Aqueous solutions of humic substances (HSs) and pure monomeric aromatics were irradiated to investigate the chemical controls upon carbon monoxide (CO) photoproduction from dissolved organic matter (DOM). HSs were isolated from lakes, rivers, marsh, and ocean. Inclusion of humic, fulvic, hydrophobic organic, and hydrophilic organic acid fractions from these environments provided samples diverse in source and isolation protocol. In spite of these major differences, HS absorption coefficients (a) and photoreactivities (a bleaching and CO production) were strongly dependent upon HS aromaticity (r2 >0.90; n = 11), implying aromatic moieties are the principal chromophores and photoreactants within HSs, and by extension, DOM. Carbonyl carbon and CO photoproduction were not correlated, implying that carbonyl moieties are not quantitatively important in CO photoproduction. CO photoproduction efficiency of aqueous solutions of monomeric aromatic compounds that are common constituents of organic matter varied with the nature of ring substituents. Specifically, electron donating groups increased, while electron withdrawing groups decreased CO photoproductivity, supporting our conclusion that carbonyl substituents are not quantitatively important in CO photoproduction. Significantly, aromatic CO photoproduction efficiency spanned 3 orders of magnitude, indicating that variations in the CO apparent quantum yields of natural DOM may be related to variations in aromatic DOM substituent group chemistry.
The hydrology of the Snake River in Grand Teton National Park is partly determined by releases from Jackson Lake Dam. The dam was first built in 1908 and became part of the National Park system when GTNP was expanded to include most of Jackson Hole. Completion of the present structure of Jackson Lake Dam occurred in 1917 and resulted in an increase above the natural level of Jackson Lake of 11.9 m. The Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) manages the dam and sets discharge schedules, primarily to meet agricultural needs, and to a lesser extent the needs of recreational river use. Major changes to the hydrological regime of the Snake River include lower than natural peak releases, decrease in frequency of extreme flood events , and unusually high flows from July to September. In addition , peak releases prior to 1957 were not synchronized with spring runoff but shifted to July or early August. Changes in inundation frequencies of floodplains , inundation duration and timing of peak flows have profound effects on the extent and composition of the riparian zone.
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An introductory chapter provides a thorough description of the Quaternary and bedrock geology of Seattle. Nine additional chapters review the history of landslide mapping in Seattle, present case studies of individual landslides, describe the results of spatial assessments of landslide hazard, discuss hydrologic controls on landsliding, and outline an early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., Godt, J.W., and Highland, L.M., 2008, Landslides and engineering geology of the Seattle, Washington, area, v, 181 p.","productDescription":"v, 181 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275277,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rock.geosociety.org/Store/detail.aspx?id=REG020"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.8534,47.25 ], [ -122.8534,47.9774 ], [ -121.7963,47.9774 ], [ -121.7963,47.25 ], [ -122.8534,47.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5f2e4b0b09fbe58f195","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Highland, Lynn M. highland@usgs.gov","contributorId":1292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highland","given":"Lynn","email":"highland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044188,"text":"70044188 - 2008 - Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:40:30","indexId":"70044188","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models","docAbstract":"The problems of identifying the most appropriate model structure for a given problem and quantifying the uncertainty in model structure remain outstanding research challenges for the discipline of hydrology. Progress on these problems requires understanding of the nature of differences between models. This paper presents a methodology to diagnose differences in hydrological model structures: the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE). FUSE was used to construct 79 unique model structures by combining components of 4 existing hydrological models. These new models were used to simulate streamflow in two of the basins used in the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX): the Guadalupe River (Texas) and the French Broad River (North Carolina). Results show that the new models produced simulations of streamflow that were at least as good as the simulations produced by the models that participated in the MOPEX experiment. Our initial application of the FUSE method for the Guadalupe River exposed relationships between model structure and model performance, suggesting that the choice of model structure is just as important as the choice of model parameters. However, further work is needed to evaluate model simulations using multiple criteria to diagnose the relative importance of model structural differences in various climate regimes and to assess the amount of independent information in each of the models. This work will be crucial to both identifying the most appropriate model structure for a given problem and quantifying the uncertainty in model structure. To facilitate research on these problems, the FORTRAN‐90 source code for FUSE is available upon request from the lead author.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006735","usgsCitation":"Clark, M., Slater, A.G., Rupp, D.E., Woods, R.A., Vrugt, J.A., Gupta, H.V., Wagener, T., and Hay, L.E., 2008, Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences between hydrological models: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 12, Article W00B02; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006735.","productDescription":"Article W00B02; 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-005159","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006735","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a08be1e4b0e42455806576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Martyn P.","contributorId":21445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Martyn P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Andrew G.","contributorId":72689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, David E.","contributorId":54097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woods, Ross A.","contributorId":7162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vrugt, Jasper A.","contributorId":45611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrugt","given":"Jasper","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gupta, Hoshin V.","contributorId":7597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"Hoshin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagener, Thorsten","contributorId":22658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagener","given":"Thorsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70042063,"text":"70042063 - 2008 - Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds: state of the science and USEPA workshop review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:18:39","indexId":"70042063","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds: state of the science and USEPA workshop review","docAbstract":"Metals pollution in surface waters from point and non-point sources (NPS) is a widespread problem in the United States and worldwide (Lofts et al., 2007; USEPA, 2007). In the western United States, metals associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) from hardrock mines in mountainous areas impact aquatic ecosystems and human health (USEPA, 1997a; Caruso and Ward, 1998; Church et al., 2007). Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds is sometimes needed for assessment and restoration of surface waters, including mining-impacted streams (Runkel and Kimball, 2002; Caruso, 2003; Velleux et al., 2006). The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP; Wool et al., 2001), developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), is an example of a model used for such analyses. Other approaches exist and appropriate model selection depends on site characteristics, data availability and modelling objectives. However, there are a wide range of assumptions, input parameters, data requirements and gaps, and calibration and validation issues that must be addressed by model developers, users and decision makers. Despite substantial work on model development, their successful application has been more limited because they are not often used by decision makers for stream and watershed assessment and restoration. Bringing together scientists, model developers, users and decision makers should stimulate the development of appropriate models and improve the applicability of their results. To address these issues, the USEPA Office of Research and Development and Region 8 (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming) hosted a workshop in Denver, Colorado on February 13–14, 2007. The workshop brought together approximately 35 experts from government, academia and consulting to address the state of the art for modelling metals fate and transport, knowledge gaps and future directions in metals modelling. It focused on modelling metals in high-altitude streams, rivers and watersheds impacted by mine waste that are common in the western United States and require remediation. For example, there are over 100 000 abandoned or inactive mining sites across the United States, encompassing over 500 000 acres of land that may eventually require characterization and remediation, including the possible application of stream or watershed metals fate and transport modelling (USEPA, 1997a). This article provides a general overview of the state of the science on modelling metals fate and transport in streams and watersheds, including a review of presentations and discussions at the USEPA workshop. It builds on previous summaries of metals fate and transport models in aquatic systems, including USEPA (1997b, 2007), Allen (2002), Paquin et al. (2003), Nordstrom (2004) and Maest et al. (2005).","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7114","usgsCitation":"Caruso, B., Cox, T., Runkel, R.L., Velleux, M., Bencala, K.E., Nordstrom, D.K., Julien, P., Butler, B.A., Alpers, C.N., Marion, A., and Smith, K.S., 2008, Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds: state of the science and USEPA workshop review: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 19, p. 4011-4021, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7114.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4011","endPage":"4021","temporalStart":"2007-02-13","temporalEnd":"2007-02-14","ipdsId":"IP-008246","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264974,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7114"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.21,39.54 ], [ -105.21,40.0 ], [ -104.49,40.0 ], [ -104.49,39.54 ], [ -105.21,39.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d16ae4b0a4aa5bb0b27b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caruso, B.S.","contributorId":82999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caruso","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, T.J.","contributorId":98121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Velleux, M.L.","contributorId":46852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velleux","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Julien, P.Y.","contributorId":36820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julien","given":"P.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Butler, B. A.","contributorId":49425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Marion, A.","contributorId":40487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70038057,"text":"70038057 - 2008 - Challenges to hydrological observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-12T01:01:38","indexId":"70038057","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3703,"text":"WMO Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges to hydrological observations","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"WMO Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Meteorological Organization","publisherLocation":"Geneva, Switzerland","usgsCitation":"Lins, H., 2008, Challenges to hydrological observations: WMO Bulletin, v. 57, no. 1, p. 55-58.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3fde4b0c8380cd4ba85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, H.F.","contributorId":81508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038218,"text":"70038218 - 2008 - Co-precipitation of dissolved organic matter by calcium carbonate in Pyramid Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:17:50","indexId":"70038218","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-11T12:26:40","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":791,"text":"Annals of Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-precipitation of dissolved organic matter by calcium carbonate in Pyramid Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"Our previous research has demonstrated that dissolved organic matter (DOM) influences calcium carbonate mineral formation in surface and ground water. To better understand DOM mediation of carbonate precipitation and DOM co-precipitation and/or incorporation with carbonate minerals, we characterized the content and speciation of DOM in carbonate minerals and in the lake water of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA. A 400-gram block of precipitated calcium carbonate from the Pyramid Lake shore was dissolved in 8 liters of 10% acetic acid. Particulate matter not dissolved by acetic acid was removed by centrifugation. DOM from the carbonate rock was fractionated into nine portions using evaporation, dialysis, resin adsorption, and selective precipitations to remove acetic acid and inorganic constituents. The calcium carbonate rock contained 0.23% DOM by weight. This DOM was enriched in polycarboxylic proteinaceous acids and hydroxy-acids in comparison with the present lake water. DOM in lake water was composed of aliphatic, alicyclic polycarboxylic acids. These compound classes were found in previous studies to inhibit calcium carbonate precipitation. DOM fractions from the carbonate rock were 14C-age dated at about 3,100 to 3,500 years before present. The mechanism of DOM co-precipitation and/or physical incorporation in the calcium carbonate is believed to be due to formation of insoluble calcium complexes with polycarboxylic proteinaceous acids and hydroxy-acids that have moderately large stability constants at the alkaline pH of the lake. DOM co-precipitation with calcium carbonate and incorporation in precipitated carbonate minerals removes proteinaceous DOM, but nearly equivalent concentrations of neutral and acidic forms of organic nitrogen in DOM remain in solution. Calcium carbonate precipitation during lime softening pretreatment of drinking water may have practical applications for removal of proteinaceous disinfection by-product precursors.","language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern University","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J.A., and Reddy, M.M., 2008, Co-precipitation of dissolved organic matter by calcium carbonate in Pyramid Lake, Nevada: Annals of Environmental Science, v. 2, p. 11-25.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"25","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254610,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.aes.neu.edu/table_contents/abstract12/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Lake","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f67be4b0c8380cd4c7ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, Jerry A.","contributorId":72420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003667,"text":"70003667 - 2008 - Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70003667","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T13:14:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"To manage the hazard associated with shallow landslides, decision makers need an understanding of where and when landslides may occur. A variety of approaches have been used to estimate the hazard from shallow, rainfall-triggered landslides, such as empirical rainfall threshold methods or probabilistic methods based on historical records. The wide availability of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and digital topographic data has led to the development of analytic methods for landslide hazard estimation that couple steady-state hydrological models with slope stability calculations. Because these methods typically neglect the transient effects of infiltration on slope stability, results cannot be linked with historical or forecasted rainfall sequences. Estimates of the frequency of conditions likely to cause landslides are critical for quantitative risk and hazard assessments. We present results to demonstrate how a transient infiltration model coupled with an infinite slope stability calculation may be used to assess shallow landslide frequency in the City of Seattle, Washington, USA. A module called CRF (Critical RainFall) for estimating deterministic rainfall thresholds has been integrated in the TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-Stability) model that combines a transient, one-dimensional analytic solution for pore-pressure response to rainfall infiltration with an infinite slope stability calculation. Input data for the extended model include topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water-table depth, material properties, and rainfall durations. This approach is combined with a statistical treatment of rainfall using a GEV (General Extreme Value) probabilistic distribution to produce maps showing the shallow landslide recurrence induced, on a spatially distributed basis, as a function of rainfall duration and hillslope characteristics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Salciarini, D., Godt, J.W., Savage, W.Z., Baum, R.L., and Conversini, P., 2008, Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA: Engineering Geology, v. 102, no. 3-4, p. 227-237.