Skin lesions developed on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, exposed to 0-5 mg/1 Furanace for 4 or 14 days. Lesions developed 3 days after the 4-day exposure and on the eleventh day of the 14-day exposure. The lesions continued to develop after the fish were moved to untreated water. The lesions which began as dull areas of skin, sometimes resulted in erosion of skin and muscle which exposed the vertebrae. Bacteria were not isolated from the lesions except those with severely eroded muscle. The gills possessed lesions characteristic of a response to a toxic chemical agent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.1978.tb00010.x","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, A., Grizzle, J., and Plumb, J., 1978, Nifurpirinol (Furanace: P-7138) related lesions on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque): Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 1, no. 1, p. 115-121, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1978.tb00010.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, A.J.","contributorId":16345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grizzle, J.M.","contributorId":57016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grizzle","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plumb, J.A.","contributorId":38106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2679,"text":"wsp2047 - 1978 - Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11130,"text":"ofr7761 - 1977 - Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite","indexId":"ofr7761","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2679,"text":"wsp2047 - 1978 - Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite","indexId":"wsp2047","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T21:59:23.676287","indexId":"wsp2047","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2047","title":"Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite","docAbstract":"Door County is in northeastern Wisconsin and is an area of 491 square miles. The county forms the main body of the peninsula between Green Bay and Lake Michigan. The land surface is an upland ridge controlled by the underlying bedrock. The west edge of the ridge forms an escarpment facing Green Bay. Silurian dolomite is the upper bedrock unit throughout most of the county and is the most important aquifer. This bedrock is exposed in much of the county, particularly north of Sturgeon Bay; elsewhere, it is covered by a generally thin mantle of soil or drift. The bedrock units are divided into two major aquifer systems in Door County; the Silurian dolomite aquifer system and the sandstone aquifer system, consisting of Ordovician and Cambrian bedrock units. These two major systems are separated by the Maquoketa Shale of Ordovician age, a nearly impermeable, generally nonproductive unit. The Silurian dolomite aquifer system is itself divided into the Niagaran aquifer and the underlying Alexandrian aquifer. Water occurs in the Silurian dolomite aquifer system in two types of openings-nearly vertical joints (fractures) and horizontal to slightly dipping bedding-plane joints. Vertical joints are more common in the upper part of the Niagaran aquifer. These yield small amounts of water to wells. Bedding-plane joints transmit most of the water in the lower part of the Niagaran aquifer and in the Alexandrian aquifer. The bedding-plane joints, because they are poorly interconnected, act as semiartesian conduits separated by impermeable rock. Eight water-bearing zones in generally continuous bedding-plane joints have been mapped. The dolomite is recharged from direct precipitation and snowmelt. It discharges water to pumping wells and by natural springs discharge to Lake Michigan and Green Bay and to interior lakes and streams. Wells in the Silurian dolomite aquifer system have adequate yields to meet most needs, except in the southwest corner of the county, where the dolomite is thin or absent. Transmissivity values range from a low of 4.0 feet squared per day in the Niagaran aquifer near Sturgeon Bay to more than 13 000 feet squared per day for the Alexandrian aquifer near Fish Creek. Water from Silurian dolomite is a very hard calcium magnesium bicarbonate type, with objectionable concentrations of iron and nitrate in water from some wells. Sanitary quality, as indicated by tests for total coliform bacteria, has been a chronic problem in certain areas. Concentrations of indicator organisms are greatest during or immediately after rapid ground-water recharge, with concentrations rapidly decreasing after periods of recharge. Wells close to septic systems and in areas underlain by fractured near-surface bedrock have the greatest incidence of contamination. The type and thickness of unconsolidated material has a direct effect on the entry of bacteria into the ground-water system. Bacterial attenuation increases with increasing soil depth and reduction in soil permeability. After bacterial contaminants reach the water table within fractured bedrock, little attenuation occurs, and the contaminants can travel long distances in a short time. Ground water of good sanitary quality but exceeding recommended limits of the U.S. Public Health Service for sulfate and chloride is probably available from the sandstone aquifer by drilling wells 700 to 1300 feet deep. To minimize the possibility of obtaining contaminated ground water, well construction should include properly locating the wells upgradient and as far as practical from contamination sources, setting and pressure grouting well casings to an adequate depth into firm bedrock, and casing the well into the zone of saturation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Sherrill, M.G., 1978, Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2047, Report: v, 38 p.; 5 Plates: 27.00 x 31.37 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2047.","productDescription":"Report: v, 38 p.; 5 Plates: 27.00 x 31.37 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29031,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2047/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29032,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2047/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29033,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2047/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29034,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2047/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29035,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2047/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415553,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25499.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Door County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-87.0149,45.2938],[-87.0104,45.2933],[-87.0072,45.2942],[-87.0045,45.2964],[-87.0019,45.2968],[-86.9993,45.2963],[-86.9948,45.2948],[-86.9877,45.2934],[-86.9839,45.2915],[-86.9753,45.2785],[-86.9755,45.2744],[-86.9876,45.2632],[-86.989,45.26],[-86.9892,45.2545],[-86.9881,45.25],[-86.9856,45.2476],[-86.9798,45.2452],[-86.9786,45.2429],[-86.9794,45.2402],[-86.9807,45.2388],[-86.9899,45.2363],[-86.9912,45.2349],[-86.9913,45.2322],[-86.9895,45.2303],[-86.9876,45.2276],[-86.9851,45.2266],[-86.9845,45.2252],[-86.9885,45.2202],[-86.988,45.217],[-86.9894,45.2148],[-86.9913,45.2148],[-86.9939,45.2158],[-86.9978,45.2163],[-87.0004,45.2159],[-87.0012,45.2118],[-87.0083,45.2119],[-87.0107,45.2152],[-87.013,45.2234],[-87.0142,45.2258],[-87.0206,45.2277],[-87.0257,45.2296],[-87.0289,45.2329],[-87.0327,45.2339],[-87.034,45.2334],[-87.04,45.2299],[-87.0412,45.2308],[-87.0449,45.2387],[-87.0474,45.2405],[-87.0491,45.2465],[-87.0516,45.2479],[-87.0543,45.2461],[-87.0557,45.2439],[-87.0551,45.242],[-87.0507,45.2388],[-87.0476,45.2351],[-87.0458,45.2304],[-87.0465,45.2291],[-87.0428,45.2249],[-87.0379,45.2152],[-87.038,45.2129],[-87.04,45.2125],[-87.0439,45.2121],[-87.0452,45.2108],[-87.0454,45.2062],[-87.0448,45.2048],[-87.0449,45.2021],[-87.0444,45.198],[-87.0426,45.1929],[-87.0454,45.188],[-87.0484,45.177],[-87.0505,45.1716],[-87.0494,45.1661],[-87.0477,45.1606],[-87.0466,45.1551],[-87.0402,45.1527],[-87.0403,45.1499],[-87.034,45.1475],[-87.0361,45.1426],[-87.0414,45.1385],[-87.046,45.1372],[-87.0525,45.1355],[-87.055,45.1379],[-87.0575,45.1411],[-87.0718,45.1569],[-87.0756,45.1584],[-87.0795,45.1575],[-87.0834,45.1562],[-87.0855,45.1535],[-87.0844,45.148],[-87.0871,45.