{"pageNumber":"2289","pageRowStart":"57200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68867,"records":[{"id":70200530,"text":"70200530 - 1978 - A large landslide on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T10:01:07","indexId":"70200530","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-01T09:59:53","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A large landslide on Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>A large landslide deposit on the south wall of Gangis Chasma contains at least 100 billion m</span><sup>3</sup><span>of material that moved 60 km across the trough floor at a speed of more than 100 km/hr. The deposit consists of slump blocks at the head, hummocky material farther out, and a vast apron of longitudinally ridged material extending to the toe. The landslide deposit resembles many terrestrial ones but is much larger, and differs from most in having longitudinal rather than transverse ridges on its surface. However, some terrestrial landslides also have longitudinal ridges, particularly those in Alaska that traveled long distances over glacial ice and thus were highly efficient. In order to explain this high efficiency, two possible mechanisms of emplacement are singled out. The first involves a sliding motion on a cushion of air; on Mars, this implies a once much denser atmosphere, or the release of a gas, possibly steam. The second mechanism involves a flow motion of debris that is lubricated by some water; on Mars, the water may have come from ice in the source rock. An analysis of the possible causes for the Martian slide shows that the Martian trough walls are highly susceptible to sliding, and that the landslide may have been triggered by a Mars quake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89<1601:ALLOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., 1978, A large landslide on Mars: GSA Bulletin, v. 89, no. 11, p. 1601-1609, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89<1601:ALLOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1601","endPage":"1609","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175862,"text":"70175862 - 1978 - Instructions for the battery pack BP-76 HD","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:42:11","indexId":"70175862","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-31T13:45:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Instructions for the battery pack BP-76 HD","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., 1978, Instructions for the battery pack BP-76 HD, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dcae4b03fd6b7da37b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207207,"text":"70207207 - 1978 - Development of hydrology in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-13T07:39:31","indexId":"70207207","displayToPublicDate":"1978-09-30T09:34:48","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3713,"text":"Water International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of hydrology in North America","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02508067808686265","issn":"02508060","usgsCitation":"Nace, R.L., 1978, Development of hydrology in North America: Water International, v. 3, no. 3, p. 20-26, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508067808686265.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"20","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              7.013667927566642\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.7734375,\n              27.994401411046148\n            ],\n            [\n              -51.328125,\n              49.61070993807422\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.421875,\n              59.88893689676585\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6484375,\n              66.79190947341796\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.5625,\n              70.02058730174062\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6328125,\n              70.95969716686398\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7734375,\n              69.53451763078358\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.203125,\n              61.60639637138628\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.625,\n              55.3791104480105\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.61718749999999,\n              43.32517767999296\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              19.31114335506464\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.515625,\n              7.710991655433217\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              7.013667927566642\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nace, R. L.","contributorId":11332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nace","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176608,"text":"70176608 - 1978 - Three-dimensional finite-difference model of ground-water system underlying the Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T16:19:31.978082","indexId":"70176608","displayToPublicDate":"1978-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional finite-difference model of ground-water system underlying the Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spray irrigation system used by Muskegon County for wastewater treatment is the largest of its kind in the United States. It has 2200 hectares of irrigated farm land, 688 hectares of treatment lagoons, and 105 kilometers of drainage tile. The system has a design capacity of 1.8 cubic meters of wastewater per second. A three-dimensional finite-difference model was developed to study the effect of the disposal operation on ground-water conditions. Model calculations show that the water table at and adjacent to most of the wastewater site is lower as a result of the operation of the system to date. However, along the northwest boundary of the site, where irrigated land was not undertiled, the water table is 1 to 2 meters higher than it would be under natural conditions. Predictive simulations indicate that, even if the drainage tiles lost 75 percent of their effectiveness, the impact of disposal operations on ground-water levels would be negligible outside of the wastewater site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"McDonald, M.G., and Fleck, W.B., 1978, Three-dimensional finite-difference model of ground-water system underlying the Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 3, p. 307-318.","startPage":"307","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328875,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70176608/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":499587,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70176608/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Muskegon County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.0409,43.4667],[-86.0408,43.3803],[-86.0395,43.2934],[-86.0288,43.2933],[-85.9225,43.2915],[-85.9093,43.291],[-85.7917,43.2923],[-85.79,43.2035],[-85.9082,43.205],[-85.907,43.119],[-86.1455,43.1172],[-86.2698,43.1175],[-86.2816,43.1407],[-86.2979,43.1671],[-86.3022,43.1739],[-86.3072,43.1821],[-86.3235,43.2058],[-86.3298,43.2153],[-86.3379,43.2267],[-86.3278,43.2317],[-86.3272,43.2317],[-86.3234,43.2308],[-86.3216,43.2258],[-86.321,43.219],[-86.3153,43.2167],[-86.3115,43.2162],[-86.3065,43.218],[-86.3015,43.218],[-86.2971,43.2167],[-86.2908,43.2198],[-86.2839,43.2225],[-86.2782,43.2239],[-86.2776,43.2248],[-86.2725,43.2321],[-86.2681,43.2325],[-86.2625,43.2316],[-86.2606,43.233],[-86.2593,43.2389],[-86.253,43.243],[-86.2442,43.2425],[-86.2416,43.2498],[-86.2454,43.257],[-86.2397,43.2634],[-86.2334,43.2661],[-86.2233,43.2693],[-86.2189,43.2711],[-86.2183,43.2706],[-86.2139,43.2688],[-86.2101,43.2679],[-86.2051,43.2711],[-86.202,43.2724],[-86.2026,43.2729],[-86.2032,43.2733],[-86.2126,43.2711],[-86.217,43.2729],[-86.2259,43.2716],[-86.229,43.2698],[-86.2303,43.2698],[-86.234,43.2698],[-86.246,43.2639],[-86.2479,43.2612],[-86.2511,43.2612],[-86.2523,43.2612],[-86.2617,43.2598],[-86.263,43.258],[-86.2668,43.2512],[-86.2674,43.2507],[-86.2832,43.243],[-86.2951,43.2421],[-86.3008,43.2444],[-86.3014,43.2449],[-86.3133,43.2485],[-86.3284,43.2495],[-86.3335,43.2467],[-86.3335,43.2454],[-86.3284,43.2444],[-86.324,43.2408],[-86.3266,43.2354],[-86.3398,43.2313],[-86.3431,43.2339],[-86.3423,43.2376],[-86.3686,43.2763],[-86.383,43.2982],[-86.395,43.3169],[-86.3975,43.3209],[-86.4188,43.3642],[-86.4302,43.3856],[-86.4509,43.4425],[-86.4534,43.4484],[-86.4547,43.4538],[-86.4559,43.4589],[-86.4572,43.4643],[-86.4597,43.4721],[-86.3966,43.4707],[-86.3758,43.4706],[-86.2774,43.4692],[-86.1588,43.4675],[-86.0964,43.4669],[-86.0787,43.4669],[-86.0409,43.4667]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Muskegon\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffb86fe4b0824b2d1706c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Michael