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","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Association of Canada","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.L., Colpron, M., Piercey, S., Dusel-Bacon, C., Murphy, D., and Roots, C., 2006, Paleozoic tectonic and metallogenic evolution of the pericratonic rocks of east-central Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory: Special Paper - Geological Association of Canada, v. 45, p. 25-74.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":370459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sjpgeoconsulting.com/SJPGeoConsulting/Publications.html"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Territory ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.599609375,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 61.10078883158897\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 59.7563950493563\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 64.69910544204765\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 68.5924865825295\n ],\n [\n -154.599609375,\n 68.5924865825295\n ],\n [\n -154.599609375,\n 61.10078883158897\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, JoAnne L.","contributorId":221362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"JoAnne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colpron, Maurice","contributorId":221363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colpron","given":"Maurice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piercey, Stephen","contributorId":221364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piercey","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, Donald","contributorId":221365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roots, Charlie","contributorId":221366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roots","given":"Charlie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70129678,"text":"70129678 - 2006 - Sri Lanka field survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T15:27:23","indexId":"70129678","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T15:23:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sri Lanka field survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami","docAbstract":"An International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST) consisting of scientists from the United States, New Zealand, and Sri Lanka evaluated the impacts of the 26 December 2004 transoceanic tsunami in Sri Lanka two weeks after the event. Tsunami runup height, inundation distance, morphological changes, and sedimentary characteristics of deposits were recorded and analyzed along the southwest and east coasts of the country. Preliminary results show how local topography and bathymetry controlled the limits of inundation and associated damage to the infrastructure. The largest wave height of 8.71 m was recorded at Nonagama, while the greatest inundation distance of 390 m and runup height of 12.50 m was at Yala. At some sites, human alterations to the landscape increased the damage caused by the tsunami; this was particularly evident in areas of coral poaching and of sand dune removal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/1.2205897","usgsCitation":"Goff, J., Liu, P.L., Higman, B., Morton, R., Jaffe, B.E., Fernando, H., Lynett, P., Fritz, H., Synolakis, C., and Fernando, S., 2006, Sri Lanka field survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: Earthquake Spectra, v. 22, no. S3, p. 155-172, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2205897.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295748,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2205897"}],"country":"Sri Lanka","volume":"22","issue":"S3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a30e4b03653c63fb1e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goff, James","contributorId":87476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Philip L-F.","contributorId":16338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"L-F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higman, Bretwood","contributorId":18696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higman","given":"Bretwood","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morton, Robert","contributorId":85108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fernando, Haindra","contributorId":81431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernando","given":"Haindra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lynett, Patrick","contributorId":24298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynett","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fritz, Hermann","contributorId":106040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"Hermann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Synolakis, Costas","contributorId":46026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Synolakis","given":"Costas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Fernando, Starin","contributorId":19892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernando","given":"Starin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70242736,"text":"70242736 - 2006 - A field guide to the central, creeping section of the San Andreas fault and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-14T15:29:45.711273","indexId":"70242736","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T10:21:43","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A field guide to the central, creeping section of the San Andreas fault and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth","docAbstract":"This field trip is along the central section of the San Andreas fault and consists of eight stops that illustrate surface evidence of faulting, in general, and features associated with active fault creep, in particular. Fault creep is slippage along a fault that occurs either in association with small-magnitude earthquakes or without any associated large-magnitude earthquakes. Another aspect of the trip is to highlight where there are multiple fault traces along this section of the San Andreas fault zone in order to gain a better understanding of plate-boundary processes.
The first stop is along the Calaveras fault, part of the San Andreas fault system, at a location where evidence of active fault creep is abundant and readily accessible. The stops that follow are along the San Andreas fault and at convenient locations to present and discuss rock types juxtaposed across the fault that have been transported tens to hundreds of kilometers by right-lateral motion along the San Andreas fault. Stops 6 and 7 are examples of recent studies of different aspects of the fault: drilling into the fault at the depth of repeating magnitude (M) 2 earthquakes with the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) and the geological, geophysical, and seismological study of M 6 earthquakes near the town of Parkfield.
Along with the eight official stops on this field trip are 12 “rolling stops”—sites of geologic interest that add to the understanding of features and processes in the creeping section of the fault. Many of the rolling stops are located where stopping is difficult to dangerous; some of these sites are not appropriate for large vehicles (buses) or groups; some sites are not appropriate for people at all. We include photographs of or from many of these sites to add to the reader's experience without adding too many stops or hazards to the trip.
An extensive set of literature is available for those interested in the San Andreas fault or in the creeping section, in particular. For more scientifically oriented overviews of the fault, see Wallace (1990) and Irwin (1990); for a more generalized overview with abundant, colorful illustrations, see Collier (1999). Although the presence of small sections of the San Andreas fault was known before the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake, it was only after that event and subsequent geologic investigations reported in Lawson (1908) that showed the fault as a long structure, extending all the way from east of Los Angeles into northern California. Prentice (1999) described the importance of the 1908 “Lawson report” and how it pivotally influenced the understanding of the San Andreas. Hill (1981) presented a wonderful introduction to the evolution of thought on the San Andreas. Geologic maps and maps of the most recently active fault trace in the creeping section, or large parts of it, include those by Brown (1970), Dibblee (1971, 1980), and Wagner et al. (2002); detailed geologic maps are discussed at various stops in this guide. Various aspects of the creeping section of the San Andreas fault have been the focus of many geologic field trips in the past few decades. Guidebooks for some of those trips include those by Gribi (1963a, 1963b), Brabb et al. (1966), Rogers (1969), Bucknam and Haller (1989), Harden et al. (2001), and Stoffer (2005).
