Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are highly susceptible to Yersinia pestis and, along with other wild rodents, are significant reservoirs of plague for other wildlife and humans in the western United States. A recombinant raccoon poxvirus, expressing the F1 antigen of Y. pestis, was incorporated into a palatable bait and offered to three groups (n=18, 19, and 20) of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) for voluntary consumption, either one, two, or three times, at roughly 3-wk intervals. A control group (n=19) received baits containing raccoon poxvirus without the inserted antigen. Mean antibody titers to Y. pestis F1 antigen increased significantly in all groups ingesting the vaccine-laden baits, whereas the control group remained negative. Upon challenge with virulent Y. pestis, immunized groups had higher survival rates (38%) than the unimmunized control group (11%). The mean survival time of groups ingesting vaccine-laden baits either two or three times was significantly higher than that of animals ingesting vaccine-laden baits just one time and of animals in the control group. These results show that oral immunization of prairie dogs against plague provides some protection against challenge at dosages that simulate simultaneous delivery of the plague bacterium by numerous (3–10) flea bites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.930","issn":"00903","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T.E., Smith, S., Stinchcomb, D., and Osorio, J.E., 2008, Immunization of black-tailed prairie dog against plague through consumption of vaccine-laden baits: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 44, no. 4, p. 930-937, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.930.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"930","endPage":"937","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.930","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3896e4b0c8380cd61615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Susan 0000-0001-6478-5028 susansmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-5028","contributorId":139497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Susan","email":"susansmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":441396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stinchcomb, D.T.","contributorId":31336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinchcomb","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osorio, Jorge E.","contributorId":174759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osorio","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":441398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033531,"text":"70033531 - 2008 - A simulation model for projecting changes in salinity concentrations and species dominance in the coastal margin habitats of the Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70033531","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simulation model for projecting changes in salinity concentrations and species dominance in the coastal margin habitats of the Everglades","docAbstract":"Sharp boundaries typically separate the salinity tolerant mangroves from the salinity intolerant hardwood hammock species, which occupy the similar geographical areas of southern Florida. Evidence of strong feedback between tree community-type and the salinity of the unsaturated (vadose) zone of the soil suggests that a severe disturbance that significantly tilts the salinity in the vadose zone might cause a shift from one vegetation type to the other. In this study, a model based upon the feedback dynamics between vegetation and salinity of the vadose zone of the soil was used to take account of storm surge events to investigate the mechanisms that by which this large-scale disturbance could affect the spatial pattern of hardwood hammocks and mangroves. Model simulation results indicated that a heavy storm surge that completely saturated the vadose zone at 30 ppt for 1 day could lead to a regime shift in which there is domination by mangroves of areas previously dominated by hardwood hammocks. Lighter storm surges that saturated the vadose zone at less than 7 ppt did not cause vegetation shifts. Investigations of model sensitivity analysis indicated that the thickness of the vadose zone, coupled with precipitation, influenced the residence time of high salinity in the vadose zone and therefore determined the rate of mangrove domination. The model was developed for a southern Florida coastal ecosystem, but its applicability may be much broader. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.007","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Teh, S., DeAngelis, D., Sternberg, L., Miralles-Wilhelm, F.R., Smith, T., and Koh, H.L., 2008, A simulation model for projecting changes in salinity concentrations and species dominance in the coastal margin habitats of the Everglades: Ecological Modelling, v. 213, no. 2, p. 245-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.007.","startPage":"245","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214221,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.007"}],"volume":"213","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e595e4b0c8380cd46e4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teh, S.Y.","contributorId":22969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teh","given":"S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sternberg, L.D.S.L.","contributorId":41223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"L.D.S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miralles-Wilhelm, F. R.","contributorId":56458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miralles-Wilhelm","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, T.J.","contributorId":45034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koh, H. L.","contributorId":44362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033513,"text":"70033513 - 2008 - Susceptibility to enhanced chemical migration from depression-focused preferential flow, High Plains aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:45:36","indexId":"70033513","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Susceptibility to enhanced chemical migration from depression-focused preferential flow, High Plains aquifer","docAbstract":"Aquifer susceptibility to contamination is controlled in part by the inherent hydrogeologic properties of the vadose zone, which includes preferential-flow pathways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of seasonal ponding near leaky irrigation wells as a mechanism for depression-focused preferential flow and enhanced chemical migration through the vadose zone of the High Plains aquifer. Such a mechanism may help explain the widespread presence of agrichemicals in recently recharged groundwater despite estimates of advective chemical transit times through the vadose zone from diffuse recharge that exceed the historical period of agriculture. Using a combination of field observations, vadose zone flow and transport simulations, and probabilistic neural network modeling, we demonstrated that vadose zone transit times near irrigation wells range from 7 to 50 yr, which are one to two orders of magnitude faster than previous estimates based on diffuse recharge. These findings support the concept of fast and slow transport zones and help to explain the previous discordant findings of long vadose zone transit times and the presence of agrichemicals at the water table. Using predictions of aquifer susceptibility from probabilistic neural network models, we delineated approximately 20% of the areal extent of the aquifer to have conditions that may promote advective chemical transit times to the water table of <50 yr if seasonal ponding and depression-focused flow exist. This aquifer-susceptibility map may help managers prioritize areas for groundwater monitoring or implementation of best management practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/vzj2007.0145","usgsCitation":"Gurdak, J., Walvoord, M.A., and McMahon, P.B., 2008, Susceptibility to enhanced chemical migration from depression-focused preferential flow, High Plains aquifer: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 7, no. 4, p. 1172-1184, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0145.