{"pageNumber":"227","pageRowStart":"5650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16449,"records":[{"id":70000057,"text":"70000057 - 2008 - Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000057","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS","docAbstract":"The Reservoir Sedimentation Survey Information System (RESIS) is one of the world's most comprehensive databases of reservoir sedimentation rates, comprising nearly 6000 surveys for 1819 reservoirs across the continental United States. Sediment surveys in the database date from 1904 to 1999, though more than 95% of surveys were entered prior to 1980, making RESIS largely a historical database. The use of this database for large-scale studies has been limited by the lack of precise coordinates for the reservoirs. Many of the reservoirs are relatively small structures and do not appear on current USGS topographic maps. Others have been renamed or have only approximate (i.e. township and range) coordinates. This paper presents a method scripted in ESRI's ARC Macro Language (AML) to locate the reservoirs on digital elevation models using information available in RESIS. The script also delineates the contributing watersheds and compiles several hydrologically important parameters for each reservoir. Evaluation of the method indicates that, for watersheds larger than 5 km2, the correct outlet is identified over 80% of the time. The importance of identifying the watershed outlet correctly depends on the application. Our intent is to collect spatial data for watersheds across the continental United States and describe the land use, soils, and topography for each reservoir's watershed. Because of local landscape similarity in these properties, we show that choosing the incorrect watershed does not necessarily mean that the watershed characteristics will be misrepresented. We present a measure termed terrain complexity and examine its relationship to geolocation success rate and its influence on the similarity of nearby watersheds. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Mixon, D., Kinner, D., Stallard, R., and Syvitski, J., 2008, Geolocation of man-made reservoirs across terrains of varying complexity using GIS: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 10, p. 1184-1197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015.","startPage":"1184","endPage":"1197","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18660,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.015"}],"volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a872b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mixon, D.M.","contributorId":85702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixon","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinner, D.A.","contributorId":99265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, R.F.","contributorId":30247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Syvitski, J.P.M.","contributorId":91222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syvitski","given":"J.P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000005,"text":"70000005 - 2008 - Groundwater discharge along a channelized Coastal Plain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T09:36:34","indexId":"70000005","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater discharge along a channelized Coastal Plain stream","docAbstract":"In the Coastal Plain of the southeastern USA, streams have commonly been artificially channelized for flood control and agricultural drainage. However, groundwater discharge along such streams has received relatively little attention. Using a combination of stream- and spring-flow measurements, spring temperature measurements, temperature profiling along the stream-bed, and geologic mapping, we delineated zones of diffuse and focused discharge along Little Bayou Creek, a channelized, first-order perennial stream in western Kentucky. Seasonal variability in groundwater discharge mimics hydraulic-head fluctuations in a nearby monitoring well and spring-discharge fluctuations elsewhere in the region, and is likely to reflect seasonal variability in recharge. Diffuse discharge occurs where the stream is incised into the semi-confined regional gravel aquifer, which is comprised of the Mounds Gravel. Focused discharge occurs upstream where the channel appears to have intersected preferential pathways within the confining unit. Seasonal fluctuations in discharge from individual springs are repressed where piping results in bank collapse. Thereby, focused discharge can contribute to the morphological evolution of the stream channel. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.026","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"LaSage, D., Sexton, J.L., Mukherjee, A., Fryar, A., and Greb, S., 2008, Groundwater discharge along a channelized Coastal Plain stream: Journal of Hydrology, v. 360, no. 1-4, p. 252-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.026.","startPage":"252","endPage":"264","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476499,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1233167","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.026"}],"volume":"360","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db65a043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaSage, D.M.","contributorId":98024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaSage","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexton, Joshua L.","contributorId":19685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mukherjee, A.","contributorId":82832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukherjee","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fryar, A.E.","contributorId":59928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryar","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greb, S.F.","contributorId":48294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000037,"text":"70000037 - 2008 - Assessing streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T21:45:49","indexId":"70000037","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>1. Human use of land and water resources modifies many streamflow characteristics, which can have significant ecological consequences. Streamflow and invertebrate data collected at 111 sites in the western U.S.A. were analysed to identify streamflow characteristics (magnitude, frequency, duration, timing and variation) that are probably to limit characteristics of benthic invertebrate assemblages (abundance, richness, diversity and evenness, functional feeding groups and individual taxa) and, thus, would be important for freshwater conservation and restoration. Our analysis investigated multiple metrics for each biological and hydrological characteristic, but focuses on 14 invertebrate metrics and 13 streamflow metrics representing the key associations between streamflow and invertebrates.</p>\n<p>2. Streamflow is only one of many environmental and biotic factors that influence the characteristics of invertebrate assemblages. Although the central tendency of invertebrate assemblage characteristics may not respond to any one factor across a large region like the western U.S.A., we postulate that streamflow may limit some invertebrates. To assess streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on invertebrate assemblages, we developed a nonparametric screening procedure to identify upper (ceilings) or lower (floors) limits on invertebrate metrics associated with streamflow metrics. Ceilings and floors for selected metrics were then quantified using quantile regression.</p>\n<p>3. Invertebrate assemblages had limits associated with all streamflow characteristics that we analysed. Metrics of streamflow variation at daily to inter-annual scales were among the most common characteristics associated with limits on invertebrate assemblages. Baseflow recession, daily variation and monthly variation, in streamflow were associated with the largest number of invertebrate metrics. Since changes in streamflow variation are often a consequence of hydrologic alteration, they may serve as useful indicators of ecologically significant changes in streamflow and as benchmarks for managing streamflow for ecological objectives.</p>\n<p>4. Relative abundance of Plecoptera, richness of non-insect taxa and relative abundance of intolerant taxa were associated with multiple streamflow metrics. Metrics of sensitive taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera), and intolerant taxa generally had ceilings associated with flow metrics while metrics of tolerant taxa, non-insects, dominance and chironomids generally had floors. Broader characteristics of invertebrate assemblages such as abundance and richness had fewer limits, but these limits were nonetheless associated with a broad range of streamflow characteristics.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., Brasher, A., and May, J., 2008, Assessing streamflow characteristics as limiting factors on benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams across the western United States: Freshwater Biology, v. 53, no. 10, p. 1983-1998, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1983","endPage":"1998","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18641,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02024.x"}],"volume":"53","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, A.M.D.","contributorId":8213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"A.