1453],[-87.0865,45.143],[-87.0846,45.1402],[-87.0816,45.1365],[-87.0797,45.1328],[-87.0799,45.1283],[-87.078,45.1273],[-87.0678,45.1239],[-87.0633,45.1239],[-87.0608,45.122],[-87.0614,45.1211],[-87.0564,45.1178],[-87.0551,45.1164],[-87.0546,45.1137],[-87.0528,45.1095],[-87.0529,45.1077],[-87.0569,45.1023],[-87.0572,45.0963],[-87.0533,45.0954],[-87.0534,45.0922],[-87.0536,45.0881],[-87.0567,45.0922],[-87.0612,45.0919],[-87.062,45.0868],[-87.0647,45.0851],[-87.0668,45.0801],[-87.0701,45.0792],[-87.0713,45.0802],[-87.0725,45.0838],[-87.075,45.0862],[-87.08,45.0885],[-87.0838,45.0923],[-87.0863,45.0946],[-87.0901,45.0951],[-87.096,45.0948],[-87.0993,45.0921],[-87.1013,45.0903],[-87.102,45.088],[-87.1021,45.0862],[-87.0996,45.0825],[-87.0965,45.0802],[-87.0907,45.0796],[-87.0894,45.0787],[-87.0884,45.0727],[-87.0871,45.0722],[-87.0832,45.0726],[-87.0826,45.0717],[-87.0847,45.0672],[-87.0837,45.0598],[-87.0837,45.0589],[-87.0882,45.0585],[-87.0942,45.0545],[-87.0955,45.0546],[-87.0961,45.055],[-87.0966,45.0592],[-87.0978,45.061],[-87.0997,45.0624],[-87.1003,45.0642],[-87.1008,45.0679],[-87.1014,45.0684],[-87.104,45.0689],[-87.1091,45.0703],[-87.1143,45.0709],[-87.1194,45.0714],[-87.1227,45.0697],[-87.1247,45.0679],[-87.1263,45.061],[-87.1271,45.0542],[-87.128,45.0492],[-87.1275,45.0437],[-87.1289,45.041],[-87.1329,45.0365],[-87.135,45.0329],[-87.1365,45.027],[-87.1386,45.0229],[-87.1415,45.0143],[-87.1467,45.0121],[-87.1584,45.0086],[-87.1644,45.0051],[-87.1724,44.9952],[-87.1779,44.9857],[-87.1846,44.9785],[-87.1881,44.9717],[-87.1908,44.9695],[-87.1925,44.9562],[-87.1921,44.948],[-87.1891,44.9439],[-87.1815,44.9392],[-87.1777,44.9377],[-87.1771,44.9364],[-87.1759,44.9322],[-87.176,44.9295],[-87.1768,44.9263],[-87.182,44.9241],[-87.1944,44.9202],[-87.2042,44.9154],[-87.2141,44.9082],[-87.2188,44.9037],[-87.2202,44.8997],[-87.2178,44.8941],[-87.2154,44.8904],[-87.2085,44.8853],[-87.2093,44.8785],[-87.2082,44.8753],[-87.2083,44.8725],[-87.2096,44.8712],[-87.2154,44.869],[-87.2239,44.8673],[-87.2265,44.8664],[-87.2325,44.8615],[-87.2357,44.8597],[-87.2442,44.8576],[-87.2468,44.8563],[-87.2533,44.8527],[-87.2644,44.8484],[-87.2677,44.847],[-87.273,44.8439],[-87.2763,44.8394],[-87.2798,44.8317],[-87.2826,44.8258],[-87.2848,44.8177],[-87.2869,44.8118],[-87.2888,44.8109],[-87.2934,44.81],[-87.2973,44.8083],[-87.3013,44.8051],[-87.3078,44.803],[-87.3104,44.8007],[-87.3105,44.7971],[-87.3151,44.794],[-87.3171,44.794],[-87.3227,44.7977],[-87.3303,44.8024],[-87.3398,44.8081],[-87.3442,44.8118],[-87.3491,44.8169],[-87.3497,44.8205],[-87.3515,44.8228],[-87.3555,44.8206],[-87.3587,44.8202],[-87.3689,44.8245],[-87.3797,44.8279],[-87.3841,44.8298],[-87.3866,44.8321],[-87.3903,44.839],[-87.3915,44.8417],[-87.3913,44.8468],[-87.3899,44.8508],[-87.3892,44.8522],[-87.3891,44.8568],[-87.3914,44.8664],[-87.3917,44.8755],[-87.3908,44.8846],[-87.3901,44.8865],[-87.3982,44.8944],[-87.4014,44.8967],[-87.4084,44.8995],[-87.4121,44.9032],[-87.412,44.9069],[-87.4112,44.9105],[-87.4046,44.9173],[-87.4026,44.9191],[-87.4026,44.92],[-87.4024,44.9254],[-87.4024,44.9268],[-87.3997,44.9304],[-87.3983,44.9336],[-87.3969,44.9359],[-87.3956,44.9372],[-87.3917,44.939],[-87.389,44.9417],[-87.3863,44.9457],[-87.3829,44.9521],[-87.3801,44.9571],[-87.3754,44.9643],[-87.374,44.9679],[-87.3699,44.9752],[-87.3691,44.9788],[-87.367,44.9838],[-87.3649,44.9888],[-87.3643,44.9901],[-87.353,44.9991],[-87.3503,45.0027],[-87.3481,45.01],[-87.3474,45.0122],[-87.3461,45.0136],[-87.3422,45.014],[-87.339,45.0144],[-87.3349,45.0198],[-87.3315,45.0261],[-87.3275,45.0297],[-87.3248,45.0338],[-87.326,45.0375],[-87.3207,45.0397],[-87.3161,45.0419],[-87.3121,45.045],[-87.3114,45.0491],[-87.3093,45.0518],[-87.3074,45.0532],[-87.3061,45.0531],[-87.3035,45.0531],[-87.3016,45.0522],[-87.3004,45.0499],[-87.2972,45.0466],[-87.2895,45.0465],[-87.2881,45.0483],[-87.2874,45.0524],[-87.2885,45.057],[-87.2889,45.0634],[-87.2869,45.067],[-87.2854,45.0724],[-87.2827,45.0774],[-87.2801,45.0778],[-87.2749,45.0777],[-87.2723,45.0786],[-87.2689,45.0822],[-87.2661,45.0886],[-87.2646,45.0968],[-87.2663,45.1027],[-87.2654,45.1114],[-87.2639,45.1178],[-87.2611,45.1246],[-87.2643,45.1255],[-87.2649,45.1269],[-87.255,45.1309],[-87.2524,45.1308],[-87.2493,45.1285],[-87.2448,45.1288],[-87.2434,45.1297],[-87.2472,45.1339],[-87.247,45.1399],[-87.2475,45.1444],[-87.2473,45.1495],[-87.2451,45.1563],[-87.2437,45.1608],[-87.2391,45.1626],[-87.2397,45.1649],[-87.2429,45.1663],[-87.2428,45.1681],[-87.2414,45.1699],[-87.2375,45.1726],[-87.2316,45.1743],[-87.2257,45.1751],[-87.2251,45.1742],[-87.2259,45.1692],[-87.2273,45.1669],[-87.226,45.166],[-87.217,45.1658],[-87.2067,45.1643],[-87.2022,45.1633],[-87.199,45.1614],[-87.1946,45.1572],[-87.1903,45.1517],[-87.1865,45.1502],[-87.182,45.1497],[-87.1787,45.1515],[-87.1785,45.157],[-87.1782,45.1647],[-87.1794,45.1693],[-87.1798,45.1739],[-87.1778,45.1775],[-87.1751,45.1807],[-87.1704,45.1838],[-87.1671,45.186],[-87.1645,45.1864],[-87.1613,45.1864],[-87.1581,45.1849],[-87.1555,45.1853],[-87.1541,45.1881],[-87.1527,45.1908],[-87.1501,45.1916],[-87.145,45.1911],[-87.141,45.1919],[-87.1378,45.1928],[-87.1288,45.1904],[-87.1275,45.1903],[-87.1268,45.1912],[-87.1265,45.1995],[-87.1276,45.2054],[-87.1275,45.21],[-87.128,45.2136],[-87.1303,45.2205],[-87.1262,45.2269],[-87.1254,45.231],[-87.1239,45.2373],[-87.1218,45.241],[-87.1178,45.2441],[-87.1161,45.255],[-87.1148,45.2568],[-87.1109,45.2581],[-87.1063,45.2585],[-87.1037,45.258],[-87.0992,45.257],[-87.098,45.2551],[-87.0967,45.2547],[-87.0923,45.2528],[-87.0878,45.2522],[-87.0839,45.2517],[-87.0813,45.2526],[-87.0806,45.2535],[-87.0805,45.2553],[-87.0823,45.2585],[-87.0829,45.2622],[-87.0799,45.2717],[-87.0776,45.2808],[-87.0769,45.284],[-87.076,45.2913],[-87.0739,45.2945],[-87.0693,45.2967],[-87.0654,45.2971],[-87.0629,45.2956],[-87.061,45.2942],[-87.0605,45.2901],[-87.0567,45.2859],[-87.0535,45.2845],[-87.0503,45.284],[-87.0438,45.2857],[-87.0405,45.2865],[-87.0386,45.2865],[-87.0334,45.285],[-87.0321,45.285],[-87.0308,45.2868],[-87.0299,45.2932],[-87.0265,45.2963],[-87.0239,45.2981],[-87.02,45.2981],[-87.0149,45.2938]]],[[[-87.428,44.888],[-87.4249,44.8847],[-87.4249,44.8838],[-87.4301,44.8843],[-87.4384,44.8849],[-87.4417,44.8854],[-87.4436,44.8841],[-87.4443,44.8818],[-87.447,44.8787],[-87.4471,44.8769],[-87.4464,44.8759],[-87.4445,44.8773],[-87.4419,44.8786],[-87.4393,44.879],[-87.438,44.879],[-87.4354,44.8776],[-87.4258,44.8765],[-87.4227,44.8746],[-87.4134,44.8622],[-87.4097,44.8566],[-87.4048,44.8479],[-87.3993,44.8391],[-87.3932,44.8294],[-87.3893,44.8289],[-87.3868,44.828],[-87.3792,44.8219],[-87.3671,44.819],[-87.3626,44.8176],[-87.3576,44.8134],[-87.3373,44.8035],[-87.3254,44.7955],[-87.3197,44.7918],[-87.3191,44.7899],[-87.3224,44.7868],[-87.3238,44.7841],[-87.3239,44.7809],[-87.3228,44.7745],[-87.323,44.769],[-87.329,44.7613],[-87.3351,44.7532],[-87.3385,44.7464],[-87.3399,44.7433],[-87.3407,44.7383],[-87.3428,44.7328],[-87.3437,44.7269],[-87.3459,44.7178],[-87.3506,44.711],[-87.3547,44.7015],[-87.3627,44.6934],[-87.3661,44.688],[-87.3761,44.6754],[-87.3973,44.6753],[-87.4384,44.6754],[-87.5193,44.6753],[-87.6413,44.6757],[-87.7389,44.6775],[-87.733,44.6824],[-87.7251,44.691],[-87.7216,44.6987],[-87.7245,44.7115],[-87.7255,44.722],[-87.7235,44.7265],[-87.711,44.7355],[-87.6971,44.7522],[-87.6891,44.7612],[-87.6812,44.7689],[-87.6727,44.776],[-87.6673,44.7824],[-87.6653,44.7878],[-87.6587,44.7937],[-87.6522,44.7958],[-87.6495,44.7981],[-87.6475,44.8013],[-87.6421,44.8112],[-87.6355,44.818],[-87.6289,44.8224],[-87.6242,44.8288],[-87.6196,44.8333],[-87.6143,44.8373],[-87.6117,44.8382],[-87.5929,44.8457],[-87.585,44.8506],[-87.5817,44.8519],[-87.5624,44.8512],[-87.5573,44.8497],[-87.5542,44.8479],[-87.5542,44.846],[-87.5549,44.8451],[-87.5633,44.8439],[-87.5633,44.843],[-87.5654,44.8366],[-87.5688,44.8303],[-87.5696,44.8266],[-87.5683,44.8261],[-87.5657,44.8266],[-87.5617,44.8315],[-87.5611,44.8311],[-87.5632,44.8238],[-87.562,44.8219],[-87.5607,44.8224],[-87.5535,44.8278],[-87.5489,44.83],[-87.5476,44.8318],[-87.5448,44.8395],[-87.544,44.8427],[-87.5394,44.8463],[-87.5385,44.8545],[-87.5372,44.8554],[-87.5359,44.8554],[-87.5347,44.854],[-87.5341,44.8517],[-87.5322,44.8503],[-87.5239,44.8488],[-87.522,44.8483],[-87.5187,44.8492],[-87.5141,44.8523],[-87.5115,44.855],[-87.5114,44.8568],[-87.5171,44.8619],[-87.5189,44.8665],[-87.5182,44.8679],[-87.5162,44.8688],[-87.5137,44.8683],[-87.5092,44.865],[-87.5054,44.8636],[-87.5035,44.8626