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1172","endPage":"1184","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0145","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"High Plains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.6,35.33 ], [ -110.6,49.69 ], [ -99.54,49.69 ], [ -99.54,35.33 ], [ -110.6,35.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2f9e4b08c986b31fac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":65125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":441215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033484,"text":"70033484 - 2008 - Abundance and modes of occurrence of mercury in some low-sulfur coals from China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70033484","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and modes of occurrence of mercury in some low-sulfur coals from China","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is one of the hazardous trace elements in coal. Mercury in coal is almost totally emitted into the atmosphere during coal combustion. Especially for utilities burning low-sulfur coals that do not require scrubbers, Hg reduction will be neglected. Hg abundances of 52 low-sulfur coal samples from different coalfields in six provinces of China were determined by a flow injection mercury system (FIMS). The results show that Hg abundances in selected low-sulfur coals range from 0.03??ppm to 0.79??ppm, with an arithmetic mean of 0.24??ppm, which is higher than that of average Chinese coals (0.19??ppm). Correlation analysis and sequential extraction procedures are performed to study possible modes of occurrence of Hg in low-sulfur coals. Modes of occurrence of Hg are variable in low-sulfur coals, and the sulfide-bound and organic-bound Hg may be the dominant forms. In addition, the silicate-bound Hg may be the main form in some of these coals because of magmatic intrusion. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2007.05.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zheng, L., Liu, G., and Chou, C.L., 2008, Abundance and modes of occurrence of mercury in some low-sulfur coals from China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 73, no. 1, p. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.05.002.","startPage":"19","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2007.05.002"},{"id":242313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e65be4b0c8380cd47372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, Lingyun","contributorId":68495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Lingyun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033479,"text":"70033479 - 2008 - A photographic and acoustic transect across two deep-water seafloor mounds, Mississippi Canyon, northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033479","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A photographic and acoustic transect across two deep-water seafloor mounds, Mississippi Canyon, northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"In the northern Gulf of Mexico, a series of seafloor mounds lie along the floor of the Mississippi Canyon in Atwater Valley lease blocks 13 and 14. The mounds, one of which was drilled by the Chevron Joint Industry Project on Methane Hydrates in 2005, are interpreted to be vent-related features that may contain significant accumulations of gas hydrate adjacent to gas and fluid migration pathways. The mounds are located ???150 km south of Louisiana at ???1300 m water depth. New side-scan sonar data, multibeam bathymetry, and near-bottom photography along a 4 km northwest-southeast transect crossing two of the mounds (labeled D and F) reveal the mounds' detailed morphology and surficial characteristics. Mound D, ???250 m in diameter and 7-10 m in height, has exposures of authigenic carbonates and appears to result from a seafloor vent of slow-to-moderate flux. Mound F, which is ???400 m in diameter and 10-15 m high, is covered on its southwest flank by extruded mud flows, a characteristic associated with moderate-to-rapid flux. Chemosynthetic communities visible on the bottom photographs are restricted to bacterial mats on both mounds and mussels at Mound D. No indications of surficial gas hydrates are evident on the bottom photographs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.020","issn":"02648","usgsCitation":"Hart, P., Hutchinson, D.R., Gardner, J., Carney, R., and Fornari, D., 2008, A photographic and acoustic transect across two deep-water seafloor mounds, Mississippi Canyon, northern Gulf of Mexico: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 969-976, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.020.","startPage":"969","endPage":"976","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476687,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2620","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214512,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.020"},{"id":242246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d7e4b0c8380cd4697f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, J.","contributorId":18176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carney, R.S.","contributorId":86186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carney","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fornari, D.","contributorId":74214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornari","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033411,"text":"70033411 - 2008 - Low-Level detections of halogenated volatile organic compounds in groundwater: Use in vulnerability assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:02:57","indexId":"70033411","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-Level detections of halogenated volatile organic compounds in groundwater: Use in vulnerability assessments","docAbstract":"Concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined by gas chromatography (GC) with an electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) and by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in 109 groundwater samples from five study areas in the United States. In each case, the untreated water sample was used for drinking-water purposes or was from a monitoring well in an area near a drinking-water source. The minimum detection levels (MDLs) for 25 VOCs that were identified in GC-ECD chromatograms, typically, were two to more than four orders of magnitude below the GC-MS MDLs. At least six halogenated VOCs were detected in all of the water samples analyzed by GC-ECD, although one or more VOCs were detected in only 43% of the water samples analyzed by GC-MS. In nearly all of the samples, VOC concentrations were very low and presented no known health risk. Most of the low-level VOC detections indicated post-1940s recharge, or mixtures of recharge that contained a fraction of post-1940s water. Concentrations of selected halogenated VOCs in groundwater from natural and anthropogenic atmospheric sources were estimated and used to recognize water samples that are being impacted by nonatmospheric sources. A classification is presented to perform vulnerability assessments at the scale of individual wells using the number of halogenated VOC detections and total dissolved VOC concentrations in samples of untreated drinking water. The low-level VOC detections are useful in vulnerability assessments, particularly for samples in which no VOCs are detected by GC-MS analysis.
