{"pageNumber":"228","pageRowStart":"5675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16449,"records":[{"id":70000030,"text":"70000030 - 2008 - Microbial and chemical factors influencing methane production in laboratory incubations of low-rank subsurface coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:15:19","indexId":"70000030","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial and chemical factors influencing methane production in laboratory incubations of low-rank subsurface coals","docAbstract":"Lignite and subbituminous coals were investigated for their ability to support microbial methane production in laboratory incubations. Results show that naturally-occurring microorganisms associated with the coals produced substantial quantities of methane, although the factors influencing this process were variable among different samples tested. Methanogenic microbes in two coals from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA, produced 140.5-374.6 mL CH<sub>4</sub>/kg ((4.5-12.0 standard cubic feet (scf)/ton) in response to an amendment of H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>. The addition of high concentrations (5-10 mM) of acetate did not support substantive methane production under the laboratory conditions. However, acetate accumulated in control incubations where methanogenesis was inhibited, indicating that acetate was produced and consumed during the course of methane production. Acetogenesis from H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> was evident in these incubations and may serve as a competing metabolic mode influencing the cumulative amount of methane produced in coal. Two low-rank (lignite A) coals from Fort Yukon, Alaska, USA, demonstrated a comparable level of methane production (131.1-284.0 mL CH4/kg (4.2-9.1 scf/ton)) in the presence of an inorganic nutrient amendment, indicating that the source of energy and organic carbon was derived from the coal. The concentration of chloroform-extractable organic matter varied by almost three orders of magnitude among all the coals tested, and appeared to be related to methane production potential. These results indicate that substrate availability within the coal matrix and competition between different groups of microorganisms are two factors that may exert a profound influence on methanogenesis in subsurface coal beds.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.019","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Harris, S.H., Smith, R.L., and Barker, C., 2008, Microbial and chemical factors influencing methane production in laboratory incubations of low-rank subsurface coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 76, no. 1-2, p. 46-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.019.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18635,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2008.05.019"},{"id":203679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62df1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Stephen H.","contributorId":20055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224858,"text":"5224858 - 2008 - Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina bay wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224858","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina bay wetlands","docAbstract":"Carolina bays and similar depression wetlands of the U.S. Southeastern Coastal Plain have hydrologic regimes that are driven primarily by rainfall.  Therefore, climate fluctuations such as drought cycles have the potential to shape long-term vegetation dynamics.  Models suggest two potential long-term responses to hydrologic fluctuations, either cyclic change maintaining open emergent vegetation, or directional succession toward forest vegetation.  In seven Carolina bay wetlands on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, we assessed hydrologic variation and vegetation response over a 15-year period spanning two drought and reinundation cycles.  Changes in pond stage (water depth) were monitored bi-weekly to monthly each year from 1989?2003.  Vegetation composition was sampled in three years (1989, 1993, and 2003) and analyzed in relation to changes in hydrologic conditions.  Multi-year droughts occurred prior to the 1989 and 2003 sampling years, whereas 1993 coincided with a wet period. Wetland plant species generally maintained dominance after both wet and dry conditions, but the abundances of different plant growth forms and species indicator categories shifted over the 15-year period.  Decreased hydroperiods and water depths during droughts led to increased cover of grass, upland, and woody species, particularly at the shallower wetland margins.  Conversely, reinundation and longer hydroperiods resulted in expansion of aquatic and emergent species and reduced the cover of flood-intolerant woody and upland species.  These semi-permanent Upper Coastal Plain bays generally exhibited cyclic vegetation dynamics in response to climate fluctuation, with wet periods favoring dominance by herbaceous species.  Large basin morphology and deep ponding, paired with surrounding upland forest dominated by flood-intolerant pines, were features contributing to persistence of herbaceous vegetation.  Drought cycles may promote directional succession to forest in bays that are smaller, shallower, or colonized by flood-tolerant hardwoods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6914_Stroh.pdf","usgsCitation":"Stroh, C., De Steven, D., and Guntenspergen, G., 2008, Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina bay wetlands: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 1, p. 17-27.","productDescription":"17-27","startPage":"17","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16900,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1672%2F06-117.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62574d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stroh, C.L.","contributorId":77273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroh","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Steven, D.","contributorId":55123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Steven","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035300,"text":"70035300 - 2008 - Electrical characterization of non‐Fickian transport in groundwater and hyporheic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T11:57:31","indexId":"70035300","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical characterization of non‐Fickian transport in groundwater and hyporheic systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent work indicates that processes controlling solute mass transfer between mobile and less mobile domains in porous media may be quantified by combining electrical geophysical methods and electrically conductive tracers. Whereas direct geochemical measurements of solute preferentially sample the mobile domain, electrical geophysical methods are sensitive to changes in bulk electrical conductivity (bulk EC) and therefore sample EC in both the mobile and immobile domains. Consequently, the conductivity difference between direct geochemical samples and remotely sensed electrical geophysical measurements may provide an indication of mass transfer rates and mobile and immobile porosities in situ. Here we present (1) an overview of a theoretical framework for determining parameters controlling mass transfer with electrical resistivity in situ; (2) a review of a case study estimating mass transfer processes in a pilot‐scale aquifer storage recovery test; and (3) an example application of this method for estimating mass transfer in watershed settings between streams and the hyporheic corridor. We demonstrate that numerical simulations of electrical resistivity studies of the stream/hyporheic boundary can help constrain volumes and rates of mobile‐immobile mass transfer. We conclude with directions for future research applying electrical geophysics to understand field‐scale transport in aquifer and fluvial systems subject to rate‐limited mass transfer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2008WR007048","usgsCitation":"Singha, K., Pidlisecky, A., Day-Lewis, F.D., and Gooseff, M.N., 2008, Electrical characterization of non‐Fickian transport in groundwater and hyporheic systems: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 4, W00D07; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007048.","productDescription":"W00D07; 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-006019","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007048","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a088ee4b0c8380cd51b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pidlisecky, Adam","contributorId":94877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pidlisecky","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":71880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5200343,"text":"5200343 - 2008 - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 5) salt marsh study, 2001 to 2006: an assessment of hydrologic alterations on salt marsh ecosystems along the Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5200343","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 5) salt marsh study, 2001 to 2006: an assessment of hydrologic alterations on salt marsh ecosystems along the Atlantic Coast","language":"English","publisher":"USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and University of Rhode Island ","collaboration":"Submitted to:  Janith Taylor, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5, Newington, NH 03801. This project was funded by the USGS and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Cooperative Agreement 1434-99-HQAG0023, Sub-agreement 99023HS008, to the University of Rhode Island.  PDF on file: 6959_James-Pirri.pdf 10.7 MB","usgsCitation":"James-Pirri, M., Erwin, R., and Prosser, D., 2008, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Region 5) salt marsh study, 2001 to 2006: an assessment of hydrologic alterations on salt marsh ecosystems along the Atlantic Coast, ix, 413.","productDescription":"ix, 413","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613a70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James-Pirri, M.J.","contributorId":93589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James-Pirri","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prosser, D.J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":65185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97340,"text":"fs20083098 - 2008 - Borehole Geophysical Logging Program: Incorporating New and Existing Techniques in Hydrologic Studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:28","indexId":"fs20083098","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-3098","title":"Borehole Geophysical Logging Program: Incorporating New and Existing Techniques in Hydrologic Studies","docAbstract":"The borehole geophysical logging program at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC) provides subsurface information needed to resolve geologic, hydrologic, and environmental issues in Florida. The program includes the acquisition, processing, display, interpretation, and archiving of borehole geophysical logs. The borehole geophysical logging program is a critical component of many FISC investigations, including hydrogeologic framework studies, aquifer flow-zone characterization, and freshwater-saltwater interface delineation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20083098","usgsCitation":"Wacker, M.A., and Cunningham, K.J., 2008, Borehole Geophysical Logging Program: Incorporating New and Existing Techniques in Hydrologic Studies: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3098, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20083098.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2008_3098.jpg"},{"id":12393,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602a20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wacker, Michael A. mwacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"Michael","email":"mwacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97328,"text":"sir20085149 - 2008 - Summary of aquifer test data for Arkansas – 1940-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T22:18:43.025867","indexId":"sir20085149","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5149","title":"Summary of aquifer test data for Arkansas – 1940-2006","docAbstract":"As demands on Arkansas's ground water continue to increase, decision-makers need all available information to ensure the sustainability of this important natural resource. From 1940 through 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted over 300 aquifer tests in Arkansas. Much of these data never have been published. This report presents the results from 206 of these aquifer tests from 21 different hydrogeologic units spread across 51 Arkansas counties. Ten of the hydrogeologic units are within the Atlantic Plain of Arkansas and consist mostly of unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. The remaining 11 units are within the Interior Highlands consisting mainly of consolidated rock.\r\n\r\nDescriptive statistics are reported for each hydrologic unit with two or more tests, including the mean, minimum, median, maximum and standard deviation values for specific capacity, transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and storage coefficient.\r\n\r\nHydraulic conductivity values for the major water-bearing hydrogeologic units are estimated because few conductivity values are recorded in the original records. Nearly all estimated hydraulic conductivity values agree with published hydraulic conductivity values based on the hydrogeologic unit material types. Similarly, because few specific capacity values were available in the original aquifer test records, specific capacity values are estimated for individual wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085149","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., 2008, Summary of aquifer test data for Arkansas – 1940-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5149, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085149.