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":111016,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795208001865","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","volume":"102","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c07e4b0c8380cd6f9a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salciarini, Diana","contributorId":38022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salciarini","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conversini, Pietro","contributorId":15077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conversini","given":"Pietro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003444,"text":"70003444 - 2008 - Hydrologic connections and dynamics of water movement in the classical Karst (Kras) aquifer: Evidence from frequent chemical and stable isotope sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T15:02:10.623219","indexId":"70003444","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":628,"text":"Acta Carsologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic connections and dynamics of water movement in the classical Karst (Kras) aquifer: Evidence from frequent chemical and stable isotope sampling","docAbstract":"A review of past researchon the hydrogeology of the Classical Karst (Kras) region and new information obtained from a two-year study using environmental tracers are presented in this paper. The main problems addressed are 1) the sources of water to the Kras aquifer resurgence zone—including the famous Timavo springs—under changing flow regimes; 2) a quantification of the storage volumes of the karst massif corresponding to flow regimes defined by hydrographrecessions of the Timavo springs; and 3) changing dynamics between deep phreatic conduit flow and shallow phreatic and epiphreatic storage within the aquifer resurgence zone as determined throughchanges in chemical and isotopic composition at springs and wells. Particular focus was placed on addressing the long-standing question of the influence of the Soča River on the ground waters of the aquifer resurgence zone. The results indicate that the alluvial aquifer supplied by the sinking of the Soča River on the northwestern edge of the massif contributes approximately 75% of the mean annual outflow to the smaller springs of the aquifer resurgence zone, and as muchas 53% to the mean annual outflow of the Timavo springs. As a whole, the Soča River is estimated to contribute 56% of the average outflow of the Kras aquifer resurgence. The proportions of Soča River water increase under drier conditions, and decrease under wetter conditions. Time series analysis of oxygen stable isotope records indicate that the transit time of Soča River water to the Timavo springs, Sardos spring, and well B-4 is on the order of 1-2 months, depending on hydrological conditions. The total baseflow storage of the Timavo springs is estimated to be 518 million m3, and represents 88.5% of the storage capacity estimated for all flow regimes of the springs. The ratio of baseflow storage volume to the average annual volume discharged at the Timavo springs is 0.54. The Reka River sinking in Slovenia supplies substantial allogenic recharge to the aquifer; however, its influence on the northwest resurgence zone is limited to the Timavo springs, and is only a significant component of the spring discharge under flood conditions for relatively brief periods (several days to weeks). Sustainability of the trans-boundary aquifer of the Kras will benefit from maintaining highwater quality in the Soča River, as well as focused water tracing experiments within the epiphreatic zone of the aquifer to better delineate the recharge zone and to identify sources of potential contamination to the Brestovica water supply well.
","language":"English","publisher":"Slovenian Academy Of Sciences And Arts","doi":"10.3986/ac.v37i1.163","usgsCitation":"Doctor, D.H., 2008, Hydrologic connections and dynamics of water movement in the classical Karst (Kras) aquifer: Evidence from frequent chemical and stable isotope sampling: Acta Carsologica, v. 37, no. 1, p. 101-123, https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v37i1.163.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v37i1.163","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":413236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy, Slovenia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 13.636291769403641,\n 45.85349003202734\n ],\n [\n 13.536270947880467,\n 45.85349003202734\n ],\n [\n 13.536270947880467,\n 45.75206818502667\n ],\n [\n 13.636291769403641,\n 45.75206818502667\n ],\n [\n 13.636291769403641,\n 45.85349003202734\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ffcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70000098,"text":"70000098 - 2008 - A seepage meter designed for use in flowing water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000098","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seepage meter designed for use in flowing water","docAbstract":"Seepage meters provide one of the most direct means to measure exchange of water across the sediment-water interface, but they generally have been unsuitable for use in fluvial settings. Although the seepage bag can be placed inside a rigid container to minimize velocity head concerns, the seepage cylinder installed in the sediment bed projects into and disrupts the flow field, altering both the local-scale fluid exchange as well as measurement of that exchange. A low-profile seepage meter designed for use in moving water was tested in a seepage meter flux tank where both current velocity and seepage velocity could be controlled. The conical seepage cylinder protrudes only slightly above the sediment bed and is connected via tubing to a seepage bag or flowmeter positioned inside a rigid shelter that is located nearby where current velocity is much slower. Laboratory and field tests indicate that the net effect of the small protrusion of the seepage cylinder into the surface water flow field is inconsequentially small for surface water currents up to 65 cm s-1. Current velocity affects the variability of seepage measurements; seepage standard deviation increased from ???2 to ???6 cm d-1 as current velocity increased from 9 to 65 cm s-1. Substantial bias can result if the shelter is not placed to minimize hydraulic gradient between the bag and the seepage cylinder.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.029","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., 2008, A seepage meter designed for use in flowing water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 359, no. 1-2, p. 118-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.029.","startPage":"118","endPage":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":199660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18670,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.029"}],"volume":"359","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a639b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70000040,"text":"70000040 - 2008 - Coupled semivariogram uncertainty of hydrogeological and geophysical data on capture zone uncertainty analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000040","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:11:19","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled semivariogram uncertainty of hydrogeological and geophysical data on capture zone uncertainty analysis","docAbstract":"This study investigates capture zone uncertainty that relates to the coupled semivariogram uncertainty of hydrogeological and geophysical data. Semivariogram uncertainty is represented by the uncertainty in structural parameters (range, sill, and nugget). We used the