G.","contributorId":47352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleck, William B.","contributorId":17587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012526,"text":"70012526 - 1978 - Numerical simulation of dissolved silica in the San Fancisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T16:35:19.855054","indexId":"70012526","displayToPublicDate":"1978-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1585,"text":"Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of dissolved silica in the San Fancisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>A two-dimensional (vertical) steady-state numerical model that simulates water circulation and dissolved-silica distributions is applied to northern San Francisco Bay. The model (1) describes the strong influence of river inflow on estuarine circulation and, in turn, on the biologically modulated silica concentration, and (2) shows how rates of silica uptake relate to silica supply and mixing rates in modifying a conservative behavior. Longitudinal silica distributions influenced by biological uptake (assuming both vertically uniform and vertically decreasing uptake situations) show that uptake rates of 1 to 10 μg-at. l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;are sufficient to depress silica concentrations at river inflows of 100–400 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively, and that the higher rates appear ineffective at inflows above 400 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The simulations further indicate that higher silica utilization in the null zone is not essential to depress silica concentrations strongly there. Advective water-replacement times at river inflows of 400, 200 and 100 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;are computed to be less than 25, 45 and 75 days, respectively, for a 120-km estuary-river system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0302-3524(78)90068-3","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Festa, J.F., and Conomos, T.J., 1978, Numerical simulation of dissolved silica in the San Fancisco Bay: Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, v. 7, no. 2, p. 99-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/0302-3524(78)90068-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.75339054752408,\n              38.34439724009863\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6710764794829,\n              38.34439724009863\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6710764794829,\n              37.1474706473157\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75339054752408,\n              37.1474706473157\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75339054752408,\n              38.34439724009863\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a690de4b0c8380cd73b3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David H.","contributorId":147316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Festa, John F.","contributorId":173382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Festa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222382,"text":"5222382 - 1978 - Erythrocyte δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity in Mallard Ducks: Duration of Inhibition after Lead Shot Dosage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T19:20:12.720955","indexId":"5222382","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T12:19:30","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erythrocyte δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity in Mallard Ducks: Duration of Inhibition after Lead Shot Dosage","docAbstract":"<p> Inhibition of a lead-specific blood enzyme, 8-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), has been utilized to indicate the incidence and degree of lead contamination in canvasback ducks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) (Dieter et al. 1976). This variable was found to be more sensitive to lead than previous tests that have been employed with waterfowl (Locke et al. 1966, 1967), and has proved to be completely reliable (Finley et al. 1976a,b). However, it is not yet known how long ALAD enzyme inhibition persists after a source of high head contamination is removed. The duration of inhibition is critical because too brief a response would result in underestimating the extent of lead contamination in a given year's survey. Moreover, the ALAD enzyme bioassay can be used to identify ducks that have ingested lead shot, as well as those that have ingested low levels of lead in their forage, and this information used to help remove the source of the environmental contamination.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800826","usgsCitation":"Dieter, M.P., and Finley, M.T., 1978, Erythrocyte δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity in Mallard Ducks: Duration of Inhibition after Lead Shot Dosage: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 42, no. 3, p. 621-625, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800826.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"625","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieter, M. P.","contributorId":89626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finley, M. T.","contributorId":40297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232586,"text":"70232586 - 1978 - Preliminary evaluation of the floating dome method of measuring reaeration rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T15:57:11.11885","indexId":"70232586","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T10:55:03","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary evaluation of the floating dome method of measuring reaeration rates","docAbstract":"<p>The floating dome method of measuring reaeration rates was evaluated using a modified tracer technique and a disturbed equilibrium technique. The lack of agreement between results of the floating dome method and the other methods was attributed to limitations in instrument accuracy amplified by physical relationships of the dome to the water column rather than conceptual errors in the dome method. In techniques where polarographic oxygen probes are used to monitor the oxygen content within the dome atmosphere, the ratio of volume of the dome to volume of the water column under the dome must be kept below 0.02 to minimize instrument error to less than 10 percent of the predicted oxygen transport. The combination of instrument limitations, coupled with environmental limitations caused by wind and the greenhouse effects, severely restrict application of the floating dome method.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Stephens, D.W., 1978, Preliminary evaluation of the floating dome method of measuring reaeration rates: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 4, p. 547-552.