{"pageNumber":"23","pageRowStart":"550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":97882,"text":"ofr20091211 - 2009 - Low-fluorine Stockwork Molybdenite Deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:50:15","indexId":"ofr20091211","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1211","title":"Low-fluorine Stockwork Molybdenite Deposits","docAbstract":"Low-fluorine stockwork molybdenite deposits are closely related to porphyry copper deposits, being similar in their tectonic setting (continental volcanic arc) and the petrology (calc-alkaline) of associated igneous rock types. They are mainly restricted to the Cordillera of western Canada and the northwest United States, and their distribution elsewhere in the world may be limited. The deposits consist of stockwork bodies of molybdenite-bearing quartz veinlets that are present in and around the upper parts of intermediate to felsic intrusions. The deposits are relatively low grade (0.05 to 0.2 percent Mo), but relatively large, commonly >50 million tons. The source plutons for these deposits range from granodiorite to granite in composition; the deposits primarily form in continental margin subduction-related magmatic arcs, often concurrent with formation of nearby porphyry copper deposits. Oxidation of pyrite in unmined deposits or in tailings and waste rock during weathering can lead to development of acid-rock drainage and limonite-rich gossans. Waters associated with low-fluorine stockwork molybdenite deposits tend to be nearly neutral in pH; variable in concentrations of molybdenum (<2 to >10,000 ug/L); below regulatory guidelines for copper, iron, lead, zinc, and mercury; and locally may exceed guidelines for arsenic, cadmium, and selenium.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091211","usgsCitation":"Ludington, S., Hammarstrom, J., and Piatak, N.M., 2009, Low-fluorine Stockwork Molybdenite Deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1211, Available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091211.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1211.jpg"},{"id":13057,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1211/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -145,40 ], [ -145,65 ], [ -105,65 ], [ -105,40 ], [ -145,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane","contributorId":55436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":2324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97855,"text":"ofr20091162 - 2009 - Rainfall, discharge, and water-quality data during stormwater monitoring, July 1, 2008, to June 30, 2009; Halawa Stream drainage basin and the H-1 storm drain, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-15T18:12:43.09528","indexId":"ofr20091162","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1162","title":"Rainfall, discharge, and water-quality data during stormwater monitoring, July 1, 2008, to June 30, 2009; Halawa Stream drainage basin and the H-1 storm drain, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Storm runoff water-quality samples were collected as part of the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Stormwater Monitoring Program. The program is designed to assess the effects of highway runoff and urban runoff on Halawa Stream, and to assess the effects from the H-1 storm drain on Manoa Stream. For this program, rainfall data were collected at three stations, continuous discharge data at five stations, and water-quality data at six stations, which include the five continuous discharge stations. This report summarizes rainfall, discharge, and water-quality data collected between July 1, 2008, and June 30, 2009. \r\n\r\nWithin the Halawa Stream drainage area, three storms (October 25 and December 11, 2008, and February 3, 2009) were sampled during July 1, 2008, to June 30, 2009. A total of 43 environmental samples were collected during these three storms. During the storm of October 25, 2009, 31 samples were collected and analyzed individually for metals only. The other 12 samples from the other two storms were analyzed for some or all of the following analytes: total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, nutrients, chemical oxygen demand, and selected trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc). Additionally, grab samples were analyzed for some or all of the following analytes: oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons, fecal coliform, and biological oxygen demand. Some grab and composite samples were analyzed for only a partial list of these analytes, either because samples could not be delivered to the laboratory in a timely manner, or an insufficient volume of sample was collected by the automatic samplers. Two quality-assurance/quality-control samples were collected after cleaning automatic sampler lines to verify that the sampling lines were not contaminated. \r\n\r\nFour environmental samples were collected at the H-1 Storm Drain during July 1, 2008, to June 30, 2009. An oil and grease sample and a composite sample were collected during the storm on November 15, 2008, and two composite samples were collected during the January 11, 2009, storm. All samples at this site were collected using an automatic sampler. Samples were analyzed for some or all of the following analytes: total suspended solids, nutrients, oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and selected trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc). One qualityassurance/quality-control sample was collected after cleaning automatic sampler lines to verify that the sampling lines were not contaminated. \r\n\r\nDuring the storm of January 11, 2009, the two composite samples collected at H-1 Storm Drain were collected about three hours apart. Higher constituent concentrations were detected in the first 2 composite sample relative to the second composite sample, although the average discharge was higher during the period when the second sample was collected.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Presley, T.K., and Jamison, M.T., 2009, Rainfall, discharge, and water-quality data during stormwater monitoring, July 1, 2008, to June 30, 2009; Halawa Stream drainage basin and the H-1 storm drain, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1162, Report: vi, 48 p.; 2 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091162.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 48 p.; 2 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-07-01","temporalEnd":"2009-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1162.jpg"},{"id":13030,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402218,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87413.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.93190002441406,\n 21.36996550312423\n ],\n [\n -157.81654357910156,\n 21.36996550312423\n ],\n [\n -157.81654357910156,\n 21.420791878140957\n ],\n [\n -157.93190002441406,\n 21.420791878140957\n ],\n [\n -157.93190002441406,\n 21.36996550312423\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presley, Todd K. 0000-0001-5851-0634 tkpresle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5851-0634","contributorId":2671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"Todd","email":"tkpresle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamison, Marcael T. J.","contributorId":6817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"Marcael","email":"","middleInitial":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97863,"text":"pp1760F - 2009 - Detrital zircon geochronology of Cretaceous and Paleogene strata across the south-central Alaskan convergent margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T16:20:33.535792","indexId":"pp1760F","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1760","chapter":"F","displayTitle":"Detrital Zircon Geochronology of Cretaceous and Paleogene Strata Across the South-Central Alaskan Convergent Margin","title":"Detrital zircon geochronology of Cretaceous and Paleogene strata across the south-central Alaskan convergent margin","docAbstract":"