beta distribution function to derive the prior distributions of structural parameters. The probability distributions of structural parameters were further updated through the Bayesian approach with the Gaussian likelihood functions. Cokriging of noncollocated pumping test data and electrical resistivity data was conducted to better estimate hydraulic conductivity through autosemivariograms and pseudo-cross-semivariogram. Sensitivities of capture zone variability with respect to the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity, porosity and aquifer thickness were analyzed using ANOVA. The proposed methodology was applied to the analysis of capture zone uncertainty at the Chicot aquifer in Southwestern Louisiana, where a regional groundwater flow model was developed. MODFLOW-MODPATH was adopted to delineate the capture zone. The ANOVA results showed that both capture zone area and compactness were sensitive to hydraulic conductivity variation. We concluded that the capture zone uncertainty due to the semivariogram uncertainty is much higher than that due to the kriging uncertainty for given semivariograms. In other words, the sole use of conditional variances of kriging may greatly underestimate the flow response uncertainty. Semivariogram uncertainty should also be taken into account in the uncertainty analysis. ?? 2008 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:10(915)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Rahman, A., Tsai, F., White, C., and Willson, C.S., 2008, Coupled semivariogram uncertainty of hydrogeological and geophysical data on capture zone uncertainty analysis: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 13, no. 10, p. 915-925, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:10(915).","startPage":"915","endPage":"925","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18643,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:10(915)"}],"volume":"13","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rahman, A.","contributorId":93171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, F.T.-C.","contributorId":28343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"F.T.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, C.D.","contributorId":46664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willson, C. S.","contributorId":90440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000536,"text":"70000536 - 2008 - Geoelectrical inference of mass transfer parameters using temporal moments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T11:42:55","indexId":"70000536","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:28","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoelectrical inference of mass transfer parameters using temporal moments","docAbstract":"We present an approach to infer mass transfer parameters based on (1) an analytical model that relates the temporal moments of mobile and bulk concentration and (2) a bicontinuum modification to Archie's law. Whereas conventional geochemical measurements preferentially sample from the mobile domain, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is sensitive to bulk electrical conductivity and, thus, electrolytic solute in both the mobile and immobile domains. We demonstrate the new approach, in which temporal moments of collocated mobile domain conductivity (i.e., conventional sampling) and ERT‐estimated bulk conductivity are used to calculate heterogeneous mass transfer rate and immobile porosity fractions in a series of numerical column experiments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006750","usgsCitation":"Day-Lewis, F.D., and Singha, K., 2008, Geoelectrical inference of mass transfer parameters using temporal moments: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 5, W05201; 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006750.","productDescription":"W05201; 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-003982","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006750","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000237,"text":"70000237 - 2008 - Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: Implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000237","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: Implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids","docAbstract":"The potential for forest harvest to increase snowmelt rates in maritime snow climates is well recognized. However, questions still exist about the magnitude of peak flow increases in basins larger than 10 km2 and the geomorphic and biological consequences of these changes. In this study, we used observations from two nearly adjacent small basins (13 and 30 km2) in the Coeur d'Alene River basin, one with recent, relatively extensive, timber harvest, and the other with little disturbance in the last 50 years to explore changes in peak flows due to timber harvest and their potential effects on fish. Peak discharge was computed for a specitic rain-on-snow event using a series of physical models that linked predicted values of snowmelt input to a runoff-routing model. Predictions indicate that timber harvest caused a 25% increase in the peak flow of the modelled event and increased the frequency of events of this magnitude from a 9-year recurrence interval to a 3-6-year event. These changes in hydrologic regime, with larger discharges at shorter recurrence intervals, are predicted to increase the depth and frequency of streambed scour, causing up to 15% added mortality of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) embryos. Mortality from increased scour, although not catastrophic, may have contributed to the extirpation of this species from the Coeur d'Alene basin, given the widespread timber harvest that occurred in this region. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6918","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Tonina, D., Luce, C., Rieman, B., Buffington, J., Goodwin, P., Clayton, S., Ali, S., Barry, J., and Berenbrock, C., 2008, Hydrological response to timber harvest in northern Idaho: Implications for channel scour and persistence of salmonids: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 17, p. 3223-3235, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6918.","startPage":"3223","endPage":"3235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18739,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6918"}],"volume":"22","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e982","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tonina, D.","contributorId":14552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonina","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luce, C.H.","contributorId":81057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rieman, B.","contributorId":11178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buffington, J.M.","contributorId":99677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goodwin, P.","contributorId":46665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clayton, S.R.","contributorId":95992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ali, S.","contributorId":96809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ali","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barry, J.J.","contributorId":23482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Berenbrock, C.","contributorId":33435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70000192,"text":"70000192 - 2008 - Assessing the contribution of wetlands and subsided islands to dissolved organic matter and disinfection byproduct precursors in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: A geochemical approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:38:41","indexId":"70000192","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the contribution of wetlands and subsided islands to dissolved organic matter and disinfection byproduct precursors in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: A geochemical approach","docAbstract":"This study assesses how rivers, wetlands, island drains and open water habitats within the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta affect dissolved organic matter (DOM) content and composition, and disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation. Eleven sites representative of these habitats were sampled on six dates to encompass seasonal variability. Using a suite of qualitative analyses, including specific DBP formation potential, absorbance, fluorescence, lignin content and composition, C and N stable isotopic compositions, and structural groupings determined using CPMAS (cross polarization, magic angle spinning) 13C NMR, we applied a geochemical fingerprinting approach to characterize the DOM from different Delta habitats, and infer DOM and DBP precursor sources and estimate the relative contribution from different sources. Although river input was the predominant source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), we observed that 13-49% of the DOC exported from the Delta originated from sources within the Delta, depending on season. Interaction with shallow wetlands and subsided islands significantly increased DOC and DBP precursor concentrations and affected DOM composition, while deep open water habitats had little discernable effect. Shallow wetlands contributed the greatest amounts of DOM and DBP precursors in the spring and summer, in contrast to island drains which appeared to be an important source during winter months. The DOM derived from wetlands and island drains had greater haloacetic acid precursor content relative to incoming river water, while two wetlands contributed DOM with greater propensity to form trihalomethanes. These results are pertinent to restoration of the Delta. Large scale introduction of shallow wetlands, a proposed restoration strategy, could alter existing DOC and DBP precursor concentrations, depending on their hydrologic connection to Delta channels. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.05.012","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Kraus, T., Bergamaschi, B., Hernes, P., Spencer, R., Stepanauskas, R., Kendall, C., Losee, R., and Fujii, R., 2008, Assessing the contribution of wetlands and subsided islands to dissolved organic matter and disinfection byproduct precursors in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: A geochemical approach: Organic Geochemistry, v. 39, no. 9, p. 1302-1318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.05.012.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1302","endPage":"1318","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18719,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.05.012"}],"volume":"39","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, T.E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":9758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"T.E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hernes, P.J.","contributorId":89651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spencer, R.G.M.","contributorId":60361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stepanauskas, R.","contributorId":61937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stepanauskas","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Losee, R.F.","contributorId":19276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Losee","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fujii, R.","contributorId":32278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70000198,"text":"70000198 - 2008 - Spatial patterns of simulated transpiration response to climate variability in a snow dominated mountain ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:15:56","indexId":"70000198","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns of simulated transpiration response to climate variability in a snow dominated mountain ecosystem","docAbstract":"Transpiration is an important component of soil water storage and stream-flow and is linked with ecosystem productivity, species distribution, and ecosystem health. In mountain environments, complex topography creates heterogeneity in key controls on transpiration as well as logistical challenges for collecting representative measurements. In these settings, ecosystem models can be used to account for variation in space and time of the dominant controls on transpiration and provide estimates of transpiration patterns and their sensitivity to climate variability and change. The Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys) model was used to assess elevational differences in sensitivity of transpiration rates to the spatiotemporal variability of climate variables across the Upper Merced River watershed, Yosemite Valley, California, USA. At the basin scale, predicted annual transpiration was lowest in driest and wettest years, and greatest in moderate precipitation years (R2 = 0.32 and 0.29, based on polynomial regression of maximum snow depth and annual precipitation, respectively). At finer spatial scales, responsiveness of transpiration rates to climate differed along an elevational gradient. Low elevations (1200-1800 m) showed little interannual variation in transpiration due to topographically controlled high soil moistures along the river corridor. Annual conifer stand transpiration at intermediate elevations (1800-2150 m) responded more strongly to precipitation, resulting in a unimodal relationship between transpiration and precipitation where highest transpiration occurred during moderate precipitation levels, regardless of annual air temperatures. Higher elevations (2150-2600 m) maintained this trend, but air temperature sensitivities were greater. At these elevations, snowfall provides enough moisture for growth, and increased temperatures influenced transpiration. Transpiration at the highest elevations (2600-4000 m) showed strong sensitivity to air temperature, little sensitivity to precipitation. Model results suggest elevational differences in vegetation water use and sensitivity to climate were significant and will likely play a key role in controlling responses and vulnerability of Sierra Nevada ecosystems to climate change. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6961","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Christensen, L., Tague, C., and Baron, J., 2008, Spatial patterns of simulated transpiration response to climate variability in a snow dominated mountain ecosystem: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 18, p. 3576-3588, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6961.","startPage":"3576","endPage":"3588","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6961"},{"id":203701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6099","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, L.","contributorId":87271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tague, C.L.","contributorId":86085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tague","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":345121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000231,"text":"70000231 - 2008 - Arsenic(III) fuels anoxygenic photosynthesis in hot spring biofilms from Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:40:09","indexId":"70000231","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic(III) fuels anoxygenic photosynthesis in hot spring biofilms from Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"Phylogenetic analysis indicates that microbial arsenic metabolism is ancient and probably extends back to the primordial Earth. In microbial biofilms growing on the rock surfaces of anoxic brine pools fed by hot springs containing arsenite and sulfide at high concentrations, we discovered light-dependent oxidation of arsenite [As(III)] to arsenate [As(V)] occurring under anoxic conditions. The communities were composed primarily of Ectothiorhodospira-like purple bacteria or Oscillatoria-like cyanobacteria. A pure culture of a photosynthetic bacterium grew as a photoautotroph when As(III) was used as the sole photosynthetic electron donor. The strain contained genes encoding a putative As(V) reductase but no detectable homologs of the As(III) oxidase genes of aerobic chemolithotrophs, suggesting a reverse functionality for the reductase. Production of As(V) by anoxygenic photosynthesis probably opened niches for primordial Earth's first As(V)-respiring prokaryotes.","language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1160799","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Kulp, T., Hoeft, S., Asao, M., Madigan, M., Hollibaugh, J., Fisher, J., Stolz, J., Culbertson, C., Miller, L., and Oremland, R., 2008, Arsenic(III) fuels anoxygenic photosynthesis in hot spring biofilms from Mono Lake, California: Science, v. 321, no. 5891, p. 967-970, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160799.