],[-87.5029,44.8617],[-87.5049,44.859],[-87.505,44.8576],[-87.5037,44.8567],[-87.498,44.8543],[-87.4941,44.8534],[-87.4915,44.8538],[-87.487,44.856],[-87.4855,44.8615],[-87.4835,44.8633],[-87.4816,44.8637],[-87.4797,44.8636],[-87.477,44.8659],[-87.475,44.87],[-87.4691,44.8726],[-87.4606,44.878],[-87.4534,44.8815],[-87.4501,44.8833],[-87.4487,44.8869],[-87.4447,44.89],[-87.4415,44.8914],[-87.4312,44.8908],[-87.4286,44.8898],[-87.428,44.888]]],[[[-86.9293,45.3983],[-86.9286,45.3983],[-86.9266,45.4005],[-86.9258,45.4032],[-86.9238,45.4055],[-86.9199,45.4068],[-86.9173,45.4072],[-86.914,45.4071],[-86.9069,45.4075],[-86.9017,45.4069],[-86.8971,45.4073],[-86.8919,45.4081],[-86.8866,45.4107],[-86.8839,45.412],[-86.8807,45.4115],[-86.8768,45.4114],[-86.8723,45.4104],[-86.8678,45.4099],[-86.8652,45.4094],[-86.8639,45.4089],[-86.8583,45.4042],[-86.8577,45.4028],[-86.8597,45.4015],[-86.8611,45.3988],[-86.8573,45.3955],[-86.8554,45.3959],[-86.8546,45.3982],[-86.852,45.3991],[-86.8456,45.3958],[-86.8437,45.3943],[-86.8438,45.3916],[-86.8489,45.3798],[-86.8509,45.3767],[-86.8525,45.3703],[-86.8532,45.3689],[-86.8597,45.3691],[-86.8617,45.3668],[-86.8656,45.366],[-86.8676,45.3646],[-86.8684,45.3615],[-86.8684,45.3605],[-86.8698,45.3597],[-86.8706,45.3542],[-86.8733,45.3515],[-86.8754,45.3493],[-86.8717,45.3428],[-86.8699,45.34],[-86.87,45.3377],[-86.8714,45.3359],[-86.8727,45.3337],[-86.8774,45.331],[-86.8793,45.3306],[-86.8806,45.3306],[-86.8825,45.3325],[-86.887,45.3335],[-86.896,45.3359],[-86.8986,45.3369],[-86.9037,45.3375],[-86.9078,45.3339],[-86.9109,45.3353],[-86.9128,45.3372],[-86.9153,45.3395],[-86.9171,45.3427],[-86.919,45.3442],[-86.9208,45.3492],[-86.9239,45.3516],[-86.9258,45.353],[-86.9363,45.3509],[-86.9364,45.3481],[-86.9386,45.3418],[-86.9411,45.3437],[-86.9431,45.3432],[-86.9439,45.3387],[-86.9479,45.3347],[-86.9505,45.3347],[-86.9537,45.3357],[-86.9557,45.3362],[-86.9588,45.3381],[-86.9613,45.3404],[-86.9632,45.3413],[-86.963,45.3473],[-86.9607,45.3568],[-86.9594,45.3577],[-86.9581,45.3577],[-86.9569,45.3558],[-86.9556,45.3535],[-86.9531,45.3526],[-86.9486,45.352],[-86.9485,45.3539],[-86.9516,45.3585],[-86.9515,45.3603],[-86.952,45.3635],[-86.9526,45.3663],[-86.9544,45.3681],[-86.9564,45.3691],[-86.9569,45.3723],[-86.9605,45.3797],[-86.961,45.3838],[-86.9589,45.3874],[-86.9574,45.392],[-86.953,45.4065],[-86.9501,45.4128],[-86.9474,45.416],[-86.9461,45.4164],[-86.9435,45.4182],[-86.9415,45.4195],[-86.9401,45.4195],[-86.9395,45.4195],[-86.9356,45.4194],[-86.9325,45.4162],[-86.932,45.4121],[-86.9314,45.4098],[-86.9315,45.407],[-86.9324,45.402],[-86.9325,45.4002],[-86.9325,45.3993],[-86.9319,45.3983],[-86.9293,45.3983]]],[[[-87.3414,45.1999],[-87.3402,45.1971],[-87.3391,45.1921],[-87.3378,45.1902],[-87.3379,45.1866],[-87.3388,45.1815],[-87.341,45.172],[-87.3417,45.1693],[-87.3405,45.1674],[-87.3386,45.166],[-87.338,45.1646],[-87.333,45.1582],[-87.3337,45.1573],[-87.335,45.1577],[-87.356,45.1681],[-87.372,45.1748],[-87.3797,45.1767],[-87.3802,45.1804],[-87.3814,45.1841],[-87.3799,45.1891],[-87.3798,45.1923],[-87.3803,45.1964],[-87.3796,45.1977],[-87.3751,45.199],[-87.3691,45.2035],[-87.3665,45.203],[-87.3653,45.2021],[-87.3654,45.1993],[-87.3628,45.1975],[-87.3589,45.1979],[-87.3537,45.2001],[-87.3497,45.2032],[-87.3483,45.2068],[-87.3463,45.2095],[-87.343,45.2113],[-87.341,45.2113],[-87.3391,45.2108],[-87.3385,45.209],[-87.3386,45.2058],[-87.3414,45.1999]]],[[[-86.9233,45.3342],[-86.9216,45.3287],[-86.9153,45.3226],[-86.9136,45.3157],[-86.9124,45.3152],[-86.9099,45.3129],[-86.9048,45.3092],[-86.9036,45.3068],[-86.9025,45.3013],[-86.902,45.2977],[-86.9041,45.2945],[-86.9054,45.2941],[-86.9073,45.2941],[-86.9085,45.2978],[-86.9077,45.3014],[-86.9101,45.307],[-86.9113,45.3097],[-86.9132,45.3102],[-86.9145,45.3112],[-86.9176,45.3135],[-86.9214,45.3149],[-86.9246,45.3177],[-86.9284,45.3201],[-86.9308,45.3256],[-86.9319,45.3289],[-86.9332,45.3293],[-86.9364,45.3321],[-86.935,45.3335],[-86.9299,45.3316],[-86.9273,45.3315],[-86.9246,45.3347],[-86.9233,45.3342]]],[[[-86.8102,45.406],[-86.8122,45.4047],[-86.8141,45.4043],[-86.818,45.4044],[-86.8258,45.4054],[-86.8284,45.4041],[-86.8298,45.4032],[-86.8324,45.4024],[-86.8363,45.402],[-86.8389,45.4016],[-86.8368,45.4066],[-86.8361,45.4079],[-86.8353,45.4111],[-86.8351,45.4157],[-86.8363,45.4189],[-86.8374,45.4221],[-86.836,45.4248],[-86.8334,45.4261],[-86.823,45.4259],[-86.8198,45.425],[-86.8179,45.4235],[-86.8154,45.4226],[-86.8135,45.4203],[-86.8117,45.417],[-86.8105,45.4143],[-86.8094,45.4092],[-86.8102,45.406]]],[[[-86.9505,45.3009],[-86.9551,45.3005],[-86.9583,45.3019],[-86.9621,45.3034],[-86.9639,45.3057],[-86.9644,45.3107],[-86.9611,45.3134],[-86.9559,45.3115],[-86.9496,45.3073],[-86.9497,45.305],[-86.9505,45.3009]]],[[[-87.3464,45.0657],[-87.3483,45.0652],[-87.3496,45.0662],[-87.3515,45.0671],[-87.3514,45.0694],[-87.3501,45.0703],[-87.3469,45.0702],[-87.343,45.0702],[-87.3423,45.0697],[-87.3437,45.067],[-87.3464,45.0657]]],[[[-87.2576,45.1711],[-87.2589,45.1693],[-87.2609,45.1693],[-87.2628,45.1703],[-87.264,45.173],[-87.2633,45.1744],[-87.2607,45.1748],[-87.2568,45.1738],[-87.2569,45.1729],[-87.2576,45.1711]]],[[[-87.2637,45.1607],[-87.267,45.1603],[-87.2689,45.1617],[-87.2694,45.164],[-87.2662,45.1653],[-87.2649,45.1648],[-87.263,45.1643],[-87.2617,45.1629],[-87.2624,45.162],[-87.2637,45.1607]]],[[[-87.3085,45.0984],[-87.3111,45.0975],[-87.313,45.0975],[-87.3156,45.099],[-87.3155,45.1022],[-87.3109,45.1035],[-87.309,45.103],[-87.3071,45.1016],[-87.3085,45.0984]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Door\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db68607c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrill, Marvin G.","contributorId":91469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrill","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25611,"text":"wri786 - 1978 - Impact of potential phosphate mining on the hydrology of Osceola National Forest, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T21:58:44.791427","indexId":"wri786","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-6","title":"Impact of potential phosphate mining on the hydrology of Osceola National Forest, Florida","docAbstract":"Potentially exploitable phosphate deposits underlie part of Osceola National Forest, Fla. Hydrologic conditions in the forest are comparable with those in nearby Hamilton County, where phosphate mining and processing have been ongoing since 1965. Given similarity of operations, hydroloigc effects of mining in the forest are predicted. Flow of stream receiving phosphate industry effluent would increase somewhat during mining, but stream quality would not be greatly affected. Local changes in the configuration of the water table and the quality of water in the surficial aquifer will occur. Lowering of the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer because of proposed pumpage would be less than five feet at nearby communities. Flordian aquifer water quality would be appreciably changed only if industrial effluent were discharged into streams which recharge the Flordian through sinkholes. The most significant hydrologic effects would occur at the time of active mining: long-term effects would be less significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri786","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.A., Hughes, G., Hull, R.W., Vecchioli, J., and Seaber, P., 1978, Impact of potential phosphate mining on the hydrology of Osceola National Forest, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-6, ix, 159 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri786.","productDescription":"ix, 159 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35259.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54360,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0006/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Osceola National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.667,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -82.667,\n 30.15\n ],\n [\n -82.167,\n 30.15\n ],\n [\n -82.167,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -82.667,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8c1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, James A.","contributorId":49772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, G.H.","contributorId":73975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hull, R. W.","contributorId":66258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vecchioli, John","contributorId":36113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchioli","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seaber, P. R.","contributorId":53802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"P. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":26397,"text":"wri7894 - 1978 - Hydrologic appraisal of the water resources of the Homer-Preble Valley, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T19:44:50.633293","indexId":"wri7894","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-94","title":"Hydrologic appraisal of the water resources of the Homer-Preble Valley, New York","docAbstract":"Water resources of Homer-Preble Valley, 1 to 2 miles wide and 9 miles long, in central New York, were appraised because the area is expected to undergo considerable residential development in the near future. The main source of water supply to the residents of the area is the glacial-outwash aquifer. Data indicate that additional pumpage of 5 million to 10 million gallons per day from the aquifer would not seriously reduce the quantity and quality of the water supply. Water-quality analyses indicate that ground water and surface water in the valley are suitable for most uses and generally meet State standards for source waters for drinking.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7894","usgsCitation":"Buller, W., 1978, Hydrologic appraisal of the water resources of the Homer-Preble Valley, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-94, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7894.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414121,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35281.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Homer-Preble Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.208,\n 42.767\n ],\n [\n -76.208,\n 42.642\n ],\n [\n -76.117,\n 42.642\n ],\n [\n -76.117,\n 42.767\n ],\n [\n -76.208,\n 42.767\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buller, William","contributorId":16449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buller","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162257,"text":"70162257 - 1978 - Prevention and treatment of Nitrite toxicity in juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T20:56:21","indexId":"70162257","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevention and treatment of Nitrite toxicity in juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri)","docAbstract":"The efficacy of mineral salts, pH, and tetramethylthianine (methylene blue) treatment in reducing the acute toxicity of nitrite to fingerling steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) was determined using a static bioassay system at 10 °C. The acute toxicity (96-h LC50) was reduced by a factor of about 24 for 5-g steelhead and 13 for 10-g fish when the total water hardness was increased from 25 to 300 mg/L (as CaCO3). NaCl or CaCl2 additions (0–200 mg/L) reduced toxicity by a factor of up to 3 for NaCl and 50 for CaCl2. Increasing the pH from 6.0 to 8.0 decreased toxicity by a factor of about 8 for the smaller and 3 for the larger fish. Methylene blue at 0.1 or 1.0 mg/L was effective in decreasing acute toxicity. For alleviating methemoglobinemia, removing the fish to freshwater for 48 h was about as effective as 1.0 mg/L methylene blue. Chronic exposure in soft water to 0.03 mg/L NO2-N for 6 mo caused no significant growth reduction, gill histological changes, hematological dyscrasias, or impaired ability of the smolts to adapt to 30‰ seawater and grow for an additional 2 mo. Key words: nitrite, toxicity, fish, methylene blue, pH, salts, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f78-132","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G.A., and Yasutake, W.T., 1978, Prevention and treatment of Nitrite toxicity in juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri): Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 35, no. 6, p. 822-827, https://doi.org/10.1139/f78-132.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"822","endPage":"827","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c53e4b0961cf27fd1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary A.","contributorId":30668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yasutake, W. T.","contributorId":103222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162258,"text":"70162258 - 1978 - Survival of the salmonid viruses infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPNV) in ozonated, chlorinated, and Untreated waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-19T15:45:03","indexId":"70162258","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of the salmonid viruses infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPNV) in ozonated, chlorinated, and Untreated waters","docAbstract":"Ozone and chlorine inactivation curves were determined in three water types at 10 °C for the fish pathogenic viruses infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPNV). In phosphate-buffered, distilled water (PBDW) an ozone dose of 0.01 mg/L for 30 or 60 s inactivated IHNV or IPNV, respectively, suspended at a tissue culture 50% infective dose (TCID50) of 104–105/mL. In hard (120 mg/L as CaCO3) and soft water (30 mg/L) lake waters, an ozone application rate of 70 mg∙h−1∙L−1 for 10 min destroyed IHNV. IPNV inactivation in hard water required 90 mg∙O3∙h−1∙L−1 for 10 min but only a 30-s contact time in soft water. The IPNV was also somewhat more resistant to chlorine. In PBDW, a residual of 0.1 mg/L with contact times of 30 and 60 s, respectively, destroyed IHNV and IPNV. In soft lake water IHNV was destroyed within 5 min at 0.5 mg/L, while in hard water a 10-min contact time was required. For IPNV disinfection in soft water, 0.2 mg/L for 10 min was sufficient but this chlorine residual had essentially no effect on IPNV in hard water. Increasing this dose to 0.7 mg/L destroyed IPNV in hard water within 2 min. In untreated waters, IPNV was stable for at least 8 wk in either distilled, soft, or hard lake waters. However, IHNV survived only about 2 wk in distilled and 7 wk in the soft or hard lake waters. We suggest the serious consideration of ozone as a fish disease control agent. Key words: ozone, chlorine disinfection, fish pathogens, viruses
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f78-140","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G.A., Nelson, N.C., and Smith, C.A., 1978, Survival of the salmonid viruses infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPNV) in ozonated, chlorinated, and Untreated waters: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 35, no. 6, p. 875-879, https://doi.org/10.1139/f78-140.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"875","endPage":"879","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c54e4b0961cf27fd1cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary A.","contributorId":30668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Nancy C.","contributorId":152336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Cathy A.","contributorId":152096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Cathy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182450,"text":"70182450 - 1978 - Arsenic in streams, stream sediments, and ground water, Fairbanks area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T17:01:06","indexId":"70182450","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in streams, stream sediments, and ground water, Fairbanks area, Alaska","docAbstract":"Arsenic concentrations of less than 5 ppb to as large as 1,260 ppb in stream waters and from 5 ppm to 4,000 ppm in stream sediments were found in the Pedro Dome-Cleary Summit area, Alaska. Waters from three of 20 wells sampled had arsenic concentrations exceeding the U.S. Public Health Service recommended limit of 50 ppb. The high arsenic levels are a consequence of arsenic enrichment in the rocks of the area. Placer and lode-gold mining may increase the arsenic content of the waters by exposing arsenic-containing rocks to surface waters and by increasing the load of arsenic-rich sediments in the streams. Finding these disturbingly large concentrations of arsenic in the waters of the Fairbanks area was the major result of this work, inasmuch as a subsequent study (to be published) revealed arsenic concentrations as large as 10 ppm in domestic wells and prompted an extensive study by Federal and State agencies of the health hazard posed by these arsenic-rich waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02380485","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., and Hawkins, D.B., 1978, Arsenic in streams, stream sediments, and ground water, Fairbanks area, Alaska: Environmental Geology, v. 2, no. 4, p. 195-202, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02380485.