Ages of detrital zircons are reported from ten samples of Lower Cretaceous to Paleogene metasandstones and sandstones from the Chugach Mountains, Talkeetna Mountains, and western Alaska Range of south-central Alaska. Zircon ages are also reported from three igneous clasts from two conglomerates. The results bear on the regional geology, stratigraphy, tectonics, and mineral resource potential of the southern Alaska convergent margin. Chugach Mountains - The first detrital zircon data are reported here from the two main components of the Chugach accretionary complex - the inboard McHugh Complex and the outboard Valdez Group. Detrital zircons from sandstone and two conglomerate clasts of diorite were dated from the McHugh Complex near Anchorage. This now stands as the youngest known part of the McHugh Complex, with an inferred Turonian (Late Cretaceous) depositional age no older than 91-93 Ma. The zircon population has probability density peaks at 93 and 104 Ma and a smattering of Early Cretaceous and Jurassic grains, with nothing older than 191 Ma. The two diorite clasts yielded Jurassic U-Pb zircon ages of 179 and 181 Ma. Together, these findings suggest a Mesozoic arc as primary zircon source, the closest and most likely candidate being the Wrangellia composite terrane. The detrital zircon sample from the Valdez Group contains zircons as young as 69 and 77 Ma, consistent with the previously assigned Maastrichtian to Campanian (Late Cretaceous) depositional age. The zircon population has peaks at 78, 91, 148, and 163 Ma, minor peaks at 129, 177, 330, and 352 Ma, and no concordant zircons older than Devonian. A granite clast from a Valdez Group conglomerate yielded a Triassic U-Pb zircon age of 221 Ma. Like the McHugh Complex, the Valdez Group appears to have been derived almost entirely from Mesozoic arc sources, but a few Precambrian zircons are also present. Talkeetna Mountains - Detrital zircons ages were obtained from southernmost metasedimentary rocks of the Talkeetna Mountains (schist of Hatcher Pass) and, immediately to the south, the northernmost sedimentary sequence of the Matanuska forearc basin (Arkose Ridge Formation). Detrital zircons from the Paleogene Arkose Ridge Formation are as young as 61 and 70 Ma; the population is dominated by a single Late Cretaceous peak at 76 Ma; the oldest zircon is 181 Ma. Sedimentological evidence clearly shows that the conglomeratic Arkose Ridge Formation was derived from the Talkeetna Mountains; our detrital zircon data support this inference. Zircons dated at ca. 90 Ma in the Arkose Ridge sample suggest that buried or unmapped plutons of this age may exist in the Talkeetnas. This is a particularly interesting age as it corresponds to the age of the supergiant Pebble gold-molybdenum-copper porphyry prospect near Iliamna and suggests a new area of prospectivity for Pebble-type deposits. The schist of Hatcher Pass, which was previously assigned a Jurassic depositional age, yielded surprisingly young Late Cretaceous detrital zircons, the youngest at 75 Ma. The probability density curve has four Cretaceous peaks from 76 to 102 Ma, a pair of Late Jurassic peaks at 155 and 166 Ma, three Early Jurassic to Late Triassic peaks at 186, 197, and 213 Ma, minor Carboniferous peaks at 303 and 346 Ma, and a minor Paleoproterozoic peak at 1828 Ma. The schist of Hatcher Pass was largely derived from Mesozoic arc sources, most likely the Wrangellia composite terrane, with some contribution from one or more older, inboard sources, probably including the Yukon-Tanana terrane. We postulate that the schist of Hatcher Pass represents metamorphosed rocks of the Valdez Group that were subducted and then exhumed along the Chugach terrane's 'backstop' during Paleogene transtension. Western Alaska Range - Six detrital zircon samples were collected from a little studied belt of turbidites in Tyonek quadrangle on strike with the Kahiltna assemblage of the central Alaska Range. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2007 (Professional Paper 1760)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1760F","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., Haeussler, P.J., O'Sullivan, P., Friedman, R., Till, A., Bradley, D., and Trop, J., 2009, Detrital zircon geochronology of Cretaceous and Paleogene strata across the south-central Alaskan convergent margin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1760, iii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1760F.","productDescription":"iii, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422372,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87409.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1760/f/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1760_f.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 65\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight","contributorId":32641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul","contributorId":84473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedman, Rich","contributorId":98419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Rich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Till, Alison","contributorId":102569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Dan","contributorId":104185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trop, Jeff","contributorId":104592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trop","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156858,"text":"70156858 - 2009 - Geochemistry and geochronology of carbonate-hosted base metal deposits in the southern Brooks Range, Alaska: Temporal association with VMS deposits and metallogenic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T17:00:16.935503","indexId":"70156858","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemistry and geochronology of carbonate-hosted base metal deposits in the southern Brooks Range, Alaska: Temporal association with VMS deposits and metallogenic implications","docAbstract":"

The Brooks Range contains enormous accumulations of zinc and copper, either as VMS or sediment-hosted deposits. The Ruby Creek and Omar deposits are Cu-Co stratabound deposits associated with dolomitic breccias. Numerous volcanogenic Cu-Zn (+/-Ag, Au) deposits are situated ~20 km north of the Ruby Creek deposit. The carbonate-hosted deposits consist of chalcopyrite and bornite that fill open spaces, replace the matrix of the breccias, and occur in later cross-cutting veins. Cobaltiferous pyrite, chalcocite, minor tennantite-tetrahedrite, galena, and sphalerite are also present. At Ruby Creek, phases such as carrollite, renierite, and germanite occur rarely. The deposits have undergone post-depositional metamorphism (Ruby Creek, low greenschist facies; Omar, blueschist facies). The unusual geochemical signature includes Cu-Co +/- Ag, As, Au, Bi, Ge, Hg, Sb, and U with sporadic high Re concentrations (up to 2.7 ppm). New Re-Os data were obtained for chalcopyrite, bornite, and pyrite from the Ruby Creek deposit (analyses of sulfides from Omar are in progress). The data show extremely high Re abundances (hundreds of ppb, low ppm) and contain essentially no common Os. The Re-Os data provide the first absolute ages of ore formation for the Ruby Creek deposit and demonstrate that the Re-Os systematics of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and bornite are unaffected by greenschist metamorphism. The Re-Os data show that the main phase of Cu mineralization occurred at 384 +/-4.2 Ma, which coincides with zircon U-Pb ages from igneous rocks that are spatially and genetically associated with VMS deposits. This suggests a temporal link between regional magmatism and hydrothermal mineralization.