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"970","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1160799"}],"volume":"321","issue":"5891","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672d11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulp, T.R.","contributorId":33032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoeft, S.E.","contributorId":24479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asao, M.","contributorId":64777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asao","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madigan, M.T.","contributorId":20052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madigan","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hollibaugh, J.T.","contributorId":22886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, J.C.","contributorId":99974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Culbertson, C.W.","contributorId":40326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70000202,"text":"70000202 - 2008 - Precipitation rates and atmospheric heat transport during the Cenomanian greenhouse warming in North America: Estimates from a stable isotope mass-balance model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000202","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation rates and atmospheric heat transport during the Cenomanian greenhouse warming in North America: Estimates from a stable isotope mass-balance model","docAbstract":"Stable isotope mass-balance modeling results of meteoric ??18O values from the Cenomanian Stage of the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin (KWIB) suggest that precipitation and evaporation fluxes were greater than that of the present and significantly different from simulations of Albian KWIB paleohydrology. Sphaerosiderite meteoric ??18O values have been compiled from the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation of southwestern Mississippi (25??N paleolatitude), The Dakota Formation Rose Creek Pit, Fairbury Nebraska (35??N) and the Dunvegan Formation of eastern British Columbia (55??N paleolatitude). These paleosol siderite ??18O values define a paleolatitudinal gradient ranging from - 4.2??? VPDB at 25??N to - 12.5??? VPDB at 55??N. This trend is significantly steeper and more depleted than a modern theoretical siderite gradient (25??N: - 1.7???; 65??N: - 5.6??? VPDB ), and a Holocene meteoric calcite trend (27??N: - 3.6???; 67??N: - 7.4??? VPDB). The Cenomanian gradient is also comparatively steeper than the Albian trend determined for the KWIB in the mid- to high latitudes. The steep latitudinal trend in meteoric ??18O values may be the result of increased precipitation and evaporation fluxes (amount effects) under a more vigorous greenhouse-world hydrologic cycle. A stable-isotope mass-balance model has been used to generate estimates of precipitation and evaporation fluxes and precipitation rates. Estimates of Cenomanian precipitation rates based upon the mass-balance modeling of the KWIB range from 1400??mm/yr at 25??N paleolatitude to 3600??mm/yr at 45??N paleolatitude. The precipitation-evaporation (P-E) flux values were used to delineate zones of moisture surplus and moisture deficit. Comparisons between Cenomanian P-E and modern theoretical siderite, and Holocene calcite latitudinal trends shows an amplification of low-latitude moisture deficits between 5-25??N paleolatitude and moisture surpluses between 40-60??N paleolatitude. The low-latitude moisture deficits correlate with a mean annual average heat loss of 48??W/m2 at 10??N paleolatitude (present, 8??W/m2 at 15??N). The increased precipitation flux and moisture surplus in the mid-latitudes corresponds to a mean average annual heat gain of 180??W/m2 at 50??N paleolatitude (present, 17??W/m2 at 50??N). The Cenomanian low-latitude moisture deficit is similar to that of the Albian, however the mid-latitude (40-60??N) precipitation flux values and precipitation rates are significantly higher (Albian: 2200??mm/yr at 45??N; Cenomanian: 3600??mm/yr at 45??N). Furthermore, the heat transferred to the atmosphere via latent heat of condensation was approximately 10.6?? that of the present at 50??N. The intensified hydrologic cycle of the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse warming may have played a significant role in the poleward transfer of heat and more equable global conditions. Paleoclimatological reconstructions from multiple time periods during the mid-Cretaceous will aid in a better understanding of the dynamics of the hydrologic cycle and latent heat flux during greenhouse world conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.033","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Ufnar, D.F., Ludvigson, G.A., Gonzalez, L., and Grocke, D., 2008, Precipitation rates and atmospheric heat transport during the Cenomanian greenhouse warming in North America: Estimates from a stable isotope mass-balance model: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 266, no. 1-2, p. 28-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.033.","startPage":"28","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476481,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/8467","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18725,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.033"}],"volume":"266","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68072e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ufnar, David F.","contributorId":64371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ufnar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez, L.","contributorId":21670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grocke, D.R.","contributorId":32274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grocke","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000233,"text":"70000233 - 2008 - Spatial dynamics of overbank sedimentation in floodplain systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:34","indexId":"70000233","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial dynamics of overbank sedimentation in floodplain systems","docAbstract":"Floodplains provide valuable social and ecological functions, and understanding the rates and patterns of overbank sedimentation is critical for river basin management and rehabilitation. Channelization of alluvial systems throughout the world has altered hydrological and sedimentation processes within floodplain ecosystems. In the loess belt region of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of the United States, channelization, the geology of the region, and past land-use practices have resulted in the formation of dozens of valley plugs in stream channels and the formation of shoals at the confluence of stream systems. Valley plugs completely block stream channels with sediment and debris and can result in greater deposition rates on floodplain surfaces. Presently, however, information is lacking on the rates and variability of overbank sedimentation associated with valley plugs and shoals. We quantified deposition rates and textures in floodplains along channelized streams that contained valley plugs and shoals, in addition to floodplains occurring along an unchannelized stream, to improve our understanding of overbank sedimentation associated with channelized streams. Feldspar clay marker horizons and marker poles were used to measure floodplain deposition from 2002 to 2005 and data were analyzed with geospatial statistics to determine the spatial dynamics of sedimentation within the floodplains. Mean sediment deposition rates ranged from 0.09 to 0.67??cm/y at unchannelized sites, 0.16 to 2.27??cm/y at shoal sites, and 3.44 to 6.20??cm/y at valley plug sites. Valley plug sites had greater rates of deposition, and the deposited sediments contained more coarse sand material than either shoal or unchannelized sites. A total of 59 of 183 valley plug study plots had mean deposition rates > 5??cm/y. The geospatial analyses showed that the spatial dynamics of sedimentation can be influenced by the formation of valley plugs and shoals on channelized streams; however, responses can vary. Restoration efforts in the region need to have basinwide collaboration with landowners and address catchment-scale processes, including the geomorphic instability of the region, to be successful. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.008","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Pierce, A.R., and King, S., 2008, Spatial dynamics of overbank sedimentation in floodplain systems: Geomorphology, v. 100, no. 3-4, p. 256-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.008.","startPage":"256","endPage":"268","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.008"}],"volume":"100","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a406","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Aaron R.","contributorId":94421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":33463,"text":"Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":345184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, S.L.","contributorId":105663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000240,"text":"70000240 - 2008 - Landscape complexity and soil moisture variation in south Georgia, USA, for remote sensing applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000240","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape complexity and soil moisture variation in south Georgia, USA, for remote sensing applications","docAbstract":"This research addressed the temporal and spatial variation of soil moisture (SM) in a heterogeneous landscape. The research objective was to investigate soil moisture variation in eight homogeneous 30 by 30 m plots, similar to the pixel size of a Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) or Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) image. The plots were adjacent to eight stations of an in situ soil moisture network operated by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service USDA-ARS in Tifton, GA. We also studied five adjacent agricultural fields to examine the effect of different landuses/land covers (LULC) (grass, orchard, peanuts, cotton and bare soil) on the temporal and spatial variation of soil moisture. Soil moisture field data were collected on eight occasions throughout 2005 and January 2006 to establish comparisons within and among eight homogeneous plots. Consistently throughout time, analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed high variation in the soil moisture behavior among the plots and high homogeneity in the soil moisture behavior within them. A precipitation analysis for the eight sampling dates throughout the year 2005 showed similar rainfall conditions for the eight study plots. Therefore, soil moisture variation among locations was explained by in situ local conditions. Temporal stability geostatistical analysis showed that soil moisture has high temporal stability within the small plots and that a single point reading can be used to monitor soil moisture status for the plot within a maximum 3% volume/volume (v/v) soil moisture variation. Similarly, t-statistic analysis showed that soil moisture status in the upper soil layer changes within 24 h. We found statistical differences in the soil moisture between the different LULC in the agricultural fields as well as statistical differences between these fields and the adjacent 30 by 30 m plots. From this analysis, it was demonstrated that spatial proximity is not enough to produce similar soil moisture, since t-test's among adjacent plots with different LULCs showed significant differences. These results confirm that a remote sensing approach that considers homogeneous LULC landscape fragments can be used to identify landscape units of similar soil moisture behavior under heterogeneous landscapes. In addition, the in situ USDA-ARS network will serve better in remote sensing studies in which sensors with fine spatial resolution are evaluated. This study is a first step towards identifying landscape units that can be monitored using the single point reading of the USDA-ARS stations network. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.029","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Giraldo, M., Bosch, D., Madden, M., Usery, L., and Kvien, C., 2008, Landscape complexity and soil moisture variation in south Georgia, USA, for remote sensing applications: Journal of Hydrology, v. 357, no. 3-4, p. 405-420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.029.","startPage":"405","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.029"}],"volume":"357","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giraldo, M.A.","contributorId":65591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giraldo","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bosch, D.","contributorId":83241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosch","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madden, M.","contributorId":18068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, L.","contributorId":76442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kvien, Craig","contributorId":33434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvien","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70000248,"text":"70000248 - 2008 - Changes in dissolved organic material determine exposure of stream benthic communities to UV-B radiation and heavy metals: Implications for climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:33:49","indexId":"70000248","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in dissolved organic material determine exposure of stream benthic communities to UV-B radiation and heavy metals: Implications for climate change","docAbstract":"Changes in regional climate in the Rocky Mountains over the next 100 years are expected to have significant effects on biogeochemical cycles and hydrological processes. In particular, decreased discharge and lower stream depth during summer when ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the highest combined with greater photo-oxidation of dissolved organic materials (DOM) will significantly increase exposure of benthic communities to UVR. Communities in many Rocky Mountain streams are simultaneously exposed to elevated metals from abandoned mines, the toxicity and bioavailability of which are also determined by DOM. We integrated field surveys of 19 streams (21 sites) along a gradient of metal contamination with microcosm and field experiments conducted in Colorado, USA, and New Zealand to investigate the influence of DOM on bioavailability of heavy metals and exposure of benthic communities to UVR. Spatial and seasonal variation in DOM were closely related to stream discharge and significantly influenced heavy metal uptake in benthic organisms. Qualitative and quantitative changes in DOM resulting from exposure to sunlight increased UV-B (290-320nm) penetration and toxicity of heavy metals. Results of microcosm experiments showed that benthic communities from a metal-polluted stream were tolerant of metals, but were more sensitive to UV-B than communities from a reference stream. We speculate that the greater sensitivity of these communities to UV-B resulted from costs associated with metal tolerance. Exclusion of UVR from 12 separate Colorado streams and from outdoor stream microcosms in New Zealand increased the abundance of benthic organisms (mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies) by 18% and 54%, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering changes in regional climate and UV-B exposure when assessing the effects of local anthropogenic stressors. ?? Journal compilation ?? 2008 Blackwell Publishing.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01632.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Clements, W., Brooks, M., Kashian, D., and Zuellig, R., 2008, Changes in dissolved organic material determine exposure of stream benthic communities to UV-B radiation and heavy metals: Implications for climate change: Global Change Biology, v. 14, no. 9, p. 2201-2214, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01632.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2201","endPage":"2214","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":506012,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01632.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":203661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18745,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01632.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clements, W.H.","contributorId":78855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kashian, D.R.","contributorId":37459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashian","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zuellig, R.E.","contributorId":37045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70000280,"text":"70000280 - 2008 - In situ arsenic removal in an alkaline clastic aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T07:26:59","indexId":"70000280","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:25","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ arsenic removal in an alkaline clastic aquifer","docAbstract":"In situ removal of As from ground water used for water supply has been accomplished elsewhere in circum-neutral ground water containing high dissolved Fe(II) concentrations. The objective of this study was to evaluate in situ As ground-water treatment approaches in alkaline ground-water (pH > 8) that contains low dissolved Fe (<a few tens of μg/L). The low dissolved Fe content limits development of significant Fe-oxide and the high-pH limits As adsorption onto Fe-oxide. The chemistries of ground water in the two aquifers studied are similar except for the inorganic As species. Although total inorganic As concentrations were similar, one aquifer has dominantly aqueous As(III) and the other has mostly As(V). Dissolved O2, Fe(II), and HCl were added to water and injected into the two aquifers to form Fe-oxide and lower the pH to remove As. Cycles of injection and withdrawal involved varying Fe(II) concentrations in the injectate. The As concentrations in water withdrawn from the two aquifers were as low as 1 and 6 μg/L, with greater As removal from the aquifer containing As(V). However, Fe and Mn concentrations increased to levels greater than US drinking water standards during some of the withdrawal periods. A balance between As removal and maintenance of low Fe and Mn concentrations may be a design consideration if this approach is used for public-supply systems. The ability to lower As concentrations in situ in high-pH ground water should have broad applicability because similar high-As ground water is present in many parts of the world.
