{"pageNumber":"227","pageRowStart":"5650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11364,"records":[{"id":70019743,"text":"70019743 - 1997 - Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:40:00","indexId":"70019743","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Following an oil spill off St Paul Island, Alaska in February 1996, persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider (Somateria spectabilis) carcasses were estimated using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. Carcass persistence rates varied by day, beach type and sex, while detection probabilities varied by day and beach type. Scavenging, wave action and weather influenced carcass persistence. The patterns of persistence differed on rock and sand beaches and female carcasses had a different persistence function than males. Weather, primarily snow storms, and degree of carcass scavenging, diminished carcass detectability. Detection probabilities on rock beaches were lower and more variable than on sand beaches. The combination of persistence rates and detection probabilities can be used to improve techniques of estimating total mortality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00153-1","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Fowler, A.C., and Flint, P.L., 1997, Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 34, no. 7, p. 522-526, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00153-1.","startPage":"522","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00153-1"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f2e4b0c8380cd783aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, A. C.","contributorId":95836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019644,"text":"70019644 - 1997 - The relative importance of nesting and foraging sites in selection of breeding territories by Townsend's Warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:20:30","indexId":"70019644","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative importance of nesting and foraging sites in selection of breeding territories by Townsend's Warblers","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigated habitat selection by the Townsend's Warbler (<i>Dendroica townsendi</i>), a Netropical-Nearctic migrant that breeds primarily in mature coniferous forests. From 1993 to 1994, we compared the features of habitat selected for nest sites and foraging sites with those selected for territories in mature, mixed coniferous-deciduous forests in south-central Alaska. We also tested the prediction that large conifers are selected for nesting and foraging sites. Females placed nests in relatively large white spruce (<i>Picea glauca</i>) and consistently chose nest trees that were within areas of higher densities of large white spruce than were generally available. Nesting areas also had a higher density of small white spruce than was generally available, which may have been important in concealing nests from predators. Vegetation features selected for foraging differed from those selected for nesting and varied seasonally. Foraging was concentrated in medium-sized white spruce during the prehatching stage and became more generalized across coniferous and deciduous vegetation during the posthatching stage. Adults foraged in large white spruce in direct proportion to their availability on the study areas. Territories, which encompassed both nesting and foraging areas, were heterogeneous in vegetation structure and floristics. Areas selected for territories clearly reflected availability of the large white spruce selected for nest sites but did not reflect selection of medium white spruce for foraging. Characteristics of habitats varied with specific resource needs, but the distribution of Townsend's Warblers was most strongly related to specific habitat requirements for nest sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089285","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, S.M., Handel, C.M., Roby, D.D., and Thomas, D., 1997, The relative importance of nesting and foraging sites in selection of breeding territories by Townsend's Warblers: The Auk, v. 114, no. 4, p. 657-667, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089285.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"657","endPage":"667","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089285","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf2ce4b08c986b3245e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsuoka, Steven M. 0000-0001-6415-1885 smatsuoka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1885","contributorId":184173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Steven","email":"smatsuoka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, D.L.","contributorId":51481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019641,"text":"70019641 - 1997 - Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: An example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70019641","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: An example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"In the marine environment, stability of the glacier terminus and the location of subglacial streams are the dominant controls on the distribution of grounding-line deposits within morainal banks. A morainal bank complex in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, SE Alaska, is used to develop a model of terminus stability and location of subglacial streams along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers. This model can be used to interpret former grounding-line conditions in other glacimarine settings from the facies architecture within morainal bank deposits. The Muir Inlet morainal bank complex was deposited between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D., and historical observations provide a record of terminus positions, glacial retreat rates and sedimentary sources. These data are used to reconstruct the depositional environment and to develop a correlation between sedimentary facies and conditions along the grounding line. Four seismic facies identified on the high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles are used to interpret sedimentary facies within the morainal bank complex. Terminus stability is interpreted from the distribution of sedimentary facies within three distinct submarine geomorphic features, a grounding-line fan; stratified ridges, and a field of push ridges. The grounding-line fan was deposited along a stable terminus and is represented on seismic-reflection profiles by two distinct seismic facies, a proximal and a distal fan facies. The proximal fan facies was deposited at the efflux of subglacial streams and indicates the location of former glacifluvial discharges into the sea. Stratified ridges formed as a result of the influence of a quasi-stable terminus on the distribution of sedimentary facies along the grounding line. A field of push ridges formed along the grounding line of an unstable terminus that completely reworked the grounding-line deposits through glacitectonic deformation. Between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D. (39 years), 8.96 x 108 m3 of sediment were deposited within the Muir Inlet morainal bank complex at an average annual sediment accumulation rate of 2.3 x 107 m3/a. This rate represents the annual sediment production capacity of the glacier when the Muir Inlet drainage basin is filled with glacial ice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00026-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Seramur, K., Powell, R., and