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Smart science for exploration and mining: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial SGA Meeting, Townsville, Australia 17th-20th August 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"10th Biennial SGA Meeting: Smart Science for Exploration and Mining","conferenceDate":"August 17-20, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Townsville, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"James Cook University School of Earth & Environmental Studies. Economic Geology Research Unit","usgsCitation":"Kelly, K., Slack, J., and Selby, D., 2009, Geochemistry and geochronology of carbonate-hosted base metal deposits in the southern Brooks Range, Alaska: Temporal association with VMS deposits and metallogenic implications, in Smart science for exploration and mining: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial SGA Meeting, Townsville, Australia 17th-20th August 2009, Townsville, Australia, August 17-20, 2009, p. 454-456.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"454","endPage":"456","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012374","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391089,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://e-sga.org/nc/publications/sga-biennial-meetings-abstract-volumes/2009-townsville/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.85107421875,\n 66.6268403656443\n ],\n [\n -144.95361328125,\n 66.6268403656443\n ],\n [\n -144.95361328125,\n 67.76771323616623\n ],\n [\n -159.85107421875,\n 67.76771323616623\n ],\n [\n -159.85107421875,\n 66.6268403656443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e57aaee4b05561fa208693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Karen","contributorId":147239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John","contributorId":147240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slack","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selby, David","contributorId":58167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selby","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97658,"text":"sir20095129 - 2009 - Groundwater-Quality Assessment, Pike County, Pennsylvania, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T10:19:09","indexId":"sir20095129","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5129","title":"Groundwater-Quality Assessment, Pike County, Pennsylvania, 2007","docAbstract":"Pike County, a 545 square-mile area in northeastern Pennsylvania, has experienced the largest relative population growth of any county in the state from 1990 to 2000 and its population is projected to grow substantially through 2025. This growing population may result in added dependence and stresses on water resources, including the potential to reduce the quantity and degrade the quality of groundwater and associated stream base flow with changing land use. Groundwater is the main source of drinking water in the county and is derived primarily from fractured-rock aquifers (shales, siltstones, and sandstones) and some unconsolidated glacial deposits that are recharged locally from precipitation. The principal land uses in the county as of 2005 were public, residential, agricultural, hunt club/private recreational, roads, and commercial. The public lands cover a third of the county and include national park, state park, and other state lands, much of which are forested. Individual on-site wells and wastewater disposal are common in many residential areas.\r\n\r\nIn 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pike County Conservation District, began a study to provide current information on groundwater quality throughout the county that will be helpful for water-resource planning. The countywide reconnaissance assessment of groundwater quality documents current conditions with existing land uses and may serve as a baseline of groundwater quality for future comparison.\r\n\r\nTwenty wells were sampled in 2007 throughout Pike County to represent groundwater quality in the principal land uses (commercial, high-density and moderate-density residential with on-site wastewater disposal, residential in a sewered area, pre-development, and undeveloped) and geologic units (five fractured-rock aquifers and one glacial unconsolidated aquifer). Analyses selected for the groundwater samples were intended to identify naturally occurring constituents from the aquifer or constituents introduced by human activities that pose a health risk or otherwise were of concern in groundwater in the county. The analyses included major ions, nutrients, selected trace metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), selected organic wastewater compounds, gross alpha-particle and gross beta-particle activity, uranium, and radon-222. Analyses of the 20 samples were primarily for dissolved constituents, but six samples were analyzed for both dissolved and total metals.\r\n\r\nResults of the 2007 sampling indicated few water-quality problems, although concentrations of some constituents indicated influence of human activities on groundwater. No constituent analyzed exceeded any primary drinking-water standard or maximum contaminant level (MCL) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Radon-222 levels were greater than, or equal to, the proposed MCL of 300 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) in water from 15 (75 percent) of the 20 wells. Radon-222 levels did not exceed the alternative MCL of 4,000 pCi/L in any groundwater sample. Radon-222 is naturally occurring, and the greatest concentrations (up to 2,650 pCi/L) were in water samples from wells in members of the Catskill Formation, a fractured-rock aquifer. The dissolved arsenic concentration of 3.9 micrograms per liter (ug/L) in one sample was greater than the health-advisory (HA) level of 2 ug/L but less than the MCL of 10 ug/L. Recommended or secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) were exceeded for pH, dissolved iron, and dissolved manganese.\r\n\r\nIn six samples analyzed for dissolved and total concentrations of selected metals, total concentrations commonly were much greater than dissolved concentrations of iron, and to a lesser degree, for arsenic, lead, copper, and manganese. Concentrations of iron above the SMCL of 300 ug/L may be more widespread in the county for particulate iron than for dissolved iron. The total arsenic concentration in one of the six samples was greater than the HA level of","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pike County Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., 2009, Groundwater-Quality Assessment, Pike County, Pennsylvania, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5129, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095129.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5129.jpg"},{"id":12809,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5,41 ], [ -75.5,41.75 ], [ -74.5,41.75 ], [ -74.5,41 ], [ -75.5,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69625e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97613,"text":"ofr20091111 - 2009 - Analytical Results for Agricultural Soils Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"ofr20091111","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1111","title":"Analytical Results for Agricultural Soils Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA)","docAbstract":"Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District, MWRD), a large wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colorado, has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 52,000 acres of nonirrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colorado, USA. In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began monitoring groundwater at part of this site. In 1999, the USGS began a more comprehensive monitoring study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the potential chemical effects of biosolids applications to water, soil, and vegetation. This more comprehensive monitoring program has recently been extended through 2010. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive study include biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and bedrock groundwater, and stream bed sediment. Soils for this study were defined as the plow zone of the dry land agricultural fields - the top twelve inches of the soil column. This report presents analytical results for the soil samples collected at the Metro District farm land near Deer Trail, Colorado, during three separate sampling events during 1999, 2000, and 2002. Soil samples taken in 1999 were to be a representation of the original baseline of the agricultural soils prior to any biosolids application. The soil samples taken in 2000 represent the soils after one application of biosolids to the middle field at each site and those taken in 2002 represent the soils after two applications. There have been no biosolids applied to any of the four control fields. The next soil sampling is scheduled for the spring of 2010.\r\n\r\nPriority parameters for biosolids identified by the stakeholders and also regulated by Colorado when used as an agricultural soil amendment include the total concentrations of nine trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc), plutonium isotopes, and gross alpha and beta activity (Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division, 1997; Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment,1998; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993). Since these were the identified priority parameters for the biosolids, the soils have the same set of priority parameters. Although the composite soils' priority analytes have been reported earlier to Metro District, the remaining elemental datasets for both the composite soils samples and selected fields' individual subsamples' data are presented here for the first time. More information about the other monitoring components is presented elsewhere in the literature (http://co.water.usgs.gov/projects/CO406/CO406.html).\r\n\r\nIn general, the objective of each component of the study was to determine whether concentrations of priority parameters (1) were higher than regulatory limits, (2) were increasing with time, and(or) (3) were significantly higher in biosolids-applied areas than in a similar farmed area where biosolids were not applied.\r\n\r\nThe method chosen for sampling the soils proved to be an efficient and reliable representation of the average composition of each field. This was shown by analyzing individual subsamples, averaging the resulting values, and then comparing the values to the composited samples' values. The soil chemistry shows distinct differences between the two sites, most likely due to the different underlying parent material.\r\n\r\nBiosolids data were used to compile an inorganic-chemical biosolids signature that can be contrasted with the geochemical signature of the agricultural soils for this site. The biosolids signature and an understanding of the geology and hydrology of the site can be used to separate biosolids effects from natural geochemical effects. Elements of particular interest for a biosolids signature after application in the soils include bismuth, copper, silver, mercury, and phosphorus. This signat","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091111","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Smith, D.B., and Yager, T.J., 2009, Analytical Results for Agricultural Soils Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (USA): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1111, iv, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091111.","productDescription":"iv, 147 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12757,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1111/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, T. J. B.","contributorId":77256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97582,"text":"fs20093031 - 2009 - Copper: a metal for the ages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-17T10:16:16","indexId":"fs20093031","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3031","title":"Copper: a metal for the ages","docAbstract":"Copper was one of the first metals ever extracted and used by humans, and it has made vital contributions to sustaining and improving society since the dawn of civilization. Copper was first used in coins and ornaments starting about 8000 B.C., and at about 5500 B.C., copper tools helped civilization emerge from the Stone Age. The discovery that copper alloyed with tin produces bronze marked the beginning of the Bronze Age at about 3000 B.C. Copper is easily stretched, molded, and shaped; is resistant to corrosion; and conducts heat and electricity efficiently. As a result, copper was important to early humans and continues to be a material of choice for a variety of domestic, industrial, and high-technology applications today.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093031","collaboration":"USGS Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Doebrich, J., 2009, Copper: a metal for the ages: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3031, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093031.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3031.jpg"},{"id":12725,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":288671,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3031/FS2009-3031.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doebrich, Jeff 0009-0009-3427-0985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3427-0985","contributorId":70508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doebrich","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97567,"text":"sir20095006 - 2009 - Occurrence and distribution of iron, manganese, and selected trace elements in ground water in the glacial aquifer system of the northern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T21:29:46.890404","indexId":"sir20095006","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5006","title":"Occurrence and distribution of iron, manganese, and selected trace elements in ground water in the glacial aquifer system of the northern United States","docAbstract":"

Dissolved trace elements, including iron and manganese, are often an important factor in use of ground water for drinking-water supplies in the glacial aquifer system of the United States. The glacial aquifer system underlies most of New England, extends through the Midwest, and underlies portions of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. Concentrations of dissolved trace elements in ground water can vary over several orders of magnitude across local well networks as well as across regions of the United States. Characterization of this variability is a step toward a regional screening-level assessment of potential human-health implications. Ground-water sampling, from 1991 through 2003, of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey determined trace element concentrations in water from 847 wells in the glacial aquifer system. Dissolved iron and manganese concentrations were analyzed in those well samples and in water from an additional 743 NAWQA land-use and major-aquifer survey wells. The samples are from monitoring and water-supply wells. Concentrations of antimony, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, strontium, thallium, uranium, and zinc vary as much within NAWQA study units (local scale; ranging in size from a few thousand to tens of thousands of square miles) as over the entire glacial aquifer system.