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue4/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, Doyle W.","contributorId":40195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Doyle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232584,"text":"70232584 - 1978 - Accuracy of flood mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T15:47:29.86139","indexId":"70232584","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T10:44:30","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy of flood mapping","docAbstract":"<p>Information taken directly from published and unpublished reports was used to appraise the accuracy and the limitations of the three general flood-mapping methods: detailed, historical, and physiographic. In the appraisal, the probable nationwide average standard error of estimate for water depth and elevation in percentage of depth and in meters was determined for 100-year flood boundaries. Bias errors, users' errors, and certain time-variant errors were not. considered. The probable standard error for the detailed method is 23 percent. Based on 3.9 m as the national average 100-yr depth, the probable standard error of estimate is 0.9 m. The detailed method is applicable to a wide range of hydraulic and topographic conditions; it is the only method tested that is directly applicable to floodways analysis. The method requires detailed data and time-consuming analyses, however, and it has only limited application for determining flood elevations for sheet flow and for flow in channels having readily movable boundaries. The probable standard error for the historical method is 23 percent. Based on the 3.9-m average 100-yr depth, the standard error is 0.9 m. The historical method is applicable to a wide range of hydraulic and topographic conditions if specific data are available. The method is not applicable to floodways analysis, and it has only limited application for flow in moveable-boundary channels. The standard error for the physiographic method is 27 percent. In meters, the error is 1.1. .The physiographic method is simpler to apply than the other methods; however, it can be used only in natural channels having rigid boundaries. It is not applicable to sheet flow and to floodways analysis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Burkham, D., 1978, Accuracy of flood mapping: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 4, p. 515-527.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"527","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403168,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue4/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkham, D. E.","contributorId":97073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkham","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232579,"text":"70232579 - 1978 - Uranium in waters and aquifer rocks at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T15:26:56.213687","indexId":"70232579","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T10:17:37","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium in waters and aquifer rocks at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Previous chemical, geological, and hydrological information describing the physical and chemical environment of the Nevada Test Site (a Federal reserve for the testing of nuclear explosive devices) has been combined with new radiochemical and isotope data for water and rock samples in order to explain the behavior of uranium during alteration of thick sequences of rhyolitic volcanic rocks and associated volcaniclastic sediments. A model is proposed in which uranium mobility is controlled by two competing processes. Uranium is liberated from the volcanic rocks through dissolution of the glassy constituents and is carried in solution as a uranyl carbonate complex. Uranium is subsequently removed from solution by adsorption on secondary oxides of iron, titanium, and manganese, as observed in fission-track maps of aquifer rocks. The model explains the poor correlation of dissolved uranium with depth within tuffaceous sequences in which percolation of ground water is predominantly downward. Good positive correlation of dissolved uranium with dissolved Na, total dissolved solids, and total carbonate supports the glass dissolution model, while inverse correlation of dissolved uranium with U<sup>234</sup>/U<sup>238</sup> ratios of waters implies uranium is being absorbed by a relatively insoluble, surficial phase. Alpha radioactivity of Test Site water is primarily caused by high U<sup>234</sup> contents, and beta activity is highly correlated with dissolved K (K<sup>40</sup>). Small amounts of dissolved radium, Pb<sup>210</sup>, and Po<sup>210</sup> are present but no evidence was found for alpha activity sources related to nuclear testing (Pu, U<sup>235</sup> ). A filtered but unacidified carbonate solution of uranium was found to be stable (± 10 percent of original U concentration) for years when stored in acid-washed polyethylene bottles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., and Rosholt, J.N., 1978, Uranium in waters and aquifer rocks at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 4, p. 489-498.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"498","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue4/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              36.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosholt, John N.","contributorId":68336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232578,"text":"70232578 - 1978 - Recognition of oxidized sulfide minerals as an exploration guide for uranium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T15:15:56.869948","indexId":"70232578","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T10:13:52","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recognition of oxidized sulfide minerals as an exploration guide for uranium","docAbstract":"<p> The difference in color between tan to red oxidized sandstone and gray reduced sandstone on either side of the reduction-oxidation (redox) interface, which is- the locus of uranium concentration in roll-type deposits, has been noted and used locally as an exploration guide within known uranium districts. Reduced sandstone is characterized in many deposits by the presence of iron sulflde minerals (particularly marcasite and pyrite) that occur as replacements of and overgrowths on iron-titanium oxide minerals and plant debris and as cement of detrital grains. Oxidation of the sulfldes by oxygenated ground water forms yellow to red ferric oxide and ferric hydroxide phases (\"limonite\") that replace the FeS<sub>2</sub> minerals. Processes other than the oxidation of sulfldes, however, can cause reddening of clastic sediments without the creation of a redox boundary, and so color alone is not a sufficient condition by which to judge the potential for uranium ore in frontier areas. Ferric oxides that form by the oxidation of iron sulflde minerals can be distinguished from other forms of ferric oxide by reflection microscopic examination of polished grain mounts- and polished thin sections'. Diagnostic features of oxidized sulfldes are limonite pseudomorphs of sulfldes and limonite containing internal textures that mimic characteristic textures of previously sulfldized detrital phases. Recognition of oxidized sulfides by reflection microscopy, then, can distinguish oxidized sandstones, which might have a redox boundary downdip and which would therefore be favorable hosts for uranium concentration, from those without such potential. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., and Goldhaber, M.B., 1978, Recognition of oxidized sulfide minerals as an exploration guide for uranium: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 4, p. 483-488.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"488","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue4/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232576,"text":"70232576 - 1978 - Chabazite in siliceous tuffs of a Pliocene lacustrine deposit near Durkee, Baker County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T14:40:07.31288","indexId":"70232576","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T09:36:04","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chabazite in siliceous tuffs of a Pliocene lacustrine deposit near Durkee, Baker County, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>A relatively pure chabazite deposit of at least 75 X 10<sup>6</sup> metric tons occurs near the Durkee type locality of erionite. This erionite is in a welded tuff interbedded with lacustrine rocks- of a closed Pliocene basin. The zeolites, chabazite, erionite, clinoptilolite, and other authigenic silicate minerals are confined to a 27-square-kilometer area of altered rocks enclosed in relatively freshwater lacustrine beds. About 135 meters of the lower part of the 350-m stratigraphic section at the southeastern part of the lake basin contain zeolitic tuff. The chabazite is an early product of the reaction between glass of rhyolitic or dacitic composition and alkaline (pH&gt;9) saline lake waters. Erionite, clinoptilolite, analcime, and potassium feldspar follow chabazite in the paragenetic sequence. At the erionite type locality, chabazite and clinoptilolite form megascopic crystal clusters within fractures and cavities in unaltered welded tuff. Elsewhere in the basin, most zeolite crystals in the altered airfall or reworked tuffs are less than 80 micrometers long. Chemical analyses, unit-cell determinations, and mean indices of refraction show that fine-grained chabazite varies in composition and physical parameters. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Gude, A.J., and Sheppard, R.A., 1978, Chabazite in siliceous tuffs of a Pliocene lacustrine deposit near Durkee, Baker County, Oregon: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 4, p. 467-472.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"472","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403147,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue4/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Baker County","city":"Durkee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.50461578369139,\n              44.54742015866826\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4167251586914,\n              44.54742015866826\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4167251586914,\n              44.61979915773973\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.50461578369139,\n              44.61979915773973\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.50461578369139,\n              44.54742015866826\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gude, Arthur J. 3rd 3rd","contributorId":34932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"Arthur","suffix":"3rd","email":"","middleInitial":"J. 3rd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheppard, Richard A.","contributorId":41815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheppard","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001309,"text":"1001309 - 1978 - Red fox prey demands and implications to prairie duck production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T19:36:58.071471","indexId":"1001309","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Red fox prey demands and implications to prairie duck production","docAbstract":"<p>Experiments were conducted during spring and summer with 33 red foxes (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) to determine prey demands, feeding characteristics, and growth rates using natural foods. Pups began eating prey the 4th week after birth. Then, prey consumption averaged 1.38 and 1.90 kg/pup/week for weeks 5-8 and 9-12 of the denning season respectively, and 2.54 kg/pup/week for the postdenning period. Feeding by adults averaged 2.25 kg/adult/week. Free water was not needed by either pups or adults. About 90 percent of the prey offered to pups on simulated natural diets was consumed, remains varied with prey availability and prey type. Prey biomass required by a typical fox family was estimated at 18.5 kg/km2 for the 12-week denning season and 2.4 kg/km2/week for the postdenning period. Because of the large prey demands, ducks could represent a small part of the foxes' diet and yet be of consequence to the productivity of particular species. An example is provided for the mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>).</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800813","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, A., 1978, Red fox prey demands and implications to prairie duck production: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 42, no. 3, p. 520-527, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800813.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"520","endPage":"527","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, A.B.","contributorId":13171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001266,"text":"1001266 - 1978 - A remote controlled system for capturing nesting waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T19:12:06.67582","indexId":"1001266","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A remote controlled system for capturing nesting waterfowl","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800840","usgsCitation":"Shaiffer, C., and Krapu, G., 1978, A remote controlled system for capturing nesting waterfowl: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 42, no. 3, p. 668-669, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800840.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"668","endPage":"669","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaiffer, Charles W.","contributorId":74325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaiffer","given":"Charles W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012408,"text":"70012408 - 1978 - Lithium-bearing rocks of the Horse Spring Formation, Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T15:17:44.471846","indexId":"70012408","displayToPublicDate":"1978-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1505,"text":"Energy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithium-bearing rocks of the Horse Spring Formation, Clark County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p id=\"SP0005\">The Horse Spring Formation of Miocene age in Clark County, Nevada, contains as much as 0.5% Li in individual samples. Rock sequences which average 0.1% Li range from 3 m thick near Gold Butte (south of Mesquite, Nev.) to as much as 40 m thick near Lava Butte (east of Las Vegas, Nev.) about 75 km to the west. The lithium-bearing beds are light colored to white and contain hectorite in a dolomite, magnesite, or calcite matrix. Varied amounts of gypsum, halite, celestite, clinoptilolite, quartz, feldspar, biolite and colemanite are also present locally. Hectorite is the only lithium mineral recognized to date.</p><p id=\"SP0010\">The lithium-rich rocks contain low concentrations of most other minor elements except that boron and strontium are enriched. Rarely, barium, arsenic, and zinc are present in anomalously large amounts.</p><p id=\"SP0015\">The lithium-enriched part of the Horse Spring Formation was formed from a series of volcanic ashes which were deposited in a playa. Relict volcanic ash is recognizable in thin sections as remnant glass shards and vitroclastic textures. Most of the original glass has been altered to clay minerals, carbonate minerals, or zeolites, presumably through interaction with highly saline pore waters. Abundant evidence of spring activity suggests that thermal waters played a part in releasing the lithium from volcanic materials.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0360-5442(78)90021-X","usgsCitation":"Brenner-Tourtelot, E.F., and Glanzman, R.K., 1978, Lithium-bearing rocks of the Horse Spring Formation, Clark County, Nevada: Energy, v. 3, no. 3, p. 255-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(78)90021-X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Horse Spring Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.05374232611656,\n              36.42386016202295\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.87970101824956,\n              36.42386016202295\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.87970101824956,\n              35.94407538325308\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.05374232611656,\n              35.94407538325308\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.05374232611656,\n              36.42386016202295\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a482fe4b0c8380cd67c96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brenner-Tourtelot, Elizabeth F.","contributorId":103672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner-Tourtelot","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glanzman, Richard K.","contributorId":19550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glanzman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232796,"text":"70232796 - 1978 - Studies of hydroxyaluminum complexes in aqueous solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T16:54:28.590474","indexId":"70232796","displayToPublicDate":"1978-05-01T11:41:03","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies of hydroxyaluminum complexes in aqueous solution","docAbstract":"<p>The coagulating ability of partly neutralized AlCl<sub>3</sub> solutions used in water treatment depends on their basicity, expressed here as the ratio NaOH/AlC<sub>3</sub>. This work presents an identification of the aluminum species active in the coagulation process. The results give rise to an interpretative model which is consistent with those models proposed for high ionic strength by other investigators.