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.81280517578125,\n 64.86177466110345\n ],\n [\n -147.030029296875,\n 64.86177466110345\n ],\n [\n -147.030029296875,\n 65.23370465451454\n ],\n [\n -147.81280517578125,\n 65.23370465451454\n ],\n [\n -147.81280517578125,\n 64.86177466110345\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dee4b01ccd54fb2839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawkins, D. B.","contributorId":43366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27733,"text":"wri7885 - 1978 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Rock-Fox River basin, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T18:14:03.144736","indexId":"wri7885","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-85","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Rock-Fox River basin, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Rock-Fox River basin, Wis., include estimates of low-flow frequency ad flow duration at 13 gaging stations; low-flow frequency characteristics at 32 low-flow partial-record stations and 78 miscellaneous sites; and a list of base-flow discharge measurements at 244 miscellaneous sites. Equations are provided to estimate low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites and at sites where one base-flow discharge measurement is availabe. The equations were determined from multiple-regression analyses that related low-flow characteristics at gaging stations and low-flow partial-record stations to basin characteristics. The standard error of estimate is provided for each method of estimating the annual minimum 7-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on the aveage of once in 2 years and once in 10 years. Standard error provides the user with the expected degree of accuracy for each method.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7885","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Holmstrom, B.K., 1978, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Rock-Fox River basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-85, Report: iv, 98 p.; 2 Plates: 13.00 x 14.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7885.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 98 p.; 2 Plates: 13.00 x 14.25 inches","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414240,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36675.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56575,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0085/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0085/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122922,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0085/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fox River, Rock River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.867,\n 42.496\n ],\n [\n -89.867,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -87.867,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -87.867,\n 42.496\n ],\n [\n -89.867,\n 42.496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmstrom, B. K.","contributorId":90728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmstrom","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30152,"text":"wri7876 - 1978 - Effects of paved surfaces on recharge to the Floridan aquifer in east-central Florida: A conceptual model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T15:09:09.072627","indexId":"wri7876","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-76","title":"Effects of paved surfaces on recharge to the Floridan aquifer in east-central Florida: A conceptual model","docAbstract":"The proportionate amount of surface area that can be paved in Floridan aquifer recharge areas in east-central Florida without reducing the net recharge to the Floridan aquifer is a function of many variables that include rainfall, depth to water table, depth to potentiometric surface of the Floridan, evaporation from paved areas, evapotranspiration from unpaved areas, runoff, pattern of paving, and leakance coefficient of the confining beds. Equations that incorporate those variables, except pattern of paving, are developed and coupled to produce a conceptual model that estimates relative amounts of water available for recharge and percentage of unpaved area below which Floridan aquifer recharge rates must increase. The model is not intended to be used as a basis for engineering design. Rather, its purpose is to show approximate mathematical interrelations of rainfall, runoff, evapotranspiration, percentage of paving, and Floridan aquifer recharge, and to make quantitative estimates of amounts of water available for Floridan aquifer recharge before and after paving. The allowable percentage of paving calculated in four examples ranges from 86.8 percent to 3.6 percent. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7876","usgsCitation":"Effects of paved surfaces on recharge to the Floridan aquifer in east-central Florida: A conceptual model; 1978; WRI; 78-76; Tibbals, C. H.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0076/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":398826,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0076/wri7876.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 78-76"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 27.137368359795584\n ],\n [\n -80.13427734374999,\n 27.137368359795584\n ],\n [\n -80.13427734374999,\n 28.97931203672246\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 28.97931203672246\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 27.137368359795584\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Fluoride reacts with silicic acid to form SiF2−6. A fluoride electrode was used to obtain an equilibrium constant of 1030.18 for the reaction:
Although there may be some experimental evidence for existence of traces of species containing less than six F− ions per silicon (n = 6), the species SiF2−6 predominates for n values from about 0.1 to 6.
Silicic-acid complexing with fluoride is important only in solutions which have rather low pH and low concentrations of other cations which compete with silicon for fluoride. Computations for cold volcanic condensates from Hawaii indicate that for some samples much of the silicon is complexed by fluoride as SiF2−6. However, in most cooled acidic natural water samples Al and Fe are more important than Si in complexing fluoride.
Throughout the northern equatorial region of Mars, extensive areas have been uniformly stripped, roughly to a constant depth. These terrains vary widely in their relative ages. A model is described here to explain this phenomenon as reflecting the vertical distribution of H2O liquid and ice in the crust. Under present conditions the Martian equatorial regions are stratified in terms of the stability of water ice and liquid water. This arises because the temperature of the upper 1 or 2 km is below the melting point of ice and liquid is stable only at greater depth. It is suggested here that during planetary outgassing earlier in Martian history H2O was injected into the upper few kilometers of the crust by subsurface and surface volcanic eruption and lateral migration of the liquid and vapor. As a result, a discontinuity in the physical state of materials developed in the Martian crust coincident with the depth of H2O liquid-ice phase boundary. Material above the boundary remained pristine; material below underwent diagenetic alteration and cementation. Subsequently, sections of the ice-laden zone were erosionally stripped by processes including eolian deflation, gravitational slump and collapse, and fluvial transport due to geothermal heating and melting of the ice. The youngest plains which display this uniform stripping may provide a minimum stratigraphic age for the major period of outgassing of the planet. Viking results suggest that the total amount of H2O outgassed is less than half that required to fill the ice layer, hence any residual liquid eventually found itself in the upper permafrost zone or stored in the polar