Features that we see on this trip include offset street curbs, closed depressions (sag ponds), fault scarps (steep slopes formed by movement along a fault), a split and displaced tree, offset fence lines, fresh fractures, and offset road lines (Fig. 3 is a sketch showing some of the landforms that represent deformation by an active fault). We also see evidence of long-term maturity of the San Andreas fault, as indicated by fault features and displaced rock types (Fig. 4). Finally, we will visit sites of ongoing research into the processes associated with earthquakes and their effects. Discussions include drilling into the San Andreas fault at the SAFOD drill site and the 2004 Parkfield earthquake and its effects and implications.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1906 San Francisco earthquake centennial field guides: Field trips associated with the 100th Anniversary Conference, 18–23 April 2006, San Francisco, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2006.1906SF(16)","usgsCitation":"Rymer, M.J., Hickman, S.H., and Stoffer, P.W., 2006, A field guide to the central, creeping section of the San Andreas fault and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth, chap. of 1906 San Francisco earthquake centennial field guides: Field trips associated with the 100th Anniversary Conference, 18–23 April 2006, San Francisco, California, p. 237-272, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.1906SF(16).","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"272","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault, San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.35810891331525,\n 37.76715362000978\n ],\n [\n -122.40813404443662,\n 37.813275268693474\n ],\n [\n -122.54153439409339,\n 37.78033417141583\n ],\n [\n -122.49150926297227,\n 37.46004402856923\n ],\n [\n -122.0246080391732,\n 37.0951614968714\n ],\n [\n -121.31591868162144,\n 36.29965434878892\n ],\n [\n -120.127820894817,\n 34.540023683554566\n ],\n [\n -118.78131646750728,\n 34.347499825556696\n ],\n [\n -118.35193409204919,\n 35.2784367153961\n ],\n [\n -120.08196532279183,\n 36.67837390563146\n ],\n [\n -121.16584316375358,\n 37.350759538787486\n ],\n [\n -122.02460768331625,\n 37.97118362132461\n ],\n [\n -122.54987156009011,\n 38.194312953785726\n ],\n [\n -122.77915341106268,\n 38.06642498892364\n ],\n [\n -122.56237784287026,\n 37.8363209475297\n ],\n [\n -122.35810891331525,\n 37.76715362000978\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Prentice, Carol S. 0000-0003-3732-3551 cprentice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3551","contributorId":2676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"Carol","email":"cprentice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869577,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scotchmoor, Judith G.","contributorId":304052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scotchmoor","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869578,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moores, Eldridge M.","contributorId":304053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moores","given":"Eldridge","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869579,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiland, Jon P.","contributorId":304054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiland","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869580,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoffer, Philip W.","contributorId":32559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029443,"text":"70029443 - 2006 - Unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1978-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T13:28:39","indexId":"70029443","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1978-2004","docAbstract":"Long Valley Caldera and the Mono-Inyo Domes volcanic field in eastern California lie in a left-stepping offset along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada, at the northern end of the Owens Valley and the western margin of the Basin and Range Province. Over the last 4 Ma, this volcanic field has produced multiple volcanic eruptions, including the caldera-forming eruption at 760 000 a BP and the recent Mono-Inyo Domes eruptions 500–660 a BP and 250 a BP. Beginning in the late 1970s, the caldera entered a sustained period of unrest that persisted through the end of the century without culminating in an eruption. The unrest has included recurring earthquake swarms; tumescence of the resurgent dome by nearly 80 cm; the onset of diffuse magmatic carbon dioxide emissions around the flanks of Mammoth Mountain on the southwest margin of the caldera; and other indicators of magma transport at mid- to upper-crustal depths. Although we have made substantial progress in understanding the processes driving this unrest, many key questions remain, including the distribution, size, and relation between magma bodies within the mid-to-upper crust beneath the caldera, Mammoth Mountain, and the Inyo Mono volcanic chain, and how these magma bodies are connected to the roots of the magmatic system in the lower crust or upper mantle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.269.01.02","issn":"03058719","isbn":"1862392110; 9781862392113","usgsCitation":"Hill, D.P., 2006, Unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1978-2004: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 269, p. 1-24, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.269.01.02.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"269","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbce1e4b08c986b328e56","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Troise C.De Natale G.Kilburn C.R.J.","contributorId":128437,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Troise C.De Natale G.Kilburn C.R.J.","id":536649,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030695,"text":"70030695 - 2006 - Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:00:24","indexId":"70030695","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben","docAbstract":"A 277-km network of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, supplemented with a sidescan-sonar mosaic of the lake floor, was collected in Bear Lake, Utah–Idaho, in order to explore the sedimentary framework of the lake's paleoclimate record. The acoustic stratigraphy is tied to a 120 m deep, continuously cored drill hole in the lake. Based on the age model for the drill core, the oldest continuously mapped acoustic reflector in the data set has an age of about 100 ka, although older sediments were locally imaged.
\nThe acoustic stratigraphy of the sediments below the lake indicates that the basin developed primarily as a simple half-graben, with a steep normal-fault margin on the east and a flexural margin on the west. As expected for a basin controlled by a listric master fault, seismic reflections steepen and diverge toward the fault, bounding eastward-thickening sediment wedges. Secondary normal faults west of the master fault were imaged beneath the lake and many of these faults show progressively increasing offset with depth and age. Several faults cut the youngest sediments in the lake as well as the modern lake floor. The relative simplicity of the sedimentary sequence is interrupted in the northwestern part of the basin by a unit that is interpreted as a large (4 × 10 km) paleodelta of the Bear River. The delta overlies a horizon with an age of about 97 ka, outcrops at the lake floor and is onlapped by much of the uppermost sequence of lake sediments. A feature interpreted as a wave-cut bench occurs in many places on the western side of the lake. The base of this bench occurs at a depth (22–24 m) similar to that (20–25 m) of the distal surface of the paleodelta.