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","temporalStart":"1940-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86410.htm"},{"id":12382,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5149.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":97317,"text":"sir20085198 - 2008 - Prevalence of tumors in brown bullhead from three lakes in southeastern Massachusetts, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T09:55:58","indexId":"sir20085198","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5198","displayTitle":"Prevalence of Tumors in Brown Bullhead from Three Lakes in Southeastern Massachusetts, 2002","title":"Prevalence of tumors in brown bullhead from three lakes in southeastern Massachusetts, 2002","docAbstract":"The Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR) has been a military base on western Cape Cod since the early 1900s. Contaminated surface water and ground water from the MMR have discharged into several kettle lakes on or near the base. To discover whether the prevalences of tumors and other lesions in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in these lakes, particularly Ashumet Pond, were elevated above normal, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), assisted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MADFW), conducted a study in 2002 of brown bullhead in Ashumet Pond and in two reference lakes, Santuit Pond (on Cape Cod) and Great Herring Pond (on the mainland of Massachusetts). Brown bullhead from Great Herring Pond had few external raised lesions (2.8 percent), a low prevalence of liver neoplasms (5 percent), and little genetic damage to their red blood cell nuclei. Brown bullhead from Ashumet Pond had a high prevalence of raised lesions (62.1 percent), which included histopathologically verified papillomas and squamous carcinoma; an elevated incidence of liver neoplasms (16.7 percent); and an elevated level of genetic damage to their red blood cell nuclei. Because red blood cells in fish have a lifespan of about 100 days, these results indicate an ongoing exposure to genotoxins in Ashumet Pond. Brown bullhead from Santuit Pond also had elevated prevalences of raised lesions (48.3 percent) and liver neoplasms (15 percent), although the prevalences of large and multiple lesions were significantly lower than those in fish from Ashumet Pond. These differences may indicate differing causes of pathology in the two lakes. The high prevalence of melanistic lesions on brown bullhead from Ashumet Pond, combined with the tumor pathology and genetic damage, implicates chemical carcinogens as one of the causal factors in that lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085198","isbn":"9781411323247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Baumann, P.C., LeBlanc, D.R., Blazer, V., Meier, J.R., Hurley, S., and Kiryu, Y., 2008, Prevalence of tumors in brown bullhead from three lakes in southeastern Massachusetts, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5198, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085198.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12369,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5198/pdf/sir2008-5198.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.75,41.5 ], [ -70.75,41.916666666666664 ], [ -70.33333333333333,41.916666666666664 ], [ -70.33333333333333,41.5 ], [ -70.75,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a52a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baumann, Paul C.","contributorId":104455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumann","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meier, John R.","contributorId":39483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hurley, Stephen T.","contributorId":108214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"Stephen T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kiryu, Yasu","contributorId":95972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiryu","given":"Yasu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97295,"text":"sir20085224 - 2008 - Statistical analysis of major ion and trace element geochemistry of water, 1986-2006, at seven wells transecting the freshwater/saline-water interface of the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T20:22:47.879504","indexId":"sir20085224","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5224","title":"Statistical analysis of major ion and trace element geochemistry of water, 1986-2006, at seven wells transecting the freshwater/saline-water interface of the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>This report by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, describes the results of a statistical analysis of major ion and trace element geochemistry of water at seven wells transecting the freshwater/saline-water interface of the Edwards aquifer in San Antonio, Texas, either over time or in response to variations in hydrologic conditions. The data used in this report were collected during 1986&ndash;2006. The seven monitoring wells are screened at different depths in the aquifer at three sites that form a generally north-to-south transect. The three wells of the southern site and the deeper of the two middle-site wells are open to the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, which contains saline water. The shallower well of the middle site and the two wells of the northern site are open to the freshwater zone.</p>\n<p>Mean specific conductance (SC) values were greater at transition-zone wells than at freshwater-zone wells, but SC did not vary systematically with depth. Concentrations of all major ions except bicarbonate were greater at transition-zone wells than at freshwater-zone wells, but concentrations tended to be more variable at freshwater-zone wells. Mean molar ratios of magnesium:calcium, sulfate:chloride, and sodium:chloride were similar at transition-zone wells and freshwater-zone wells. Concentrations of trace elements for many water samples at the seven transect wells were below the laboratory analytical reporting level. Detections of trace elements were more frequent at transition-zone wells, and mean concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and silver were elevated at transition-zone wells relative to freshwater-zone wells.</p>\n<p>All strong correlations between SC and major ions were positive, and in general there were more and stronger correlations between SC and major ions in the water from the freshwater-zone wells than from the transition-zone wells. Except for the shallowest transition-zone well, the transition-zone wells had relatively few strong correlations overall. The lack of a strong correlation indicates that much of the variability in the major ion concentrations at these wells might be a result of analytical variability caused by the multiple laboratory analytical methods used. In most cases, strong correlations between concentrations of trace elements were positive, and transition-zone wells and freshwater-zone wells had water with a similar number of significant correlations.</p>\n<p>Principal components analysis indicates dilution of ground water by low-ionic-strength meteoric water at the three freshwater-zone wells and at the shallowest transition-zone well. At the two deeper transition-zone wells at the southern site, principal components analysis indicates that there is no systematic variation in major ion concentrations. At three transition-zone wells, there was a general trend toward less salinity over the 21-year period of sampling. Trends in SC at the freshwater-zone wells were less consistent. There is no systematic change in the direction of trend in SC by water type (saline or fresh), between sites, or with depth. In general, trends in major ion concentrations corresponded to those in SC. For each trace element over the 21-year sampling period, there was either no trend or a downward trend.</p>\n<p>Relations between SC, major ions, and major ion molar ratios and hydrologic indicators (concurrent or prior time-averaged measures of water level and effective rainfall) were investigated. Correlations between geochemical variables and measures of water level in the freshwater-zone wells were much more frequent than correlations between geochemical variables and measures of water level in the transition-zone wells. There were correlations between SC and all measures of water level at the two freshwater-zone wells at the northern site, but there were no correlations between SC and any measures of water level at any transition-zone wells. SC was correlated with effective rainfall at all freshwater-zone wells and at one transition-zone well.</p>\n<p>The statistical analyses taken together indicate that the geochemistry at the freshwater-zone wells is more variable than that at the transition-zone wells. The geochemical variability at the freshwater-zone wells might result from dilution of ground water by meteoric water. This is indicated by relatively constant major ion molar ratios; a preponderance of positive correlations between SC, major ions, and trace elements; and a principal components analysis in which the major ions are strongly loaded on the first principal component. Much of the variability at three of the four transition-zone wells might result from the use of different laboratory analytical methods or reporting procedures during the period of sampling. This is reflected by a lack of correlation between SC and major ion concentrations at the transition-zone wells and by a principal components analysis in which the variability is fairly evenly distributed across several principal components. The statistical analyses further indicate that, although the transition-zone wells are less well connected to surficial hydrologic conditions than the freshwater-zone wells, there is some connection but the response time is longer.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., 2008, Statistical analysis of major ion and trace element geochemistry of water, 1986-2006, at seven wells transecting the freshwater/saline-water interface of the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5224, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085224.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1986-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420919,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86358.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327274,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5224/pdf/sir2008-5224.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12346,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5224/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5224.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","otherGeospatial":"Edwards aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.5,\n              29.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5,\n              29.4167\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.4,\n              29.4167\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.4,\n              29.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5,\n              29.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cae4b07f02db542bc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97287,"text":"sir20085100 - 2008 - Simulation of the Quantity, Variability, and Timing of Streamflow in the Dennys River Basin, Maine, by Use of a Precipitation-Runoff Watershed Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20085100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5100","title":"Simulation of the Quantity, Variability, and Timing of Streamflow in the Dennys River Basin, Maine, by Use of a Precipitation-Runoff Watershed Model","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Maine Department of Marine Resources Bureau of Sea Run Fisheries and Habitat, began a study in 2004 to characterize the quantity, variability, and timing of streamflow in the Dennys River. The study included a synoptic summary of historical streamflow data at a long-term streamflow gage, collecting data from an additional four short-term streamflow gages, and the development and evaluation of a distributed-parameter watershed model for the Dennys River Basin. The watershed model used in this investigation was the USGS Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). \r\n\r\nThe Geographic Information System (GIS) Weasel was used to delineate the Dennys River Basin and subbasins and derive parameters for their physical geographic features. Calibration of the models used in this investigation involved a four-step procedure in which model output was evaluated against four calibration data sets using computed objective functions for solar radiation, potential evapotranspiration, annual and seasonal water budgets, and daily streamflows. The calibration procedure involved thousands of model runs and was carried out using the USGS software application Luca (Let us calibrate). Luca uses the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) global search algorithm to calibrate the model parameters. The SCE method reliably produces satisfactory solutions for large, complex optimization problems. The primary calibration effort went into the Dennys main stem watershed model. Calibrated parameter values obtained for the Dennys main stem model were transferred to the Cathance Stream model, and a similar four-step SCE calibration procedure was performed; this effort was undertaken to determine the potential to transfer modeling information to a nearby basin in the same region. The calibrated Dennys main stem watershed model performed with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) statistic values for the calibration period and evaluation period of 0.79 and 0.76, respectively. The Cathance Stream model had an NSE value of 0.68. \r\n\r\nThe Dennys River Basin models make use of limited streamflow-gaging station data and provide information to characterize subbasin hydrology. The calibrated PRMS watershed models of the Dennys River Basin provide simulated daily streamflow time series from October 1, 1985, through September 30, 2006, for nearly any location within the basin. These models enable natural-resources managers to characterize the timing and quantity of water moving through the basin to support many endeavors including geochemical calculations, water-use assessment, Atlantic salmon population dynamics and migration modeling, habitat modeling and assessment, and other resource-management scenario evaluations. Characterizing streamflow contributions from subbasins in the basin and the relative amounts of surface- and ground-water contributions to streamflow throughout the basin will lead to a better understanding of water quantity and quality in the basin. Improved water-resources information will support Atlantic salmon protection efforts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Department of Marine Resources Bureau of Sea Run Fisheries and Habitat","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., 2008, Simulation of the Quantity, Variability, and Timing of Streamflow in the Dennys River Basin, Maine, by Use of a Precipitation-Runoff Watershed Model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5100, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085100.