Chihuahueños Bog (2925 m) in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico contains one of the few records of late-glacial and postglacial development of the mixed conifer forest in southwestern North America. The Chihuahueños Bog record extends to over 15,000 cal yr BP. AnArtemisiasteppe, then an openPiceawoodland grew around a small pond until ca. 11,700 cal yr BP whenPinus ponderosabecame established. C/N ratios,δ 13C andδ 15N values indicate both terrestrial and aquatic organic matter was incorporated into the sediment. Higher percentages of aquatic algae and elevated C/N ratios indicate higher lake levels at the opening of the Holocene, but a wetland developed subsequently as climate warmed. From ca. 8500 to 6400 cal yr BP the pond desiccated in what must have been the driest period of the Holocene there. C/N ratios declined to their lowest Holocene levels, indicating intense decomposition in the sediment. Wetter conditions returned after 6400 cal yr BP, with conversion of the site to a sedge bog as groundwater levels rose. Higher charcoal influx rates after 6400 cal yr BP probably result from greater biomass production rates. Only minor shifts in the overstory species occurred during the Holocene, suggesting that mixed conifer forest dominated throughout the record.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2007.12.002","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R., Jass, R., Toney, J., Allen, C.D., Cisneros-Dozal, L.M., Hess, M., Heikoop, J., and Fessenden, J., 2008, Development of the mixed conifer forest in northern New Mexico and its relationship to Holocene environmental change: Quaternary Research, v. 69, no. 2, p. 263-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.12.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a007ce4b0c8380cd4f770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jass, R.B.","contributorId":58111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jass","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toney, J.L.","contributorId":57281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toney","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cisneros-Dozal, L. M.","contributorId":7099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cisneros-Dozal","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hess, M.","contributorId":49997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heikoop, Jeff","contributorId":21779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heikoop","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fessenden, J.","contributorId":73838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fessenden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032175,"text":"70032175 - 2008 - The potential applications of using compost chars for removing the hydrophobic herbicide atrazine from solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032175","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1043,"text":"Bioresource Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential applications of using compost chars for removing the hydrophobic herbicide atrazine from solution","docAbstract":"One commercial compost sample was pyrolyzed to produce chars as a sorbent for removing the herbicide atrazine from solution. The sorption behavior of compost-based char was compared with that of an activated carbon derived from corn stillage. When compost was pyrolyzed, the char yield was greater than 45% when heated under air, and 52% when heated under N2. In contrast, when the corn stillage was pyrolyzed under N2, the yield was only 22%. The N2-BET surface area of corn stillage activated carbon was 439 m2/g, which was much greater than the maximum compost char surface area of 72 m2/g. However, the sorption affinity of the compost char for dissolved atrazine was comparable to that of the corn stillage activated carbon. This similarity could have resulted from the initial organic waste being subjected to a relatively long period of thermal processes during composting, and thus, the compost was more thermally stable when compared with the raw materials. In addition, microorganisms transformed the organic wastes into amorphous humic substances, and thus, it was likely that the microporisity was enhanced. Although this micropore structure could not be detected by the N2-BET method, it was apparent in the atrazine sorption experiment. Overall, the experimental results suggested that the compost sample in current study was a relatively stable material thermally for producing char, and that it has the potential as a feed stock for making high-quality activated carbon. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bioresource Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.026","issn":"09608524","usgsCitation":"Tsui, L., and Roy, W.R., 2008, The potential applications of using compost chars for removing the hydrophobic herbicide atrazine from solution: Bioresource Technology, v. 99, no. 13, p. 5673-5678, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.026.","startPage":"5673","endPage":"5678","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.026"},{"id":242801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baea8e4b08c986b324255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsui, L.","contributorId":86566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsui","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032127,"text":"70032127 - 2008 - Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:57:34","indexId":"70032127","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches","docAbstract":"Estimates of streambed water flux are needed for the interpretation of streambed chemistry and reactions. Continuous temperature and head monitoring in stream reaches within four agricultural watersheds (Leary Weber Ditch, IN; Maple Creek, NE; DR2 Drain, WA; and Merced River, CA) allowed heat to be used as a tracer to study the temporal and spatial variability of fluxes through the streambed. Synoptic methods (seepage meter and differential discharge measurements) were compared with estimates obtained by using heat as a tracer. Water flux was estimated by modeling one-dimensional vertical flow of water and heat using the model VS2DH. Flux was influenced by physical heterogeneity of the stream channel and temporal variability in stream and ground-water levels. During most of the study period (April–December 2004), flux was upward through the streambeds. At the IN, NE, and CA sites, high-stage events resulted in rapid reversal of flow direction inducing short-term surface-water flow into the streambed. During late summer at the IN site, regional ground-water levels dropped, leading to surface-water loss to ground water that resulted in drying of the ditch. Synoptic measurements of flux generally supported the model flux estimates. Water flow through the streambed was roughly an order of magnitude larger in the humid basins (IN and NE) than in the arid basins (WA and CA). Downward flux, in response to sudden high streamflows, and seasonal variability in flux was most pronounced in the humid basins and in high conductivity zones in the streambed.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0448","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H., Zamora, C., McCarthy, K.A., Vogel, J.R., and Wilson, J., 2008, Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1010-1023, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0448.