\nPinch-outs of sedimentary units are common in relatively shallow water on the gentle western margin of the basin and little Holocene sediment has accumulated in water depths of less than 30 m. On the steep eastern margin of the basin, sediments commonly onlap the hanging wall of the East Bear Lake Fault. However, no major erosional or depositional features suggestive of shoreline processes were observed on acoustic profiles in water deeper than about 20–25 m.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.022","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., 2006, Acoustic stratigraphy of Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: late Quaternary sedimentation patterns in a simple half-graben: Sedimentary Geology, v. 185, no. 1-2, p. 113-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.022.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211764,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bear Lake","volume":"185","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a0e4b0c8380cd47545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016051,"text":"1016051 - 2006 - Effects of historical climate change, habitat connectivity, and vicariance on genetic structure and diversity across the range of the Red Tree Vole (Phenacomys longicaudus) in the Pacific Northwest United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1016051","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of historical climate change, habitat connectivity, and vicariance on genetic structure and diversity across the range of the Red Tree Vole (Phenacomys longicaudus) in the Pacific Northwest United States","docAbstract":"Phylogeographical analyses conducted in the Pacific Northwestern United States have often revealed concordant patterns of genetic diversity among taxa. These studies demonstrate distinct North/South genetic discontinuities that have been attributed to Pleistocene glaciation. We examined phylogeographical patterns of red tree voles (Phenacomys longicaudus) in western Oregon by analysing mitochondrial control region sequences for 169 individuals from 18 areas across the species' range. Cytochrome b sequences were also analysed from a subset of our samples to confirm the presence of major haplotype groups. Phylogenetic network analyses suggested the presence of two haplotype groups corresponding to northern and southern regions of P. longicaudus' range. Spatial genetic analyses (samova and Genetic Landscape Shapes) of control region sequences demonstrated a primary genetic discontinuity separating northern and southern sampling areas, while a secondary discontinuity separated northern sampling areas into eastern and western groups divided by the Willamette Valley. The North/South discontinuity likely corresponds to a region of secondary contact between lineages rather than an overt barrier. Although the Cordilleran ice sheet (maximum a??12 000 years ago) did not move southward to directly affect the region occupied by P. longicaudus, climate change during glaciation fragmented the forest landscape that it inhabits. Signatures of historical fragmentation were reflected by positive associations between latitude and variables such as Tajima's D and patterns associated with location-specific alleles. Genetic distances between southern sampling areas were smaller, suggesting that forest fragmentation was reduced in southern vs. northern regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Bellinger, R., Forsman, E., and Haig, S.M., 2006, Effects of historical climate change, habitat connectivity, and vicariance on genetic structure and diversity across the range of the Red Tree Vole (Phenacomys longicaudus) in the Pacific Northwest United States: Molecular Ecology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 145-159.","productDescription":"p. 145-159","startPage":"145","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6881ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellinger, R.M.","contributorId":11577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellinger","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031176,"text":"70031176 - 2006 - Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T21:45:01.845269","indexId":"70031176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","docAbstract":"Rainy Lake, Minnesota-Ontario, contains a native population of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) that has gone largely unstudied. The objective of this descriptive study was to summarize generalized Lake Sturgeon movement patterns through the use of biotelemetry. Telemetry data reinforced the high utilization of the Squirrel Falls geographic location by Lake Sturgeon, with 37% of the re-locations occurring in that area. Other spring aggregations occurred in areas associated with Kettle Falls, the Pipestone River, and the Rat River, which could indicate spawning activity. Movement of Lake Sturgeon between the Seine River and the South Arm of Rainy Lake indicates the likelihood of one integrated population on the east end of the South Arm. The lack of re-locations in the Seine River during the months of September and October may have been due to Lake Sturgeon moving into deeper water areas of the Seine River and out of the range of radio telemetry gear or simply moving back into the South Arm. Due to the movements between Minnesota and Ontario, coordination of management efforts among provincial, state, and federal agencies will be important.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Adams, W., Kallemeyn, L., and Willis, D., 2006, Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 120, no. 1, p. 71-82, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Rainy Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.7957763671875,\n 48.17707562779612\n ],\n [\n -93.40576171875,\n 48.17707562779612\n ],\n [\n -93.40576171875,\n 48.50204750525715\n ],\n [\n -93.7957763671875,\n 48.50204750525715\n ],\n [\n -93.7957763671875,\n 48.17707562779612\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4154e4b0c8380cd65495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":23489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kallemeyn, L.W.","contributorId":44864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallemeyn","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031055,"text":"70031055 - 2006 - Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T10:07:35","indexId":"70031055","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the mechanism of long-term, steady subsidence at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, from GPS, leveling, and InSAR","docAbstract":"Leveling surveys across Medicine Lake volcano (MLV) have documented subsidence that is centered on the summit caldera and decays symmetrically on the flanks of the edifice. Possible mechanisms for this deformation include fluid withdrawal from a subsurface reservoir, cooling/crystallization of subsurface magma, loading by the volcano and dense intrusions, and crustal thinning due to tectonic extension (Dzurisin et al., 1991 [Dzurisin, D., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Evans, J.R., Walter, S.R., 1991. Crustal subsidence, seismicity, and structure near Medicine Lake Volcano, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 16, 319-16, 333.]; Dzurisin et al., 2002 [Dzurisin, D., Poland, M.P., Bürgmann, R., 2002. Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California, revealed by repeated leveling surveys. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, 2372, doi:10.1029/2001JB000893.]). InSAR data that approximate vertical displacements are similar to the leveling results; however, vertical deformation data alone are not sufficient to distinguish between source mechanisms. Horizontal displacements from GPS were collected in the Mt. Shasta/MLV region in 1996, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2004. These results suggest that the region is part of the western Oregon block that is rotating about an Euler pole in eastern Oregon. With this rotation removed, most sites in the network have negligible velocities except for those near MLV caldera. There, measured horizontal velocities are less than predicted from ∼10 km deep point and dislocation sources of volume loss based on the leveling data; therefore volumetric losses simulated by these sources are probably not causing the observed subsidence at MLV. This result demonstrates that elastic models of subsurface volume change can provide misleading results where additional geophysical and geological constraints are unavailable, or if only vertical deformation is known. The deformation source must be capable of causing broad vertical deformation with comparatively smaller horizontal displacements. Thermoelastic contraction of a column of hot rock beneath the volcano cannot reproduce the observed ratio of vertical to horizontal surface displacements. Models that determine deformation due to loading by the volcano and dense intrusions can be made to fit the pattern of vertical displacements by assuming a weak upper crust beneath MLV, though the subsidence rates due to surface loading must be lower than the observed displacements. Tectonic extension is almost certainly occurring based on fault orientations and focal mechanisms, but does not appear to be a major contributor to the observed deformation. We favor a model that includes a combination of sources, including extension and loading of a hot weak crust with thermal contraction of a cooling mass of rock beneath MLV, which are processes that are probably occurring at MLV. Future microgravity surveys and the planned deployment of an array of continuous GPS stations as part of a Plate Boundary Observatory volcano cluster will help to refine this model.