Carlson, P., 1997, Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: An example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska: Marine Geology, v. 140, no. 3-4, p. 307-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00026-1.","startPage":"307","endPage":"327","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00026-1"},{"id":227716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c68e4b0c8380cd52b26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seramur, K.C.","contributorId":87558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seramur","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, R.D.","contributorId":74015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019445,"text":"70019445 - 1997 - Lithofacies and seismic-reflection interpretation of temperate glacimarine sedimentation in Tarr Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019445","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithofacies and seismic-reflection interpretation of temperate glacimarine sedimentation in Tarr Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles of sediment fill within Tart Inlet of Glacier Bay, Alaska, show seismic facies changes with increasing distance from the glacial termini. Five types of seismic facies are recognized from analysis of Huntec and minisparker records, and seven lithofacies are determined from detailed sedimentologic study of gravity-, vibro- and box-cores, and bottom grab samples. Lithofacies and seismic facies associations, and fjord-floor morphology allow us to divide the fjord into three sedimentary environments: ice-proximal, iceberg-zone and ice-distal. The ice-proximal environment, characterized by a morainal-bank depositional system, can be subdivided into bank-back, bank-core and bank-front subenvironments, each of which is characterized by a different depositional subsystem. A bank-back subsystem shows chaotic seismic facies with a mounded surface, which we infer consists mainly of unsorted diamicton and poorly sorted coarse-grained sediments. A bank-core depositional subsystem is a mixture of diamicton, rubble, gravel, sand and mud. Seismic-reflection records of this subsystem are characterized by chaotic seismic facies with abundant hyperbolic diffractions and a hummocky surface. A bank-front depositional subsystem consists of mainly stratified and massive sand, and is characterized by internal hummocky facies on seismic-reflection records with significant surface relief and sediment gravity flow channels. The depositional system formed in the iceberg-zone environment consists of rhythmically laminated mud interbedded with thin beds of weakly stratified diamicton and stratified or massive sand and silt. On seismic-reflection profiles, this depositional system is characterized by discontinuously stratified facies with multiple channels on the surface in the proximal zone and a single channel on the largely flat sediment surface in the distal zone. The depositional system formed in the ice-distal environment consists of interbedded homogeneous or laminated mud and massive or stratified sand and coarse silt. This depositional system shows continuously stratified seismic facies with smooth and flat surfaces on minisparker records, and continuously stratified seismic facies which are interlayered with thin weakly stratified facies on Huntec records.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00088-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Cai, J., Powell, R., Cowan, E.A., and Carlson, P., 1997, Lithofacies and seismic-reflection interpretation of temperate glacimarine sedimentation in Tarr Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska: Marine Geology, v. 143, no. 1-4, p. 5-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00088-1.","startPage":"5","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205781,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00088-1"},{"id":226747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4835e4b0c8380cd67cc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cai, J.","contributorId":10172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, R.D.","contributorId":74015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowan, E. A.","contributorId":16423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowan","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019442,"text":"70019442 - 1997 - Distribution of autumn-staging Lesser Snow Geese on the northeast coastal plain of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:23:17","indexId":"70019442","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of autumn-staging Lesser Snow Geese on the northeast coastal plain of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted aerial surveys of Lesser Snow Geese (<i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i>) during autumn staging on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in northeast Alaska from late August through September, 1982 - 1993. We evaluated numbers and distribution of Snow Geese that staged on the ANWR, compared abundance of birds among 5 x 5-km cells used frequently (5 - 8 yr), periodically (3 - 4 yr), or infrequently (1 - 2 yr), and examined distribution changes within years. Maximum numbers of Snow Geese observed annually were highly variable (range 12,828 - 309,225). Snow Goose flocks occurred across 605,000 ha of the coastal plain, but used some areas more frequently than others. Frequently used cells (38 of 363 cells in the study area) were non-randomly distributed and primarily occurred on the central coastal plain between the wet coastal and steep foothills regions. Abundance of geese was greatest in frequently used, intermediate in periodically used, and lowest in infrequently used cells. Within years, Snow Goose numbers and flock locations varied between surveys, possibly because geese moved to different foraging areas during staging. The widespread distribution and annual variability in numbers of Snow Geese on the coastal plain was likely because birds used foraging habitats that were spatially and temporally heterogeneous. The ANWR coastal plain is an important component of the fall-staging area used by Snow Geese that nest in the western Canadian Arctic. Management decisions that affect the region should reflect its value to migrating Snow Geese.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.G., Brackney, A.W., Spindler, M.A., and Hupp, J.W., 1997, Distribution of autumn-staging Lesser Snow Geese on the northeast coastal plain of Alaska: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 68, no. 1, p. 124-134.