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bersillon, J.L., Brown, D.W., Fiessinger, F., and Hem, J.D., 1978, Studies of hydroxyaluminum complexes in aqueous solution: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 3, p. 325-337.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"337","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bersillon, J. L.","contributorId":293019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bersillon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, D. W.","contributorId":63370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiessinger, Francois","contributorId":293024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiessinger","given":"Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hem, J. D.","contributorId":293025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hem","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70232791,"text":"70232791 - 1978 - Iron in water near wastewater lagoons in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T16:36:34.720902","indexId":"70232791","displayToPublicDate":"1978-05-01T11:24:58","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron in water near wastewater lagoons in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>High dissolved-iron concentrations have been noted in water in wells used to monitor effluent that percolates from wastewater disposal lagoons near Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park. The concentration of dissolved iron in water in a well increased from 80 <i>μ</i>g/L (micrograms per liter) before a nearby lagoon was .used for disposal of effluent to 17000 <i>μ</i>g/L after the lagoon was used. The effluent contained 180 <i>μ</i>g/L of dissolved iron, and nearby Iron Spring Creek contained 30 <i>μ</i>g/L or less of dissolved iron above and below the lagoons. Organic carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in the effluent as methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide are oxidized to carbon dioxide, nitrate, and sulfate, respectively, in the unsaturated zone and possibly in the saturated zone as ground water moves through sand and gravel toward Iron Spring Creek. This oxidation results in simultaneous reduction of iron in the sand and gravel from the insoluble ferric phase to the soluble ferrous phase. As ground water high in dissolved iron discharges at land surface near the stream, oxygen from the atmosphere oxidizes the iron back to the insoluble ferric phase, and ferric hydroxide precipitates. Ferric hydroxide also precipitates in some of the monitoring wells. Iron bacteria and other organisms are associated with the precipitates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Cox, E.R., 1978, Iron in water near wastewater lagoons in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 3, p. 319-324.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"324","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403523,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.85,\n              44.452778\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.841667,\n              44.452778\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.841667,\n              44.458333\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.85,\n              44.458333\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.85,\n              44.452778\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Edward Riley","contributorId":40966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Riley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232789,"text":"70232789 - 1978 - Relationship between hydrology and bottomland vegetation in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T16:22:53.048204","indexId":"70232789","displayToPublicDate":"1978-05-01T11:18:25","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between hydrology and bottomland vegetation in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>The identification of plants and plant assemblages that are common to stream reaches that gain water and those that do not is an important key in the study of limestone hydrology. In the Ozark Mountains of Missouri, a rapid change from a stream-channel growth of abundant willows (<i>Salix</i> spp.), touch-me-nots (<i>Impatiens capensis</i>), and sedges such as <i>Carex Frankii</i> and <i>Eleocharis</i> spp. to an abundant growth of bluestars (<i>Amsonia illustris</i>) indicates a rapid increase in depth to water. Vegetative indicators of hydrologic conditions are most helpful when used in conjunction with other information, but they are independently useful in pinpointing areas of abrupt hydrologic changes. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Harvey, E.J., and Skelton, J., 1978, Relationship between hydrology and bottomland vegetation in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 3, p. 299-305.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"305","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.5,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1,\n              38.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5,\n              38.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, E. J.","contributorId":292921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skelton, John","contributorId":70392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skelton","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232783,"text":"70232783 - 1978 - Infiltration from tributary streams in the Susquehanna River basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T16:13:32.74323","indexId":"70232783","displayToPublicDate":"1978-05-01T11:05:52","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infiltration from tributary streams in the Susquehanna River basin, New York","docAbstract":"<p>As tributary streams in the Susquehanna River basin leave narrow upland valleys and enter larger valleys floored with permeable stratified glacial drift, they lose water by infiltration through streambeds. The infiltration rate is generally slow near the point of entering a larger valley, but farther downstream it is much faster and is approximately constant per unit distance along a given stream. A conservative average value of infiltration rate in the downstream reach is 10 liters per second per 100 meters of channel. Infiltration from these streams is little influenced by stream width, depth, or temperature and seems to be controlled by permeability distribution beyond the streambed in the alluvium or underlying glacial drift rather than by permeability at the streambed. Hydraulic conductivity of earth materials near each of the streams studied was calculated by applying models that describe steady-state saturated flow into isotropic materials with various boundary conditions. Hydraulic conductivities of 4 to 41 meters per day were obtained; 13 meters per day is suggested as a conservative average value for silty gravel alluvium in the Susquehanna River basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., 1978, Infiltration from tributary streams in the Susquehanna River basin, New York: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 3, p. 285-297.