The movement of the lithosphere over a stationary mantle magmatic source, often thought to be a mantle plume, explains key features of the 16 Ma Yellowstone–Snake River Plain volcanic system. However, the seismic signature of a Yellowstone plume has remained elusive because of the lack of adequate data. We employ new teleseismic P and S wave traveltime data to develop tomographic images of the Yellowstone hot spot upper mantle. The teleseismic data were recorded with two temporary seismograph arrays deployed in a 500 km by 600 km area centered on Yellowstone. Additional data from nearby regional seismic networks were incorporated into the data set. The VP and VS models reveal a strong low-velocity anomaly from ∼50 to 200 km directly beneath the Yellowstone caldera and eastern Snake River Plain, as has been imaged in previous studies. Peak anomalies are −2.3% for VP and −5.5% for VS. A weaker, anomaly with a velocity perturbation of up to −1.0% VP and −2.5% VS continues to at least 400 km depth. This anomaly dips 30° from vertical, west-northwest to a location beneath the northern Rocky Mountains. We interpret the low-velocity body as a plume of upwelling hot, and possibly wet rock, from the mantle transition zone that promotes small-scale convection in the upper ∼200 km of the mantle and long-lived volcanism. A high-velocity anomaly, 1.2%VP and 1.9% VS, is located at ∼100 to 250 km depth southeast of Yellowstone and may represent a downwelling of colder, denser mantle material.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003867","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Waite, G.P., Smith, R.B., and Allen, R.M., 2006, VP and VS structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from teleseismic tomography: Evidence for an upper mantle plume: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 4, B04303; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003867.","productDescription":"B04303; 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003867","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0f1e4b08c986b32a3ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Gregory P.","contributorId":146613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waite","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16203,"text":"Michigan Technological university","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Robert B.","contributorId":90824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Richard M.","contributorId":139575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030605,"text":"70030605 - 2006 - Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T10:19:29","indexId":"70030605","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history","docAbstract":"Submarine alkalic and transitional basalts collected by submersible along Kilauea volcano's south flank represent early eruptive products from Earth's most active volcano. Strongly alkalic basalt fragments sampled from volcaniclastic deposits below the mid-slope Hilina Bench yield 40Ar/39Ar ages from 212 ± 38 to 280 ± 20 ka. These ages are similar to high-precision 234 ± 9 and 239 ± 10 ka phlogopite ages from nephelinite clasts in the same deposits. Above the mid-slope bench, two intact alkalic to transitional pillow lava sequences protrude through the younger sediment apron. Samples collected from a weakly alkalic basalt section yield 138 ± 30 to 166 ± 26 ka ages and others from a transitional basalt section yield 138 ± 115 and 228 ± 114 ka ages. The ages are incompatible with previous unspiked K–Ar studies from samples in deep drill holes along the east rift of Kilauea. The submarine birth of Kīlauea volcano is estimated at < 300 ka. If the weakly alkalic sequence we dated is representative of the volcano as a whole, the transition from alkalic to tholeiitic basalt compositions is dated at ∼ 150 ka.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.023","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Calvert, A.T., and Lanphere, M.A., 2006, Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 151, no. 1-3, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.023.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaiʻi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.5,\n 19.5\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 18.8\n ],\n [\n -154.5,\n 18.8\n ],\n [\n -154.5,\n 19.5\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 19.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed75e4b0c8380cd4980a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":427820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030600,"text":"70030600 - 2006 - An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030600","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics","docAbstract":"At many subduction zones, accretionary complexes form as sediment is off-scraped from the subducting plate. Mechanical models that treat accretionary complexes as critically tapered wedges of sediment demonstrate that pore pressure controls their taper angle by modifying basal and internal shear strength. Here, we combine a numerical model of groundwater flow with critical taper theory to quantify the effects of sediment and de??collement permeability, sediment thickness, sediment partitioning between accretion and underthrusting, and plate convergence rate on steady state pore pressure. Our results show that pore pressure in accretionary wedges can be viewed as a dynamically maintained response to factors which drive pore pressure (source terms) and those that limit flow (permeability and drainage path length). We find that sediment permeability and incoming sediment thickness are the most important factors, whereas fault permeability and the partitioning of sediment have a small effect. For our base case model scenario, as sediment permeability is increased, pore pressure decreases from near-lithostatic to hydrostatic values and allows stable taper angles to increase from ??? 2.5?? to 8??-12.5??. With increased sediment thickness in our models (from 100 to 8000 m), increased pore pressure drives a decrease in stable taper angle from 8.4??-12.5?? to <2.5-5??. In general, low-permeability and thick incoming sediment sustain high pore pressures consistent with shallowly tapered geometry, whereas high-permeability and thin incoming sediment should result in steep geometry. Our model results compare favorably with available data from active accretionary complexes. Active margins characterized by a significant proportion of fine-grained sediment within the incoming section, such as northern Antilles and eastern Nankai, exhibit thin taper angles, whereas those characterized by a higher proportion of sandy turbidites, such as Cascadia, Chile, and Mexico, have steep taper angles. Observations from active margins also indicate a strong trend of decreasing taper angle (from >15?? to <4??) with increased sediment thickness (from <1 to 7 km). One key implication is that hydrologic properties may strongly influence the strength of the crust in a wide range of geologic settings. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003990","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Saffer, D., and Bekins, B., 2006, An evaluation of factors influencing pore pressure in accretionary complexes: Implications for taper angle and wedge mechanics: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003990.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477417,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211961,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003990"},{"id":239351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea4be4b0c8380cd4876d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saffer, D.M.","contributorId":72945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saffer","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030456,"text":"70030456 - 2006 - State summaries: Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030456","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State summaries: Kentucky","docAbstract":"Kentucky mines coal, limestone, clay, sand and gravel. Coal mining operations are carried out mainly in the Western Kentucky Coal Field and the Eastern Kentucky Coal field. As to nonfuel minerals, Mississippian limestones are mined in the Mississippian Plateaus Region and along Pine Mountain in southeastern Kentucky. Ordovician and Silurian limestones are mined from the central part of the state. Clay minerals that are mined in the state include common clay, ceramic and ball clays, refractory clay and shale. Just like in 2004, mining activities in the state remain significant.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Greb, S., and Anderson, W., 2006, State summaries: Kentucky: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 5, p. 92-95.","startPage":"92","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96d6e4b08c986b31b73d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greb, S.F.","contributorId":48294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, W.H.","contributorId":93420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030306,"text":"70030306 - 2006 - Status of soil acidification in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T10:05:37","indexId":"70030306","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2296,"text":"Journal of Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of soil acidification in North America","docAbstract":"Forest soil acidification and depletion of nutrient cations have been reported for several forested regions in North America, predominantly in the eastern United States, including the northeast and in the central Appalachians, but also in parts of southeastern Canada and the southern U.S. Continuing regional inputs of nitrogen and sulfur are of concern because of leaching of base cations, increased availability of soil Al, and the accumulation and ultimate transmission of acidity from forest soils to streams. Losses of calcium from forest soils and forested watersheds have now been documented as a sensitive early indicator and a functionally significant response to acid deposition for a wide range of forest soils in North America. For red spruce, a clear link has been established between acidic deposition, alterations in calcium and aluminum supplies and increased sensitivity to winter injury. Cation depletion appears to contribute to sugar maple decline on some soils, specifically the high mortality rates observed in northern Pennsylvania over the last decade. While responses to liming have not been systematically examined in North America, in a study in Pennsylvania, restoring basic cations through liming increased basal area growth of sugar maple and levels of calcium and magnesium in soil and foliage. In the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California near the west coast, the pH of the A horizon has declined by at least 2 pH units (to pH 4.0-4.3) over the past 30 years, with no detrimental effects on bole growth; presumably, because of the Mediterranean climate, base cation pools are still high and not limiting for plant growth.