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, J. T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":72505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000128,"text":"70000128 - 2008 - Evaluating regional patterns in nitrate sources to watersheds in national parks of the Rocky Mountains using nitrate isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:03:57","indexId":"70000128","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating regional patterns in nitrate sources to watersheds in national parks of the Rocky Mountains using nitrate isotopes","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the Rocky Mountains, there is uncertainty about the source areas and emission types that contribute to nitrate (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) deposition, which can adversely affect sensitive aquatic habitats of high-elevation watersheds. Regional patterns in NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> deposition sources were evaluated using NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> isotopes in five National Parks, including 37 lakes and 7 precipitation sites. Results indicate that lake NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> ranged from detection limit to 38 μeq/L, δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) ranged from −5.7 to +21.3‰, and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) ranged from −6.6 to +4.6‰. δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) in precipitation ranged from +71 to +78‰. δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) in precipitation and lakes overlap; however, δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) in precipitation is more depleted than δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) in lakes, ranging from −5.5 to −2.0‰. δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) values are significantly related (</span><i>p</i><span> &lt; 0.05) to wet deposition of inorganic N, sulfate, and acidity, suggesting that spatial variability of δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) over the Rocky Mountains may be related to source areas of these solutes. Regional patterns show that NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) are more enriched in lakes and precipitation from the southern Rockies and at higher elevations compared to the northern Rockies. The correspondence of high NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> and enriched δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) in precipitation with high NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>and enriched δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N (NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) in lakes, suggests that deposition of inorganic N in wetfall may affect the amount of NO</span><sub>3</sub><span> in lakes through a combination of direct and indirect processes such as enhanced nitrification.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es800739e","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Nanus, L., Williams, M., Campbell, K., Elliott, E., and Kendall, C., 2008, Evaluating regional patterns in nitrate sources to watersheds in national parks of the Rocky Mountains using nitrate isotopes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 17, p. 6487-6493, https://doi.org/10.1021/es800739e.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6487","endPage":"6493","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800739e"}],"volume":"42","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686561","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nanus, L.","contributorId":83239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, M.W.","contributorId":15565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, E.M.","contributorId":78064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000436,"text":"70000436 - 2008 - Linking runoff response to burn severity after a wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000436","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking runoff response to burn severity after a wildfire","docAbstract":"Extreme floods often follow wildfire in mountainous watersheds. However, a quantitative relation between the runoff response and burn severity at the watershed scale has not been established. Runoff response was measured as the runoff coefficient C, which is equal to the peak discharge per unit drainage area divided by the average maximum 30 min rainfall intensity during each rain storm. The magnitude of the bum severity was expressed as the change in the normalized burn ratio. A new burn severity variable, hydraulic functional connectivity ?? was developed and incorporates both the magnitude of the burn severity and the spatial sequence of the bum severity along hillslope flow paths. The runoff response and the burn severity were measured in seven subwatersheds (0.24 to 0.85 km2) in the upper part of Rendija Canyon burned by the 2000 Cerro Grande Fire Dear Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. A rainfall-discharge relation was determined for four of the subwatersheds with nearly the same bum severity. The peak discharge per unit drainage area Qupeak was a linear function of the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity I30. This function predicted a rainfall intensity threshold of 8.5 mm h-1 below which no runoff was generated. The runoff coefficient C = Qupeak/I30 was a linear function of the mean hydraulic functional connectivity of the subwatersheds. Moreover, the variability of the mean hydraulic functional connectivity was related to the variability of the mean runoff coefficient, and this relation provides physical insight into why the runoff response from the same subwatershed can vary for different rainstorms with the same rainfall intensity. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6806","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., Martin, D., Haire, S., and Kinner, D., 2008, Linking runoff response to burn severity after a wildfire: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 13, p. 2063-2074, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6806.","startPage":"2063","endPage":"2074","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18856,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6806"}],"volume":"22","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, D.A.","contributorId":61548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haire, S.L.","contributorId":23503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haire","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kinner, D.A.","contributorId":99265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000404,"text":"70000404 - 2008 - Carbon isotope fractionation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to outgassing of carbon dioxide from a headwater stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000404","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope fractionation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to outgassing of carbon dioxide from a headwater stream","docAbstract":"The stable isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (??13C-DIC) was investigated as a potential tracer of streamflow generation processes at the Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont, USA. Downstream sampling showed ?? 13C-DIC increased between 3-5??? from the stream source to the outlet weir approximately 0??5 km downstream, concomitant with increasing pH and decreasing PCO2. An increase in ??13C-DIC of 2.4 ?? 0??1??? per log unit decrease of excess PCO2 (stream PCO2 normalized to atmospheric PCO2) was observed from downstream transect data collected during snowmelt. Isotopic fractionation of DIC due to CO2 outgassing rather than exchange with atmospheric CO2 may be the primary cause of increased ?? 13C-DIC values downstream when PCO2 of surface freshwater exceeds twice the atmospheric CO2 concentration. Although CO2 outgassing caused a general increase in stream ??13C-DIC values, points of localized groundwater seepage into the stream were identified by decreases in ??13C-DIC and increases in DIC concentration of the stream water superimposed upon the general downstream trend. In addition, comparison between snowmelt, early spring and summer seasons showed that DIC is flushed from shallow groundwater flowpaths during snowmelt and is replaced by a greater proportion of DIC derived from soil CO2 during the early spring growing season. Thus, in spite of effects from CO2 outgassing, ??13C of DIC can be a useful indicator of groundwater additions to headwater streams and a tracer of carbon dynamics in catchments. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6833","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Doctor, D., Kendall, C., Sebestyen, S., Shanley, J.B., Ohte, N., and Boyer, E., 2008, Carbon isotope fractionation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to outgassing of carbon dioxide from a headwater stream: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 14, p. 2410-2423, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6833.","startPage":"2410","endPage":"2423","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18835,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6833"}],"volume":"22","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f00f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doctor, D.H.","contributorId":94773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sebestyen, S.D.","contributorId":16142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ohte, N.","contributorId":16143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohte","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70000386,"text":"70000386 - 2008 - Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T11:18:01","indexId":"70000386","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Forest cover is an important input variable for assessing changes to carbon stocks, climate and hydrological systems, biodiversity richness, and other sustainability science disciplines. Despite incremental improvements in our ability to quantify rates of forest clearing, there is still no definitive understanding on global trends. Without timely and accurate forest monitoring methods, policy responses will be uninformed concerning the most basic facts of forest cover change. Results of a feasible and cost-effective monitoring strategy are presented that enable timely, precise, and internally consistent estimates of forest clearing within the humid tropics. A probability-based sampling approach that synergistically employs low and high spatial resolution satellite datasets was used to quantify humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005. Forest clearing is estimated to be 1.39% (SE 0.084%) of the total biome area. This translates to an estimated forest area cleared of 27.2 million hectares (SE 2.28 million hectares), and represents a 2.36% reduction in area of humid tropical forest. Fifty-five percent of total biome clearing occurs within only 6% of the biome area, emphasizing the presence of forest clearing “hotspots.” Forest loss in Brazil accounts for 47.8% of total biome clearing, nearly four times that of the next highest country, Indonesia, which accounts for 12.8%. Over three-fifths of clearing occurs in Latin America and over one-third in Asia. Africa contributes 5.4% to the estimated loss of humid tropical forest cover, reflecting the absence of current agro-industrial scale clearing in humid tropical Africa.