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12338,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69,44 ], [ -69,46 ], [ -66.75,46 ], [ -66.75,44 ], [ -69,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97278,"text":"sir20085174 - 2008 - Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T21:18:52.546579","indexId":"sir20085174","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5174","title":"Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2006","docAbstract":"<p>The City of Tulsa, Oklahoma, uses Lake Eucha and Spavinaw Lake in the Eucha-Spavinaw basin in northwestern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma for public water supply. Taste and odor problems in the water attributable to blue-green algae have increased in frequency. Changes in the algae community in the lakes may be attributable to increases in nutrient levels in the lakes, and in the waters feeding the lakes. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, investigated and summarized nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and provided estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus loads, yields, and flow-weighted concentrations in the Eucha-Spavinaw basin for three 3-year periods—2002–2004, 2003–2005, and 2004–2006, to update a previous report that used data from water-quality samples for a 3-year period from January 2002 through December 2004. This report provides information needed to advance knowledge of the regional hydrologic system and understanding of hydrologic processes, and provides hydrologic data and results useful to multiple agencies for interstate agreements.</p><p>Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were significantly greater in runoff samples than in base-flow samples for all three periods at Spavinaw Creek near Maysville, Arkansas; Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Oklahoma, and Beaty Creek near Jay, Oklahoma. Runoff concentrations were not significantly greater than base-flow concentrations at Spavinaw Creek near Cherokee, Arkansas; and Spavinaw Creek near Sycamore, Oklahoma except for phosphorus during 2003–2005.</p><p>Nitrogen concentrations in base-flow samples significantly increased downstream in Spavinaw Creek from the Maysville to Sycamore stations then significantly decreased from the Sycamore to the Colcord stations for all three periods. Nitrogen in base-flow samples from Beaty Creek was significantly less than in samples from Spavinaw Creek. Phosphorus concentrations in base-flow samples significantly increased from the Maysville to Cherokee stations in Spavinaw Creek for all three periods, probably because of a wastewater-treatment plant point source between those stations, and then significantly decreased downstream from the Cherokee to Colcord stations. Phosphorus in base-flow samples from Beaty Creek was significantly less than phosphorus in base-flow samples from Spavinaw Creek downstream from the Maysville station. Nitrogen concentrations in runoff samples were not significantly different among the stations on Spavinaw Creek for most of the three periods, except during 2003–2005 when runoff samples at the Colcord station were less than at the Sycamore station; however, the concentrations at Beaty Creek were significantly less than at all other stations. Phosphorus concentrations in runoff samples were not significantly different among the three downstream stations on Spavinaw Creek and were significantly different at the Maysville station on Spavinaw Creek and the Beaty Creek station, only during 2004–2006. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in runoff samples from all stations generally increased with increasing streamflow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Tulsa, Oklahoma","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., 2008, Nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2002-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5174, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085174.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430630,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86351.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12329,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Eucha-Spavinaw Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.25,36.166666666666664 ], [ -95.25,36.5 ], [ -94.25,36.5 ], [ -94.25,36.166666666666664 ], [ -95.25,36.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97279,"text":"sir20085199 - 2008 - Hydrologic Drought of Water Year 2006 Compared with Four Major Drought Periods of the 20th Century in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20085199","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5199","title":"Hydrologic Drought of Water Year 2006 Compared with Four Major Drought Periods of the 20th Century in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Water Year 2006 (October 1, 2005, to September 30, 2006) was a year of extreme hydrologic drought and the driest year in the recent 2002-2006 drought in Oklahoma. The severity of this recent drought can be evaluated by comparing it with four previous major hydrologic droughts, water years 1929-41, 1952-56, 1961-72, and 1976-81. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, completed an investigation to summarize the Water Year 2006 hydrologic drought and compare it to the four previous major hydrologic droughts in the 20th century.\r\n\r\nThe period of water years 1925-2006 was selected as the period of record because before 1925 few continuous record streamflow-gaging sites existed and gaps existed where no streamflow-gaging sites were operated. Statewide annual precipitation in Water Year 2006 was second driest and statewide annual runoff in Water Year 2006 was sixth driest in the 82 years of record.\r\n\r\nAnnual area-averaged precipitation totals by the nine National Weather Service Climate Divisions from Water Year 2006 are compared to those during four previous major hydrologic droughts to show how rainfall deficits in Oklahoma varied by region. Only two of the nine climate divisions, Climate Division 1 Panhandle and Climate Division 4 West Central, had minor rainfall deficits, while the rest of the climate divisions had severe rainfall deficits in Water Year 2006 ranging from only 65 to 73 percent of normal annual precipitation.\r\n\r\nRegional streamflow patterns for Water Year 2006 indicate that Oklahoma was part of the regionwide below-normal streamflow conditions for Arkansas-White-Red River Basin, the sixth driest since 1930. The percentage of long-term stations in Oklahoma (with at least 30 years of record) having below-normal streamflow reached 80 to 85 percent for some days in August and November 2006.\r\n\r\nTwelve long-term streamflow-gaging sites with periods of record ranging from 62 to 78 years were selected to show how streamflow deficits varied by region. The hydrologic drought worsened going from north to south in Oklahoma, ranging from 45 percent in the north, to just 14 percent in east-central Oklahoma, and 20 percent of normal annual streamflow in the southwest.\r\n\r\nThe low streamflows resulted in only 86.3 percent of the statewide conservation storage available at the end of the water year in major reservoirs, and 7 to 47 percent of hydroelectric power generation at sites in Oklahoma in Calendar Year 2005.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Tortorelli, R.L., 2008, Hydrologic Drought of Water Year 2006 Compared with Four Major Drought Periods of the 20th Century in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5199, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085199.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12330,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103,33 ], [ -103,38 ], [ -94,38 ], [ -94,33 ], [ -103,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60edc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tortorelli, Robert L.","contributorId":65071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tortorelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97273,"text":"sir20075257 - 2008 - Use of inverse-modeling methods to improve ground-water-model calibration and evaluate model-prediction uncertainty, Camp Edwards, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T12:31:33","indexId":"sir20075257","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5257","title":"Use of inverse-modeling methods to improve ground-water-model calibration and evaluate model-prediction uncertainty, Camp Edwards, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Historical weapons testing and disposal activities at Camp Edwards, which is located on the Massachusetts Military Reservation, western Cape Cod, have resulted in the release of contaminants into an underlying sand and gravel aquifer that is the sole source of potable water to surrounding communities. Ground-water models have been used at the site to simulate advective transport in the aquifer in support of field investigations. Reasonable models developed by different groups and calibrated by trial and error often yield different predictions of advective transport, and the predictions lack quantitative measures of uncertainty. A recently (2004) developed regional model of western Cape Cod, modified to include the sensitivity and parameter-estimation capabilities of MODFLOW-2000, was used in this report to evaluate the utility of inverse (statistical) methods to (1) improve model calibration and (2) assess model-prediction uncertainty.\r\n\r\nSimulated heads and flows were most sensitive to recharge and to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the Buzzards Bay and Sandwich Moraines and the Buzzards Bay and northern parts of the Mashpee outwash plains. Conversely, simulated heads and flows were much less sensitive to vertical hydraulic conductivity. Parameter estimation (inverse calibration) improved the match to observed heads and flows; the absolute mean residual for heads improved by 0.32 feet and the absolute mean residual for streamflows improved by about 0.2 cubic feet per second. Advective-transport predictions in Camp Edwards generally were most sensitive to the parameters with the highest precision (lowest coefficients of variation), indicating that the numerical model is adequate for evaluating prediction uncertainties in and around Camp Edwards. The incorporation of an advective-transport observation, representing the leading edge of a contaminant plume that had been difficult to match by using trial-and-error calibration, improved the match between an observed and simulated plume path; however, a modified representation of local geology was needed to simultaneously maintain a reasonable calibration to heads and flows and to the plume path.\r\n\r\nAdvective-transport uncertainties were expressed as about 68-, 95-, and 99-percent confidence intervals on three dimensional simulated particle positions. The confidence intervals can be graphically represented as ellipses around individual particle positions in the X-Y (geographic) plane and in the X-Z or Y-Z (vertical) planes. The merging of individual ellipses allows uncertainties on forward particle tracks to be displayed in map or cross-sectional view as a cone of uncertainty around a simulated particle path; uncertainties on reverse particle-track endpoints - representing simulated recharge locations - can be geographically displayed as areas at the water table around the discrete particle endpoints. This information gives decisionmakers insight into the level of confidence they can have in particle-tracking results and can assist them in the efficient use of available field resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075257","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Impact Area Groundwater Study Program of the National Guard Bureau and U.S. Army Environmental Command","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2008, Use of inverse-modeling methods to improve ground-water-model calibration and evaluate model-prediction uncertainty, Camp Edwards, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5257, viii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075257.","productDescription":"viii, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5257.jpg"},{"id":12323,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.71666666666667,41.46666666666667 ], [ -70.71666666666667,41.8 ], [ -70.11666666666666,41.8 ], [ -70.11666666666666,41.46666666666667 ], [ -70.71666666666667,41.46666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60519c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97253,"text":"ofr20081329 - 2008 - USGS Gulf Coast Science Conference and Florida Integrated Science Center Meeting: Proceedings with abstracts, October 20-23, 2008, Orlando, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T16:45:26.981608","indexId":"ofr20081329","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1329","title":"USGS Gulf Coast Science Conference and Florida Integrated Science Center Meeting: Proceedings with abstracts, October 20-23, 2008, Orlando, Florida","docAbstract":"Welcome!