","language":"English, Slovak","issn":"12124834","usgsCitation":"Fenn, M., Huntington, T., Mclaughlin, S., Eagar, C., Gomez, A., and Cook, R., 2006, Status of soil acidification in North America: Journal of Forest Science, v. 52, no. Special Issue, p. 3-13.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.859375,\n 15.453680224345835\n ],\n [\n -125.859375,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -66.62109375,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -66.62109375,\n 15.453680224345835\n ],\n [\n -125.859375,\n 15.453680224345835\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"Special Issue","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b97e5e4b08c986b31bcfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenn, M.E.","contributorId":68686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenn","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mclaughlin, S.B.","contributorId":92051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mclaughlin","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eagar, C.","contributorId":99493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagar","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomez, A.","contributorId":62017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook, R.B.","contributorId":8480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028939,"text":"70028939 - 2006 - Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T11:27:53","indexId":"70028939","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves","docAbstract":"The Monterey East system is formed by large-scale sediment waves deposited as a result of flows stripped from the deeply incised Monterey fan valley (Monterey Channel) at the apex of the Shepard Meander. The system is dissected by a linear series of steps that take the form of scour-shaped depressions ranging from 3·5 to 4·5 km in width, 3 to 6 km in length and from 80 to 200 m in depth. These giant scours are aligned downstream from a breech in the levee on the southern side of the Shepard Meander. The floor of the breech is only 150 m above the floor of the Monterey fan valley but more than 100 m below the levee crests resulting in significant flow stripping. Numerical modeling suggests that the steps in the Monterey East system were created by Froude-supercritical turbidity currents stripped from the main flow in the Monterey channel itself. Froude-supercritical flow over an erodible bed can be subject to an instability that gives rise to the formation of cyclic steps, i.e. trains of upstream-migrating steps bounded upstream and downstream by hydraulic jumps in the flow above them. The flow that creates these steps may be net-erosional or net-depositional. In the former case it gives rise to trains of scours such as those in the Monterey East system, and in the latter case it gives rise to the familiar trains of upstream-migrating sediment waves commonly seen on submarine levees. The Monterey East system provides a unique opportunity to introduce the concept of cyclic steps in the submarine environment to study processes that might result in channel initiation on modern submarine fans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00812.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Fildani, A., Normark, W.R., Kostic, S., and Parker, G., 2006, Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves: Sedimentology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 1265-1287, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00812.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1265","endPage":"1287","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209983,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00812.x"},{"id":236763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f453e4b0c8380cd4bc84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fildani, A.","contributorId":34699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fildani","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kostic, S.","contributorId":98524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostic","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, G.","contributorId":31112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028816,"text":"70028816 - 2006 - Three decades of urbanization: Estimating the impact of land-cover change on stream salamander populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T16:04:36","indexId":"70028816","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three decades of urbanization: Estimating the impact of land-cover change on stream salamander populations","docAbstract":"Urbanization has become the dominant form of landscape disturbance in parts of the United States. Small streams in the Piedmont region of the eastern United States support high densities of salamanders and are often the first habitats to be affected by landscape-altering factors such as urbanization. We used US Geological Survey land cover data from 1972 to 2000 and a relation between stream salamanders and land cover, established from recent research, to estimate the impact of contemporary land-cover change on the abundance of stream salamanders near Davidson, North Carolina, a Piedmont locale that has experienced rapid urbanization during this time. Our analysis indicates that southern two-lined salamander (Eurycea cirrigera) populations have decreased from 32% to 44% while northern dusky salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus) have decreased from 21% to 30% over the last three decades. Our results suggest that the widespread conversion of forest to urban land in small catchments has likely resulted in a substantial decline of populations of stream salamanders and could have serious effects on stream ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.005","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Price, S., Dorcas, M., Gallant, A.L., Klaver, R., and Willson, J., 2006, Three decades of urbanization: Estimating the impact of land-cover change on stream salamander populations: Biological Conservation, v. 133, no. 4, p. 436-441, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.005"}],"volume":"133","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb308e4b08c986b325b3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, S.J.","contributorId":38756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorcas, M.E.","contributorId":34310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorcas","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":23508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaver, R. W. 0000-0002-3263-9701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":50267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willson, J.D.","contributorId":64434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028652,"text":"70028652 - 2006 - Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T16:11:26.832005","indexId":"70028652","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3290,"text":"Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2215-2075","printIssn":"0034-7744","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean?","docAbstract":"An international team of scientists from government agencies and universities in the United States, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), Trinidad & Tobago, the Republic of Cape Verde, and the Republic of Mali (West Africa) is working together to elucidate the role Saharan dust may play in the degradation of Caribbean ecosystems. The first step has been to identify and quantify the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), trace metals, and viable microorganisms in the atmosphere in dust source areas of West Africa, and in dust episodes at downwind sites in the eastern Atlantic (Cape Verde) and the Caribbean (USVI and Trinidad & Tobago). Preliminary findings show that air samples from Mali contain a greater number of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and in higher concentrations than the Caribbean sites. Overall, POP concentrations were similar in USVI and Trinidad samples. Trace metal concentrations were found to be similar to crustal composition with slight enrichment of lead in Mali. To date, hundreds of cultureable micro-organisms have been identified from Mali, Cape Verde, USVI, and Trinidad air samples. The sea fan pathogen, Aspergillus sydowii, has been identified in soil from Mali and in air samples from dust events in the Caribbean. We have shown that air samples from a dust-source region contain orders of magnitude more cultureable micro-organisms per volume than air samples from dust events in the Caribbean, which in turn contain 3-to 4-fold more cultureable microbes than during non-dust conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Universidad de Costa Rica","publisherLocation":"San José, Costa Rica","usgsCitation":"Garrison, V., Foreman, W., Genualdi, S., Griffin, D., Kellogg, C., Majewski, M., Mohammed, A., Ramsubhag, A., Shinn, E., Simonich, S., and Smith, G., 2006, Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean?: Revista de Biología Tropical: International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, v. 54, no. Supplement 3, p. 9-21.