Patterns of trace element concentrations in glacial aquifer system ground water were examined by using techniques suitable for a dataset with zero to 80 percent of analytical results reported as below detection. During the period of sampling, the analytical techniques changed, which generally improved the analytical sensitivity. Multiple reporting limits complicated the comparison of detections and concentrations. Regression on Order Statistics was used to model probability distributions and estimate the medians and other quantiles of the trace element concentrations. Strontium and barium were the most frequently detected and usually were present in the highest concentrations. Iron and manganese were the next most commonly detected and next highest in concentrations. Iron concentrations were the most variable with respect to the range of variations (both within local networks and aquifer-wide) and with respect to the disparity between magnitude of concentrations (detections) and the frequency of samples below reporting limits (nondetections). Antimony, beryllium, cadmium, silver, and thallium were detected too infrequently for substantial interpretation of their occurrence or distributions or potential human-health implications.

For those elements that were more frequently detected, there are some geographic patterns in their occurrence that primarily reflect climate effects. The highest concentrations of several elements were found in the West-Central glacial framework area (High Plains and northern Plains areas). There are few important patterns for any element in relation to land use, well type, or network type. Shallow land-use (monitor) wells had iron concentrations generally lower than the glacial aquifer system wells overall and much lower than major-aquifer survey wells, which comprise mostly private- and public-supply wells. Unlike those for iron, concentration patterns for manganese were similar among shallow land-use wells and major-aquifer survey wells. An apparent relation between low pH and relatively low concentrations of many elements, except lead, may be more indicative of the relatively low dissolved-solids content in wells in the Northeastern United States that comprise the majority of low pH wells, than of a pH dependent pattern.

Iron and manganese have higher concentrations and larger ranges of concentrations especially under more reducing conditions. Dissolved oxygen and well depth were related to iron and manganese concentrations. Redox conditions also affect several trace elements such as arsenic and copper; however, a comparison of redox categories, based in part on iron and manganese concentrations, indicated that the concentrations of many redox-sensitive elements were not significantly different among redox categories. Some of the redox-related patterns were not what would be expected on the basis of solubility constraints. Furthermore, barium is affected by redox conditions in at least one well network even though it is not a redox-sensitive element. Concentrations of barium in portions of the glacial aquifer system are limited by sulfate, which is strongly affected by redox conditions.