regions. Erosion stopped at the old liquid-ice interface due to increased resistance of subjacent material and/or because melting of ice was required to mobilize the debris. Water ice may remain in uneroded regions, the overburden of debris preventing its escape to the atmosphere. Numerous morphological examples shown in Viking and Mariner 9 images suggest interaction of impact, volcanic, and gravitational processes with the ice-laden layer. Finally, volcanic eruptions into ice produces a highly oxidized friable amorphous rock, palagonite. Based on spectral reflectance properties, these materials may provide the best analog to Martian surface materials. They are easily eroded, providing vast amounts of eolian debris, and have been suggested (Toulmin et al., 1977) as possible source rocks for the materials observed at the Viking landing sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(78)90050-7","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Soderblom, L., and Wenner, D.B., 1978, Possible fossil H2O liquid-ice interfaces in the Martian crust: Icarus, v. 34, no. 3, p. 622-637, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(78)90050-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"622","endPage":"637","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e24e4b0c8380cd7a37c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wenner, D. B.","contributorId":42224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012578,"text":"70012578 - 1978 - Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:05:06","indexId":"70012578","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources","docAbstract":"A consistent, agreed-upon terminology is prerequisite for geothermal resource assessment. Accordingly, we propose a logical, sequential subdivision of the \"geothermal resource base\", accepting its definition as all the thermal energy in the earth's crust under a given area, measured from mean annual temperature. That part of the resource base which is shallow enough to be tapped by production drilling is termed the \"accessible resource base\", and it in turn is divided into \"useful\" and \"residual\" components. The useful component (i.e. the thermal energy that could reasonably be extracted at costs competitive with other forms of energy at some specified future time) is termed the \"geothermal resource\". This in turn is divided into \"economic\" and \"subeconomic\" components, based on conditions existing at the time of assessment. In the format of a McKelvey diagram, this logic defines the vertical axis (degree of economic feasibility). The horizontal axis (degree of geologic assurance) contains \"identified\" and \"undiscovered\" components. \"Reserve\" is then designated as the identified economic resource. All categories should be expressed in units of thermal energy, with resource and reserve figures calculated at wellhead, prior to the inevitable large losses inherent in any practical thermal use or in conversion to electricity. Methods for assessing geothermal resources can be grouped into 4 classes: (a) surface thermal flux, (b) volume, (c) planar fracture and (d) magmatic heat budget. The volume method appears to be most useful because (1) it is applicable to virtually any geologic environment, (2) the required parameters can in Sprinciple be measured or estimated, (3) the inevitable errors are in part compensated and (4) the major uncertainties (recoverability and resupply) are amenable to resolution in the foreseeable future. The major weakness in all the methods rests in the estimation of how much of the accessible resource base can be extracted at some time in the future. In a manner similar to mineral and fuel assessment, this recoverability is expressed as a \"recovery factor\". For an ideally permeable hot-water system, the recovery factor may be as much as 50% and seems to be independent of temperature. It must decrease as effective porosity (??e) decreases, but the relation between the two is little more than a guess. On the other hand, for favorable systems like Larderello that produce steam by a mechanism of intergranular vaporization, the recovery factor is probably around 15-20%, decreasing to zero at an effective porosity of zero. According to the anlysis of Bodvarsson (1974), it increases with decreasing reservoir temperature, and as pointed out by Nathenson (1975a) is limited at low temperatures by the need to have sufficient reservoir pressure for extraction and use. The extent to which a geothermal reservoir can be resupplied with heat during \"industrial\" times of 10-100 yr can be evaluated using simple analytical models. The results, combined with gravity and levelling data of Hunt (1977) for Wairakei and Isherwood (1977) for The Geysers, confirm earlier conclusions by Ramey (1970) and Nathenson (1975a) that resupply to reservoirs producing only steam can be neglected, and the conclusion of Nathenson (1975a) that it may be significant for hot-water systems of high natural discharge. Major subjects that demand continuing investigation include: 1. 1. Determination of recovery factors as functions of temperature and effective porosity, particularly for hot-water systems. 2. 2. Evaluation of fluid recharge and heat resupply by repetitive gravity, levelling and underground temperature surveys in producing geothermal fields. 3. 3. Analysis of the extent to which a recovery factor can be enhanced by stimulation and by use of confined circulation loops. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(78)90002-0","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Muffler, P., and Cataldi, R., 1978, Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources: Geothermics, v. 7, no. 2-4, p. 53-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(78)90002-0.","startPage":"53","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1208202/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":222731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268141,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(78)90002-0"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55cae4b0c8380cd6d2ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muffler, P.","contributorId":66850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cataldi, R.","contributorId":59806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cataldi","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012550,"text":"70012550 - 1978 - Prediction of capacity factors for aqueous organic solutes adsorbed on a porous acrylic resin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T17:47:53.733634","indexId":"70012550","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of capacity factors for aqueous organic solutes adsorbed on a porous acrylic resin","docAbstract":"The capacity factors of 20 aromatic, allphatic, and allcycllc organic solutes with carboxyl, hydroxyl, amine, and methyl functional groups were determined on Amberlite XAD-8, a porous acrylic resin. The logarithm of the capacity factor, k', correlated inversely with the logarithm of the aqueous molar solubility with significance of less than 0.001. The log k'-log solubility relationship may be used to predict the capacity of any organic solute for XAD-8 using only the solubility of the solute. The prediction is useful as a guide for determining the proper ratio of sample to column size In the preconcentration of organic solutes from water. The inverse relationship of solubility and capacity is due to the unfavorable entropy of solution of organic solutes which affects both solubility and sorption.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac50027a028","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., Malcolm, R., and Aiken, G., 1978, Prediction of capacity factors for aqueous organic solutes adsorbed on a porous acrylic resin: Analytical Chemistry, v. 50, no. 6, p. 775-779, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50027a028.