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1010","endPage":"1023","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0448"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc05be4b08c986b32a09d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zamora, C.M.","contributorId":34343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032126,"text":"70032126 - 2008 - Biological and chemical characterization of metal bioavailability in sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Columbia River, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T13:59:13","indexId":"70032126","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological and chemical characterization of metal bioavailability in sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Columbia River, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"We studied the bioavailability and toxicity of copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, and lead in sediments from Lake Roosevelt (LR), a reservoir on the Columbia River in Washington, USA that receives inputs of metals from an upstream smelter facility. We characterized chronic sediment toxicity, metal bioaccumulation, and metal concentrations in sediment and pore water from eight study sites: one site upstream in the Columbia River, six sites in the reservoir, and a reference site in an uncontaminated tributary. Total recoverable metal concentrations in LR sediments generally decreased from upstream to downstream in the study area, but sediments from two sites in the reservoir had metal concentrations much lower than adjacent reservoir sites and similar to the reference site, apparently due to erosion of uncontaminated bank soils. Concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide in LR sediments were too low to provide strong controls on metal bioavailability, and selective sediment extractions indicated that metals in most LR sediments were primarily associated with iron and manganese oxides. Oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) accumulated greatest concentrations of copper from the river sediment, and greatest concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead from reservoir sediments. Chronic toxic effects on amphipods (Hyalella azteca; reduced survival) and midge larvae (Chironomus dilutus; reduced growth) in whole-sediment exposures were generally consistent with predictions of metal toxicity based on empirical and equilibrium partitioning-based sediment quality guidelines. Elevated metal concentrations in pore waters of some LR sediments suggested that metals released from iron and manganese oxides under anoxic conditions contributed to metal bioaccumulation and toxicity. Results of both chemical and biological assays indicate that metals in sediments from both riverine and reservoir habitats of Lake Roosevelt are available to benthic invertebrates. These findings will be used as part of an ongoing ecological risk assessment to determine remedial actions for contaminated sediments in Lake Roosevelt. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-007-9074-5","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Besser, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., Ivey, C., Ingersoll, C., and Moran, P., 2008, Biological and chemical characterization of metal bioavailability in sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Columbia River, Washington, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 557-570, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9074-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"570","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214786,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-007-9074-5"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f161e4b0c8380cd4ac1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, J.M.","contributorId":91569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivey, C.D.","contributorId":33876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moran, P.W.","contributorId":9401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032112,"text":"70032112 - 2008 - Comparison of visual survey and seining methods for estimating abundance of an endangered, benthic stream fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032112","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of visual survey and seining methods for estimating abundance of an endangered, benthic stream fish","docAbstract":"We compared visual survey and seining methods for estimating abundance of endangered Okaloosa darters, Etheostoma okaloosae, in 12 replicate stream reaches during August 2001. For each 20-m stream reach, two divers systematically located and marked the position of darters and then a second crew of three to five people came through with a small-mesh seine and exhaustively sampled the same area. Visual surveys required little extra time to complete. Visual counts (24.2 ?? 12.0; mean ?? one SD) considerably exceeded seine captures (7.4 ?? 4.8), and counts from the two methods were uncorrelated. Visual surveys, but not seines, detected the presence of Okaloosa darters at one site with low population densities. In 2003, we performed a depletion removal study in 10 replicate stream reaches to assess the accuracy of the visual survey method. Visual surveys detected 59% of Okaloosa darters present, and visual counts and removal estimates were positively correlated. Taken together, our comparisons indicate that visual surveys more accurately and precisely estimate abundance of Okaloosa darters than seining and more reliably detect presence at low population densities. We recommend evaluation of visual survey methods when designing programs to monitor abundance of benthic fishes in clear streams, especially for threatened and endangered species that may be sensitive to handling and habitat disturbance. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-007-9202-0","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Jordan, F., Jelks, H., Bortone, S., and Dorazio, R., 2008, Comparison of visual survey and seining methods for estimating abundance of an endangered, benthic stream fish: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 81, no. 3, p. 313-319, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-007-9202-0.","startPage":"313","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214593,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-007-9202-0"},{"id":242332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8bce4b0c8380cd4d274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":80622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jelks, H.L. 0000-0002-0672-6297","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":12000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bortone, S.A.","contributorId":73028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortone","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032066,"text":"70032066 - 2008 - Integrating remotely acquired and field data to assess effects of setback levees on riparian and aquatic habitat in glacial-melt water rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T10:12:45","indexId":"70032066","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating remotely acquired and field data to assess effects of setback levees on riparian and aquatic habitat in glacial-melt water rivers","docAbstract":"Setback levees, in which levees are reconstructed at a greater distance from a river channel, are a promising restoration technique particularly for alluvial rivers with broad floodplains where river-floodplain connectivity is essential to ecological processes. Documenting the ecological outcomes of restoration activities is essential for assessing the comparative benefits of different restoration approaches and for justifying new restoration projects. Remote sensing of aquatic habitats offers one approach for comprehensive, objective documentation of river and floodplain habitats, but is difficult in glacial rivers because of high suspended-sediment concentrations, braiding and a lack of large, well-differentiated channel forms such as riffles and pools. Remote imagery and field surveys were used to assess the effects of recent and planned setback levees along the Puyallup River and, more generally, the application of multispectral imagery for classifying aquatic and riparian habitats in glacial-melt water rivers. Airborne images were acquired with a horizontal ground resolution of 0.5 m in three spectral bands (0.545-0.555, 0.665-0.675 and 0.790-0.810 ??m) spanning from green to near infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Field surveys identified river and floodplain habitat features and provided the basis for a comparative hydraulic analysis. Broad categories of aquatic habitat (smooth and rough water surface), exposed sediment (sand and boulder) and vegetated surfaces (herbaceous and deciduous shrub/forest) were classified accurately using the airborne images. Other categories [e.g. conifers, boulder, large woody debtis (LWD)] and subdivisions of broad categories (e.g. riffles and runs) were not successfully classified either because these features did not form large patches that could be identified on the imagery or their spectral reflectances were not distinct from those of other habitat types. Airborne imagery was critical for assessing fine-scale