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue3/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.80267333984375,\n              42.0064481470799\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.80017089843749,\n              42.0064481470799\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.80017089843749,\n              42.512601715736665\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.80267333984375,\n              42.512601715736665\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.80267333984375,\n              42.0064481470799\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232920,"text":"70232920 - 1978 - Pleistocene history of volcanism and the Owens River near Little Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T14:51:04.73016","indexId":"70232920","displayToPublicDate":"1978-05-01T09:43:12","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene history of volcanism and the Owens River near Little Lake, California","docAbstract":"<p>During pluvial periods of the Pleistocene and Holocene, a large river flowed south from Owens Lake to China Lake between the Sierra Nevada and the Coso Range. The most recent channel, dry during historic time, is clearly marked by cliffs and falls. An older, now-abandoned part of the channel beneath Pleistocene lavas east of the present course is inferred from a meander-shaped ridge in Mesozoic basement rocks and a strong positive magnetic anomaly, presumably produced by a wedge of canyon-filling basalt. Three cycles of eruption and stream erosion have occurred along the present course. The first resulted when water impounded by damming of the now-abandoned eastern course found its way along the west margin of a basalt flow at the base of the Sierra Nevada escarpment, eventually carving a canyon at least 150 meters deep. Subsequently, two cycles, each consisting of an intracanyon basalt flow followed by major stream erosion, modified this canyon to its present configuration. A potassium-argon age of about 440000 years before present for the oldest of the three eroded lavas indicates that the river was not diverted from its easterly course until after that time. The age and character of lacustrine deposits in Searles Lake, a downstream part of the same drainage system, indicate that the greatest discharge of the river, and therefore, erosion of the two younger lavas since 440000 years B.P., probably occurred between 130000 and 10000 years B.P. An estimate of the rate of erosion during this period of time together with loosely constrained potassium-argon ages for the basalt of intermediate age suggests that the youngest lava is probably a few tens of thousands of years old and the intermediate lava somewhat less than 100000 years old. The youthfulness of the youngest basalt suggests that a fourth cycle of an intracanyon lava flow followed by stream erosion is a likely event for the near geologic future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., and Smith, G., 1978, Pleistocene history of volcanism and the Owens River near Little Lake, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 3, p. 395-408.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"408","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403607,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue3/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Little Lake","otherGeospatial":"Owens River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.2,\n              35.594785665487244\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.54959106445312,\n              35.594785665487244\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.54959106445312,\n              36.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.2,\n              36.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.2,\n              35.594785665487244\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, Wendell A.","contributorId":14363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":57096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232915,"text":"70232915 - 1978 - Trenches across the 1906 trace of the San Andreas Fault in northern San Mateo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T13:49:09.790349","indexId":"70232915","displayToPublicDate":"1978-05-01T08:41:22","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trenches across the 1906 trace of the San Andreas Fault in northern San Mateo County, California","docAbstract":"<p>Two trenches were excavated across the 1906 trace of the San Andreas fault near fences that were displaced by the 1906 faulting. About 18 displacements equal to the 1906 displacement would account for the offset of a stream adjacent to one of the trenches. Review of divergent reports on the amount of fault displacement in 1906 at 7 localities indicates that right slip ranged from about 2 in (meters) to about 3 m at the main trace and was about 0.6 m on a subsidiary trace near one of the trench sites. Materials exposed in the trenches included Franciscan bedrock, Merced (?) sandstone, alluvial deposits, and modern soils. Visibility of the evidence for faulting covered a wide range. Faulting was expressed in the trenches as conspicuous color differences, abrupt termination of geologic units, fractures, gouge, granulation of rock, streaked contacts, rounding of rock fragments, and slickensides. Irregularly shaped masses of gouge and other materials found in both trenches may also be a manifestation of faulting. Neither caving of the walls nor the inflow of ground water were reliable indicators of the locations of faults in these trenches. The features exposed in the trenches clearly indicated the presence of an important zone of faults with geologically young displacements, but they were inadequate to identify with certainty the 1906 break or the probable 1838 break. For example, evidence of the 1906 rupture could not be seen in a unit 200 mm (millimeters) thick that is believed to predate 1906. The approximate location in the trenches of the 1906 zone of ruptures could, however, be inferred from surface morphology, historic records, and evidence in the trenches. A moderately sharp and steep contact between two surface soils, in itself suggestive of very young faulting, did not have a fault below it. Brass monuments were installed at the trench sites so that future surface ruptures can be related to the faults and other structures mapped in the trenches. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bonilla, M.G., Alt, J.N., and Hodgen, L.D., 1978, Trenches across the 1906 trace of the San Andreas Fault in northern San Mateo County, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 3, p. 347-358.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"358","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Mateo County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.41061210632324,\n              37.58539817171583\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4191951751709,\n              37.58097699330531\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39104270935059,\n              37.54757160991822\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.37954139709473,\n              37.55369591747172\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.41061210632324,\n              37.58539817171583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonilla, M. G.","contributorId":33698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonilla","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alt, J. N.","contributorId":44667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgen, L. D.","contributorId":293153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodgen","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168736,"text":"70168736 - 1978 - Water resources of south-central Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:14:27.245092","indexId":"70168736","displayToPublicDate":"1978-04-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5106,"text":"Iowa Geological Survey Water Atlas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"5","title":"Water resources of south-central Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of this report is to present information on the water resources of south-central Iowa that will help solve the supply problems of the water users in the region and that will aid planners and water managers who must consider water resources on a regional basis. The information presented includes the availability, quality, and utilization of water from all known sources and the future demands upon the water resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Cagle, J.W., and Heinitz, A.J., 1978, Water resources of south-central Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey Water Atlas 5, x, 97 p.","productDescription":"x, 97 p.","numberOfPages":"109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318413,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493147,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70168736/IGS_Water_Atlas_Number_5.