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"134","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4514202"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -145.2117919921875,\n              69.22304834651695\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.0040283203125,\n              69.22304834651695\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.0040283203125,\n              70.32613725493573\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.2117919921875,\n              70.32613725493573\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.2117919921875,\n              69.22304834651695\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02bfe4b0c8380cd501b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Donna G.","contributorId":29965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brackney, Alan W.","contributorId":60982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brackney","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spindler, Michael A.","contributorId":56811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spindler","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019405,"text":"70019405 - 1997 - Hematological and plasma biochemical reference ranges of Alaskan seabirds: Their ecological significance and clinical importance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:38:12","indexId":"70019405","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hematological and plasma biochemical reference ranges of Alaskan seabirds: Their ecological significance and clinical importance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Blood was analyzed from 151 pelagic marine birds to establish reference ranges for hematological and plasma biochemical parameters from healthy, wild populations of Pacific seabirds. Of the 13 species examined, 9 were from the Family Alcidae (N = 122 individuals) and the remainder (N = 29) from the Families Phalacrocoracidae, Laridae, and Procellariidae. Three of 8 hematological parameters (total white blood cell count, lymphocyte count and eosinophil count) differed significantly among species, as did 9 of 13 plasma biochemical parameters (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, cholesterol, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, total protein and field total protein). There were no differences among species for packed cell volume, buffy coat, cell counts of heterophils, monocytes and basophils, or for concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, uric acid and calcium. Plasma calcium concentration, triglyceride levels and field total protein varied significantly between sexes, with females having higher mean concentrations of all 3 parameters. However, no significant relationships between measures of breeding condition (brood patch size, subcutaneous and mesenteric fat deposits, or ovarian follicle size and ovary weight) and calcium or alkaline phosphatase concentrations in female birds could be identified. Alanine aminotransferase and uric acid were the only analytes which did not differ significantly between species or sexes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521600","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Newman, S.H., Piatt, J.F., and White, J., 1997, Hematological and plasma biochemical reference ranges of Alaskan seabirds: Their ecological significance and clinical importance: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 492-504, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521600.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"504","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3051e4b0c8380cd5d543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, S. H.","contributorId":21888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, J.","contributorId":56355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019336,"text":"70019336 - 1997 - Deep seismic structure and tectonics of northern Alaska: Crustal-scale duplexing with deformation extending into the upper mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T15:45:22.378216","indexId":"70019336","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep seismic structure and tectonics of northern Alaska: Crustal-scale duplexing with deformation extending into the upper mantle","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seismic reflection and refraction and laboratory velocity data collected along a transect of northern Alaska (including the east edge of the Koyukuk basin, the Brooks Range, and the North Slope) yield a composite picture of the crustal and upper mantle structure of this Mesozoic and Cenozoic compressional orogen. The following observations are made: (1) Northern Alaska is underlain by nested tectonic wedges, most with northward vergence (i.e., with their tips pointed north). (2) High reflectivity throughout the crust above a basal decollement, which deepens southward from about 10 km depth beneath the northern front of the Brooks Range to about 30 km depth beneath the southern Brooks Range, is interpreted as structural complexity due to the presence of these tectonic wedges, or duplexes. (3) Low reflectivity throughout the crust below the decollement is interpreted as minimal deformation, which appears to involve chiefly bending of a relatively rigid plate consisting of the parautochthonous North Slope crust and a 10- to 15-km-thick section of mantle material. (4) This plate is interpreted as a southward verging tectonic wedge, with its tip in the lower crust or at the Moho beneath the southern Brooks Range. In this interpretation the middle and upper crust, or all of the crust, is detached in the southern Brooks Range by the tectonic wedge, or indentor: as a result, crust is uplifted and deformed above the wedge, and mantle is depressed and underthrust beneath this wedge. (5) Underthrusting has juxtaposed mantle of two different origins (and seismic velocities), giving rise to a prominent sub-Moho reflector.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03959","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G., Murphy, J., Lutter, W.J., Moore, T., Bird, K.J., and Christensen, N., 1997, Deep seismic structure and tectonics of northern Alaska: Crustal-scale duplexing with deformation extending into the upper mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20873-20896, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03959.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"20873","endPage":"20896","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb03959","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe2ae4b0c8380cd4eb67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":85592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019274,"text":"70019274 - 1997 - Opening the arctic: The drilling of Umiat #1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70019274","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Opening the arctic: The drilling of Umiat #1","docAbstract":"One of the greatest excitements for a petroleum geologist is to venture into the frontier, to explore and drill \"where no man has gone before.\" Over 50 years ago Bill Rex, a Kansas oilman, was tapped to lead the first oil drilling expedition into the Alaskan Arctic. He successfully assembled and outfitted a Naval Seabee expedition whose mission was to drill the first well north of the Arctic Circle, Umiat #1. The story of Umiat #1 is one of anecdotes and personal accounts. This paper relates the successes and tribulations of that Seabee exploration venture, as told to the writer by some of the participants.