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0804042105","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.C., Stehman, S., Potapov, P.V., Loveland, T., Townshend, J., DeFries, R., Pittman, K., Arunarwati, B., Stolle, F., Steininger, M., Carroll, M., and DiMiceli, C., 2008, Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 105, no. 27, p. 9439-9444, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804042105.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9439","endPage":"9444","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2453739","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Matthew C.","contributorId":192036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehman, S.V.","contributorId":91974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehman","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27852,"text":"State University of New York, Syracuse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potapov, Peter V.","contributorId":192037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potapov","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Townshend, J.R.G.","contributorId":15321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"J.R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeFries, R.S.","contributorId":61549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFries","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pittman, K.W.","contributorId":101782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittman","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arunarwati, B.","contributorId":108234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arunarwati","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stolle, F.","contributorId":46662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolle","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Steininger, M.K.","contributorId":29933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steininger","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carroll, M.","contributorId":16137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DiMiceli, C.","contributorId":49498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMiceli","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70000032,"text":"70000032 - 2008 - Methanogenic pathways of coal-bed gas in the Powder River Basin, United States: The geologic factor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000032","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methanogenic pathways of coal-bed gas in the Powder River Basin, United States: The geologic factor","docAbstract":"Coal-bed gas of the Tertiary Fort Union and Wasatch Formations in the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana, U.S. was interpreted as microbial in origin by previous studies based on limited data on the gas and water composition and isotopes associated with the coal beds. To fully evaluate the microbial origin of the gas and mechanisms of methane generation, additional data for 165 gas and water samples from 7 different coal-bed methane-bearing coal-bed reservoirs were collected basinwide and correlated to the coal geology and stratigraphy. The C1/(C2 + C3) ratio and vitrinite reflectance of coal and organic shale permitted differentiation between microbial gas and transitional thermogenic gas in the central part of the basin. Analyses of methane ??13C and ??D, carbon dioxide ??13C, and water ??D values indicate gas was generated primarily from microbial CO2 reduction, but with significant gas generated by microbial methyl-type fermentation (aceticlastic) in some areas of the basin. Microbial CO2 reduction occurs basinwide, but is generally dominant in Paleocene Fort Union Formation coals in the central part of the basin, whereas microbial methyl-type fermentation is common along the northwest and east margins. Isotopically light methane ??13C is distributed along the basin margins where ??D is also depleted, indicating that both CO2-reduction and methyl-type fermentation pathways played major roles in gas generation, but gas from the latter pathway overprinted gas from the former pathway. More specifically, along the northwest basin margin gas generation by methyl-type fermentation may have been stimulated by late-stage infiltration of groundwater recharge from clinker areas, which flowed through highly fractured and faulted coal aquifers. Also, groundwater recharge controlled a change in gas composition in the shallow Eocene Wasatch Formation with the increase of nitrogen and decrease of methane composition of the coal-bed gas. Other geologic factors, such as burial, thermal and maturation history, lateral and vertical continuity, and coalification of the coal beds, also played a significant role in controlling methanogenic pathways and provided new perspectives on gas evolution and emplacement. The early-stage gas produced by CO2 reduction has mixed with transitional thermogenic gas in the deeper, central parts of the Powder River Basin to form 'old' gas, whereas along the basin margins the overprint of gas from methyl-type fermentation represents 'new' gas. Thus, a clear understanding of these geologic factors is necessary to relate the microbiological, biogeochemical, and hydrological processes involved in the generation of coal-bed gas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.02.005","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Flores, R.M., Rice, C.A., Stricker, G.D., Warden, A., and Ellis, M., 2008, Methanogenic pathways of coal-bed gas in the Powder River Basin, United States: The geologic factor: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 76, no. 1-2, p. 52-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.02.005.","startPage":"52","endPage":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.02.005"},{"id":203304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flores, R. M.","contributorId":106899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, C. A.","contributorId":106116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, G. D.","contributorId":38977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warden, A.","contributorId":41946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellis, M.S.","contributorId":64301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000375,"text":"70000375 - 2008 - Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:32:18","indexId":"70000375","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id17\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id18\"><p>A number of investigations have shown that photoreduction of Fe(III) causes midday accumulations of dissolved Fe(II) in rivers and lakes, leading to large diel (24-h) fluctuations in the concentration and speciation of total dissolved iron. Less well appreciated is the importance of photoreduction in providing chemical energy for bacteria to thrive in low pH waters. Diel variations in water chemistry from the highly acidic (pH 2.3 to 3.1) Río Tinto, Río Odiel, and Río Agrio of southwestern Spain (Iberian Pyrite Belt) resulted in daytime increases in Fe(II) concentration of 15 to 66&nbsp;µM at four diel sampling locations. Dissolved Fe(II) concentrations increased with solar radiation, and one of the stream sites showed an antithetic relationship between dissolved Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations; both results are consistent with photoreduction. The diel data were used to estimate rates of microbially catalyzed Fe(II) oxidation (1 to 3&nbsp;nmol L<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>s<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>) and maximum rates of Fe(III) photoreduction (1.7 to 4.3&nbsp;nmol L<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>s<sup>−&nbsp;1</sup>). Bioenergetic calculations indicate that the latter rates are sufficient to build up a population of Fe-oxidizing bacteria to the levels observed in the Río Tinto in about 30&nbsp;days. We conclude that photoreduction plays an important role in the bioenergetics of the bacterial communities of these acidic rivers, which have previously been shown to be dominated by autotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizers such as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Leptospirillum ferrooxidans</i>. Given the possibility of the previous existence of acidic, Fe(III)-rich water on Mars, photoreduction may be an important process on other planets, a fact that could have implications to astrobiological research.