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.64,40.8979],[-92.6398,40.8122],[-92.6397,40.7246],[-92.6389,40.6371],[-92.6395,40.5914],[-92.7151,40.5902],[-92.8744,40.5877],[-93.0977,40.5839],[-93.1454,40.5831],[-93.2896,40.5804],[-93.3826,40.5798],[-93.4167,40.5796],[-93.5565,40.5789],[-93.6866,40.5783],[-93.7784,40.5769],[-93.9589,40.5743],[-94.0182,40.5735],[-94.2285,40.5706],[-94.234,40.5706],[-94.4727,40.5703],[-94.4724,40.6385],[-94.4723,40.7247],[-94.4723,40.8118],[-94.4723,40.8989],[-94.4723,40.9842],[-94.4722,41.0695],[-94.4728,41.1566],[-94.3581,41.1561],[-94.2434,41.1563],[-94.2424,41.2425],[-94.2427,41.3288],[-94.2424,41.4155],[-94.2427,41.5031],[-94.1299,41.5028],[-94.0159,41.5019],[-93.9006,41.5014],[-93.8773,41.5024],[-93.7927,41.5108],[-93.6774,41.511],[-93.5615,41.5102],[-93.4456,41.5061],[-93.4414,41.5061],[-93.4432,41.5038],[-93.4407,41.5025],[-93.4346,41.502],[-93.426,41.5075],[-93.4217,41.5084],[-93.4174,41.507],[-93.4162,41.5047],[-93.4162,41.502],[-93.4174,41.4997],[-93.4224,41.4961],[-93.4236,41.4943],[-93.423,41.4925],[-93.4199,41.4911],[-93.4162,41.4916],[-93.4113,41.4943],[-93.407,41.4993],[-93.4027,41.5002],[-93.4003,41.4988],[-93.3991,41.4961],[-93.3991,41.4938],[-93.4015,41.492],[-93.4052,41.4897],[-93.4058,41.4884],[-93.4052,41.4866],[-93.4021,41.4856],[-93.3978,41.4856],[-93.3935,41.4879],[-93.3893,41.492],[-93.3862,41.4929],[-93.3801,41.4929],[-93.3776,41.492],[-93.3764,41.4902],[-93.3745,41.4874],[-93.3733,41.4856],[-93.3703,41.4852],[-93.3641,41.4861],[-93.3611,41.4879],[-93.3598,41.4947],[-93.3586,41.4965],[-93.3561,41.4965],[-93.3531,41.4947],[-93.3488,41.4833],[-93.347,41.4815],[-93.3445,41.481],[-93.3414,41.481],[-93.339,41.4833],[-93.3347,41.4888],[-93.3304,41.4906],[-93.3304,41.5074],[-93.2181,41.5076],[-93.1047,41.5078],[-92.9894,41.5083],[-92.8729,41.5082],[-92.8719,41.4202],[-92.8714,41.333],[-92.871,41.2463],[-92.8711,41.1592],[-92.757,41.1591],[-92.6441,41.1597],[-92.641,41.0699],[-92.6395,40.985],[-92.64,40.8979]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Appanoose\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d57a02e4b015c306f1fd6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cagle, Joseph W. Jr.","contributorId":78640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagle","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinitz, Albert J.","contributorId":43355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinitz","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70119885,"text":"70119885 - 1978 - Field testing and adaptation of a methodology to measure \"in-stream\" values in the Tongue River, northern Great Plains (NGP) region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-12T16:44:28","indexId":"70119885","displayToPublicDate":"1978-04-01T11:39:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA-908/4-78-004A","title":"Field testing and adaptation of a methodology to measure \"in-stream\" values in the Tongue River, northern Great Plains (NGP) region","docAbstract":"<p>A comprehensive, multi-component in-stream flow methodology was developed and field tested in the Tongue River in southeastern Montana.  The methodology incorporates a sensitivity for the flow requirements of a wide variety of in-stream uses, and the flexibility to adjust flows to accommodate seasonal and sub-seasonal changes in the flow requirements for different areas.  In addition, the methodology provides the means to accurately determine the magnitude of the water requirement for each in-stream use.  The methodology can be a powerful water management tool in that it provides the flexibility and accuracy necessary in water use negotiations and evaluation of trade-offs.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In contrast to most traditional methodologies, in-stream flow requirements were determined by additive independent methodologies developed for: 1) fisheries, including spawning, rearing, and food production; 2) sediment transport; 3) the mitigation of adverse impacts of ice; and 4) evapotranspiration losses.  Since each flow requirement varied in important throughout the year, the consideration of a single in-stream use as a basis for a flow recommendation is inadequate.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The study shows that the base flow requirement for spawning shovelnose sturgeon was 13.0 m<sup>3</sup>/sec.  During the same period of the year, the flow required to initiate the scour of sediment from pools is 18.0 m<sup>3</sup>/sec, with increased scour efficiency occurring at flows between 20.0 and 25.0 m<sup>3</sup>/sec.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>An over-winter flow of 2.83 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. would result in the loss of approximately 80% of the riffle areas to encroachment by surface ice.  At the base flow for insect production, approximately 60% of the riffle area is lost to ice.  Serious damage to the channel could be incurred from ice jams during the spring break-up period.  A flow of 12.0 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. is recommended to alleviate this problem.  Extensive ice jams would be expected at the base rearing and food production levels.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The base rearing flow may be profoundly influenced by the loss of streamflow to transpiration.  Transpiration losses to riparian vegetation ranged from 0.78 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. in April, to 1.54 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. in July, under drought conditions.  Requirement for irrigation were estimated to range from 5.56 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. in May to 7.97 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. in July, under drought conditions.  It was concluded that flow requirements to satisfy monthly water losses to transpiration must be added to the base fishery flows to provide adequate protection to the resources in the lower reaches of the river.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Integration of the in-stream requirements for various use components shows that a base flow of at least 23.6 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. must be reserved during the month of June to initiate scour of sediment from pools, provide spawning habitat to shovelnose sturgeon, and to accommodate water losses from the system.  In comparison, a base flow of 3.85 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. would be required during early February to provide fish rearing habitat and insect productivity, and to prevent excessive loss of food production areas to surface ice formation.  During mid to late February, a flow of 12 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. would be needed to facilitate ice break-up and prevent ice jams from forming.  Following break-up, the base flow would again be 3.85 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. until the start of spawning season.