\r\nThe USGS is the Nation's premier source of information in support of science-based decision making for resource management. We are excited to have the opportunity to bring together a diverse array of USGS scientists, managers, specialists, and others from science centers around the Gulf working on biologic, geologic, and hydrologic issues related to the Gulf of Mexico and the State of Florida.\r\nWe've organized the meeting around the major themes outlined in the USGS Circular 1309, Facing Tomorrow's Challenges - U.S. Geological Survey Science in the Decade 2007-2017. USGS senior leadership will provide a panel discussion about the Gulf of Mexico and Integrated Science. Capstone talks will summarize major topics and key issues. Interactive poster sessions each evening will provide the opportunity for you to present your results and talk with your peers. We hope that discussions and interactions at this meeting will help USGS scientists working in Florida and the Gulf Coast region find common interests, forge scientific collaborations and chart a direction for the future.\r\nWe hope that the meeting environment will encourage interaction, innovation and stimulate ideas among the many scientists working throughout the region. We'd like to create a community of practice across disciplines and specialties that will help us address complex scientific and societal issues.\r\nPlease take advantage of this opportunity to visit with colleagues, get to know new ones, share ideas and brainstorm about future possibilities.\r\nIt is our pleasure to provide this opportunity. We are glad you're here.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081329","usgsCitation":"2008, USGS Gulf Coast Science Conference and Florida Integrated Science Center Meeting: Proceedings with abstracts, October 20-23, 2008, Orlando, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1329, iv, 157 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081329.","productDescription":"iv, 157 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-10-20","temporalEnd":"2008-10-23","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12302,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1329/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db61184c","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Lavoie, Dawn L. dlavoie@usgs.gov","contributorId":3006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"Dawn","email":"dlavoie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730135,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosen, Barry H. 0000-0002-8016-3939 brosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-3939","contributorId":2844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Barry","email":"brosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730136,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sumner, Dave","contributorId":101764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730137,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730138,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tihansky, Ann B. tihansky@usgs.gov","contributorId":2477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tihansky","given":"Ann","email":"tihansky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730139,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boynton, Betsy bboynton@usgs.gov","contributorId":3360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boynton","given":"Betsy","email":"bboynton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730140,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koenig, Renee","contributorId":39831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Renee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730141,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":7}],"editors":[{"text":"Lavoie, Dawn L. dlavoie@usgs.gov","contributorId":3006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"Dawn","email":"dlavoie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730128,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosen, Barry H. 0000-0002-8016-3939 brosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-3939","contributorId":2844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Barry","email":"brosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730129,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sumner, Dave","contributorId":101764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730130,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730131,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tihansky, Ann B. tihansky@usgs.gov","contributorId":2477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tihansky","given":"Ann","email":"tihansky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730132,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boynton, Betsy bboynton@usgs.gov","contributorId":3360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boynton","given":"Betsy","email":"bboynton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730133,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Koenig, Renee","contributorId":39831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Renee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730134,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":97247,"text":"ofr20081282 - 2008 - Framework for Evaluating Water Quality of the New England Crystalline Rock Aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:27:35","indexId":"ofr20081282","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1282","title":"Framework for Evaluating Water Quality of the New England Crystalline Rock Aquifers","docAbstract":"Little information exists on regional ground-water-quality patterns for the New England crystalline rock aquifers (NECRA). A systematic approach to facilitate regional evaluation is needed for several reasons. First, the NECRA are vulnerable to anthropogenic and natural contaminants such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), arsenic, and radon gas. Second, the physical characteristics of the aquifers, termed 'intrinsic susceptibility', can lead to variable and degraded water quality. A framework approach for characterizing the aquifer region into areas of similar hydrogeology is described in this report and is based on hypothesized relevant physical features and chemical conditions (collectively termed 'variables') that affect regional patterns of ground-water quality. A framework for comparison of water quality across the NECRA consists of a group of spatial variables related to aquifer properties, hydrologic conditions, and contaminant sources. These spatial variables are grouped under four general categories (features) that can be mapped across the aquifers: (1) geologic, (2) hydrophysiographic, (3) land-use land-cover, and (4) geochemical. On a regional scale, these variables represent indicators of natural and anthropogenic sources of contaminants, as well as generalized physical and chemical characteristics of the aquifer system that influence ground-water chemistry and flow. These variables can be used in varying combinations (depending on the contaminant) to categorize the aquifer into areas of similar hydrogeologic characteristics to evaluate variation in regional water quality through statistical testing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081282","usgsCitation":"Harte, P.T., Robinson, G.R., Ayotte, J., and Flanagan, S., 2008, Framework for Evaluating Water Quality of the New England Crystalline Rock Aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1282, x, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081282.","productDescription":"x, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12314,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1282/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77,38 ], [ -77,48 ], [ -66,48 ], [ -66,38 ], [ -77,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a885c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97241,"text":"sir20075259 - 2008 - Use of Numerical Models to Simulate Transport of Sewage-Derived Nitrate in a Coastal Aquifer, Central and Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:28","indexId":"sir20075259","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5259","title":"Use of Numerical Models to Simulate Transport of Sewage-Derived Nitrate in a Coastal Aquifer, Central and Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The unconsolidated glacial sediments underlying Cape Cod, Massachusetts compose a regional aquifer system that is used both as a source of drinking water and as a disposal site for wastewater; in addition, the discharge of clean ground water from the aquifer system is needed for the maintenance of freshwater and marine ecosystems throughout the region. Because these uses of the aquifer conflict with one another in many areas of the Cape, local and regional planners have begun to develop sustainable wastewater plans that will facilitate the disposal of wastewater while protecting water supplies and improving the health of aquatic ecosystems. To assist local and regional planners in these efforts, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a 2-year investigation to (1) assist local and regional planners in the evaluation of potential wastewater scenarios, (2) use results and interpretation from these analyses to develop hydrologic concepts transferable throughout the region, and (3) establish and test methods that would be of use in future evaluations.\r\n\r\nWastewater-disposal scenarios need to be evaluated in the context of the regional ground-water-flow system. For a given rate of disposal, wastewater from sites at or near a regional ground-water divide is transported in a wider arc of flow directions, flows deeper in the system, and contaminates a larger part of the aquifer than does wastewater discharged from sites farther from the divide. Also, traveltimes of wastewater from sites near a ground-water divide to receptors are longer (as much as several hundred years) than traveltimes from sites farther from the divide. Thus, wastewater disposal at or near a divide will affect a larger part of the aquifer and likely contribute wastewater to more receptors than wastewater disposal farther from a divide; however, longer traveltimes could allow for more attenuation of wastewater-derived nitrate from those sites.\r\n\r\nGround-water-flow models and particle tracking can be used to identify advective-transport patterns downgradient from wastewater-disposal sites and estimate traveltimes; however, these tools cannot predict the distribution of mass or concentrations of wastewater constituents, such as nitrate, in the aquifer. Flow-based particle-tracking analyses can be used to estimate mass-loading rates and time-varying concentrations at wells and ecological receptors by the accounting of mass-weighted particles discharging into the receptor of interest. This method requires no additional development beyond the flow model; however, post-modeling analyses are required. In addition, the method is based on the assumption that no mass is lost during transport, an assumption that likely is not valid in many systems. Solute-transport models simulate the subsurface transport of nitrate through the aquifer and predict the distribution of the mass of a solute in the aquifer at different transport times. This method does require additional model development beyond the flow model, but can predict timevarying concentrations at receptors. Estimates of mass-loading rates require minimal post-modeling analyses.\r\n\r\nTime-varying concentrations and mass-loading rates calculated for wells in eastern Barnstable by the two methods generally were in reasonable agreement. Inherent in the flow-based particle-tracking method is the assumption that mass is conserved along a given flow line and that there is no spreading of mass in the aquifer. Although the solute-transport models also incorporate a system-wide conservation of mass, these models allow for a spreading of mass in the aquifer, and mass is not conserved along a given flow line. As a result, estimates of concentrations and mass loading rates generally were higher in particle-tracking analyses than in solute-transport simulations. Results from the two types of simulations agreed best for wells that receive large amounts of wastewater with short traveltimes (less than 10 years) because insufficient transport ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075259","isbn":"9781411322752","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Barnstable County and the Cape Cod Commission","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., 2008, Use of Numerical Models to Simulate Transport of Sewage-Derived Nitrate in a Coastal Aquifer, Central and Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5259, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075259.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5259.jpg"},{"id":12292,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.75,41.5 ], [ -70.75,41.833333333333336 ], [ -69.83333333333333,41.833333333333336 ], [ -69.83333333333333,41.5 ], [ -70.75,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97229,"text":"sir20085132 - 2008 - Simulated Effects of Year 2030 Water-Use and Land-Use Changes on Streamflow near the Interstate-495 Corridor, Assabet and Upper Charles River Basins, Eastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:30:34","indexId":"sir20085132","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5132","title":"Simulated Effects of Year 2030 Water-Use and Land-Use Changes on Streamflow near the Interstate-495 Corridor, Assabet and Upper Charles River Basins, Eastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Continued population growth and land development for commercial, industrial, and residential uses have created concerns regarding the future supply of potable water and the quantity of ground water discharging to streams in the area of Interstate 495 in eastern Massachusetts. Two ground-water models developed in 2002-2004 for the Assabet and Upper Charles River Basins were used to simulate water supply and land-use scenarios relevant for the entire Interstate-495 corridor. Future population growth, water demands, and commercial and residential growth were projected for year 2030 by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council. To assess the effects of future development on subbasin streamflows, seven scenarios were simulated by using existing computer-based ground-water-flow models with the data projected for year 2030.