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.004","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Gammons, C., Nimick, D., Parker, S., Snyder, D., McCleskey, R.B., Amils, R., and Poulson, S., 2008, Photoreduction fuels biogeochemical cycling of iron in Spain's acid rivers: Chemical Geology, v. 252, no. 3-4, p. 202-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.004.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"213","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.03.004"}],"volume":"252","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685db4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gammons, C.H.","contributorId":18459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gammons","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, S.R.","contributorId":62725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, D.M.","contributorId":74117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amils, R.","contributorId":22888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amils","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Poulson, S.R.","contributorId":98859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulson","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70000437,"text":"70000437 - 2008 - What was the groundwater quality before mining in a mineralized region? Lessons from the Questa Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:12:33","indexId":"70000437","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:23","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1817,"text":"Geosciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What was the groundwater quality before mining in a mineralized region? Lessons from the Questa Project","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department and supported by Molycorp, Inc (currently Chevron Minerals), has completed a 5-year investigation (2001-2006) to determine the pre-mining ground-water quality at Molycorp's Questa molybdenum mine in northern New Mexico. Current mine-site ground waters are often contaminated with mine-waste leachates and no data exists on premining ground-water quality so that pre-mining conditions must be inferred. Ground-water quality undisturbed by mining is often worse than New Mexico standards and data are needed to help establish closure requirements. The key to determining pre-mining conditions was to study the hydrogeochemistry of a proximal natural analog site, the Straight Creek catchment. Main rock types exposed to weathering include a Tertiary andesite and the Tertiary Amalia tuff (rhyolitic composition), both hydrothermally altered to various degrees. Two types of ground water are common in mineralized areas, acidic ground waters in alluvial debris fans with pH 3-4 and bedrock ground waters with pH 6-8. Siderite, ferrihydrite, rhodochrosite, amorphous to microcrystalline Al(OH)3, calcite, gypsum, barite, and amorphous silica mineral solubilities control concentrations of Fe(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Al, Ca, Ba, and SiO2, depending on pH and solution composition. Concentrations at low pH are governed by element abundance and mineral weathering rates. Concentrations of Zn and Cd range from detection up to about 10 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively, and are derived primarily from sphalerite dissolution. Concentrations of Ni and Co range from detection up to 1 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively, and are derived primarily from pyrite dissolution. Concentrations of Ca and SO4 are derived from secondary gypsum dissolution and weathering of calcite and pyrite. Metal:sulfate concentration ratios are relatively constant for acidic waters, suggesting consistent weathering rates, independent of catchment. These trends, combined with lithology, mineralogy, and mineral solubility controls, provide useful constraints on pre-mining ground-water quality for the mine site where the lithology is known.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12303-008-0015-8","issn":"12264806","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 2008, What was the groundwater quality before mining in a mineralized region? Lessons from the Questa Project: Geosciences Journal, v. 12, no. 2, p. 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-008-0015-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18857,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12303-008-0015-8"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3be4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70000326,"text":"70000326 - 2008 - Global daily reference evapotranspiration modeling and evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:50:52","indexId":"70000326","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global daily reference evapotranspiration modeling and evaluation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate and reliable evapotranspiration (ET) datasets are crucial in regional water and energy balance studies. Due to the complex instrumentation requirements, actual ET values are generally estimated from reference ET values by adjustment factors using coefficients for water stress and vegetation conditions, commonly referred to as crop coefficients. Until recently, the modeling of reference ET has been solely based on important weather variables collected from weather stations that are generally located in selected agro-climatic locations. Since 2001, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) has been producing six-hourly climate parameter datasets that are used to calculate daily reference ET for the whole globe at 1-degree spatial resolution. The U.S. Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science has been producing daily reference ET (ETo) since 2001, and it has been used on a variety of operational hydrological models for drought and streamflow monitoring all over the world. With the increasing availability of local station-based reference ET estimates, we evaluated the GDAS-based reference ET estimates using data from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS). Daily CIMIS reference ET estimates from 85 stations were compared with GDAS-based reference ET at different spatial and temporal scales using five-year daily data from 2002 through 2006. Despite the large difference in spatial scale (point </span><i>vs</i><span>. ∼100&nbsp;km grid cell) between the two datasets, the correlations between station-based ET and GDAS-ET were very high, exceeding 0.97 on a daily basis to more than 0.99 on time scales of more than 10&nbsp;days. Both the temporal and spatial correspondences in trend/pattern and magnitudes between the two datasets were satisfactory, suggesting the reliability of using GDAS parameter-based reference ET for regional water and energy balance studies in many parts of the world. While the study revealed the potential of GDAS ETo for large-scale hydrological applications, site-specific use of GDAS ETo in complex hydro-climatic regions such as coastal areas and rugged terrain may require the application of bias correction and/or disaggregation of the GDAS ETo using downscaling techniques.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00195.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Verdin, J., Lietzow, R., and Melesse, A.M., 2008, Global daily reference evapotranspiration modeling and evaluation: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 44, no. 4, p. 969-979, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00195.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"979","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00195.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lietzow, R.","contributorId":89648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietzow","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melesse, Assefa M.","contributorId":45044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melesse","given":"Assefa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7003,"text":"Deprtment of Earth & Environmental ECS 339, Florida Interational University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000169,"text":"70000169 - 2008 - Geochemical evidence for hydroclimatic variability over the last 2460 years from Crevice Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000169","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for hydroclimatic variability over the last 2460 years from Crevice Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"A 2460-year-long hydroclimatic record for Crevice Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Montana was constructed from the ??18O values of endogenic carbonates. The ??18O record is compared to the Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index (PHDI) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices, as well as inferred discharge of the Yellowstone River. During the last century, high ??18O values coincide with drought conditions and the warm phase of the PDO index. Low ??18O values coincide with wet years and a negative PDO index. Comparison of tree-ring inferred discharge of the Yellowstone River with the ??18O record over the last 300 years indicates that periods of high discharge (i.e., wet winters with significant snow pack) correspond with low ??18O values. Extrapolating this relationship we infer wet winters and high river discharge for the periods of 1090-1030, 970-870, 670-620, and 500-430 cal years BP. The wet intervals at 670 and 500 cal BP are synchronous with similar events in Banff, Canada and Walker Lake, Nevada. The wet intervals at 970 and 670 cal BP overlap with wet intervals at Walker Lake and major drought events identified in the western Great Basin. These results suggest that the northern border of Yellowstone National Park straddles the boundary between Northern Rocky Mountains and Great Basin climate regimes. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.012","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Stevens, L., and Dean, W., 2008, Geochemical evidence for hydroclimatic variability over the last 2460 years from Crevice Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA: Quaternary International, v. 188, no. 1, p. 139-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.012.","startPage":"139","endPage":"148","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18704,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.012"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, L.R.","contributorId":57581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000466,"text":"70000466 - 2008 - Catchment data for process conceptualization: Simply not enough?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000466","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catchment data for process conceptualization: Simply not enough?","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7068","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Soulsby, C., Neal, C., Laudon, H., Burns, D.A., Merot, P., Bonell, M., Dunn, S., and Tetzlaff, D., 2008, Catchment data for process conceptualization: Simply not enough?: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 12, p. 2057-2061, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7068.","startPage":"2057","endPage":"2061","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18884,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7068"},{"id":203741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6fb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soulsby, C.","contributorId":40713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulsby","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, C.","contributorId":89269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laudon, H.","contributorId":82444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laudon","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merot, P.","contributorId":29115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merot","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonell, M.","contributorId":82041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonell","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dunn, S.M.","contributorId":93177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tetzlaff, D.","contributorId":106622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tetzlaff","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70000468,"text":"70000468 - 2008 - Reactive flow models of the Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Red Dog district, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000468","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive flow models of the Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Red Dog district, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Red Dog ore deposit district in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska is host to several high-grade, shale-hosted Zn + Pb deposits. Due to the complex history and deformation of these ore deposits, the geological and hydrological conditions at the time of formation are poorly understood. Using geological observations and fluid inclusion data as constraints, numerical heat and fluid flow simulations of the Anarraaq ore deposit environment and coupled reactive flow simulations of a section of the ore body were conducted to gain more insight into the conditions of ore body formation. Results suggest that the ore body and associated base metal zonation may have formed by the mixing of oxidized, saline, metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids (<200??C) with reducing, HS-rich pore fluids within radiolarite-rich host rocks. Sphalerite and galena concentrations and base metal sulfide distribution are primarily controlled by the nature of the pore fluids, i.e., the extent and duration of the HS- source. Forward modeling results also predict the distribution of pyrite and quartz in agreement with field observations and indicate a reaction front moving from the initial mixing interface into the radiolarite rocks. Heuristic mass calculations suggest that ore grades and base metal accumulation comparable to those found in the field (18% Zn, 5% Pb) are predicted to be reached after about 0.3 My for initial conditions (30 ppm Zn, 3 ppm Pb; 20% deposition efficiency). ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-008-0193-3","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Schardt, C., Garven, G., Kelley, K., and Leach, D.L., 2008, Reactive flow models of the Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Red Dog district, Alaska: Mineralium Deposita, v. 43, no. 7, p. 735-757, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0193-3.","startPage":"735","endPage":"757","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18885,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0193-3"},{"id":203464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68438c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schardt, C.","contributorId":61935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schardt","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garven, G.","contributorId":34632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garven","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000465,"text":"70000465 - 2008 - The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000465","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments","docAbstract":"Two-component hydrograph separation was performed on 19 low-to-moderate intensity rainfall events in a 4.1-km2 urban watershed to infer the relative and absolute contribution of surface runoff (e.g. new water) to stormflow generation between 2001 and 2003. The electrical conductivity (EC) of water was used as a continuous and inexpensive tracer, with order of magnitude differences in precipitation (12-46 ??S/cm) and pre-event streamwater EC values (520-1297 ??S/cm). While new water accounted for most of the increased discharge during storms (61-117%), the contribution of new water to total discharge during events was typically lower (18-78%) and negatively correlated with antecedent stream discharge (r2 = 0??55, p < 0??01). The amount of new water was positively correlated with total rainfall (r2 = 0??77), but hydrograph separation results suggest that less than half (9-46%) of the total rainfall on impervious surfaces is rapidly routed to the stream channel as new water. Comparison of hydrograph separation results using non-conservative tracers (EC and Si) and a conservative isotopic tracer (??D) for two events showed similar results and highlighted the potential application of EC as an inexpensive, high frequency tracer for hydrograph separation studies in urban catchments. The use of a simple tracer-based approach may help hydrologists and watershed managers to better understand impervious surface runoff, stormflow generation and non-point-source pollutant loading to urban streams. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6786","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., Wollheim, W.M., Feng, X., and Vororsmarty, C., 2008, The application of electrical conductivity as a tracer for hydrograph separation in urban catchments: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 12, p. 1810-1818, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6786.","startPage":"1810","endPage":"1818","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476510,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6786","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":18883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6786"},{"id":203703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66976b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, B.A.","contributorId":81233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wollheim, W. M.","contributorId":10912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feng, X.","contributorId":47506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vororsmarty, C.J.","contributorId":14556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vororsmarty","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000163,"text":"70000163 - 2008 - A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - II) Untreated drinking water sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:09:22","indexId":"70000163","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - II) Untreated drinking water sources","docAbstract":"<p>Numerous studies have shown that a variety of manufactured and natural organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals, steroids, surfactants, flame retardants, fragrances, plasticizers and other chemicals often associated with wastewaters have been detected in the vicinity of municipal wastewater discharges and livestock agricultural facilities. To provide new data and insights about the environmental presence of some of these chemicals in untreated sources of drinking water in the United States targeted sites were sampled and analyzed for 100 analytes with sub-parts per billion detection capabilities. The sites included 25 ground- and 49 surface-water sources of drinking water serving populations ranging from one family to over 8 million people.