Few samples had concentrations of any trace element that exceeded drinking-water standards (Maximum Contaminant Levels), for compounds regulated in drinking water or Health-Based Screening Levels for unregulated trace elements. More unregulated trace elements had concentrations greater than benchmarks than regulated trace elements. More samples had manganese concentrations greater its benchmark than any other element in the glacial aquifer system wells. Of the 1,590 wells sampled for manganese, only 556 are for private or public drinking-water supplies, and of those, 9.9 percent (55) exceeded the manganese Lifetime Health Advisory. Concentrations of arsenic, selenium, and uranium less frequently exceeded Maximum Contaminant Levels. There are 29 wells that had 2 element concentrations that exceeded their respective benchmarks. Most concentrations that exceeded a health-based benchmark were from wells in the West-Central area (Iowa, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas); however, there is little geographical pattern to the wells with element concentrations of concern.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095006","usgsCitation":"Groschen, G.E., Arnold, T., Morrow, W.S., and Warner, K., 2009, Occurrence and distribution of iron, manganese, and selected trace elements in ground water in the glacial aquifer system of the northern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5006, xi, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095006.","productDescription":"xi, 89 p.","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421032,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86701.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12710,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -63.90466201228409,\n 48.51275601223605\n ],\n [\n -126.53974492430241,\n 49.21207458339808\n ],\n [\n -127.47398728729782,\n 36.27565543536504\n ],\n [\n -63.603085670560674,\n 36.27565543536504\n ],\n [\n -63.90466201228409,\n 48.51275601223605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.86974304700584,\n 61.85351161170351\n ],\n [\n -154.86974304700584,\n 57.4497276786976\n ],\n [\n -140.41853610687016,\n 57.4497276786976\n ],\n [\n -140.41853610687016,\n 61.85351161170351\n ],\n [\n -154.86974304700584,\n 61.85351161170351\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69638c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groschen, George E.","contributorId":99132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, Terri 0000-0003-1406-6054 tlarnold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6054","contributorId":1598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Terri","email":"tlarnold@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrow, William S. 0000-0002-2250-3165 wsmorrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-3165","contributorId":1886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"William","email":"wsmorrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warner, Kelly L. klwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Kelly L.","email":"klwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97519,"text":"sir20095095 - 2009 - Estimated Loads of Suspended Sediment and Selected Trace Elements Transported through the Milltown Reservoir Project Area Before and After the Breaching of Milltown Dam in the Upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, Water Year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20095095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5095","title":"Estimated Loads of Suspended Sediment and Selected Trace Elements Transported through the Milltown Reservoir Project Area Before and After the Breaching of Milltown Dam in the Upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, Water Year 2008","docAbstract":"This report presents estimated daily and cumulative loads of suspended sediment and selected trace elements transported during water year 2008 at three streamflow-gaging stations that bracket the Milltown Reservoir project area in the upper Clark Fork basin of western Montana. Milltown Reservoir is a National Priorities List Superfund site where sediments enriched in trace elements from historical mining and ore processing have been deposited since the construction of Milltown Dam in 1907. Milltown Dam was breached on March 28, 2008, as part of Superfund remedial activities to remove the dam and contaminated sediment that had accumulated in Milltown Reservoir. The estimated loads transported through the project area during the periods before and after the breaching of Milltown Dam, and for the entire water year 2008, were used to quantify the net gain or loss (mass balance) of suspended sediment and trace elements within the project area during the transition from a reservoir environment to a free-flowing river. This study was done in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\r\n\r\nStreamflow during water year 2008 compared to long-term streamflow, as represented by the record for Clark Fork above Missoula (water years 1930-2008), generally was below normal (long-term median) from about October 2007 through April 2008. Sustained runoff started in mid-April, which increased flows to near normal by mid-May. After mid-May, flows sharply increased to above normal, reaching a maximum daily mean streamflow of 16,800 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) on May 21, which essentially equaled the long-term 10th-exceedance percentile for that date. Flows substantially above normal were sustained through June, then decreased through the summer and reached near-normal by August. Annual mean streamflow during water year 2008 (3,040 ft3/s) was 105 percent of the long-term mean annual streamflow (2,900 ft3/s). The annual peak flow (17,500 ft3/s) occurred on May 21 and was 112 percent of the long-term mean annual peak flow (15,600 ft3/s). About 81 percent of the annual flow volume was discharged during the post-breach period.\r\n\r\nDaily loads of suspended sediment were estimated directly by using high-frequency sampling of the daily sediment monitoring. Daily loads of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, and zinc were estimated by using regression equations relating trace-element discharge to either streamflow or suspended-sediment discharge. Regression equations for estimating trace-element discharge in water year 2008 were developed from instantaneous streamflow and concentration data for periodic water-quality samples collected during all or part of water years 2004-08. The equations were applied to records of daily mean streamflow or daily suspended-sediment loads to produce estimated daily trace-element loads.\r\n\r\nVariations in daily suspended-sediment and trace-element loads generally coincided with variations in streamflow. Relatively small to moderately large daily net losses from the project area were common during the pre-breach period when low-flow conditions were prevalent. Outflow loads from the project area sharply increased immediately after the breaching of Milltown Dam and during the rising limb and peak flow of the annual hydrograph. Net losses of suspended sediment and trace elements from the project area decreased as streamflow decreased during the summer, eventually becoming small or reaching an approximate net balance between inflow and outflow.\r\n\r\nEstimated daily loads of suspended sediment and trace elements for all three stations were summed to determine cumulative inflow and outflow loads for the pre-breach and post-breach periods, as well as for the entire water year 2008. Overall, the mass balance between the combined inflow loads from two upstream source areas (upper Clark Fork and Blackfoot River basins) and the outflow loads at Clark Fork above Missoula indicates net losses ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095095","isbn":"9781411324251","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Lambing, J.H., and Sando, S.K., 2009, Estimated Loads of Suspended Sediment and Selected Trace Elements Transported through the Milltown Reservoir Project Area Before and After the Breaching of Milltown Dam in the Upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, Water Year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5095, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095095.