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Gerhard, L.C., 1997, Opening the arctic: The drilling of Umiat #1: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 19, no. 1-2, p. 8-13.","startPage":"8","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e6ae4b0c8380cd75632","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhard, L. C.","contributorId":30767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerhard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019248,"text":"70019248 - 1997 - Stratigraphic contrasts and tectonic relationships between Carboniferous successions in the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect corridor and adjacent areas, northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T14:59:04.410595","indexId":"70019248","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic contrasts and tectonic relationships between Carboniferous successions in the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect corridor and adjacent areas, northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Carboniferous succession along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT) corridor in the Atigun Gorge area of the central Brooks Range consists of the Kayak Shale (Kinderhookian) and the Lisburne Group (Kinderhookian through Chesterian). The Kayak Shale is at least 210 m thick; it is chiefly black, noncalcareous shale with several limestone beds of pelmatozoan-bryozoan packstone and formed in an open-marine setting. The Lisburne Group is a carbonate rock succession about 650 m thick and consists mainly of skeletal packstone, wackestone, and milestone which contain locally abundant calcispheres, ostracodes, algae, and sponge spicules; it accumulated largely in a shallow water platform environment with restricted circulation. This restriction was probably produced by a coeval belt of skeletal sand shoals recognized 70 km to the west in the Shainin Lake area. Significant and apparently abrupt shifts in the age and lithofacies of Carboniferous strata occur across the central and eastern Brooks Range. These shifts are most marked in a zone roughly coincident with what is interpreted by many workers to be the leading edge of the Endicott Mountains allochthon. Notable lithologie contrasts are also observed, however, between sections in the northern and southern parts of the Endicott Mountains allochthon. This suggests that considerable tectonic shortening has taken place within the allochthon, as well as between it and parautochthonous rocks to the northeast. The Carboniferous section near Mount Doonerak is more similar in age and lithofacies to coeval sections in the central Brooks Range that are considered allochthonous than to parautochthonous sections to the northeast.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB02350","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Watts, K., and Harris, A., 1997, Stratigraphic contrasts and tectonic relationships between Carboniferous successions in the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect corridor and adjacent areas, northern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20709-20726, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02350.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"20709","endPage":"20726","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479943,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb02350","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98d9e4b08c986b31c161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, K.F.","contributorId":45368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019173,"text":"70019173 - 1997 - Ecosystem development on terraces along the Kugururok River, northwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T12:39:31","indexId":"70019173","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1474,"text":"Écoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem development on terraces along the Kugururok River, northwest Alaska","docAbstract":"Riverside terraces along the Kugururok River in the Noatak National Preserve provided an opportunity to study primary succession, considering general trends that apply across all terraces, and unique events that influence individual terraces. The 30-year-old willow/poplar (Salix spp., Populus balsamifera L.) terrace had no trees taller than 1.5 m; the abundant spruce trees were not tall enough to emerge from the canopy height of the willows and poplars, and moose (Alces alces [Clinton]) browsing limited the canopy height of these plants. The 75-year-old poplar/spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) terrace had a high density of poplars (> 1000/ha) and low density of spruce (125/ha); heavy browsing by moose reduced the density of poplar by about one-half. The removal of the poplar by moose in this stand resulted in sustained increases in growth of individual spruce trees. The 100-year-old younger spruce/poplar terrace had about twice as many spruce trees (1250/ha) as poplar trees (500/ha), and the spruce trees were larger on average than the poplar trees. In the 220+ year-old older spruce/poplar type, only a few poplars remained (about 25/ha), and the number of spruce trees (600/ha) was only half that of the younger stage, either from lower initial spruce density on this terrace, or increased mortality of spruce. The 240+ year-old spruce type was a second-generation forest, characterized by a high density (1950/ha) of small spruce trees, some of which were tilted, indicating discontinuous permafrost. Plant litterfall mass showed no strong trend with terrace age, although N content of litterfall appeared to decline by about 1/3 in the spruce-dominated stages. Fungal biomass increased with ecosystem age, whereas bacterial biomass and microfauna declined. We found no evidence of declining soil N supply in older stages, but fertilization experiments would be needed to determine if N limitation of productivity changed with ecosystem development. We conclude that the general successional trend of increased spruce dominance is robust for this location, but that unique events play important roles in determining tree densities and the timing of the shift in dominance from poplar to spruce. The arrival of moose in the 1970s accelerated dominance by spruce on young terraces.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/11956860.1997.11682410","issn":"11956860","usgsCitation":"Binkley, D., Suarez, F., Stottlemyer, R., and Caldwell, B., 1997, Ecosystem development on terraces along the Kugururok River, northwest Alaska: Écoscience, v. 4, no. 3, p. 311-318, https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.1997.11682410.","startPage":"311","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a059ce4b0c8380cd50e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Binkley, Dan","contributorId":102419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binkley","given":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suarez, F.","contributorId":44676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, B.","contributorId":40741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54305,"text":"wdrAK961 - 1997 - Water Resources Data for Alaska, Water Year 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T10:41:18","indexId":"wdrAK961","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AK-96-1","title":"Water Resources Data for Alaska, Water Year 1996","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1996 water year for Alaska consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stages of lakes; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This volume contains records for water discharge at 85 gaging stations; stage or contents only at 5 gaging stations; water quality at 19 gaging stations; and water levels for 49 observation wells. Also included are data for 56 crest-stage partial-record stations and 2 lakes. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Alaska.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/wdrAK961","usgsCitation":"Linn, K., Shaw, S., Swanner, W., Rickman, R.L., and Schellekens, M., 1997, Water Resources Data for Alaska, Water Year 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AK-96-1, 270 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAK961.","productDescription":"270 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5421,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ak.water.usgs.gov/Publications/water-data/WY96/Default.