\r\n\r\nThe scenarios incorporate three categories of projected 2030 water- and land-use data: (1) 2030 water use, (2) 2030 land use, and (3) a combination of 2030 water use and 2030 land use. Hydrologic, land-use, and water-use data from 1997 through 2001 for the Assabet River Basin study and 1989 through 1998 for the Upper Charles River Basin study were used to represent current conditions - referred to as 'basecase' conditions - in each basin to which each 2030 scenario was compared.\r\n\r\nThe effects of projected 2030 land- and water-use change on streamflows in the Assabet River Basin depended upon the time of year, the hydrologic position of the subbasin in the larger basin, and the relative areas of new commercial and residential development projected for a subbasin. Effects of water use and land use on streamflow were evaluated by comparing average monthly nonstorm streamflow (base flow) for March and September simulated by using the models. The greatest decreases in streamflow (up to 76 percent in one subbasin), compared to the basecase, occurred in September, when streamflows are naturally at their lowest level. By contrast, simulated March streamflows decreased less than 6.5 percent from basecase streamflows in all subbasins for all scenarios.\r\n\r\nThe simulations showed similar effects in the Upper Charles River Basin, but increased water use contributed to decreased simulated streamflow in most subbasins. Simulated changes in March streamflows for 2030 in the Upper Charles River Basin were within +- 6 percent of the basecase for all scenarios and subbasins. Percentage decreases in simulated September streamflows for 2030 were greater than in March but less than the September decreases that resulted for some subbasins in the Assabet River Basin. Only two subbasins of the Upper Charles River Basin had projected decreases greater than 5 percent. In the Mill River subbasin, the decrease was 11 percent, and in the Mine Brook subbasin, 6.6 percent.\r\n\r\nChanges in water use and wastewater return flow generally were found to have the greatest effect in the summer months when streamflow and aquifer recharge rates are low and water use is high. September increases in main-stem streamflow of both basins were due mainly to increased discharge of treated effluent from wastewater-treatment facilities on the main-stem rivers. In the Assabet River Basin, wastewater-treatment-facility discharge became a smaller proportion of total streamflow with distance downstream. In contrast, wastewater-treatment facility discharge in the Upper Charles River Basin became a greater proportion of streamflow with distance downstream.\r\n\r\nThe effects of sewer-line extension and low-impact development on streamflows in two different subbasins of the Assabet River Basin also were simulated. The result of extending sewer lines with a corresponding decrease in septic-system return flow caused September streamflows to decrease as much as 15 percent in the Fort Pond Brook subbasin. The effect of low-impact development was simulated in the Hop Brook subbasin in areas projected for commercial development. In this simulation, the greater the area where low-i","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Area Planning Council","usgsCitation":"Carlson, C.S., DeSimone, L.A., and Weiskel, P.K., 2008, Simulated Effects of Year 2030 Water-Use and Land-Use Changes on Streamflow near the Interstate-495 Corridor, Assabet and Upper Charles River Basins, Eastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5132, Report + Appendixes: vi, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085132.","productDescription":"Report + Appendixes: vi, 100 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5132.jpg"},{"id":12279,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.75,42 ], [ -71.75,42.583333333333336 ], [ -71.25,42.583333333333336 ], [ -71.25,42 ], [ -71.75,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60295f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":195635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97224,"text":"sir20085230 - 2008 - Methods for estimating monthly and annual streamflow statistics at ungaged sites in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:06:52","indexId":"sir20085230","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5230","title":"Methods for estimating monthly and annual streamflow statistics at ungaged sites in Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>The monthly 80-, 50-, and 20-percent exceedance streamflows were calculated for 266 streamflow-gaging stations in Utah and the surrounding states. Using geographic information systems software, 24 physiographic and climatic basin characteristics were computed for each gaging station location. Using these data, regional regression equations were created to predict monthly 80-, 50-, and 20-percent streamflow and annual mean streamflow at ungaged sites in Utah. The state of Utah was divided into seven distinct geohydrologic regions on the basis of a variety of physiographic, climatic, and hydrologic characteristics. Separate regression equations were developed for each region except region 3, which was combined with region 5 because of the small number of gaging stations in region 3. Root mean square error percent for the equations ranged from 34 to 379 percent. The equations are more reliable for predicting high-streamflow statistics (20-percent exceedance) than for predicting the low-streamflow statistics (80-percent exceedance). In general, the mean annual streamflow equations had smaller errors than the monthly predicting equations. The developed equations documented in this report will be implemented in StreamStats, a USGS Web-based tool that allows users to obtain a variety of streamflow statistics and basin characteristics by selecting a location on a map interface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085230","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Utah Department of Natural Resources, Divisions of Water Rights and Water Resources, and the Utah Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Wilkowske, C.D., Kenney, T.A., and Wright, S.J., 2008, Methods for estimating monthly and annual streamflow statistics at ungaged sites in Utah (Version 2.0 April 2011): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5230, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085230.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","edition":"Version 2.0 April 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a0e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkowske, Chris D.","contributorId":107360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkowske","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenney, Terry A. 0000-0003-4477-7295 tkenney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-7295","contributorId":447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenney","given":"Terry","email":"tkenney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Shane J.","contributorId":105812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97220,"text":"ofr20081380 - 2008 - Geologic Maps and Cross Sections of the Tuba City Open Dump Site and Vicinity, With Implications for the Occurrence and Flow of Ground Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"ofr20081380","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1380","title":"Geologic Maps and Cross Sections of the Tuba City Open Dump Site and Vicinity, With Implications for the Occurrence and Flow of Ground Water","docAbstract":"This report is designed to make available to interested parties geologic and limited hydrologic and geochemical information about the Tuba City Open Dump (TCOD) site. This information has been gathered during studies of the site from January to September 2008. Mapping by the authors and construction of cross sections show that a section of gently northeast-dipping Jurassic sedimentary rocks underlies the TCOD and vicinity. Low mesas in the area are capped by variably cemented gravels and siliceous limestones. Surficial sediments are composed of eolian sand and fluvially reworked eolian sand that overlie bedrock underneath the TCOD. Nearby Pasture Canyon is underlain by fluvial and floodplain sediment consisting of sand and silt. Shallow ground water of the water-table aquifer at the TCOD moves westward through the surficial sediment and the underlying weathered bedrock to Pasture Canyon then southward along the canyon. A fracture zone extends up the wash that passes just to the north of the TCOD and brings deeper ground water of the N-aquifer to the water-table aquifer.\r\n\r\nBedrock consists of the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone composed of thick sections of eolian crossbedded sandstone with lesser laterally discontinuous layers of silty sandstone, siltstone, and limestone. Below the Navajo Sandstone is a section informally known as the Kayenta Formation-Navajo Sandstone transition zone. It is composed of calcareous sandstone, silty sandstone, siltstone, and limestone beds that intertongue with crossbedded sandstone. The finer grained rocks in both major bedrock units form aquitards that limit downward movement of ground water. The water-table aquifer is perched on these aquitards, which locally occurs beneath the two open dumps that form the TCOD site. A monocline occupies the position of Pasture Canyon west of the TCOD. Fractures likely related to the monocline are exposed in several localities.\r\n\r\nDeep ground waters consist of dilute calcium-bicarbonate waters low in all trace elements. Shallow ground water is variably affected by near-surface processes, which add varying amounts of sodium, chloride, sulfate, and trace elements. Locally, human influences, such as the TCOD, affect shallow ground-water chemistry.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081380","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Hopi Tribe, and the Navajo Nation","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., Johnson, R.H., and Horton, R., 2008, Geologic Maps and Cross Sections of the Tuba City Open Dump Site and Vicinity, With Implications for the Occurrence and Flow of Ground Water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1380, iv, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081380.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12269,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1380/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a83eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ray H.","contributorId":41920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, Robert 0000-0001-5578-3733 rhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3733","contributorId":612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Robert","email":"rhorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97216,"text":"sir20085140 - 2008 - Hydrologic investigations concerning lead mining issues in southeastern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T20:59:36.543717","indexId":"sir20085140","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5140","title":"Hydrologic investigations concerning lead mining issues in southeastern Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>Good stewardship of our Nation's natural resources demands that the extraction of exploitable, minable ore deposits be conducted in harmony with the protection of the environment, a dilemma faced by many land and water management agencies in the Nation's mining areas. As ore is mined, milled, and sent to the smelter, it leaves footprints where it has been in the form of residual trace metals. Often these footprints become remnants that can be detrimental to other natural resources. This emphasizes the importance of understanding the earth's complex physical and biological processes and their interactions at increasingly smaller scales because subtle changes in one component can substantially affect others. Understanding these changes and resulting effects requires an integrated, multidisciplinary scientific approach. </p><p>As ore reserves are depleted in one area, additional exploitable deposits are required to replace them, and at times these new deposits are discovered in previously unmined areas. Informed decisions concerning resource management in these new, proposed mining areas require an understanding of the potential consequences of the planned mining actions. This understanding is usually based on knowledge that has been accumulated from studying previously mined areas with similar geohydrologic and biologic conditions. If the two areas experience similar mining practices, the information should be transferable. </p><p>Lead and zinc mining along the Viburnum Trend Subdistrict of southeastern Missouri has occurred for more than 40 years. Additional potentially exploitable deposits have been discovered 30 miles to the south, within the Mark Twain National Forest. It is anticipated that the observation of current (2008) geohydrologic conditions in the Viburnum Trend can provide insight to land managers that will help reasonably anticipate the potential mining effects should additional mining occur in the exploration area. </p><p>The purpose of this report is to present a compilation of previously unpublished information that was collected as part of a larger multidisciplinary study of lead mining issues in southeastern Missouri. The report resulted from the application of a multidisciplinary approach to investigate current hydrologic and biologic conditions in streams of the Viburnum Trend and the exploration area in the Mark Twain National Forest.