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Rocky Mountain-Prairie Region, Office of Energy Activities","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., Gore, J.A., and Silverman, A.J., 1978, Field testing and adaptation of a methodology to measure \"in-stream\" values in the Tongue River, northern Great Plains (NGP) region, 465 p.","productDescription":"465 p.","numberOfPages":"465","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.17,39.44 ], [ -114.17,49.0 ], [ -95.56,49.0 ], [ -95.56,39.44 ], [ -114.17,39.44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8cee4b008eaa4f3f651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gore, James A.","contributorId":57458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gore","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silverman, Arnold J.","contributorId":33231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001662,"text":"1001662 - 1978 - Natural cavities used by wood ducks in north-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T18:37:35.864314","indexId":"1001662","displayToPublicDate":"1978-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural cavities used by wood ducks in north-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Radio telemetry was used to locate 31 wood duck (<i>Aix sponsa</i>) nest cavity sites in 16 forest stands. Stands were of 2 types: (1) mature (mean = 107 years) northern hardwoods (10 nest sites), and (2) mature (mean = 68 years) quaking aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) (21 nest sites). Aspen was the most important cavity-producing tree used by wood ducks and accounted for 57 percent of 28 cavities inspected. In stands used by wood ducks, the average density of suitable cavities was about 4 per hectare. Trees containing nests were closer to water areas (P &lt; 0.05) and the nearest forest canopy openings (P &lt; 0.01) than was a random sample of trees from the same stands. A significant (P &lt; 0.005) relationship existed between the orientation of the cavity entrance and the nearest canopy opening. Potential wood duck cavities usually were clustered within a stand rather than randomly distributed. Selection of trees by woodpeckers for nest hole construction probably influenced the availability of cavities used by wood ducks. A plan for managing forests to benefit wood ducks and other wildlife dependent on old-growth timber is discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800266","usgsCitation":"Gilmer, D., Ball, I., Cowardin, L., Mathisen, J., and Riechmann, J., 1978, Natural cavities used by wood ducks in north-central Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 42, no. 2, p. 288-298, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800266.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133936,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70162272,"text":"70162272 - 1978 - Efficacy of certain disinfectants against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-19T16:20:31","indexId":"70162272","displayToPublicDate":"1978-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of certain disinfectants against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus","docAbstract":"<p><span>The virucidal properties of iodophor, chlorine (sodium hypochlorite), formalin, thimerosal (organic mercurial compound), malachite green, and acriflavine were tested on infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Iodine and chlorine showed good activity, but efficacy depended on the concentration of virus, the presence of organic matter (calf serum), and water&nbsp;</span><span>p</span><span>H. Water hardness (0-300 mg 1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;as CaCO</span><span>3</span><span>) did not affect virucidal activity. In a 5 min exposure, 4 mg 1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>available iodine inactivated 10</span><span>3.9</span><span>&nbsp;TCID</span><span>50</span><span>&nbsp;m1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;IPNV but 16 mg 1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;iodine were needed for inactivation of 10</span><span>6.3</span><span>TCID</span><span>50</span><span>m1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>. The addition of 0-5% calf serum significantly reduced the iodine concentration and the virucidal activity. In comparison, 4 mg 1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;chlorine were needed to inactivate 10</span><span>46</span><span>&nbsp;TCID</span><span>50</span><span>&nbsp;m1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;IPNV in 5 min. However, the addition of 0-07 % serum greatly reduced the chlorine concentration and extended the virucidal contact time to 30 min or more. IPNV at 10</span><span>6.3</span><span>&nbsp;TCID</span><span>60</span><span>&nbsp;m1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;was not inactivated by exposures for 60 min to 0-2% formalin, 10 min to 0-2% thimerosal, 60 min to 5 mg 1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;malachite green, or 20 min to 500 mg 1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;acriflavine. However, acriflavine at 0-5 mg 1</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;in cell culture media prevented the development of cytopathology caused by IPNV and may be useful in the treatment of the disease.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04173.x","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D.G., and Amend, D.F., 1978, Efficacy of certain disinfectants against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 277-286, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04173.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"286","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314502,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c42e4b0961cf27fd19a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amend, Donald F.","contributorId":106543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amend","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70232939,"text":"70232939 - 1978 - Factors contributing to the formation of ferromanganese nodules in Oneida Lake, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T16:24:29.217922","indexId":"70232939","displayToPublicDate":"1978-03-01T11:20:03","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors contributing to the formation of ferromanganese nodules in Oneida Lake, New York","docAbstract":"<p> Oneida Lake is a large, shallow, eutrophic lake situated in the Ontario lowlands of central New York State. It contains the most concentrated deposit of freshwater ferromanganese nodules (in terms of amount per unit area) yet reported in the literature. The mineralogy and bulk chemistry of these saucer-shaped nodules are similar to the mineralogy and bulk chemistry of deep-sea ferromanganese nodules, but the nodules in Oneida Lake contain considerably lower concentrations of trace metals, especially cobalt, nickel, and copper. Budgets for iron and manganese in waters from Oneida Lake and its tributaries indicate that approximately 122 t (metric tons) of iron and 23 t of manganese are lost each year from the lake waters, presumably by incorporation into sediments and ferromanganese nodules. Estimates based on nodule abundance and age of the lake suggest that iron and manganese are being incorporated into ferromanganese nodules at rates of 13 and 22 t/yr, respectively. Most iron lost from the lake waters is apparently incorporated into sediments, which contain an average of 10 times more iron than manganese. Most manganese lost from the lake waters is apparently incorporated into ferromanganese nodules, which contain an average of 1.7 times more manganese than iron. In Oneida Lake, very high rates of phytoplankton productivity, combined with almost continuous wind mixing to the bottom, provide high-pH and high-Eh conditions in most of the lake. Algae also provide an effective means of concentrating and transporting iron and manganese and thereby aid in the extensive development of ferromanganese nodule deposits. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., and Ghosh, S., 1978, Factors contributing to the formation of ferromanganese nodules in Oneida Lake, New York: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 2, p. 231-240.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue2/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Oneida Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.13800048828125,\n              43.137069765760344\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.72052001953125,\n              43.137069765760344\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.72052001953125,\n              43.27720532212024\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13800048828125,\n              43.27720532212024\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13800048828125,\n              43.137069765760344\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghosh, Swapan","contributorId":293157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghosh","given":"Swapan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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