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b0e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linn, K.R.","contributorId":7351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linn","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, S.K.","contributorId":55068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanner, W.C.","contributorId":41508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanner","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rickman, R. L.","contributorId":24803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schellekens, M.F.","contributorId":38216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schellekens","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":67563,"text":"i2585 - 1997 - Digital shaded-relief image of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-25T09:01:48","indexId":"i2585","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2585","title":"Digital shaded-relief image of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>One of the most spectacular physiographic images of the conterminous United States, and the first to have been produced digitally, is that by Thelin and Pike (<a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2206/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2206/\">USGS I-2206, 1991</a>). The image is remarkable for its crispness of detail and for the natural appearance of the artificial land surface. Our goal has been to produce a shaded-relief image of Alaska that has the same look and feel as the Thelin and Pike image. The Alaskan image could have been produced at the same scale as its lower 48 counterpart (1:3,500,000). But by insetting the Aleutian Islands into the Gulf of Alaska, we were able to print the Alaska map at a larger scale (1:2,500,000) and about the same physical size as the Thelin and Pike image. Benefits of the 1:2,500,000 scale are (1) greater resolution of topographic features and (2) ease of reference to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (1987) Alaska Map E and the statewide geologic map (Beikman, 1980), which are both 1:2,500,000 scale.</p><p>Manually drawn, shaded-relief images of Alaska's land surface have long been available (for example, Department of the Interior, 1909; Raisz, 1948). The topography depicted on these early maps is mainly schematic. Maps showing topographic contours were first available for the entire State in 1953 (USGS, 1:250,000) (J.H. Wittmann, USGS, written commun., 1996). The Alaska Map E was initially released in 1954 in both planimetric (revised in 1973 and 1987) and shaded-relief versions (revised in 1973, 1987, and 1996); topography depicted on the shaded-relief version is based on the 1:250,000-scale USGS topographic maps. Alaska Map E was later modified to include hypsometric tinting by Raven Maps and Images (1989, revised 1993) as copyrighted versions. Other shaded-relief images were produced for The National Geographic Magazine (LaGorce, 1956; 1:3,000,000) or drawn by Harrison (1970; 1:7,500,000) for The National Atlas of the United States. Recently, the State of Alaska digitally produced a shaded-relief image of Alaska at 1:2,500,000 scale (Alaska Department of Natural Resources, 1994), using the 1,000-m digital elevation data set referred to below.</p><p>An important difference between our image and these previous ones is the method of reproduction: like the Thelin and Pike (1991) image, our image is a composite of halftone images that yields sharp resolution and preserves contrast. Indeed, the first impression of many viewers is that the Alaskan image and the Thelin and Pike image are composites of satellite-generated photographs rather than an artificial rendering of a digital elevation model.</p><p>A shaded-relief image represents landforms in a natural fashion; that is, a viewer perceives the image as a rendering of reality. Thus a shaded-relief image is intrinsically appealing, especially in areas of spectacular relief. In addition, even subtle physiographic features that reflect geologic structures or the type of bedrock are visible. To our knowledge, some of these Alaskan features have not been depicted before and so the image should provide earth scientists with a new \"look\" at fundamental geologic features of Alaska.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2585","isbn":"0607870516","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J., Fleming, M.D., Molnia, B.F., Dover, J.H., Kelley, J., Miller, M., Nokleberg, W., Plafker, G., and Till, A., 1997, Digital shaded-relief image of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2585, Report: 11 p.; 1 Plate: 36.40 x 27.20 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2585.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 1 Plate: 36.40 x 27.20 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":189587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":370684,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2585/i2585_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":370685,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2585/i2585_map.pdf"}],"scale":"2500000","country":"United 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J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":98816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molnia, B. F.","contributorId":29386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dover, J. H.","contributorId":75545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dover","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelley, John S.","contributorId":23560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"John S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":89523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":276713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Till, A.B.","contributorId":37755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":35820,"text":"b2151 - 1997 - The Late Triassic bivalve Monotis in accreted terranes of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:44","indexId":"b2151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2151","title":"The Late Triassic bivalve Monotis in accreted terranes of Alaska","docAbstract":"Late Triassic bivalves of the genus Monotis occur in at least 16 of the lithotectonic terranes and subterranes that together comprise nearly all of Alaska, and they also occur in the Upper Yukon region of Alaska where Triassic strata are regarded as representing non-accretionary North America.  On the basis of collections made thus far, 14 kinds of Monotis that differ at the species or subspecies level can be recognized from alaska.  These are grouped into the subgenera Monotis (Monotis), M. (Pacimonotis), M. (Entomonotis), and M. (Eomonotis).  In places, Monotis shells of one kind or another occur in rock-forming abundance.\r\n\r\nOn the basis of superpositional data from Alaska, as well as from elsewhere in North America and Far Eastern Russia, at least four distince biostratigraphic levels can be discriminated utilizing Monotis species.  Different species of M. (Eomonotis) characterize two middle Norian levels, both probably within the supper middle Norian Columbianus Ammonite Zone.  Two additional levels are recognized in the lower upper Norian Cordilleranus Ammonite Zone utilizing species of M. (Monotis) or M. (Entomonotis), both of which subgenera are restricted to the late Norian.