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey","usgsCitation":"Seeger, C.M., Kleeschulte, M.J., Lee, L., Krizanich, G.W., Femmer, S.R., and Schumacher, J., 2008, Hydrologic investigations concerning lead mining issues in southeastern Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5140, viii, 240 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085140.","productDescription":"viii, 240 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420986,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86280.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195247,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12202,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.5,36.5 ], [ -92.5,38.5 ], [ -89,38.5 ], [ -89,36.5 ], [ -92.5,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614268","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kleeschulte, Michael J.","contributorId":75891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742783,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Seeger, Cheryl M.","contributorId":196835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seeger","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleeschulte, Michael J.","contributorId":75891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Lopaka","contributorId":83167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Lopaka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krizanich, Gary W.","contributorId":98390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krizanich","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Femmer, Suzanne R. sfemmer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Femmer","given":"Suzanne","email":"sfemmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schumacher, John G. jschu@usgs.gov","contributorId":2055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumacher","given":"John G.","email":"jschu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97211,"text":"sim3030 - 2008 - Potentiometric surface of the upper and lower aquifers of the North Coast Limestone aquifer system and hydrologic conditions in the Arecibo-Manatí area, Puerto Rico, November 27-December 1, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T18:58:19.015476","indexId":"sim3030","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3030","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper and lower aquifers of the North Coast Limestone aquifer system and hydrologic conditions in the Arecibo-Manatí area, Puerto Rico, November 27-December 1, 2006","docAbstract":"A ground-water level synoptic survey of the limestone aquifer in the Arecibo to Manati area, Puerto Rico, was conducted from November 27 through December 1, 2006 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. The purpose of the study was to define the spatial distribution of the potentiometric surface of the upper and lower aquifers of the North Coast limestone aquifer system. A potentiometric surface is defined as an areal representation of the levels to which water would rise in tightly cased wells open to an aquifer (Fetter, 1988). These potentiometric surface maps can be used by water-resources planners to understand the general direction of ground-water flow and to evaluate ground-water conditions for water supply and resource protection. The study was conducted during a period of rising ground-water levels resulting from above-normal rainfall during October and November 2006 when rainfall amount was about 30 percent above normal. The study area encompassed 125 square miles and was bounded to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the southern extension of the limestone units, to the west by the Rio Grande de Arecibo, and to the east by the Rio Grande de Manati (pls. 1 and 2; inset).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3030","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J.M., and Gómez-Gómez, F., 2008, Potentiometric surface of the upper and lower aquifers of the North Coast Limestone aquifer system and hydrologic conditions in the Arecibo-Manatí area, Puerto Rico, November 27-December 1, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3030, 2 Plates: 29.00 x 21.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3030.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 29.00 x 21.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-11-27","temporalEnd":"2006-12-01","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110803,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86294.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86294"},{"id":12195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arecibo-Manati area, Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.75,18.333333333333332 ], [ -66.75,18.5 ], [ -66.46666666666667,18.5 ], [ -66.46666666666667,18.333333333333332 ], [ -66.75,18.333333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b150d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Jose M. 0000-0002-4430-9929 jmrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-9929","contributorId":1318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Jose","email":"jmrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97208,"text":"sir20085067 - 2008 -  Davis Pond freshwater prediversion biomonitoring study: freshwater fisheries and eagles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:50:24","indexId":"sir20085067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5067","title":" Davis Pond freshwater prediversion biomonitoring study: freshwater fisheries and eagles","docAbstract":"<p>In January 2001, the construction of the Davis Pond freshwater diversion structure was completed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The diversion of freshwater from the Mississippi River is intended to mitigate saltwater intrusion from the Gulf of Mexico and to lessen the concomitant loss of wetland areas. In addition to the freshwater inflow, Barataria Bay basin would receive nutrients, increased flows of sediments, and water-borne and sediment-bound compounds. The purpose of this biomonitoring study was, therefore, to serve as a baseline for prediversion concentrations of selected contaminants in bald eagle (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) nestlings (hereafter referred to as eaglets), representative freshwater fish, and bivalves. Samples were collected from January through June 2001. Two similarly designed postdiversion studies, as described in the biological monitoring program, are planned. </p><p>Active bald eagle nests targeted for sampling eaglet blood (n = 6) were generally located southwest and south of the diversion structure. The designated sites for aquatic animal sampling were at Lake Salvador, at Lake Cataouatche, at Bayou Couba, and along the Mississippi River. Aquatic animals representative of eagle prey were collected. Fish were from three different trophic levels and have varying feeding strategies and life histories. These included herbivorous striped mullet (<i>Mugil cephalus</i>), omnivorous blue catfish (<i>Ictalurus furcatus</i>), and carnivorous largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Three individuals per species were collected at each of the four sampling sites. Freshwater Atlantic rangia clams (<i>Rangia cuneata</i>) were collected at the downstream marsh sites, and zebra mussels (<i>Dreissena</i> spp.) were collected on the Mississippi River. </p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) protocols served as guides for fish sampling and health assessments. Fish are useful for monitoring aquatic ecosystems because they accumulate pesticides and other contaminants. Biomarker data on individual fish, generated at the USGS National Wetlands Research Center (Lafayette, La.), included percent white blood cells in whole blood, spleen weight to body weight ratio, liver weight to body weight ratio, condition factor, splenic macrophage aggregates, and liver microsomal 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activity. Fish age was estimated by comparing total lengths with values from the same species in the Southeast United States as determined from the literature. Contaminant analyses were coordinated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Analytical Control Facility (Laurel, Md.), where residues of organochlorine (OC) pesticides, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), and trace elements were determined. The organic contaminant data were generated at the Mississippi State University Chemical Lab (Mississippi State, Miss.), and the inorganic contaminant data were generated by the Texas A&amp;M University Geochemical and Environmental Research Group (College Station, Tex.). Statistical tests were performed to assess relationships among contaminants, fish age, fish species, and collection sites. </p><p>Trends in interspecific differences among fish in concentrations of contaminants were noted. Striped mullet (hereafter mullet) frequently displayed the highest chemical concentrations. Levels of contaminants were generally higher in samples obtained from the Mississippi River than in those collected from the diversion area and were higher in mussels and clams (hereafter bivalves) than in fish. Because the Mississippi River sampling site for mullet and largemouth bass was downriver of the structure and south of New Orleans and the catfish site was upriver, the downriver data may not be directly reflective of the results from the receiving waters at the Davis Pond structure. Compared to the Caernarvon freshwater prediversion study in 1990 that assessed possible influx of contaminants with the freshwater diversion, contaminant levels in fishes and bivalves in this study were generally lower, yet three nontoxic inorganic elements in Davis Pond fish samples exhibited ranges of concentrations that were more than two times higher than did those from Caernarvon. Levels in bivalves were different between diversions but about equal in the numbers of trace elements showing high levels per location. Contaminant values were compared to those listed in various literature and agency sources, both regional and national, including the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP), in which the 85th percentile and above represents what is considered to be an elevated contaminant concentration and cause for concern.&nbsp;<br></p><p>Generally, bivalves were at the high end of their ranges for both organic and inorganic contaminants. In this study, OCs were detectable in 67 percent of fish from the Mississippi River site, ranging from 0.15 to 1.09 μg/g wet weight (ww) or fresh weight (fw), and in 11 percent of the fish from the marsh sites, ranging from 0.06 to 0.612 μg/g ww. Bivalves from the Mississippi River had OC levels of 0.096 μg/g ww, whereas none were detectable in bivalves at the marsh sites. In this study, <i>p,p</i>’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (<i>p,p’</i>-DDE) (a biodegradation product of DDT [dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane]) and total PCBs were the most frequently detected OCs and were primarily from the Mississippi River. For total OC content, using adjusted least squares means, some significant interactions were noted between fish species and sites. PAHs were detected in aquatic animals at all sites (range of 0.017–17.534 μg/g ww), as were AHs (range of 0.423–4.549 μg/g ww); the highest levels of PAHs and AHs were found in bivalves from the Mississippi River. When analysis of variance (α = 0.05) was performed with data from aquatic animals, there were only two significant relationships between PAHs, AHs, and OCs between species, site, and age or the interaction among these variables. There was an interaction between fish species and n-decane (an AH) in that mullet and largemouth bass had significantly higher levels than did catfish (<i>P</i>= 0.0175). </p><p>When general linear means were used to investigate associations of inorganic contaminants among fish species, site, and age or any interactions among these variables, no significant results were noted for arsenic, cadmium, lead, beryllium, boron, molybdenum, or nickel. The range of mercury in fish in this study was 0.04–0.14 μg/g ww (0.14– 0.48 μg/g dry weight [dw]), with the most elevated levels detected in predatory largemouth bass at the sampling point farthest downstream from the structure and within the marsh area. Mercury was positively correlated with fish age (<i>P</i>= 0.0152), where levels were estimated to increase 0.0253 parts per million (ppm) dw per year. In the Mississippi River, catfish showed significantly higher levels of mercury than did mullet or largemouth bass (<i>P</i>= 0.00167). </p><p>Among fish species, mullet displayed the highest levels in fish of aluminum, barium, manganese, and iron, all considered to have low toxicity in hydrologic systems. An interaction between fish and site was seen with aluminum (<i>P</i>= 0.0031), where concentrations in mullet were significantly higher in the Mississippi River than at the other sites, as was also seen with barium (<i>P</i>= 0.0009), chromium (<i>P</i>= &lt;0.0001), manganese (<i>P</i>= 0.0004), strontium (<i>P</i>= 0.0074), vanadium (<i>P</i>= 0.0156), and zinc (<i>P</i>= 0.0059). For iron (<i>P</i>= 0.0.0001), mullet and largemouth bass at both the Mississippi River and Lake Salvador showed higher levels than did catfish, and these two species showed higher levels at two of the four sites. An interaction between fish and site was also seen with chromium (<i>P</i>= &lt;0.0001) in that concentrations in mullet were significantly higher in the Mississippi River than at the other sites, as was also seen with strontium (<i>P</i>= 0.0074), vanadium (<i>P</i>= 0.0156), and zinc (<i>P</i>= 0.0059), metals for which deleterious effects have been demonstrated in other ecosystems. The NCBP program lists the 85th percentile for zinc at 34.2 μg/g fw (117.9 μg/g dw). In the Davis Pond prediversion biomonitoring study (hereafter the current study), one fish (MUL31RIVER, fish ID 8) showed values higher than that (125.4 μg/g dw or 37.54 μg/g ww), and the Mississippi River bivalve sample (MUSSRIVER) had a value of 140 μg/g dw (41.2 μg/g ww). </p><p>In the current study, approximately 86 percent of the fish had measurable selenium levels, yet none reached the 85th percentile. The 85th percentile for selenium from the NCBP was 0.73 μg/g ww. Significantly higher levels of selenium were seen in mullet than in largemouth bass and catfish (<i>P</i>= 0.0023). The NCBP 85th percentile for lead is 0.22 μg/g ww (0.76 μg/g dw). In the current study, the range of concentrations of lead was as much as 18.3 ppm dw (MUL31RIVER, fish ID 8), with the three most elevated values (range of 3.46–5.31 μg/g ww) coming from mullet from the Mississippi River. </p><p>Biomarker data are measurable and directly reflect the condition of the animal, and measuring more than one biomarker in an individual increases confidence in health assessments. In the current study, biomarkers included macrophage aggregates (MAs), liver (hepatosomatic index [HSI]) and spleen (splenosomatic index [SSI]) weight to body weight ratios, percent white blood cells (WBCs) in whole blood, and condition factor. Few significant differences were noted with any of the biomarkers between sites, and there were no relationships between species and sites. For improved use of biomarker assessments, an increase in fish sample size would be useful for postdiversion sampling, as would comparisons of fish of the same sex and reproductive condition. </p><p>During the current study, success for eagle nests in the diversion area and reference sites was similar as determined by numbers of nestlings fledged. When temperatures were below average during winter 2000, nests in both regions similarly failed. At each nest, the primary evidence of food items was small mammals. Eaglets (n = 6) generally appeared healthy, and whole blood concentrations of organic contaminants exceeded detection limits with three incidences of <i>p,p’</i>-DDE (0.002–0.006 μg/L ww) and one incidence of oxychlordane (0.002 μg/L ww). The levels of <i>p,p’</i>-DDE were well below those that have been inversely correlated with productivity and success rates of nesting bald eagles on a regional scale. The low values found in the whole blood samples for OC pesticides and PCBs were even lower when corrected for plasma volume. Aluminum values were 3.66 and 5.75 μg/L in two samples, zinc ranged from 5.21 to 6.77 μg/L ww in six samples, and silicon ranged from 1.7 to 4.6 μg/L in four samples. Selenium was detectable in each bird with the range at 0.332–0.566 μg/L ww, and strontium ranged from 0.0581 to 0.0975 μg/L ww. Mercury was detectable in blood samples from each bird and ranged from 0.0254 to 0.0845 μg/L ww, whereas lead was detectable in four samples and ranged from 0.0042 to 0.0136 μg/L ww. Although no detectable levels of total PCBs were found (also correlated with decreased reproductive productivity), 70 percent of the aquatic animals from the Mississippi River contained total PCBs (range 0.13–0.79 μg/L), whereas only about 7 percent of the aquatic animals sampled from the marsh area contained PCBs. </p><p>Suggestions for postdiversion sampling include lowering the analytical detection limit for some metals, sampling aquatic animals over the course of a single season, obtaining a higher sample number of mature fish of one species (for example, blue catfish) within a range of total lengths for biomarker analyses, obtaining otoliths for estimating fish ages, assessing dioxins in eaglet blood, examining triazines in water, and obtaining all Mississippi River fish samples as close to the Davis Pond structure intake as possible. Because contaminants found in blood of eaglets reflect their prey species and because of the contaminant levels found in fish in the current study, eaglets may not be consuming primarily these species; therefore, obtaining juvenile nutria (<i>Myocastor coypus</i>) or turtle species for contaminant analyses might be considered, as well as collecting greater blood volume and using plasma to measure OCs and PCBs. Data obtained postdiversion will be compared with prediversion data to monitor changes.&nbsp;<br></p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085067","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, J.A., Bourgeois, E.B., and Jeske, C.W., 2008,  Davis Pond freshwater prediversion biomonitoring study: freshwater fisheries and eagles: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5067, vi, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085067.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12190,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":342511,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5067/pdf/SIR2008-5067.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.296630859375,\n              29.95136495173933\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.35293579101562,\n              29.940060379611825\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.33782958984375,\n              29.901377129352113\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.30418395996094,\n              29.869824281690473\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.28839111328125,\n              29.83230508134241\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.24169921875,\n              29.779873718177605\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.20942687988281,\n              29.78225755812941\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17097473144531,\n              29.790600550959457\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.15655517578125,\n              29.798346993042582\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.16410827636719,\n              29.818604082872994\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1702880859375,\n              29.844217466091493\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1812744140625,\n              29.862083379118598\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.21080017089844,\n              29.88470894463455\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.23483276367188,\n              29.90078188504278\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.24513244628906,\n              29.912686095517152\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.27397155761719,\n              29.934705133847306\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.296630859375,\n              29.95136495173933\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bourgeois, E. Beth","contributorId":21246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeois","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Beth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jeske, Clint W.","contributorId":107797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeske","given":"Clint","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97205,"text":"ds405 - 2008 - Alkylphenols, other endocrine-active chemicals, and fish responses in three streams in Minnesota — Study design and data, February-September 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T13:33:04.068786","indexId":"ds405","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"405","title":"Alkylphenols, other endocrine-active chemicals, and fish responses in three streams in Minnesota — Study design and data, February-September 2007","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the study design and environmental data for an integrated chemical and biological study of three streams (South Fork Crow River, Redwood River, and Grindstone River) that receive wastewater in Minnesota. The objective of the study was to identify distribution patterns of endocrine-active chemicals and other organic chemicals indicative of wastewater, and to identify fish responses in the same streams. Endocrine-active chemicals are a class of chemicals that interfere with the natural regulation of endocrine systems, and an understanding of their distribution in aquatic systems is important so that aquatic organism exposure can be evaluated.</p><p>This study was a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and St. Cloud State University (St. Cloud, Minn.). The USGS collected and analyzed water and quality-assurance samples and measured streamflow during six sampling events in each of three streams. Water samples were collected upstream from and at two successive points downstream from wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge and from treated effluent from February through September 2007. Bed-sediment samples were collected during one sampling period at each of the stream locations. Water and bed-sediment samples were analyzed for endocrine-active chemicals including alkylphenols, alkylphenol polyethoxylates, and nonylphenol ethoxycarboxlylates (NPECs). Water samples also were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and organic carbon. In addition, as part of an intensive time-series investigation, the USGS staff collected daily water samples for 8 weeks from the Redwood River near Marshall, Minn., for analyses of total alkylphenols and atrazine. St. Cloud State University staff collected and analyzed fish to determine male fish responses at all water sampling sites and at an additional site near the discharge of wastewater-treatment plant effluent to these streams. Male fish responses included the presence and concentration of vitellogenin in plasma, gonadosomatic indices, and histological characterizations of liver and testes tissue.</p><p>Hydrologic, chemical and biological characteristics were different among sites. The percentage of streamflow contributed by WWTP effluent (ranging from less than 1 to 79 percent) was greatest at the South Fork Crow River and least at the Grindstone River. WWTP effluent generally contributed the greatest percentage of streamflow during winter and late summer when streamflows were low.</p><p>A wide variety of chemicals were detected. More chemicals were detected in WWTP effluent samples than in stream samples during most time periods. The most commonly detected chemicals in samples collected monthly and analyzed at the USGS National Research Program Laboratory were 2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-methylphenol, 3-<i>beta</i>-coprostanol, 4-methylphenol, 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-<i>tert</i>-octylphenol, bisphenol A, cholesterol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and triclosan.</p><p>The chemicals 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxycarboxylate (NP1EC), 4-nonylphenoldiethoxycarboxylate (NP2EC), and 4-nonylphenoltriethoxycarboxylate (NP3EC) also were detected. Excluding nondetections, the sum of NP1EC through NP3EC concentrations ranged from 5.1 to 260 µg/L among all samples.</p><p>NP was detected in upstream, effluent, and downstream samples in each stream during at least one time period. NP was detected in 49 percent of environmental samples. Excluding nondetections, concentrations of NP ranged from 100 to 880 nanograms per liter among all samples. NP was also detected in more than one-half of the bed-sediment samples.</p><p>The most commonly detected wastewater indicator chemicals in samples analyzed by schedule 4433 at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory were 3,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate, acetyl-hexamethyl-tetrahydronaphthalene, benzophenone, cholesterol, hexahydrohexamethyl-cyclopenta-benzopyran, N,N-diethyl-<i>meta</i>-toluamide, and tri(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate.</p><p>Male fish responses were the focus of the fish analyses, and 508 male fish were collected among all sampling sites. Vitellogenin was detected in 57 percent of the 415 male fish analyzed; concentrations ranged from an estimated value of 0.1 to 330 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) (average of 17.1 µg/mL). Intersex (the presence of oocytes in testes tissue) was observed in only one fathead minnow from an upstream site on the Grindstone River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds405","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and St. Cloud State University","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Schoenfuss, H.L., Jahns, N.D., Brown, G.K., and Barber, L.B., 2008, Alkylphenols, other endocrine-active chemicals, and fish responses in three streams in Minnesota — Study design and data, February-September 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 405, Report: viii, 44 p.; 10 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds405.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 44 p.; 10 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-02-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12187,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/405/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402290,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86274.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367580,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/405/pdf/DS405.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.0667,\n              44.8167\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.25,\n              44.8167\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.25,\n              45.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0667,\n              45.