As part of the continuing effort to collect baseline information on the environmental occurrence of pharmaceuticals, and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in the Nation's water resources, water samples were collected from a network of 47 groundwater sites across 18 states in 2000. All samples collected were analyzed for 65 OWCs representing a wide variety of uses and origins. Site selection focused on areas suspected to be susceptible to contamination from either animal or human wastewaters (i.e. down gradient of a landfill, unsewered residential development, or animal feedlot). Thus, sites sampled were not necessarily used as a source of drinking water but provide a variety of geohydrologic environments with potential sources of OWCs. OWCs were detected in 81% of the sites sampled, with 35 of the 65 OWCs being found at least once. The most frequently detected compounds include N,N-diethyltoluamide (35%, insect repellant), bisphenol A (30%, plasticizer), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (30%, fire retardant), sulfamethoxazole (23%, veterinary and human antibiotic), and 4-octylphenol monoethoxylate (19%, detergent metabolite). Although sampling procedures were intended to ensure that all groundwater samples analyzed were indicative of aquifer conditions it is possible that detections of some OWCs could have resulted from leaching of well-construction materials and/or other site-specific conditions related to well construction and materials. Future research will be needed to identify those factors that are most important in determining the occurrence and concentrations of OWCs in groundwater.
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T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":345042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70000107,"text":"70000107 - 2008 - Monitoring waterbird abundance in wetlands: The importance of controlling results for variation in water depth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000107","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring waterbird abundance in wetlands: The importance of controlling results for variation in water depth","docAbstract":"Wetland use by waterbirds is highly dependent on water depth, and depth requirements generally vary among species. Furthermore, water depth within wetlands often varies greatly over time due to unpredictable hydrological events, making comparisons of waterbird abundance among wetlands difficult as effects of habitat variables and water depth are confounded. Species-specific relationships between bird abundance and water depth necessarily are non-linear; thus, we developed a methodology to correct waterbird abundance for variation in water depth, based on the non-parametric regression of these two variables. Accordingly, we used the difference between observed and predicted abundances from non-parametric regression (analogous to parametric residuals) as an estimate of bird abundance at equivalent water depths. We scaled this difference to levels of observed and predicted abundances using the formula: ((observed - predicted abundance)/(observed + predicted abundance)) ?? 100. This estimate also corresponds to the observed:predicted abundance ratio, which allows easy interpretation of results. We illustrated this methodology using two hypothetical species that differed in water depth and wetland preferences. Comparisons of wetlands, using both observed and relative corrected abundances, indicated that relative corrected abundance adequately separates the effect of water depth from the effect of wetlands. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.007","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Bolduc, F., and Afton, A., 2008, Monitoring waterbird abundance in wetlands: The importance of controlling results for variation in water depth: Ecological Modelling, v. 216, no. 3-4, p. 402-408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.007.","startPage":"402","endPage":"408","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.007"}],"volume":"216","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolduc, F.","contributorId":76444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolduc","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70000095,"text":"70000095 - 2008 - Sources and fate of nitrate in the Illinois River Basin, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:35","indexId":"70000095","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:24","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources and fate of nitrate in the Illinois River Basin, Illinois","docAbstract":"We conducted a two-year investigation into the sources and fate of nitrate (NO3-) in the Illinois River from the Chicago area to the river's confluence with the Mississippi River. Samples from waterways in the Chicago area (Des Plaines River and the Sanitary and Ship Canal) had relatively high concentrations of nitrogen (N) species and NO3- isotopic compositions indicative of treated wastewater (TWW). Downstream of the Brandon Road Lock and Dam, NO3- in tributaries discharging to the Illinois River primarily comes from tiles draining row crops. Nitrate isotopic signatures from these tributaries as well as drain tiles were indicative of synthetic fertilizer and/or soil organic matter (SOM) at various stages of denitrification. Nitrate-N concentrations generally decreased in the Illinois River with distance from the Chicago area primarily due to dilution. The decrease in NO3-N concentrations was especially conspicuous during the summer, when there is minimal discharge from drain tiles and NO3-N concentrations in the tributaries were low. In August 2005, when conditions were very dry, NO3-N concentrations decreased from 7.4 mg/L in the Chicago area to less than 1 mg/L near where the Illinois River discharges to the Mississippi River. The isotopic composition of NO3- in water samples from the Illinois River were a mixture of three end members: (1) fertilizer and/or SOM in drain tile water, typically showing the least amount of denitrification, (2) fertilizer and/or SOM in deeper ground water, showing the highest degree of denitrification, and (3) TWW. There was seasonal variability, depending on the volume of water flowing in the Illinois River. During high flow periods, river water samples plotted closest to those of tile drain samples; during low flow periods, a greater influence of TWW was observed in the isotopic composition. A subset of summer samples from the Chicago waterways had isotopic values plotting near and within the domain that characterizes manure and sewage. Nitrate in the Chicago area is primarily derived from TWW, with its isotopic signature evident downstream at least as far as Pekin during most of the year and all the way to the Mississippi River during periods of low flow. Denitrification occurs predominantly in groundwater between and away from drain tiles, although there is evidence that in-stream denitrification and/or biological uptake of NO3- occurs in the Peoria Lake reach of the Illinois River, at least during periods of low flow in the summer. We calculated that the river was losing about half of its NO3-N load in Peoria Lake in August 2005 (a period of very low flow), at a rate of about 7500 kg/day.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.027","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Kelly, W., Hackley, K.C., Hwang, H., and Martinsek, A., 2008, Sources and fate of nitrate in the Illinois River Basin, Illinois: Journal of Hydrology, v. 359, no. 1-2, p. 174-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.027.","startPage":"174","endPage":"188","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18667,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.027"}],"volume":"359","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4881e4b07f02db51675d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, W.R.","contributorId":74120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, H.-H.","contributorId":6981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martinsek, A.T.","contributorId":100107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinsek","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}