aquatic habitat heterogeneity including shallow, low-velocity regions that were not feasible or practical to map in the field in many cases due to their widespread distribution, small size and poorly defined boundaries with other habitat types. At the reach-scale, the setback levee affected the amount and distribution of riparian and aquatic habitats: (1) the area of all habitats was greater where levees had been set back and with relatively more vegetated floodplain habitat and relatively less exposed sediment and aquatic habitat, (2) where levees confine the river, less low-velocity aquatic habitat is present over a range of flows with a higher degree of bed instability during high flows. As river restoration proceeds in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere, remotely acquired imagery will be important for documenting its effects on the amount and distribution of aquatic and floodplain habitats, complimenting field data as a quantitative basis for evaluating project efficacy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1070","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., Black, R.W., Voss, F., and Neale, C.M., 2008, Integrating remotely acquired and field data to assess effects of setback levees on riparian and aquatic habitat in glacial-melt water rivers: River Research and Applications, v. 24, no. 4, p. 355-372, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1070.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"372","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214966,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1070"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c80e4b0c8380cd62db1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, R. W.","contributorId":81943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, F.","contributorId":22167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neale, C. M. U.","contributorId":26523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neale","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. U.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032065,"text":"70032065 - 2008 - Hawaiian cultural influences on support for lava flow hazard mitigation measures during the January 1960 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Kapoho, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:23:36","indexId":"70032065","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hawaiian cultural influences on support for lava flow hazard mitigation measures during the January 1960 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Kapoho, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"In 1960, Kīlauea volcano in Hawaii erupted, destroying most of the village of Kapoho and forcing evacuation of its approximately 300 residents. A large and unprecedented social science survey was undertaken during the eruption to develop an understanding of human behavior, beliefs, and coping strategies among the adult evacuees (n = 160). Identical studies were also performed in three control towns located at varying distances from the eruption site (n = 478). During these studies data were collected that characterized ethnic grouping and attitudes toward Hawaiian cultural issues such as belief in Pele and two lava flow mitigation measures—use of barriers and bombs to influence the flow of lava, but the data were never published. Using these forgotten data, we examined the relationship between Hawaiian cultural issues and attitudes toward the use of barriers and bombs as mitigation strategies to protect Kapoho.
\nOn average, 72% of respondents favored the construction of earthen barriers to hold back or divert lava and protect Kapoho, but far fewer agreed with the military's use of bombs (14%) to protect Kapoho. In contrast, about one-third of respondents conditionally agreed with the use of bombs. It is suggested that local participation in the bombing strategy may explain the increased conditional acceptance of bombs as a mitigation tool, although this can not be conclusively demonstrated. Belief in Pele and being of Hawaiian ethnicity did not reduce support for the use of barriers, but did reduce support for bombs in both bombing scenarios. The disparity in levels of acceptance of barriers versus bombing and of one bombing strategy versus another suggests that historically public attitudes toward lava flow hazard mitigation strategies were complex. A modern comparative study is needed before the next damaging eruption to inform debates and decisions about whether or not to interfere with the flow of lava. Recent changes in the current eruption of Kīlauea make this a timely topic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.025","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gregg, C., Houghton, B.F., Paton, D., Swanson, D.A., Lachman, R., and Bonk, W., 2008, Hawaiian cultural influences on support for lava flow hazard mitigation measures during the January 1960 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Kapoho, Hawai‘i: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 172, no. 3-4, p. 300-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.025.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"307","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214934,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.025"},{"id":242695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","city":"Kapoho","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.86450958251953,\n 20.754508665169574\n ],\n [\n -156.86450958251953,\n 20.789177398935124\n ],\n [\n -156.8181610107422,\n 20.789177398935124\n ],\n [\n -156.8181610107422,\n 20.754508665169574\n ],\n [\n -156.86450958251953,\n 20.754508665169574\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"172","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fb6e4b0c8380cd5cfff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, Chris E.","contributorId":40397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Chris E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paton, Douglas","contributorId":64861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paton","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lachman, R.","contributorId":86581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonk, W.J.","contributorId":93721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonk","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032018,"text":"70032018 - 2008 - Comparison and assessment of aerial and ground estimates of waterbird colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032018","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison and assessment of aerial and ground estimates of waterbird colonies","docAbstract":"Aerial surveys are often used to quantify sizes of waterbird colonies; however, these surveys would benefit from a better understanding of associated biases. We compared estimates of breeding pairs of waterbirds, in colonies across southern Louisiana, USA, made from the ground, fixed-wing aircraft, and a helicopter. We used a marked-subsample method for ground-counting colonies to obtain estimates of error and visibility bias. We made comparisons over 2 sampling periods: 1) surveys conducted on the same colonies using all 3 methods during 3-11 May 2005 and 2) an expanded fixed-wing and ground-survey comparison conducted over 4 periods (May and Jun, 2004-2005). Estimates from fixed-wing aircraft were approximately 65% higher than those from ground counts for overall estimated number of breeding pairs and for both dark and white-plumaged species. The coefficient of determination between estimates based on ground and fixed-wing aircraft was ???0.40 for most species, and based on the assumption that estimates from the ground were closer to the true count, fixed-wing aerial surveys appeared to overestimate numbers of nesting birds of some species; this bias often increased with the size of the colony. Unlike estimates from fixed-wing aircraft, numbers of nesting pairs made from ground and helicopter surveys were very similar for all species we observed. Ground counts by one observer resulted in underestimated number of breeding pairs by 20% on average. The marked-subsample method provided an estimate of the number of missed nests as well as an estimate of precision. These estimates represent a major advantage of marked-subsample ground counts over aerial methods; however, ground counts are difficult in large or remote colonies. Helicopter surveys and ground counts provide less biased, more precise estimates of breeding pairs than do surveys made from fixed-wing aircraft. We recommend managers employ ground counts using double observers for surveying waterbird colonies when feasible. Fixed-wing aerial surveys may be suitable to determine colony activity and composition of common waterbird species. The most appropriate combination of survey approaches will be based on the need for precise and unbiased estimates, balanced with financial and logistical constraints.