</p>\n<p>Sixty-three of the 100 targeted chemicals were detected in at least one water sample. Interestingly, in spite of the low detection levels 60% of the 36 pharmaceuticals (including prescription drugs and antibiotics) analyzed were not detected in any water sample. The five most frequently detected chemicals targeted in surface water were: cholesterol (59%, natural sterol), metolachlor (53%, herbicide), cotinine (51%, nicotine metabolite), &beta;-sitosterol (37%, natural plant sterol), and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (27%, caffeine metabolite); and in ground water: tetrachloroethylene (24%, solvent), carbamazepine (20%, pharmaceutical), bisphenol-A (20%, plasticizer), 1,7-dimethylxanthine (16%, caffeine metabolite), and tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (12%, fire retardant). A median of 4 compounds were detected per site indicating that the targeted chemicals generally occur in mixtures (commonly near detection levels) in the environment and likely originate from a variety of animal and human uses and waste sources. These data will help prioritize and determine the need, if any, for future occurrence, fate and transport, and health-effects research for subsets of these chemicals and their degradates most likely to be found in water resources used for drinking water in the United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.021","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M., Kolpin, D., Barnes, K., Furlong, E., Meyer, M.T., Zaugg, S., Barber, L.B., and Thurman, M., 2008, A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - II) Untreated drinking water sources: Science of the Total Environment, v. 402, no. 2-3, p. 201-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.021.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"216","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic 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J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, K.K.","contributorId":99164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thurman, M.E.","contributorId":27176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70000350,"text":"70000350 - 2008 - Distribution and variability of redox zones controlling spatial variability of arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, southeastern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000350","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and variability of redox zones controlling spatial variability of arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, southeastern Arkansas","docAbstract":"Twenty one of 118 irrigation water wells in the shallow (25-30??m thick) Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the Bayou Bartholomew watershed, southeastern Arkansas had arsenic (As) concentrations (< 0.5 to 77????g/L) exceeding 10????g/L. Sediment and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from the sites of the highest, median, and lowest concentrations of As in groundwater in the alluvial aquifers located at Jefferson County, Arkansas. A traditional five-step sequential extraction was performed to differentiate the exchangeable, carbonate, amorphous Fe and Mn oxide, organic, and hot HNO3-leachable fraction of As and other compounds in sediments. The Chao reagent (0.25??M hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 0.25??M HCl) removes amorphous Fe and Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides (present as coatings on grains and amorphous minerals) by reductive dissolution and is a measure of reducible Fe and Mn in sediments. The hot HNO3 extraction removes mostly crystalline metal oxides and all other labile forms of As. Significant total As (20%) is complexed with amorphous Fe and Mn oxides in sediments. Arsenic abundance is not significant in carbonates or organic matter. Significant (40-70????g/kg) exchangeable As is only present at shallow depth (0-1??m below ground surface). Arsenic is positively correlated to Fe extracted by Chao reagent (r = 0.83) and hot HNO3 (r = 0.85). Arsenic extracted by Chao reagent decreases significantly with depth as compared to As extracted by hot HNO3. Fe (II)/Fe (the ratio of Fe concentration in the extracts of Chao reagent and hot HNO3) is positively correlated (r = 0.76) to As extracted from Chao reagent. Although Fe (II)/Fe increases with depth, the relative abundance of reducible Fe decreases noticeably with depth. The amount of reducible Fe, as well as As complexed to amorphous Fe and Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides decreases with depth. Possible explanations for the decrease in reducible Fe and its complexed As with depth include historic flushing of As and Fe from hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) by microbially-mediated reductive dissolution and aging of HFO to crystalline phases. Hydrogeochemical data suggests that the groundwater in the area falls in the mildly reducing (suboxic) to relatively highly reducing (anoxic) zone, and points to reductive dissolution of HFO as the dominant As release mechanism. Spatial variability of gypsum solubility and simultaneous SO42- reduction with co-precipitation of As and sulfide is an important limiting process controlling the concentration of As in groundwater in the area. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.03.001","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Sharif, M., Davis, R., Steele, K., Kim, B., Hays, P., Kresse, T., and Fazio, J., 2008, Distribution and variability of redox zones controlling spatial variability of arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, southeastern Arkansas: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 99, no. 1-4, p. 49-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.03.001.","startPage":"49","endPage":"67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18811,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.03.001"},{"id":203526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharif, M.U.","contributorId":106243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharif","given":"M.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R.K.","contributorId":85307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, K.F.","contributorId":50270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, B.","contributorId":93173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hays, P.D.","contributorId":64682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kresse, T.M.","contributorId":107019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fazio, J.A.","contributorId":63135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fazio","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70000343,"text":"70000343 - 2008 - Landscape pattern of seed banks and anthropogenic impacts in forested wetlands of the northern Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000343","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1474,"text":"Écoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape pattern of seed banks and anthropogenic impacts in forested wetlands of the northern Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"Agricultural development on floodplains contributes to hydrologic alteration and forest fragmentation, which may alter landscape-level processes. These changes may be related to shifts in the seed bank composition of floodplain wetlands. We examined the patterns of seed bank composition across a floodplain watershed by looking at the number of seeds germinating per m2 by species in 60 farmed and intact forested wetlands along the Cache River watershed in Illinois. The seed bank composition was compared above and below a water diversion (position), which artificially subdivides the watershed. Position of these wetlands represented the most variability of Axis I in a Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) analysis of site environmental variables and their relationship to seed bank composition (coefficient of determination for Axis 1: r2 = 0.376; Pearson correlation of position to Axis 1: r = 0.223). The 3 primary axes were also represented by other site environmental variables, including farming status (farmed or unfarmed), distance from the mouth of the river, latitude, and longitude. Spatial analysis based on Mantel correlograms showed that both water-dispersed and wind/water-dispersed seed assemblages had strong spatial structure in the upper Cache (above the water diversion), bur the spatial structure of water-dispersed seed assemblage was diminished in the lower Cache (below the water diversion), which lost floodpulsing. Bearing analysis also Suggested that water-dispersal process had a stronger influence on the overall spatial pattern of seed assemblage in the upper Cache, while wind/water-dispersal process had a stronger influence in the lower Cache. An analysis of the landscapes along the river showed that the mid-lower Cache (below the water diversion) had undergone greater land cover changes associated with agriculture than did the upper Cache watershed. Thus, the combination of forest fragmentation and hydrologic changes in the surrounding landscape may have had an influence on the seed bank composition and spatial distribution of the seed banks of the Cache River watershed. Our study suggests that the spatial pattern of seed bank composition may be influenced by landscape-level factors and processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2980/15-2-2882","issn":"11956860","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., and Wu, X., 2008, Landscape pattern of seed banks and anthropogenic impacts in forested wetlands of the northern Mississippi River Alluvial Valley: Écoscience, v. 15, no. 2, p. 231-240, https://doi.org/10.2980/15-2-2882.","startPage":"231","endPage":"240","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18806,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2980/15-2-2882"},{"id":203783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab8e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":29939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":345503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, X.B.","contributorId":50640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"X.