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352916,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/26867"}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Sea","volume":"54","issue":"Supplement 3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafc6e4b0c8380cd8779a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genualdi, S.","contributorId":35933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genualdi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kellogg, C.A.","contributorId":13408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Majewski, M.S.","contributorId":88501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mohammed, A.","contributorId":89711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohammed","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ramsubhag, A.","contributorId":85766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsubhag","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Simonich, S.L.","contributorId":99361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonich","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, G.W.","contributorId":6561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028588,"text":"70028588 - 2006 - Aquatic habitats of Canaan Valley, West Virginia: Diversity and environmental threats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028588","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic habitats of Canaan Valley, West Virginia: Diversity and environmental threats","docAbstract":"We conducted surveys of aquatic habitats during the spring and summer of 1995 in Canaan Valley, WV, to describe the diversity of aquatic habitats in the valley and identify issues that may threaten the viability of aquatic species. We assessed physical habitat and water chemistry of 126 ponds and 82 stream sites, and related habitat characteristics to landscape variables such as geology and terrain. Based on our analyses, we found two issues likely to affect the viability of aquatic populations in the valley. The first issue was acid rain and the extent to which it potentially limits the distribution of aquatic and semi-aquatic species, particularly in headwater portions of the watershed. We estimate that nearly 46%, or 56 kilometers of stream, had pH levels that would not support survival and reproduction of Salvelinuw fontinalis (brook trout), one of the most acid-tolerant fishes in the eastern US. The second issue was the influence of Castor canadensis (beaver) activity. In the Canaan Valley State Park portion of the valley, beaver have transformed 4.7 kilometers of stream (approximately 17% of the total) to pond habitat through their dam building. This has resulted in an increase in pond habitat, a decrease in stream habitat, and a fragmented stream network (i.e., beaver ponds dispersed among stream reaches). In addition, beaver have eliminated an undetermined amount of forested riparian area through their foraging activities. Depending on the perspective, beaver-mediated changes can be viewed as positive or negative. Increases in pond habitat may increase habitat heterogeneity with consequent increases in biological diversity. In contrast, flooding associated with beaver activity may eliminate lowland wetlands and associated species, create barriers to fish dispersal, and possibly contribute to low dissolved oxygen levels in the Blackwater River. We recommend that future management strategies for the wildlife refuge be viewed in the context of these two issues, and that the responses of multiple assemblages be incorporated in the design of refuge management plans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[333:AHOCVW]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., Young, J., and Stout, B.M., 2006, Aquatic habitats of Canaan Valley, West Virginia: Diversity and environmental threats: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 13, no. 3, p. 333-352, https://doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[333:AHOCVW]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"333","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209629,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[333:AHOCVW]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed0ee4b0c8380cd495cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stout, B. M. III","contributorId":45499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stout","given":"B.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028482,"text":"70028482 - 2006 - Assessment of gamete quality for the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) by use of fluorescent dyes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T10:48:22","indexId":"70028482","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1349,"text":"Cryobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Assessment of gamete quality for the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) by use of fluorescent dyes","title":"Assessment of gamete quality for the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) by use of fluorescent dyes","docAbstract":"Evaluation of sperm motility is the single most widely used parameter to determine semen quality in mammals and aquatic species. While a good indicator for fresh sperm viability, post-thaw motility is not always effective at predicting fertilizing ability. Techniques using fluorescent dyes can assess functionality of mammalian sperm, but have not been widely applied in aquatic organisms. The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica is an important mollusk in the United States, and cryopreservation protocols have been developed to preserve sperm and larvae to assist research and hatchery production. In this study, protocols were developed to assess sperm cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial function by flow cytometry and to assess viability of eggs by fluorescence microscopy. The fluorescent dyes SYBR 14 and propidium iodide (PI) (to assess membrane integrity) and rhodamine 123 (R123) (to assess mitochondrial membrane potential) were used to evaluate the quality of thawed oyster sperm previously cryopreserved with different cryoprotectant and thawing treatments. Membrane integrity results were correlated with motility of thawed sperm and mitochondrial membrane potential with fertilizing ability. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was used to assess cytotoxicity of cryoprotectant solutions and post-thaw damage to oyster eggs. The results indicated that membrane integrity (P = 0.004) and thawing treatments (P = 0.04), and mitochondrial membrane potential (P = 0.0015) were correlated with motility. Fertilizing ability was correlated with cryoprotectant treatments (P = 0.0258) and with mitochondrial membrane potential (P = 0.001). The dye FDA was useful in indicating structural integrity of fresh and thawed eggs. Exposure of eggs, without freezing, to dimethyl sulfoxide yielded higher percentages of stained eggs and fertilization rate than did exposure to propylene glycol (P = 0.002). Thawed eggs were not stained with FDA (<1%) and larvae were not produced.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.05.001","issn":"00112240","usgsCitation":"Paniagua-Chavez, C.G., Jenkins, J., Segovia, M., and Tiersch, T., 2006, Assessment of gamete quality for the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) by use of fluorescent dyes: Cryobiology, v. 53, no. 1, p. 128-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.05.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2006.05.001"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee31e4b0c8380cd49c06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paniagua-Chavez, C. G.","contributorId":9842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paniagua-Chavez","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, J. 0000-0002-5087-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":73808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Segovia, M.","contributorId":68507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segovia","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tiersch, T.R.","contributorId":76051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiersch","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028358,"text":"70028358 - 2006 - Genetic variation among subspecies of Least Tern (Sterna antillarum): Implications for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028358","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation among subspecies of Least Tern (Sterna antillarum): Implications for conservation","docAbstract":"DNA sequence variation from two nuclear introns and part of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene were used to Evaluate population structure among three subspecies of Least Term that nest in the United States (California [Sterna antillarum browni], Interior [S. a. athalassos], Eastern [S. a. antillarum]). Sequence variation was highest for nuclear intron XI (Gadp) within the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. The second nuclear intron was fixed for the same allele in all subspecies. Fixation indices, FST and MST, for Gadp indicated genetic divergence between California and Interior subspecies. Estimates of nuclear gene flow were <4 individuals/generation, except between the Interior and Eastern subspecies (4 individuals/generation). Genetic indices for mitochondrial DNA did not differ among subspecies, and gene flows (reflecting female dispersal) ranged from 10 to 83 individuals/generation. Reservations are expressed about the validity of the current subspecific divisions and further research is required, including their taxonomic relationship to the Little Tern (Sterna albifrons).