\r\n\r\nAn attached-floating mode of life is commonly attributed to Monotis; thus, these bivalves would have been pseudoplanktonic surface dwellers that were sensitive to surface-water temperature and paleolatitude.  Distinctly different kinds of Monotis occur at different paleolatitudes along the Pacific and Arctic margins of the North American craton inboard of the accreted terranes.  Comparison between thse craton-bound Monotis faunas and those of the Alaskan terranes in southern Alaska south of the Denali fault were paleoequatorial in latitude during Late Triassic time.  Among these terranes, the Alexander terrane was possibly in the southern hemisphere at that time.  Terranes of northern Alaska, on the other hand, represent middle, possibly high-middle, northern paleolatitudes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b2151","usgsCitation":"Silberling, N.J., Grant-Mackie, J.A., and Nichols, K.M., 1997, The Late Triassic bivalve Monotis in accreted terranes of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2151, iii, 21 p., 23 p. of plates ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2151.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p., 23 p. of plates ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3409,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2151/b2151.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silberling, Norman J.","contributorId":102438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberling","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant-Mackie, J. A.","contributorId":49845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant-Mackie","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, K. M.","contributorId":14832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":59600,"text":"mf2219E - 1997 - Map showing the distribution of anomalous concentrations of copper, lead, zinc, tin, and tungsten in stream sediment and heavy-mineral concentrate in the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:27","indexId":"mf2219E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2219","chapter":"E","title":"Map showing the distribution of anomalous concentrations of copper, lead, zinc, tin, and tungsten in stream sediment and heavy-mineral concentrate in the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2219E","isbn":"0607883049","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Ryder, J.L., and Taylor, C.D., 1997, Map showing the distribution of anomalous concentrations of copper, lead, zinc, tin, and tungsten in stream sediment and heavy-mineral concentrate in the Iditarod quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2219, 1 map ;45 x 63 cm. on sheet 133 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2219E.","productDescription":"1 map ;45 x 63 cm. on sheet 133 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":114737,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1997/2219e/report.pdf","size":"56","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":114738,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1997/2219e/plate-1.pdf","size":"13717","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1997/2219e/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159,62 ], [ -159,63 ], [ -156,63 ], [ -156,62 ], [ -159,62 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649ea6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":262294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Jean L.","contributorId":80709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Charles D.","contributorId":77796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53919,"text":"bsr19970001 - 1997 - A system for monitoring impact of Denali National Park road traffic on wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T15:06:09","indexId":"bsr19970001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1997-0001","title":"A system for monitoring impact of Denali National Park road traffic on wildlife","docAbstract":"<p>The Denali National Park and Preserve (DENA) is a 6.03 million acre reserve lying between Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska. &nbsp;The park was established in 1917 as a wildlife refuge, and is managed to maintain the wilderness character. &nbsp;With the highest mountain in North America, Mt. McKinley, and the easy availability of wildlife for viewing, the park is Alaska's most favored destination point. &nbsp;From 1972 through 1984, visitation grew from 88, 615 to 394, 426 visitor days per year (GMP, 1986), and then increased by 50,000 per year to 596,000 visitors in 1988. &nbsp;This demand for motorized access to the park, especially along the 92.5 mile-long park road, has resulted in controversy and claims of traffic disturbance to wildlife [(letter from Superintendent, DENA July 13, 1988) (Anchorage Daily News, May 14, 1995; May 26, 1995; February 5, 1996; June 18, 1996) Leo (1987); Lee Rue (1996)].</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Taylor, D.L., Vogt, K.D., and Warburton, J., 1997, A system for monitoring impact of Denali National Park road traffic on wildlife: Biological Science Report 1997-0001, 259 p.","productDescription":"259 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4776,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/others/BSR-97-001a.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5cfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Dale L.","contributorId":25632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogt, Kenneth D.","contributorId":52650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warburton, Janet","contributorId":97187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warburton","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5295,"text":"fs10296 - 1997 - US GeoData digital elevation models","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5295,"text":"fs10296 - 1997 - US GeoData digital elevation models","indexId":"fs10296","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"US GeoData digital elevation models"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5296,"text":"fs04000 - 2000 - US GeoData Digital Elevation Models","indexId":"fs04000","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"US GeoData Digital Elevation Models"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":5296,"text":"fs04000 - 2000 - US GeoData Digital Elevation Models","indexId":"fs04000","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"US GeoData Digital Elevation Models"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-03T09:08:47","indexId":"fs10296","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"102-96","title":"US GeoData digital elevation models","docAbstract":"Digital elevation model (DEM) data consist of a sampled array of regularly spaced elevation values referenced horizontally either to a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection or to a geographic coordinate system. The grid cells are spaced at regular intervals along south to north profiles that are ordered from west to east. the U.S> Geological Survey (USGS) produces five primary types of elevation data: 7.5-minute DEM, 30-minute DEM, 1-degree DEM, 7.5-minute Alaska DEM, and 15-minute Alaska DEM.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs10296","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, US GeoData digital elevation models: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 102-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs10296.