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70000340,"text":"70000340 - 2008 - Utilization of protein expression profiles as indicators of environmental impairment of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from the Shenandoah River, Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:56:58","indexId":"70000340","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:22","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utilization of protein expression profiles as indicators of environmental impairment of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from the Shenandoah River, Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The Shenandoah River (VA, USA), the largest tributary of the Potomac River (MD, USA) and an important source of drinking water, has been the site of extensive fish kills since 2004. Previous investigations indicate environmental stressors may be adversely modulating the immune system of smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>) and other species. Anterior kidney (AK) tissue, the major site of blood cell production in fish, was collected from smallmouth bass at three sites along the Shenandoah River. The tissue was divided for immune function and proteomics analyses. Bactericidal activity and respiratory burst were significantly different between North Fork and mainstem Shenandoah River smallmouth bass, whereas South Fork AK tissue did not significantly differ in either of these measures compared with the other sites. Cytotoxic cell activity was highest among South Fork and lowest among North Fork AK leukocytes. The composite two‐dimension gels of the North Fork and mainstem smallmouth bass AK tissues contained 584 and 591 spots, respectively. South Fork smallmouth bass AK expressed only 335 proteins. Nineteen of 50 proteins analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight were successfully identified. Three of the four identified proteins with increased expression in South Fork AK tissue were involved in metabolism. Seven proteins exclusive to mainstem and North Fork smallmouth bass AK and expressed at comparable abundances serve immune and stress response functions. The proteomics data indicate these fish differ in metabolic capacity of AK tissue and in the ability to produce functional leukocytes. The variable responses of the immune function assays further indicate disruption to the immune system. Our results allow us to hypothesize underlying physiological changes that may relate to fish kills and suggest relevant contaminants known to produce similar physiological disruption.</p></div></div>","language":"English","doi":"10.1897/07-588.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Ripley, J., Iwanowicz, L., Blazer, V., and Foran, C., 2008, Utilization of protein expression profiles as indicators of environmental impairment of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from the Shenandoah River, Virginia, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1756-1767, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-588.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1756","endPage":"1767","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-588.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah River","volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602d43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ripley, J.","contributorId":10138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripley","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, L.","contributorId":101783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":6799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foran, C.","contributorId":81231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foran","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000524,"text":"70000524 - 2008 - Method for estimating spatially variable seepage loss and hydraulic conductivity in intermittent and ephemeral streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:57:18","indexId":"70000524","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method for estimating spatially variable seepage loss and hydraulic conductivity in intermittent and ephemeral streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method is presented for estimating seepage loss and streambed hydraulic conductivity along intermittent and ephemeral streams using streamflow front velocities in initially dry channels. The method uses the kinematic wave equation for routing streamflow in channels coupled to Philip's equation for infiltration. The coupled model considers variations in seepage loss both across and along the channel. Water redistribution in the unsaturated zone is also represented in the model. Sensitivity of the streamflow front velocity to parameters used for calculating seepage loss and for routing streamflow shows that the streambed hydraulic conductivity has the greatest sensitivity for moderate to large seepage loss rates. Channel roughness, geometry, and slope are most important for low seepage loss rates; however, streambed hydraulic conductivity is still important for values greater than 0.008 m/d. Two example applications are presented to demonstrate the utility of the method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006626","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R., Prudic, D.E., Fogg, G., Stonestrom, D.A., and Buckland, E., 2008, Method for estimating spatially variable seepage loss and hydraulic conductivity in intermittent and ephemeral streams: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 5, W05418; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006626.","productDescription":"W05418; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, R.G.","contributorId":103393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fogg, G.E.","contributorId":58379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buckland, E.M.","contributorId":35047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckland","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70000500,"text":"70000500 - 2008 - Climate-induced variations of geyser periodicity in Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-21T10:44:55","indexId":"70000500","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate-induced variations of geyser periodicity in Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The geysers of Yellowstone National Park, United States, attract millions of visitors each year, and their eruption dynamics have been the subject of extensive research for more than a century. Although many of the fundamental aspects associated with the dynamics of geyser eruptions have been elucidated, the relationship between external forcing (Earth tides, barometric pressure, and precipitation) and geyser eruption intervals (GEIs) remains a matter of ongoing debate. We present new instrumental GEI data and demonstrate, through detailed time-series analysis, that geysers respond to both long-term precipitation trends and to the seasonal hydrologic cycle. Responsiveness to long-term trends is reflected by a negative correlation between the annual averages of GEIs and stream flow in the Madison River. This response is probably associated with long-term pressure changes in the underlying hydrothermal reservoir. We relate seasonal GEI lengthening to snowmelt recharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G24723A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Kumar, A., Taylor, R., and Heasler, H., 2008, Climate-induced variations of geyser periodicity in Yellowstone National Park, USA: Geology, v. 36, no. 6, p. 451-454, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24723A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"454","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G24723A.1"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de19c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, Ashish","contributorId":92033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Ashish","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":346066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Ralph","contributorId":53073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heasler, Henry","contributorId":62683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000489,"text":"70000489 - 2008 - Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000489","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon","docAbstract":"During the last several thousand years the semi-arid, cold climate of the Russian steppe formed highly fertile soils rich in organic carbon and calcium (classified as Chernozems in the Russian system). Analysis of archived soil samples collected in Kemannaya Steppe Preserve in 1920, 1947, 1970, and fresh samples collected in 1998 indicated that the native steppe Chernozems, however, lost 17-28 kg m-2 of calcium in the form of carbonates in 1970-1998. Here we demonstrate that the loss of calcium was caused by fundamental shift in the steppe hydrologic balance. Previously unleached soils where precipitation was less than potential evapotranspiration are now being leached due to increased precipitation and, possibly, due to decreased actual evapotranspiration. Because this region receives low levels of acidic deposition, the dissolution of carbonates involves the consumption of atmospheric CO2. Our estimates indicate that this climatically driven terrestrial sink of atmospheric CO2 is ???2.1-7.4 g C m-2 a-1. In addition to the net sink of atmospheric carbon, leaching of pedogenic carbonates significantly amplified seasonal amplitude of CO2 exchange between atmosphere and steppe soil. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GB003077","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Lapenis, A., Lawrence, G., Bailey, S., Aparin, B., Shiklomanov, A., Speranskaya, N., Torn, M., and Calef, M., 2008, Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 22, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003077.