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-391","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Green, M., Luent, M., Michot, T., Jeske, C., and Leberg, P., 2008, Comparison and assessment of aerial and ground estimates of waterbird colonies: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 72, no. 3, p. 697-706, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-391.","startPage":"697","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-391"},{"id":242463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f83ce4b0c8380cd4cf74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, M.C.","contributorId":37974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luent, M.C.","contributorId":107953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luent","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michot, T.C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":43426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeske, C.W.","contributorId":35557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeske","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leberg, P.L.","contributorId":42048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leberg","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031999,"text":"70031999 - 2008 - The 8 October 2006 Md 4.5 Cowlitz chimneys earthquake in Mount Rainier National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-20T08:11:51","indexId":"70031999","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 8 October 2006 Md 4.5 Cowlitz chimneys earthquake in Mount Rainier National Park","docAbstract":"An Md 4.5 earthquake located ∼12 km east of Mount Rainier occurred on 8 October 2006 at 02:48 UTC (figure 1). Although not large enough to be damaging or of major tectonic significance, a summary description of the earthquake is warranted because of its proximity to Mount Rainier, and because earthquakes of Md ≥ 4.5 are relatively rare in this region. Previous events of Md ≥ 4.5 have occurred approximately once a decade within a radius of ∼60 km from this mainshock, with the closest and most recent prior earthquake being an Md 4.9 event located 46 km to the southwest in 1989. Magnitudes in this paper refer to the coda duration magnitude determined by the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) (Crosson 1972). We refer to the 2006 event as the “Cowlitz Chimneys” earthquake because it occurred beneath the Cowlitz Chimneys, a prominent ridge in Mount Rainier National Park.
This paper describes the mainshock's focal mechanism and its aftershock distribution. The inferred source mechanism, its ordinary aftershock sequence, and the lack of significant triggered seismicity near the volcanic edifice lead us to conclude that this was a regular tectonic crustal earthquake rather than one related to volcanic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.79.2.186","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Hartog, J.R., Gomberg, J.S., Moran, S.C., Wright, A.K., and Meagher, K.L., 2008, The 8 October 2006 Md 4.5 Cowlitz chimneys earthquake in Mount Rainier National Park: Seismological Research Letters, v. 79, no. 2, p. 186-193, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.2.186.","startPage":"186","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214961,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.79.2.186"}],"volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba658e4b08c986b32108b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartog, J. Renate","contributorId":171724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartog","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Renate","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, Amy K.","contributorId":20632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meagher, Karen L.","contributorId":49436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meagher","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031953,"text":"70031953 - 2008 - Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031953","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco","docAbstract":"Groundwater and surface water in Souss-Massa basin in the west-southern part of Morocco is characterized by a large variation in salinity, up to levels of 37 g L-1. The high salinity coupled with groundwater level decline pose serious problems for current irrigation and domestic water supplies as well as future exploitation. A combined hydrogeologic and isotopic investigation using several chemical and isotopic tracers such as Br/Cl, ??18O, ??2H, 3H, 87Sr/86Sr, ??11B, and 14C was carried out in order to determine the sources of water recharge to the aquifer, the origin of salinity, and the residence time of water. Stable isotope, 3H and 14C data indicate that the high Atlas mountains in the northern margin of the Souss-Massa basin with high rainfall and low ??18O and ??2H values (-6 to -8??? and -36 to -50???) is currently constitute the major source of recharge to the Souss-Massa shallow aquifer, particularly along the eastern part of the basin. Localized stable isotope enrichments offset meteoric isotopic signature and are associated with high nitrate concentrations, which infer water recycling via water agricultural return flows. The 3H and 14C data suggest that the residence time of water in the western part of the basin is in the order of several thousands of years; hence old water is mined, particularly in the coastal areas. The multiple isotope analyses and chemical tracing of groundwater from the basin reveal that seawater intrusion is just one of multiple salinity sources that affect the quality of groundwater in the Souss-Massa aquifer. We differentiate between modern seawater intrusion, salinization by remnants of seawater entrapped in the middle Souss plains, recharge of nitrate-rich agricultural return flow, and dissolution of evaporate rocks (gypsum and halite minerals) along the outcrops of the high Atlas mountains. The data generated in this study provide the framework for a comprehensive management plan in which water exploitation should shift toward the eastern part of the basin where current recharge occurs with young and high quality groundwater. In contrast, we argued that the heavily exploited aquifer along the coastal areas is more vulnerable given the relatively longer residence time of the water and salinization processes in this part of the aquifer. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bouchaou, L., Michelot, J., Vengosh, A., Hsissou, Y., Qurtobi, M., Gaye, C., Bullen, T., and Zuppi, G., 2008, Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco: Journal of Hydrology, v. 352, no. 3-4, p. 267-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022.","startPage":"267","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022"},{"id":242525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"352","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca8e4b0c8380cd493fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouchaou, L.","contributorId":51556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchaou","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michelot, J.L.","contributorId":58483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michelot","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vengosh, A.","contributorId":88925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vengosh","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hsissou, Y.","contributorId":22596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsissou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qurtobi, M.","contributorId":78957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qurtobi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaye, C.B.","contributorId":56017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaye","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zuppi, G.M.","contributorId":66079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuppi","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70031949,"text":"70031949 - 2008 - Ecological community integration increases with added trophic complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:38:56","indexId":"70031949","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1452,"text":"Ecological Complexity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological community integration increases with added trophic complexity","docAbstract":"The existence of functional biological organization at the level of multi-species communities has long been contested in ecology and evolutionary biology. I found that adding a trophic level to simulated ecological communities enhanced their ability to compete at the community level, increasing the likelihood of one community forcing all or most species in a second community to extinction. Community-level identity emerged within systems of interacting ecological networks, while competitive ability at the community level was enhanced by intense within-community selection pressure. These results suggest a reassessment of the nature of biological organization above the level of species, indicating that the drive toward biological integration, so prominent throughout the history of life, might extend to multi-species communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.10.004","issn":"1476945X","usgsCitation":"Wright, C.K., 2008, Ecological community integration increases with added trophic complexity: Ecological Complexity, v. 5, no. 2, p. 140-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.10.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.10.004"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a054ae4b0c8380cd50d32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Christopher K.","contributorId":45566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031906,"text":"70031906 - 2008 - Terrace aggradation during the 1978 flood on Powder River, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031906","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrace aggradation during the 1978 flood on Powder River, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"Flood processes no longer actively increase the planform area of terraces. Instead, lateral erosion decreases the area. However, infrequent extreme floods continue episodic aggradation of terraces surfaces. We quantify this type of evolution of terraces by an extreme flood in May 1978 on Powder River in southeastern Montana. Within an 89-km study reach of the river, we (1) determine a sediment budget for each geomorphic feature, (2) interpret the stratigraphy of the newly deposited sediment, and (3) discuss the essential role of vegetation in the depositional processes. Peak flood discharge was about 930??m3 s- 1, which lasted about eight??days. During this time, the flood transported 8.2??million tons of sediment into and 4.5??million tons out of the study reach. The masses of sediment transferred between features or eroded from one feature and redeposited on the same feature exceeded the mass transported out of the reach. The flood inundated the floodplain and some of the remnants of two terraces along the river. Lateral erosion decreased the planform area of the lower of the two terraces (~ 2.7??m above the riverbed) by 3.2% and that of the higher terrace (~ 3.5??m above the riverbed) by 4.1%. However, overbank aggradation, on average, raised the lower terrace by 0.16??m and the higher terrace by 0.063??m. Vegetation controlled the type, thickness, and stratigraphy of the aggradation on terrace surfaces. Two characteristic overbank deposits were common: coarsening-upward sequences and lee dunes. Grass caused the deposition of the coarsening-upward sequences, which had 0.02 to 0.07??m of mud at the base, and in some cases, the deposits coarsened upwards to coarse sand on the top. Lee dunes, composed of fine and very fine sand, were deposited in the wake zone downstream from the trees. The characteristic morphology of the dunes can be used to estimate some flood variables such as suspended-sediment particle size, minimum depth, and critical shear velocity. Information about depositional processes during extreme floods is rare, and therefore, the results from this study aid in interpreting the record of terrace stratigraphy along other rivers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.002","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Meade, R., 2008, Terrace aggradation during the 1978 flood on Powder River, Montana, USA: Geomorphology, v. 99, no. 1-4, p. 387-403, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.002.","startPage":"387","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.002"},{"id":242787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba54ee4b08c986b320969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, R.H.","contributorId":27449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031905,"text":"70031905 - 2008 - Biomarkers of mercury exposure at a mercury recycling facility in Ukraine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:00:42","indexId":"70031905","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2404,"text":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarkers of mercury exposure at a mercury recycling facility in Ukraine","docAbstract":"This study evaluates biomarkers of occupational mercury exposure among workers at a mercury recycling operation in Gorlovka, Ukraine. The 29 study participants were divided into three occupational categories for analysis: (1) those who worked in the mercury recycling operation (Group A, n = 8), (2) those who worked at the facility but not in the yard where the recycling was done (Group B, n = 14), and (3) those who did not work at the facility (Group C, n = 7). Urine, blood, hair, and nail samples were collected from the participants, and a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on age, gender, occupational history, smoking, alcohol consumption, fish consumption, tattoos, dental amalgams, home heating system, education, source of drinking water, and family employment in the former mercury mine/smelter located on the site of the recycling facility. Each factor was tested in a univariate regression with total mercury in urine, blood, hair, and nails. Median biomarker concentrations were 4.04 μg/g-Cr (urine), 2.58 μg/L (blood), 3.95 μg/g (hair), and 1.16 μg/g (nails). Occupational category was significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with both blood and urinary mercury concentrations but not with hair or nail mercury. Four individuals had urinary mercury concentrations in a range previously found to be associated with subtle neurological and subjective symptoms (e.g., fatigue, loss of appetite, irritability), and one worker had a urinary mercury concentration in a range associated with a high probability of neurological effects and proteinuria. Comparison of results by occupational category found that workers directly involved with the recycling operation had the highest blood and urinary mercury levels. Those who worked at the facility but were not directly involved with the recycling operation had higher levels than those who did not work at the facility.