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs10296.jpg"},{"id":285385,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0102-96/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6855,"text":"fs02897 - 1997 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-03T08:40:47","indexId":"fs02897","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"028-97","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 1997","docAbstract":"The overall mission of the U.S. Geological\nSurvey's Water Resources Division\nis to provide the hydrologic\ninformation and understanding needed\nfor wise use and management of the\nNation's water resources. For nearly\n100 years, the U.S. Geological Survey\nhas studied the occurrence, quantity,\nquality, distribution, and movement of\nthe surface and ground water that constitutes\nthe Nation's water resources. As\nthe principal Federal water-data agency,\nthe U.S. Geological Survey collects and\ndisseminates about 70 percent of the\nwater data currently being used by\nnumerous State, local, private, and\nother Federal agencies to develop and\nmanage our water resources. This\nnationwide program, which is carried\nout through the Water Resources Division's\n48 District offices and 4 Regional\noffices, includes the collection, analysis,\nand dissemination of hydrologic\ndata and water-use information, areal\nhydrologic resource appraisals and\nother interpretive studies, and research\nprojects. Much of this work is a cooperative\neffort in which planning and financial\nsupport are shared by State and\nlocal governments and other Federal\nagencies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs02897","usgsCitation":"Snyder, E., 1997, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 028-97, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02897.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs02897.jpg"},{"id":285361,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0028-97/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9f35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Elisabeth F.","contributorId":40616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Elisabeth F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5072,"text":"fs15397 - 1997 - Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:51","indexId":"fs15397","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"153-97","title":"Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\n[1997]","doi":"10.3133/fs15397","usgsCitation":"Frenzel, S.A., 1997, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 153-97, 4 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.; 7 illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15397.","productDescription":"4 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.; 7 illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0153/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31877,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68653f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frenzel, Steven A. sfrenzel@usgs.gov","contributorId":688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"Steven","email":"sfrenzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006981,"text":"70006981 - 1996 - Black brant from Alaska staging and wintering in Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-13T01:01:54","indexId":"70006981","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:38:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black brant from Alaska staging and wintering in Japan","docAbstract":"Black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) nest in colonies in arctic Canada, Alaska, and Russia (Derksen and Ward 1993, Sedinger et al. 1993). Virtually the entire population stages in fall at Izembek Lagoon near the tip of the Alaska Peninsula (Bellrose 1976) before southward migration (Dau 1992) to winter habitats in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, and Baja California (Subcommittee on Black Brant 1992). A small number of black brant winter in Japan, Korea, and China (Owen 1980). In Japan 3,000&ndash;5,000 brant of unknown origin stop over in fall, and a declining population (<1,000) of birds winter here, primarily in the northern islands (Brazil 1991, Miyabayashi et al. 1994). Here, we report sightings of brant in Japan that were marked in Alaska and propose a migration route based on historical and recent observations and weather patterns.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","doi":"10.2307/1369583","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Derksen, D.V., Bollinger, K., Ward, D.H., Sedinger, J., and Miyabayashi, Y., 1996, Black brant from Alaska staging and wintering in Japan: The Condor, v. 98, p. 653-657, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369583.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"657","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479025,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369583","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258836,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369583"}],"country":"United States;Japan","state":"Alaska","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1d7e4b0c8380cd4ae62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bollinger, K.S.","contributorId":85542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sedinger, J.S.","contributorId":75471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miyabayashi, Y.","contributorId":10605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyabayashi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006950,"text":"70006950 - 1996 - Alaska shorebirds: status and conservation measures at a terminus of the East Asian-Australasian flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-07T10:29:09","indexId":"70006950","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Alaska shorebirds: status and conservation measures at a terminus of the East Asian-Australasian flyway","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Conservation of migratory waterbirds and their wetland habitats in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway; Wetlands International-Asia Pacific, Kuala Lumpur, Publication No. 116","language":"English","publisher":"Wetlands International","publisherLocation":"Wageningen, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., 1996, Alaska shorebirds: status and conservation measures at a terminus of the East Asian-Australasian flyway, <i>in</i> Conservation of migratory waterbirds and their wetland habitats in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway; Wetlands International-Asia Pacific, Kuala Lumpur, Publication No. 116, p. 21-42.