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"779","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81eae4b0c8380cd7b7d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012444,"text":"70012444 - 1978 - The solubility of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in water up to the critical point","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012444","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2460,"text":"Journal of Solution Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The solubility of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in water up to the critical point","docAbstract":"The solubility of the noble gases Ar, He, Ne, Kr, and Xe in pure water was measured from 298 to 561??K. These data in turn were extrapolated to the critical point of water, thus providing a complete set of Henry's law constants from 274 to 647??K when combined with the existing literature data. Equations describing the behavior of the Henry's law constants over this temperature range are also given. The data do not confirm extrapolations of empirical correlations based on low-temperature solubility data. ?? 1978 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Solution Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00650811","issn":"00959782","usgsCitation":"Potter, R., and Clynne, M., 1978, The solubility of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in water up to the critical point: Journal of Solution Chemistry, v. 7, no. 11, p. 837-844, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00650811.","startPage":"837","endPage":"844","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650811"},{"id":222354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb045e4b08c986b324d49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, R.W. II","contributorId":16857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"R.W.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012422,"text":"70012422 - 1978 - Determination of dissolved boron in fresh, estuarine, and geothermal waters by d.c. argon-plasma emission spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T17:14:36.382503","indexId":"70012422","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of dissolved boron in fresh, estuarine, and geothermal waters by d.c. argon-plasma emission spectrometry","docAbstract":"A d.c. argon-plasma emission spectrometer is used to determine dissolved boron in natural (fresh and estuarine) water samples. Concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 250 mg l-1. The emission—concentration function is linear from 0.02 to 1000 mg l-1. Achievement of a relative standard deviation of ⩽ 3% requires frequent restandardization to offset sensitivity changes. Dilution may be necessary to overcome high and variable electron density caused by differences in alkali-metal content and to avoid quenching of the plasma by high solute concentrations of sodium and other easily ionized elements. The proposed method was tested against a reference method and found to be more sensitive, equally or more precise and accurate, less subject to interferences, with a wider linear analytical range than the carmine method. Analyses of standard reference samples yielded results in all cases within one standard deviation of the means.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(01)83239-6","usgsCitation":"Ball, J., Thompson, J., and Jenne, E.A., 1978, Determination of dissolved boron in fresh, estuarine, and geothermal waters by d.c. argon-plasma emission spectrometry: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 98, no. 1, p. 67-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)83239-6.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa1e4b0c8380cd4f2c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenne, Everett A.","contributorId":85582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenne","given":"Everett","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012639,"text":"70012639 - 1978 - Correction of ground-water chemistry and carbon isotopic composition for effects of CO2 outgassing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-11T16:57:53.226526","indexId":"70012639","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Correction of ground-water chemistry and carbon isotopic composition for effects of CO2 outgassing","title":"Correction of ground-water chemistry and carbon isotopic composition for effects of CO2 outgassing","docAbstract":"Direct
An empirical model of Skeletonema costatum photosynthetic rate is developed and fit to measurements of photosynthesis selected from the literature. Because the model acknowledges existence of: 1) a light-temperature interaction (by allowing optimum irradiance to vary with temperature), 2) light inhibition, 3) temperature inhibition, and 4) a salinity effect, it accurately estimates photosynthetic rates measured over a wide range of temperature, light intensity, and salinity. Integration of predicted instantaneous rate of photosynthesis with time and depth yields daily net carbon assimilation (pg C cell−1 day−1) in a mixed layer of specified depth, when salinity, temperature, daily irradiance and extinction coefficient are known. The assumption of constant carbon quota (pg C cell−1) allows for prediction of mean specific growth rate (day−1), which can be used in numerical models of Skeletonema costatum population dynamics.
Application of the model to northern San Francisco Bay clearly demonstrates the limitation of growth by low light availability, and suggests that large population densities of S. costatum observed during summer months are not the result of active growth in the central deep channels (where growth rates are consistently predicted to be negative). But predicted growth rates in the lateral shallows are positive during summer and fall, thus offering a testable hypothesis that shoals are the only sites of active population growth by S. costatum (and perhaps other neritic diatoms) in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(78)90040-4","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., 1978, Empirical model of Skeletonema costatum photosynthetic rate, with applications in the San Francisco Bay estuary: Advances in Water Resources, v. 1, no. 5, p. 267-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(78)90040-4.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.22039965621613,\n 38.24440703031118\n ],\n [\n -122.57745968735097,\n 38.24440703031118\n ],\n [\n -122.57745968735097,\n 37.3957605043622\n ],\n [\n -121.22039965621613,\n 37.3957605043622\n ],\n [\n -121.22039965621613,\n 38.24440703031118\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a090ce4b0c8380cd51d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":363746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012714,"text":"70012714 - 1978 - Uranium-isotope variations in groundwaters of the Floridan aquifer and Boulder Zone of south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:12:58.703516","indexId":"70012714","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-isotope variations in groundwaters of the Floridan aquifer and Boulder Zone of south Florida","docAbstract":"Water samples from four wells from the main Floridan aquifer (300-400 m below mean sea level) in southeast Florida exhibit 234U 233U activity ratios that are significantly lower than the secular equilibrium value of 1.00. Such anomalous values have been observed previously only in waters from sedimentary aquifers in the near-surface oxidizing environments. These four wells differ from six others, all producing from the same general horizon, in being located in cavernous highly transmissive zones. We hypothesize that the low activity ratios are indicative of a relic circulation pattern whereby water from the surface aquifer was channelled to lower levels when sea level was much lower. At a deeper cavernous level, known as the Boulder Zone (800-1,000 m below mean sea level), the U isotopes, along with other chemical constituents, show progressive changes with increasing distance from an inferred flow source in the Straits of Florida. This tends to support the hypothesized landward flow (though with a more northerly component) of cold seawater in the extensively transmissive Boulder Zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(78)90045-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cowart, J., Kaufman, M.I., and Osmond, J., 1978, Uranium-isotope variations in groundwaters of the Floridan aquifer and Boulder Zone of south Florida: Journal of Hydrology, v. 36, no. 1-2, p. 161-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(78)90045-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"172","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"south Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.71978389951833,\n 27.620722131238608\n ],\n [\n -82.71978389951833,\n 25.050310152154353\n ],\n [\n -79.68009174787615,\n 