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003077"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapenis, A.G.","contributorId":85701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapenis","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, S.W.","contributorId":29113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aparin, B.F.","contributorId":24899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aparin","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shiklomanov, A.I.","contributorId":66394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiklomanov","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Speranskaya, N.A.","contributorId":65972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speranskaya","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Torn, M.S.","contributorId":35051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torn","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Calef, M.","contributorId":82443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calef","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70000487,"text":"70000487 - 2008 - A reference data set of hillslope rainfall-runoff response, Panola Mountain Research Watershed, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:36","indexId":"70000487","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reference data set of hillslope rainfall-runoff response, Panola Mountain Research Watershed, United States","docAbstract":"Although many hillslope hydrologic investigations have been conducted in different climate, topographic, and geologic settings, subsurface stormflow remains a poorly characterized runoff process. Few, if any, of the existing data sets from these hillslope investigations are available for use by the scientific community for model development and validation or conceptualization of subsurface stormflow. We present a high-resolution spatial and temporal rainfall-runoff data set generated from the Panola Mountain Research Watershed trenched experimental hillslope. The data set includes surface and subsurface (bedrock surface) topographic information and time series of lateral subsurface flow at the trench, rainfall, and subsurface moisture content (distributed soil moisture content and groundwater levels) from January to June 2002. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006299","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Tromp-van, M.H., James, A., McDonnell, J.J., and Peters, N., 2008, A reference data set of hillslope rainfall-runoff response, Panola Mountain Research Watershed, United States: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006299.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476543,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006299","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18899,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006299"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a848b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tromp-van, Meerveld H. J. H. J.","contributorId":54710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tromp-van","given":"Meerveld","suffix":"H. J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, A.L.","contributorId":40710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70000520,"text":"70000520 - 2008 - Hydrocarbon lakes on Titan: Distribution and interaction with a porous regolith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T16:39:34","indexId":"70000520","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:21","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrocarbon lakes on Titan: Distribution and interaction with a porous regolith","docAbstract":"<p><span>Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of Titan's north polar region reveal quasi‐circular to complex features which are interpreted to be liquid hydrocarbon lakes. We investigate methane transport in Titan's hydrologic cycle using the global distribution of lake features. As of May 2007, the SAR data set covers ∼22% of the surface and indicates multiple lake morphologies which are correlated across the polar region. Lakes are limited to latitudes above 55°N and vary from &lt;10 to more than 100,000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. The size and location of lakes provide constraints on parameters associated with subsurface transport. Using porous media properties inferred from Huygens probe observations, timescales for flow into and out of observed lakes are shown to be in the tens of years, similar to seasonal cycles. Derived timescales are compared to the time between collocated SAR observations in order to consider the role of subsurface transport in Titan's hydrologic cycle.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2008GL033409","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hayes, A., Aharonson, O., Callahan, P., Elachi, C., Gim, Y., Kirk, R.L., Lewis, K., Lopes, R., Lorenz, R., Lunine, J., Mitchell, K., Mitri, G., Stofan, E., and Wall, S., 2008, Hydrocarbon lakes on Titan: Distribution and interaction with a porous regolith: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 35, no. 9, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033409.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl033409","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"35","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db6292fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, A.","contributorId":26415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aharonson, O.","contributorId":105030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aharonson","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callahan, P.","contributorId":22889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elachi, C.","contributorId":104606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gim, Y.","contributorId":14934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gim","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lewis, K.","contributorId":74861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lopes, R.","contributorId":61554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lorenz, R.","contributorId":49503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lunine, J.","contributorId":42335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mitchell, Ken","contributorId":8211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mitri, Giuseppe","contributorId":35052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitri","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stofan, E.","contributorId":99268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stofan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wall, S.","contributorId":103774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70000441,"text":"70000441 - 2008 - Deep drilling into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000441","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:20","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep drilling into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure","docAbstract":"Samples from a 1.76-kilometer-deep corehole drilled near the center of the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure (Virginia, USA) reveal its geologic, hydrologic, and biologic history. We conducted stratigraphic and petrologic analyses of the cores to elucidate the timing and results of impact-melt creation and distribution, transient-cavity collapse, and ocean-water resurge. Comparison of post-impact sedimentary sequences inside and outside the structure indicates that compaction of the crater fill influenced long-term sedimentation patterns in the mid-Atlantic region. Salty connate water of the target remains in the crater fill today, where it poses a potential threat to the regional groundwater resource. Observed depth variations in microbial abundance indicate a complex history of impact-related thermal sterilization and habitat modification, and subsequent post-impact repopulation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1158708","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Gohn, G.S., Koeberl, C., Miller, K., Reimold, W., Browning, J., Cockell, C., Horton, J.W., Kenkmann, T., Kulpecz, A., Powars, D., Sanford, W., and Voytek, M., 2008, Deep drilling into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Science, v. 320, no. 5884, p. 1740-1745, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1158708.","startPage":"1740","endPage":"1745","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18861,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1158708"},{"id":203762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"320","issue":"5884","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gohn, G. S.","contributorId":25937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koeberl, C.","contributorId":79214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koeberl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, K.G.","contributorId":18094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reimold, W.U.","contributorId":103401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimold","given":"W.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Browning, J.V.","contributorId":18889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cockell, C.S.","contributorId":66830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockell","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":81184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kenkmann, T.","contributorId":55135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenkmann","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kulpecz, A.A.","contributorId":46672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulpecz","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Powars, D.S.","contributorId":7303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
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