On 13 August 2004, an atmospheric sample was collected at an altitude of 20,000 m along a west to east transect over the continental United States by NASA’s Stratospheric and Cosmic Dust Program. This sample was then shipped to the US Geological Survey’s Global Desert Dust program for microbiological analyses. This sample, which was plated on a low nutrient agar to determine if cultivable microorganisms were present, produced 590 small yellow to off-white colonies after approximately 7 weeks of incubation at room-temperature. Of 50 colonies selected for identification using 16S rRNA sequencing, 41 belonged to the family Micrococcaceae, seven to the family Microbacteriaceae, one to the genus Staphylococcus, and one to the genus Brevibacterium. All of the isolates identified were non-spore-forming pigmented bacteria, and their presence in this sample illustrate that it is not unusual to recover viable microbes at extreme altitudes. Additionally, the extended period required to initiate growth demonstrates the need for lengthy incubation periods when analyzing high-altitude samples for cultivable microorganisms.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aerobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10453-007-9078-7","issn":"03935965","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., 2008, Non-spore forming eubacteria isolated at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere: extended incubation periods needed for culture-based assays: Aerobiologia, v. 24, no. 1, p. 19-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-007-9078-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10453-007-9078-7"},{"id":242520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6766e4b0c8380cd732ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031811,"text":"70031811 - 2008 - Congruent population structure inferred from dispersal behaviour and intensive genetic surveys of the threatened Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma cœrulescens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-01T11:51:53","indexId":"70031811","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Congruent population structure inferred from dispersal behaviour and intensive genetic surveys of the threatened Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma cœrulescens)","docAbstract":"The delimitation of populations, defined as groups of individuals linked by gene flow, is possible by the analysis of genetic markers and also by spatial models based on dispersal probabilities across a landscape. We combined these two complimentary methods to define the spatial pattern of genetic structure among remaining populations of the threatened Florida scrub-jay, a species for which dispersal ability is unusually well-characterized. The range-wide population was intensively censused in the 1990s, and a metapopulation model defined population boundaries based on predicted dispersal-mediated demographic connectivity. We subjected genotypes from more than 1000 individual jays screened at 20 microsatellite loci to two Bayesian clustering methods. We describe a consensus method for identifying common features across many replicated clustering runs. Ten genetically differentiated groups exist across the present-day range of the Florida scrub-jay. These groups are largely consistent with the dispersal-defined metapopulations, which assume very limited dispersal ability. Some genetic groups comprise more than one metapopulation, likely because these genetically similar metapopulations were sundered only recently by habitat alteration. The combined reconstructions of population structure based on genetics and dispersal-mediated demographic connectivity provide a robust depiction of the current genetic and demographic organization of this species, reflecting past and present levels of dispersal among occupied habitat patches. The differentiation of populations into 10 genetic groups adds urgency to management efforts aimed at preserving what remains of genetic variation in this dwindling species, by maintaining viable populations of all genetically differentiated and geographically isolated populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03705.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Coulon, A., Fitzpatrick, J., Bowman, R., Stith, B., Makarewich, C., Stenzler, L., and Lovette, I., 2008, Congruent population structure inferred from dispersal behaviour and intensive genetic surveys of the threatened Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma cœrulescens): Molecular Ecology, v. 17, no. 7, p. 1685-1701, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03705.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1685","endPage":"1701","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03705.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"17","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9c6e4b0c8380cd4d78d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coulon, A.","contributorId":20973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coulon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.W.","contributorId":33012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowman, R.","contributorId":12012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stith, B.M.","contributorId":53741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Makarewich, C.A.","contributorId":66065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makarewich","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stenzler, L.M.","contributorId":93699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenzler","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lovette, I.J.","contributorId":19252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovette","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031795,"text":"70031795 - 2008 - Comparison of rainbow smelt age estimates from fin rays and otoliths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70031795","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of rainbow smelt age estimates from fin rays and otoliths","docAbstract":"Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, although nonnative, are an important component of the offshore food web in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In Lake Ontario, we estimate ages of rainbow smelt annually to study population dynamics such as year-class strength and age-specific growth and mortality. Since the early 1980s, we have used pectoral fin rays to estimate rainbow smelt ages, but the sectioning and mounting of fin rays are time and labor intensive. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of using otoliths rather than fin rays to estimate rainbow smelt ages. Three readers interpreted the ages of 172 rainbow smelt (60-198 mm total length) based on thin sections of pectoral fin rays, whole otoliths with no preparation, and whole otoliths that had been cleared for 1 month in a 70:30 ethanol : glycerin solution. Bias was lower and precision was greater for fin rays than for otoliths; these results were consistent for comparisons within readers (first and second readings by one individual; three readers were used) and between readers (one reading for each reader within a pair). Both otolith methods appeared to misclassify age-1 rainbow smelt. Fin ray ages had the highest precision and provided the best approximation of age estimates inferred from the Lake Ontario population's length frequency distribution and from our understanding of this population. ?? American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M06-292.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Walsh, M.G., Maloy, A., and O’Brien, T.P., 2008, Comparison of rainbow smelt age estimates from fin rays and otoliths: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 1, p. 42-49, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-292.1.","startPage":"42","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-292.1"},{"id":240053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f886e4b0c8380cd4d170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, M. G.","contributorId":72172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maloy, A.P.","contributorId":56850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloy","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, T. P.","contributorId":22146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}