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258888,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"East Asian-australasian Flyway","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e950e4b0c8380cd481cb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wells, D.R.","contributorId":113253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508409,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mundkur, T.","contributorId":60151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundkur","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508408,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23068,"text":"ofr96223 - 1996 - Occurrence of selected contaminants in water, fish tissue, and streambed sediments in central Nebraska, 1992-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T08:26:04","indexId":"ofr96223","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-223","title":"Occurrence of selected contaminants in water, fish tissue, and streambed sediments in central Nebraska, 1992-95","docAbstract":"<p>Surface and ground water in Nebraska may contain contaminants resulting from human activities. For purposes of this publication, a contaminant is any element or compound whose presence may affect the water's suitability for certain uses. For example, herbicide concentrations may exceeed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Health Advisory Levels (HAL) for drinking water or trace-element concentrations may exceed guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. In general, the contaminats discussed in this report enter the aquatic system through nonpoint-source runoff from agricultural lands that dominate the Nebraska landscape. However,because this assessment was conducted as part of a larger, national program, a screening for contaminants with non-agricultural origins was included.</p><p>The measurement of water quality involves a variety of steps, each contributing unique information while also aggregating to an overall assessment. One aspect of water-quality assesment is to describe the occurrence and distribution of contaminants. Some contaminants may be hundreds or thousands of times more concentrated in the tissues of aquatic organisms or in fine sediments than they are in the water. As a result, fish tissue and streambed sediments are well suited for the detection of certain contaminants. For example, pesticides used in the United States prior to the early 1970's, such as DDT, may have degraded into more stable but still toxic compounds that are highly concentrated in fish tissues. Conversely, other contaminants are not concentrated in sediments or tissues but are readily detected in water samples. Organonitrogen herbicides (such as atrazine), the most commonly used herbicides in Nebraska, are examples of water-soluble contaminants.</p><p>Several sampling strategies were used to address specific questions. Some sites were sampled repeatedly through time and during all hydrologic conditions, whereas others were sampled only once to determine presence of contaminants. Because a strong relation between concentration and streamflow often exists for contaminants originating from nonpoint sources, streams typically were sampled near gaging stations that monitor streamflow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96223","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Frenzel, S.A., 1996, Occurrence of selected contaminants in water, fish tissue, and streambed sediments in central Nebraska, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-223, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96223.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1488,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ne.water.usgs.gov/Nawqa/pubs/ofr_96_223/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.712646484375,\n              40.3549167507906\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.042236328125,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.591552734375,\n              40.75557964275589\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.23974609375,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.569091796875,\n              40.40513069752789\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.107421875,\n              40.55554790286311\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.777587890625,\n              40.95501133048621\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.87646484375,\n              41.19518982948959\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.634521484375,\n              41.6154423246811\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.733154296875,\n              42.05745022024682\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.67822265625,\n              42.80346172417078\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.01904296874999,\n              42.93229601903058\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.37109375,\n              42.771211138625894\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.591064453125,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.349365234375,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.360595703125,\n              42.67435857693381\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.96533203125,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.3720703125,\n              41.46742831254425\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.317138671875,\n              41.3850519497068\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              41.32732632036622\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692a43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frenzel, Steven A. sfrenzel@usgs.gov","contributorId":688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"Steven","email":"sfrenzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5124,"text":"fs16096 - 1996 - Balancing the three R's (regulation, research, and restoration) on the Kenai River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-07T10:30:34","indexId":"fs16096","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"160-96","title":"Balancing the three R's (regulation, research, and restoration) on the Kenai River, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Kenai River is Alaska’s most popular salmon sport fishery. By attracting fishermen, the river contributes about $40 million annually to the local economy. Much of the fishing effort is in pursuit of the river’s chinook salmon, which are among the largest in the world. Many people benefit from the river through its numerous recreational opportunities or by making a living providing fishery support services. To preserve the fishery and the opportunities the river provides, we must find the proper balance of regulation, research, and restoration in the watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","doi":"10.3133/fs16096","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J.M., and Liepitz, G.S., 1996, Balancing the three R's (regulation, research, and restoration) on the Kenai River, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 160-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16096.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31905,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.29150390625,\n              56.353077613860826\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.81103515625,\n              57.06463027327855\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.99755859375,\n              63.12457211930414\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.56787109375,\n              63.37183226679281\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.25927734375,\n              62.36999628130772\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.45654296875,\n              61.72111756281976\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.796875,\n              59.512029386502704\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.29150390625,\n              56.353077613860826\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, Joseph M.","contributorId":87125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liepitz, Gary S.","contributorId":11056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liepitz","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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