25.050310152154353\n ],\n [\n -79.68009174787615,\n 27.620722131238608\n ],\n [\n -82.71978389951833,\n 27.620722131238608\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdebe4b08c986b3292e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowart, J.B.","contributorId":59948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowart","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaufman, M. I.","contributorId":66847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osmond, J.K.","contributorId":78467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osmond","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012535,"text":"70012535 - 1978 - Lower Tertiary laterite on the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge and the Thulean land bridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:09","indexId":"70012535","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower Tertiary laterite on the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge and the Thulean land bridge","docAbstract":"CORES of a lower Tertiary lateritic palaeosol resting on basalt were recovered1 from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 336 (Leg 38) on the north-east flank of the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge (Fig. 1), a major aseismic oceanic ridge that, together with Iceland, forms the Icelandic transverse ridge 2. The transverse ridge extends from the West European continental margin to the East Greenland continental margin, forming the geographic boundary and a partial barrier to flow of water between the Norwegian-Greenland Sea to the north and the northern North Atlantic Ocean to the south. The palaeosol indicates that at least part of the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge was above sea level during early Tertiary time3. Palaeogeographic and palaeooceanographic reconstructions suggest that it formed the main part of the Thulean land bridge that connected South-east Greenland and the Faeroe islands during the early Tertiary4. This report summarises the subsidence history of the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge relative to early Tertiary seafloor spreading, basaltic volcanism, and the development of the proposed Thulean land bridge. ?? 1978 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/274786a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, T.H., 1978, Lower Tertiary laterite on the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge and the Thulean land bridge: Nature, v. 274, no. 5673, p. 786-788, https://doi.org/10.1038/274786a0.","startPage":"786","endPage":"788","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205158,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/274786a0"},{"id":221897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"274","issue":"5673","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a75e4b0c8380cd68d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, T. H.","contributorId":93057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012631,"text":"70012631 - 1978 - Minerals produced during cooling and hydrothermal alteration of ash flow tuff from Yellowstone drill hole Y-5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012631","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minerals produced during cooling and hydrothermal alteration of ash flow tuff from Yellowstone drill hole Y-5","docAbstract":"A rhyolitic ash-flow tuff in a hydrothermally active area within the Yellowstone caldera was drilled in 1967, and cores were studied to determine the nature and distribution of primary and secondary mineral phases. The rocks have undergone a complex history of crystallization and hydrothermal alteration since their emplacement 600,000 years ago. During cooling from magmatic temperatures, the glassy groundmass underwent either devitrification to alkali feldspar + ??-cristobalite ?? tridymite or granophyric crystallization to alkali feldspar + quartz. Associated with the zones of granophyric crystallization are prismatic quartz crystals in cavities similar to those termed miarolitic in plutonic rocks. Vapor-phase alkali feldspar, tridymite, magnetite, and sporadic ??-cristobalite were deposited in cavities and in void spaces of pumice fragments. Subsequently, some of the vapor-phase alkali feldspar crystals were replaced by microcrystalline quartz, and the vapor-phase minerals were frosted by a coating of saccharoidal quartz. Hydrothermal minerals occur primarily as linings and fillings of cavities and fractures and as altered mafic phenocrysts. Chalcedony is the dominant mineral related to the present hydrothermal regime and occurs as microcrystalline material mixed with various amounts of hematite and goethite. The chalcedony displays intricate layering and was apparently deposited as opal from silica-rich water. Hematite and goethite also replace both mafic phenocrysts and vapor-phase magnetite. Other conspicuous hydrothermal minerals include montmorillonite, pyrite, mordenite, calcite, and fluorite. Clinoptilolite, erionite, illite, kaolinite, and manganese oxides are sporadic. The hydrothermal minerals show little correlation with temperature, but bladed calcite is restricted to a zone of boiling in the tuff and clearly was deposited when CO2 was lost during boiling. Fractures and breccias filled with chalcedony are common throughout Y-5 and may have been produced by rapid disruption of rock caused by sudden decrease of fluid pressure in fractures, most likely a result of fracturing during resurgent doming in this part of the Yellowstone caldera. The chalcedony probably was deposited as opal or ??-cristobalite from a pre-existing silica floc that moved rapidly into the fractures and breccias immediately after the sudden pressure drop. ?? 1978.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Keith, T.E., and Muffler, L., 1978, Minerals produced during cooling and hydrothermal alteration of ash flow tuff from Yellowstone drill hole Y-5: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 373-402.","startPage":"373","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ae7e4b0c8380cd6f1df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muffler, L.J.P.","contributorId":63383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012608,"text":"70012608 - 1978 - Correlation between the silica concentration and the orifice temperature in the warm springs along the jordan-dead sea rift valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:04:20","indexId":"70012608","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation between the silica concentration and the orifice temperature in the warm springs along the jordan-dead sea rift valley","docAbstract":"Analysis of twenty-one thermal springs emerging along the Jordan-Dead Sea Rift Valley in Israel indicates a very good correlation between the concentration of dissolved silica and the temperature of the spring orifice. Dissolution of quartz was identified as the apparent source of the silica in the water. Application of the silica geothermometer for mixed systems suggests that the springs in the Tiberias Lake Basin are supplied with hot water from deep reservoir (or reservoirs) at a temperature of 115??C (239??F). The same temperature was postulated earlier by the application of the Na-K-Ca hydro-geothermometer to a group of thermal springs in the same basin. The temperature of the reservoir supplying hot brines to the springs emerging along the western shore of the Dead Sea is estimated at 90??C (194??F).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(78)90021-4","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Levitte, D., and Eckstein, Y., 1978, Correlation between the silica concentration and the orifice temperature in the warm springs along the jordan-dead sea rift valley: Geothermics, v. 7, no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(78)90021-4.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268140,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(78)90021-4"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc2ae4b0c8380cd4e161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levitte, D.","contributorId":102630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levitte","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckstein, Y.","contributorId":54345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckstein","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}