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[176:GVASOL]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Whittier, J.B., Leslie, D., and Van Den Bussche, R.A., 2006, Genetic variation among subspecies of Least Tern (Sterna antillarum): Implications for conservation: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 2, p. 176-184, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[176:GVASOL]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"176","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[176:GVASOL]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a158be4b0c8380cd54e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whittier, Joanna B.","contributorId":53151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittier","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.","contributorId":41121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Bussche","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028355,"text":"70028355 - 2006 - Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T15:13:21","indexId":"70028355","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle","docAbstract":"Seismic reflection profiles from three different surveys of the Cascadia forearc are interpreted using P wave velocities and relocated hypocentres, which were both derived from the first arrival travel time inversion of wide-angle seismic data and local earthquakes. The subduction decollement, which is characterized beneath the continental shelf by a reflection of 0.5 s duration, can be traced landward into a large duplex structure in the lower forearc crust near southern Vancouver Island. Beneath Vancouver Island, the roof thrust of the duplex is revealed by a 5–12 km thick zone, identified previously as the E reflectors, and the floor thrust is defined by a short duration reflection from a < 2-km-thick interface at the top of the subducting plate. We show that another zone of reflectors exists east of Vancouver Island that is approximately 8 km thick, and identified as the D reflectors. These overlie the E reflectors; together the two zones define the landward part of the duplex. The combined zones reach depths as great as 50 km. The duplex structure extends for more than 120 km perpendicular to the margin, has an along-strike extent of 80 km, and at depths between 30 km and 50 km the duplex structure correlates with a region of anomalously deep seismicity, where velocities are less than 7000 m s− 1. We suggest that these relatively low velocities indicate the presence of either crustal rocks from the oceanic plate that have been underplated to the continent or crustal rocks from the forearc that have been transported downward by subduction erosion. The absence of seismicity from within the E reflectors implies that they are significantly weaker than the overlying crust, and the reflectors may be a zone of active ductile shear. In contrast, seismicity in parts of the D reflectors can be interpreted to mean that ductile shearing no longer occurs in the landward part of the duplex. Merging of the D and E reflectors at 42–46 km depth creates reflectivity in the uppermost mantle with a vertical thickness of at least 15 km. We suggest that pervasive reflectivity in the upper mantle elsewhere beneath Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia arises from similar shear zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Calvert, A., Ramachandran, K., Kao, H., and Fisher, M.A., 2006, Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 175-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021"},{"id":236995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia forearc","volume":"420","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e7e4b0c8380cd681fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvert, A.J.","contributorId":16614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramachandran, K.","contributorId":71735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramachandran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kao, H.","contributorId":53585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187738,"text":"70187738 - 2006 - Interrelationships of Denali's large mammal community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T13:57:23","indexId":"70187738","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":691,"text":"Alaska Park Science","printIssn":"1545- 496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interrelationships of Denali's large mammal community","docAbstract":"Along with its sweeping mountain landscapes, Denali National Park and Preserve (Denali) is probably best known for opportunities to observe the large mammals common to Interior Alaska. Locally known as the “Big Five,” gray wolves (Canis lupus), grizzly bears (Ursus arctos),moose (Alces alces), caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and Dall sheep (Ovis dalli) have coexisted in the region for millennia. While many other animals occur in Denali, none are as readily associated with the park environment as these species.
In addition to the opportunities for viewing or photographing Interior Alaska’s large mammals, Denali is a great natural laboratory to study the species and their interrelationships. Unlike the rest of Interior Alaska, the Denali carnivore/ungulate community has been little affected by human harvests for several decades, and interactions of these species are driven largely by natural phenomena. It is a common perception that large mammals are “abundant” within the protected confines of the park boundaries, but that is not the case. Throughout much of Interior Alaska, large mammals occur at low densities naturally, and Denali is no exception. Although Denali encompasses over 6,600 square miles (17,100 km2 ) of suitable habitat, currently about 100 wolves, 350 grizzly bears, 2,000 caribou, 1,900 moose, and 1,800 Dall sheep occur there. In comparison, areas of the Tanana Flats and northern Alaska Range adjacent to Denali on the east have long been managed for human harvests, and moose occur there at about six times the density of Denali.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","issn":"1545-4967 ","usgsCitation":"Adams, L., Meier, T.J., Owen, P., and Roffler, G.H., 2006, Interrelationships of Denali's large mammal community: Alaska Park Science, v. 5, no. 1, p. 36-40.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/aps-v5-i1-c9.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":" Denali National Park and Preserve","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcde4b0a7fdb43ddf02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, Thomas J.","contributorId":37192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, Patricia","contributorId":169029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roffler, Gretchen H. groffler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffler","given":"Gretchen","email":"groffler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028901,"text":"70028901 - 2006 - Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the Eastern United States. Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028901","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the Eastern United States. Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content","docAbstract":"There is currently much attention being given to the observed increase in near-surface air temperatures during the last century. The proper investigation of heating trends, however, requires that we include surface heat content to monitor this aspect of the climate system. Changes in heat content of the Earth's climate are not fully described by temperature alone. Moist enthalpy or, alternatively, equivalent temperature, is more sensitive to surface vegetation properties than is air temperature and therefore more accurately depicts surface heating trends. The microclimates evident at many surface observation sites highlight the influence of land surface characteristics on local surface heating trends. Temperature and equivalent temperature trend differences from 1982-1997 are examined for surface sites in the Eastern U.S. Overall trend differences at the surface indicate equivalent temperature trends are relatively warmer than temperature trends in the Eastern U.S. Seasonally, equivalent temperature trends are relatively warmer than temperature trends in winter and are relatively cooler in the fall. These patterns, however, vary widely from site to site, so local microclimate is very important. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.11.002","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Davey, C., Pielke, R., and Gallo, K.P., 2006, Differences between near-surface equivalent temperature and temperature trends for the Eastern United States. Equivalent temperature as an alternative measure of heat content: Global and Planetary Change, v. 54, no. 1-2, p. 19-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.11.002.","startPage":"19","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209961,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.11.002"},{"id":236730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00eae4b0c8380cd4f9b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davey, C.A.","contributorId":43960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davey","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pielke, R.A. Sr.","contributorId":96224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gallo, K. P.","contributorId":86527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028955,"text":"70028955 - 2006 - Development of spatially diverse and complex dune-field patterns: Gran Desierto Dune Field, Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028955","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of spatially diverse and complex dune-field patterns: Gran Desierto Dune Field, Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"The pattern of dunes within the Gran Desierto of Sonora, Mexico, is both spatially diverse and complex. Identification of the pattern components from remote-sensing images, combined with statistical analysis of their measured parameters demonstrate that the composite pattern consists of separate populations of simple dune patterns. Age-bracketing by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) indicates that the simple patterns represent relatively short-lived aeolian constructional events since ???25 ka. The simple dune patterns consist of: (i) late Pleistocene relict linear dunes; (ii) degraded crescentic dunes formed at ???12 ka; (iii) early Holocene western crescentic dunes; (iv) eastern crescentic dunes emplaced at ???7 ka; and (v) star dunes formed during the last 3 ka. Recognition of the simple patterns and their ages allows for the geomorphic backstripping of the composite pattern. Palaeowind reconstructions, based upon the rule of gross bedform-normal transport, are largely in agreement with regional proxy data. The sediment state over time for the Gran Desierto is one in which the sediment supply for aeolian constructional events is derived from previously stored sediment (Ancestral Colorado River sediment), and contemporaneous influx from the lower Colorado River valley and coastal influx from the Bahia del Adair inlet. Aeolian constructional events are triggered by climatic shifts to greater aridity, changes in the wind regime, and the development of a sediment supply. The rate of geomorphic change within the Gran Desierto is significantly greater than the rate of subsidence and burial of the accumulation surface upon which it rests. ?? 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation 2006 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00814.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Beveridge, C., Kocurek, G., Ewing, R., Lancaster, N., Morthekai, P., Singhvi, A., and Mahan, S., 2006, Development of spatially diverse and complex dune-field patterns: Gran Desierto Dune Field, Sonora, Mexico: Sedimentology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 1391-1409, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00814.x.","startPage":"1391","endPage":"1409","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209753,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00814.x"},{"id":236457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0065e4b0c8380cd4f73c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beveridge, C.","contributorId":59226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beveridge","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocurek, G.","contributorId":28005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocurek","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewing, R.C.","contributorId":82908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lancaster, N.","contributorId":36330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancaster","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morthekai, P.","contributorId":29188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morthekai","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Singhvi, A.K.","contributorId":64435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singhvi","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030459,"text":"70030459 - 2006 - Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030459","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Riverine riparian vegetation has changed throughout the southwestern United States, prompting concern about losses of habitat and biodiversity. Woody riparian vegetation grows in a variety of geomorphic settings ranging from bedrock-lined channels to perennial streams crossing deep alluvium and is dependent on interaction between ground-water and surface-water resources. Historically, few reaches in Arizona, southern Utah, or eastern California below 1530 m elevation had closed gallery forests of cottonwood and willow; instead, many alluvial reaches that now support riparian gallery forests once had marshy grasslands and most bedrock canyons were essentially barren. Repeat photography using more than 3000 historical images of rivers indicates that riparian vegetation has increased over much of the region. These increases appear to be related to several factors, notably the reduction in beaver populations by trappers in the 19th century, downcutting of arroyos that drained alluvial aquifers between 1880 and 1910, the frequent recurrence of winter floods during discrete periods of the 20th century, an increased growing season, and stable ground-water levels. Reductions in riparian vegetation result from agricultural clearing, excessive ground-water use, complete flow diversion, and impoundment of reservoirs. Elimination of riparian vegetation occurs either where high ground-water use lowers the water table below the rooting depth of riparian species, where base flow is completely diverted, or both. We illustrate regional changes using case histories of the San Pedro and Santa Cruz Rivers, which are adjacent watersheds in southern Arizona with long histories of water development and different trajectories of change in riparian vegetation.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.H., and Leake, S.A., 2006, Ground-water surface-water interactions and long-term change in riverine riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States, in Journal of Hydrology, v. 320, no. 3-4, p. 302-323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022.","startPage":"302","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.07.022"},{"id":239344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"320","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d67e4b0c8380cd5bec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030288,"text":"70030288 - 2006 - Distribution, 14C chronology, and paleomagnetism of latest Pleistocene and Holocene lava flows at Haleakala volcano, Island of Maui, Hawai'i: A revision of lava flow hazard zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T19:35:44.560922","indexId":"70030288","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, 14C chronology, and paleomagnetism of latest Pleistocene and Holocene lava flows at Haleakala volcano, Island of Maui, Hawai'i: A revision of lava flow hazard zones","docAbstract":"New mapping and 60 new radiocarbon ages define the age and distribution of latest Pleistocene and Holocene (past 13,000 years) lava flows at Haleakalā volcano, Island of Maui. Paleomagnetic directions were determined for 118 sites, of which 89 are in lava flows younger than 13,000 years. The paleomagnetic data, in conjunction with a reference paleosecular variation (PSV) curve for the Hawaiian Islands, are combined with our knowledge of age limitations based on stratigraphic control to refine age estimates for some of the undated lava flows. The resulting volumetric rate calculations indicate that within analytical error, the extrusion rate has remained nearly constant during the past 13,000 years, in the range 0.05–0.15 km3/kyr, only about half the long-term rate required to produce the postshield strata emplaced in the past ∼1 Myr. Haleakalā's eruptive frequency is similar to that of Hualālai volcano on the Island of Hawai‘i, but its lava flows cover substantially less area per unit time. The reduced rates of lava coverage indicate a lower volcanic hazard than in similar zones at Hualālai.
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