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12663,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,46.5 ], [ -114.5,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,46.5 ], [ -114.5,46.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdc90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambing, John H.","contributorId":64272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97525,"text":"ofr20091090 - 2009 - Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20091090","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1090","title":"Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2008","docAbstract":"Since late 1993, Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver (Metro District), a large wastewater treatment plant in Denver, Colo., has applied Grade I, Class B biosolids to about 52,000 acres of nonirrigated farmland and rangeland near Deer Trail, Colo. (U.S.A.). In cooperation with the Metro District in 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began monitoring groundwater at part of this site. In 1999, the USGS began a more comprehensive monitoring study of the entire site to address stakeholder concerns about the potential chemical effects of biosolids applications to water, soil, and vegetation. This more comprehensive monitoring program has recently been extended through 2010. Monitoring components of the more comprehensive study include biosolids collected at the wastewater treatment plant, soil, crops, dust, alluvial and bedrock groundwater, and stream-bed sediment. Streams at the site are dry most of the year, so samples of stream-bed sediment deposited after rain were used to indicate surface-water effects. This report will present only analytical results for the biosolids samples collected at the Metro District wastewater treatment plant in Denver and analyzed during 2008. Crock and others have presented earlier a compilation of analytical results for the biosolids samples collected and analyzed for 1999 thru 2006, and in a separate report, data for the 2007 biosolids are reported. More information about the other monitoring components is presented elsewhere in the literature. Priority parameters for biosolids identified by the stakeholders and also regulated by Colorado when used as an agricultural soil amendment include the total concentrations of nine trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc), plutonium isotopes, and gross alpha and beta activity. Nitrogen and chromium also were priority parameters for groundwater and sediment components.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091090","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Smith, D.B., Yager, T.J., Berry, C., and Adams, M.G., 2009, Analytical Results for Municipal Biosolids Samples from a Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado (U.S.A.), 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1090, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091090.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12668,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f59c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, T. J. B.","contributorId":77256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, C. J.","contributorId":52680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, M. G.","contributorId":84812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97495,"text":"ofr20091093 - 2009 - Implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines for Level 3 and 4 PSHAs - Experience gained from actual applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:40:13","indexId":"ofr20091093","displayToPublicDate":"2009-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1093","title":"Implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines for Level 3 and 4 PSHAs - Experience gained from actual applications","docAbstract":"In April 1997, after four years of deliberations, the Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee released its report 'Recommendations for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis: Guidance on Uncertainty and Use of Experts' through the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission as NUREG/CR-6372, hereafter SSHAC (1997). Known informally ever since as the 'SSHAC Guidelines', SSHAC (1997) addresses why and how multiple expert opinions - and the intrinsic uncertainties that attend them - should be used in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses (PSHA) for critical facilities such as commercial nuclear power plants. \r\n\r\nTen years later, in September 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) entered into a 13-month agreement with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) titled 'Practical Procedures for Implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines and for Updating PSHAs'. The NRC was interested in understanding and documenting lessons learned from recent PSHAs conducted at the higher SSHAC Levels (3 and 4) and in gaining input from the seismic community for updating PSHAs as new information became available. This study increased in importance in anticipation of new applications for nuclear power facilities at both existing and new sites. The intent of this project was not to replace the SSHAC Guidelines but to supplement them with the experience gained from putting the SSHAC Guidelines to work in practical applications. During the course of this project, we also learned that updating PSHAs for existing nuclear power facilities involves very different issues from the implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines for new facilities. As such, we report our findings and recommendations from this study in two separate documents, this being the first. \r\n\r\nThe SSHAC Guidelines were written without regard to whether the PSHAs to which they would be applied were site-specific or regional in scope. Most of the experience gained to date from high-level SSHAC studies has been for site-specific cases, although three ongoing (as of this writing) studies are regional in scope. Updating existing PSHAs will depend more critically on the differences between site-specific and regional studies, and we will also address these differences in more detail in the companion report. \r\n\r\nMost of what we report here and in the second report on updating PSHAs emanates from three workshops held by the USGS at their Menlo Park facility: 'Lessons Learned from SSHAC Level 3 and 4 PSHAs' on January 30-31, 2008; 'Updates to Existing PSHAs' on May 6-7, 2008; and 'Draft Recommendations, SSHAC Implementation Guidance' on June 4-5, 2009. These workshops were attended by approximately 40 scientists and engineers familiar with hazard studies for nuclear facilities. This company included four of the authors of SSHAC (1997) and four other experts whose contributions to this document are mentioned in the Acknowledgments section; numerous scientists and engineers who in one role or another have participated in one or more high-level SSHAC PSHAs summarized later in this report; and representatives of the nuclear industry, the consulting world, the regulatory community, and academia with a keen interest and expertise in hazard analysis. This report is a community-based set of recommendations to NRC for improved practical procedures for implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines. \r\n\r\nIn an early publication specifically addressing the SSHAC Guidelines, Hanks (1997) noted that the SSHAC Guidelines were likely to evolve for some time to come, and this remains true today. While the broad philosophical and theoretical dimensions of the SSHAC Guidelines will not change, much has been learned during the past decade from various applications of the SSHAC Guidelines to real PSHAs in terms of how they are implemented. We anticipate that, in their practical applications, the SSHAC Guidelines will continue to evolve as more experience is gained from future SSHAC applications. Indeed, to the extent that every PSHA has its ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091093","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., Abrahamson, N., Boore, D.M., Coppersmith, K.J., and Knepprath, N.E., 2009, Implementation of the SSHAC Guidelines for Level 3 and 4 PSHAs - Experience gained from actual applications (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1093, vi, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091093.