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0667,\n              44.8167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":301360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jahns, Nathan D.","contributorId":12124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahns","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Greg K.","contributorId":8554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97195,"text":"sir20085002 - 2008 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-18T20:13:26.180599","indexId":"sir20085002","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5002","displayTitle":"Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, Using Variable-Direction Anisotropy in Hydraulic Conductivity to Represent Bedrock Structure","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure","docAbstract":"Ground-water flow was simulated using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent the folded, fractured sedimentary rocks that underlie the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia and West Virginia. The anisotropy is a consequence of the orientations of fractures that provide preferential flow paths through the rock, such that the direction of maximum hydraulic conductivity is oriented within bedding planes, which generally strike N30 deg E; the direction of minimum hydraulic conductivity is perpendicular to the bedding. The finite-element model SUTRA was used to specify variable directions of the hydraulic-conductivity tensor in order to represent changes in the strike and dip of the bedding throughout the valley.\r\n\r\nThe folded rocks in the valley are collectively referred to as the Massanutten synclinorium, which contains about a 5-km thick section of clastic and carbonate rocks. For the model, the bedrock was divided into four units: a 300-m thick top unit with 10 equally spaced layers through which most ground water is assumed to flow, and three lower units each containing 5 layers of increasing thickness that correspond to the three major rock units in the valley: clastic, carbonate and metamorphic rocks. A separate zone in the carbonate rocks that is overlain by colluvial gravel - called the western-toe carbonate unit - was also distinguished.\r\n\r\nHydraulic-conductivity values were estimated through model calibration for each of the four rock units, using data from 354 wells and 23 streamflow-gaging stations. Conductivity tensors for metamorphic and western-toe carbonate rocks were assumed to be isotropic, while conductivity tensors for carbonate and clastic rocks were assumed to be anisotropic. The directions of the conductivity tensor for carbonate and clastic rocks were interpolated for each mesh element from a stack of 'form surfaces' that provided a three-dimensional representation of bedrock structure. Model simulations were run with (1) variable strike and dip, in which conductivity tensors were aligned with the strike and dip of the bedding, and (2) uniform strike in which conductivity tensors were assumed to be horizontally isotropic with the maximum conductivity direction parallel to the N30 deg E axis of the valley and the minimum conductivity direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane. Simulated flow penetrated deeper into the aquifer system with the uniform-strike tensor than with the variable-strike-and-dip tensor. Sensitivity analyses suggest that additional information on recharge rates would increase confidence in the estimated parameter values.\r\n\r\nTwo applications of the model were conducted - the first, to determine depth of recent ground-water flow by simulating the distribution of ground-water ages, showed that most shallow ground water is less than 10 years old. Ground-water age distributions computed by variable-strike-and-dip and uniform-strike models were similar, but differed beneath Massanutten Mountain in the center of the valley. The variable-strike-and-dip model simulated flow from west to east parallel to the bedding of the carbonate rocks beneath Massanutten Mountain, while the uniform-strike model, in which flow was largely controlled by topography, simulated this same area as an east-west ground-water divide. The second application, which delineated capture zones for selected well fields in the valley, showed that capture zones delineated with both models were similar in plan view, but differed in vertical extent. Capture zones simulated by the variable-strike-and-dip model extended downdip with the bedding of carbonate rock and were relatively shallow, while those simulated by the uniform-strike model extended to the bottom of the flow system, which is unrealistic. These results suggest that simulations of ground-water flow through folded fractured rock can be constructed using SUTRA to represent variable orientations of the hydraulic-conductivity tensor and produce a","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085002","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., Southworth, S.C., and Voss, C.I., 2008, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, using variable-direction anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity to represent bedrock structure: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5002, viii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085002.","productDescription":"viii, 55 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12177,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5002/pdf/SIR2008-5002.pdf"},{"id":122425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5002.jpg"},{"id":420918,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86266.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.5,37.5 ], [ -79.5,40 ], [ -77.5,40 ], [ -77.5,37.5 ], [ -79.5,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Southworth, Scott C.","contributorId":93348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97193,"text":"fs20073088 - 2008 - Relations of Water Quality to Agricultural Chemical Use and Environmental Setting at Various Scales - Results from Selected Studies of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"fs20073088","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3088","title":"Relations of Water Quality to Agricultural Chemical Use and Environmental Setting at Various Scales - Results from Selected Studies of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began studies of 51 major river basins and aquifers across the United States as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to provide scientifically sound information for managing the Nation's water resources. The major goals of the NAWQA Program are to assess the status and long-term trends of the Nation's surface- and ground-water quality and to understand the natural and human factors that affect it (Gilliom and others, 1995).\r\n\r\nIn 2001, the NAWQA Program began a second decade of intensive water-quality assessments. The 42 study units for this second decade were selected to represent a wide range of important hydrologic environments and potential contaminant sources. These NAWQA studies continue to address the goals of the first decade of the assessments to determine how water-quality conditions are changing over time. In addition to local- and regional-scale studies, NAWQA began to analyze and synthesize water-quality status and trends at the principal aquifer and major river-basin scales.\r\n\r\nThis fact sheet summarizes results from four NAWQA studies that relate water quality to agricultural chemical use and environmental setting at these various scales: \r\n* Comparison of ground-water quality in northern and southern High Plains agricultural settings (principal aquifer scale); \r\n* Distribution patterns of pesticides and degradates in rain (local scale); \r\n* Occurrence of pesticides in shallow ground water underlying four agricultural areas (local and regional scales); and \r\n* Trends in nutrients and sediment over time in the Missouri River and its tributaries (major river-basin scale).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20073088","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Relations of Water Quality to Agricultural Chemical Use and Environmental Setting at Various Scales - Results from Selected Studies of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3088, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073088.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3088.jpg"},{"id":12175,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,35 ], [ -115,50 ], [ -90,50 ], [ -90,35 ], [ -115,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97190,"text":"sir20065008 - 2008 - Environmental factors affecting mercury in Camp Far West Reservoir, California, 2001-03","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T12:23:20","indexId":"sir20065008","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5008","title":"Environmental factors affecting mercury in Camp Far West Reservoir, California, 2001-03","docAbstract":"This report documents water quality in Camp Far West Reservoir from October 2001 through August 2003. The reservoir, located at approximately 300 feet above sea level in the foothills of the northwestern Sierra Nevada, California, is a monomictic lake characterized by extreme drawdown in the late summer and fall. Thermal stratification in summer and fall is coupled with anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion. Water-quality sampling was done at approximately 3-month intervals on eight occasions at several stations in the reservoir, including a group of three stations along a flow path in the reservoir: an upstream station in the Bear River arm (principal tributary), a mid-reservoir station in the thalweg (prereservoir river channel), and a station in the deepest part of the reservoir, in the thalweg near Camp Far West Dam. Stations in other tributary arms of the reservoir included those in the Rock Creek arm of the reservoir, a relatively low-flow tributary, and the Dairy Farm arm, a small tributary that receives acidic, metal-rich drainage seasonally from the inactive Dairy Farm Mine, which produced copper, zinc, and gold from underground workings and a surface pit.\r\n\r\nSeveral water-quality constituents varied significantly by season at all sampling stations, including major cations and anions, total mercury (filtered and unfiltered samples), nitrogen (ammonia plus organic), and total phosphorus. A strong seasonal signal also was observed for the sulfurisotope composition of aqueous sulfate from filtered water. Although there were some spatial differences in water quality, the seasonal variations were more profound. Concentrations of total mercury (filtered and unfiltered water) were highest during fall and winter; these concentrations decreased at most stations during spring and summer. Anoxic conditions developed in deep parts of the reservoir during summer and fall in association with thermal stratification. The highest concentrations of methylmercury in unfiltered water were observed in samples collected during summer from deepwater stations in the anoxic hypolimnion. In the shallow (less than 14 meters depth) oxic epilimnion, concentrations of methylmercury in unfiltered water were highest during the spring and lowest during the fall. The ratio of methylmercury to total mercury (MeHg/HgT) increased systematically from winter to spring to summer, largely in response to the progressive seasonal decrease in total mercury concentrations, but also to some extent because of increases in MeHg concentrations during summer.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data for Camp Far West Reservoir are used in conjunction with data from linked studies of sediment and biota to develop and refine a conceptual model for mercury methylation and bioaccumulation in the reservoir and the lower Bear River watershed. It is hypothesized that MeHg is produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the anoxic parts of the water column and in shallow bed sediment. Conditions were optimal for this process during late summer and fall. Previous work has indicated that Camp Far West Reservoir is a phosphate-limited system - molar ratios of inorganic nitrogen to inorganic phosphorus in filtered water were consistently greater than 16 (the Redfield ratio), sometimes by orders of magnitude. Therefore, concentrations of orthophosphate were expectedly very low or below detection at all stations during all seasons. It is further hypothesized that iron-reducing bacteria facilitate release of phosphorus from iron-rich sediments during summer and early fall, stimulating phytoplankton growth in the fall and winter, and that the MeHg produced in the hypolimnion and metalimnion is released to the entire water column in the late fall during reservoir destratification (vertical mixing). \r\n\r\nMercury bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were computed using data from linked studies of biota spanning a range of trophic position: zooplankton, midge larvae, mayfly nymphs, crayfish, threadfin shad, bluegill, ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Stewart, A., Saiki, M.K., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Topping, B.R., Rider, K.M., Gallanthine, S.K., Kester, C.A., Rye, R.O., Antweiler, R.C., and De Wild, J.F., 2008, Environmental factors affecting mercury in Camp Far West Reservoir, California, 2001-03: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5008, Report: xii, 95 p.; Appendixes; Tables; Text Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065008.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 95 p.; Appendixes; Tables; Text Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-10-01","temporalEnd":"2003-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12174,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,38.75 ], [ -121.75,39.5 ], [ -120.5,39.5 ], [ -120.5,38.75 ], [ -121.75,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, A. Robin 0000-0003-2918-546X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2918-546X","contributorId":82436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A. Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rider, Kelly M.","contributorId":58900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rider","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gallanthine, Steven K.","contributorId":21425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallanthine","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kester, Cynthia A.","contributorId":44425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kester","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"De Wild, John F.","contributorId":31800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Wild","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
]}