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12642,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f71ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norm A.","contributorId":56337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norm A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coppersmith, Kevin J.","contributorId":67188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coppersmith","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knepprath, Nichole E.","contributorId":34228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepprath","given":"Nichole","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97402,"text":"ofr20091045 - 2009 - An Index to PGE-Ni-Cr Deposits and Occurrences in Selected Mineral-Occurrence Databases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20091045","displayToPublicDate":"2009-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1045","title":"An Index to PGE-Ni-Cr Deposits and Occurrences in Selected Mineral-Occurrence Databases","docAbstract":"Databases of mineral deposits and occurrences are essential to conducting assessments of undiscovered mineral resources. In the USGS's (U.S. Geological Survey) global assessment of undiscovered resources of copper, potash, and the platinum-group elements (PGE), only a few mineral deposit types will be evaluated. For example, only porphyry-copper and sediment-hosted copper deposits will be considered for the copper assessment. To support the global assessment, the USGS prepared comprehensive compilations of the occurrences of these two deposit types in order to develop grade and tonnage models and delineate permissive areas for undiscovered deposits of those types. \r\n\r\nThis publication identifies previously published databases and database records that describe PGE, nickel, and chromium deposits and occurrences. Nickel and chromium were included in this overview because of the close association of PGE with nickel and chromium mineralization. Users of this database will need to refer to the original databases for detailed information about the deposits and occurrences. This information will be used to develop a current and comprehensive global database of PGE deposits and occurrences.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091045","usgsCitation":"Causey, J.D., Galloway, J.P., and Zientek, M.L., 2009, An Index to PGE-Ni-Cr Deposits and Occurrences in Selected Mineral-Occurrence Databases (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1045, Report: iii, 16 p.; Database; GIS Files; Text Files; Google Earth Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091045.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 16 p.; Database; GIS Files; Text Files; Google Earth Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":659,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12533,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1045/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180,-90 ], [ -180,90 ], [ 180,90 ], [ 180,-90 ], [ -180,-90 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Causey, J. Douglas","contributorId":41398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, John P. jgallway@usgs.gov","contributorId":3345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"John","email":"jgallway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97356,"text":"sir20085069 - 2009 - Estimation of selenium loads entering the south arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah, from May 2006 through March 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T11:55:21","indexId":"sir20085069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-03-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5069","title":"Estimation of selenium loads entering the south arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah, from May 2006 through March 2008","docAbstract":"Discharge and water-quality data collected from six streamflow-gaging stations were used in combination with the LOADEST software to provide an estimate of total (dissolved + particulate) selenium (Se) load to the south arm of Great Salt Lake (GSL) from May 2006 through March 2008. Total estimated Se load to GSL during this time period was 2,370 kilograms (kg). The 12-month estimated Se load to GSL for May 1, 2006, to April 30, 2007, was 1,560 kg. During the 23-month monitoring period, inflows from the Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation (KUCC) Drain and Bear River outflow contributed equally to the largest proportion of total Se load to GSL, accounting for 49 percent of the total Se load. Five instantaneous discharge measurements at three sites along the railroad causeway indicate a consistent net loss of Se mass from the south arm to the north arm of GSL (mean = 2.4 kg/day, n = 5). Application of the average daily loss rate equates to annual Se loss rate to the north arm of 880 kg (56 percent of the annual Se input to the south arm). The majority of Se in water entering GSL is in the dissolved (less than 0.45 micron) state and ranges in concentration from 0.06 to 35.7 micrograms per liter (ug/L). Particulate Se concentration ranged from less than 0.05 to 2.5 ug/L. Except for the KUCC Drain streamflow-gaging station, dissolved (less than 0.45 um) inflow samples contain an average of 21 percent selenite (SeO32-) during two sampling events (May 2006 and 2007).\r\n\r\nSelenium concentration in water samples collected from four monitoring sites within GSL during May 2006 through August 2007 were used to understand how the cumulative Se load was being processed by various biogeochemical processes within the lake. On the basis of the Mann-Kendall test results, changes in dissolved Se concentration at the four monitoring sites indicate a statistically significant (90-percent confidence interval) upward trend in Se concentration over the 16-month monitoring period. Furthermore, the upward trend at three of the four GSL sites also was significant at the 95-percent confidence interval. Given the large amount of Se removal from GSL of greater than 1,900 kg/year by gaseous flux and permanent sedimentation, the observed increase in both dissolved (less than 0.45 micron) and total (dissolved + particulate) Se in the open-water monitoring sites indicates additional, unquantified source(s) of Se are contributing substantial masses of Se load to the south arm of GSL. Potential source(s) of this unmeasured Se load could include (1) Se loads entering GSL from unmeasured surface inflows; (2) ground-water discharge to GSL; (3) wind-blown dust that is deposited directly on the lake surface; (4) wet and dry atmospheric deposition falling directly on the lake surface; and (5) lake sediment pore-water diffusion into the overlying water column. Electrical resistivity surveys in the south part of GSL indicate areas of potential ground-water discharge to the open water of GSL and elevated (exceeding 10,000 ug/L) Se concentrations have been previously measured in ground water within 1.6 kilometers of the south shore of GSL.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20085069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Environmental Quality/Division of Water Quality, Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Wildlife Resources, and the University of Utah","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Johnson, W.P., Freeman, M.L., Beisner, K., Diaz, X., and Cross, V.A., 2009, Estimation of selenium loads entering the south arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah, from May 2006 through March 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5069, Report: vi, 41 p.; Appendix A (ZIP file), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085069.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 41 p.; Appendix A (ZIP file)","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12415,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113,40.5 ], [ -113,41.5 ], [ -111.75,41.5 ], [ -111.75,40.5 ], [ -113,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbcc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":301806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, William P.","contributorId":107288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Michael L. mfreeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Michael","email":"mfreeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beisner, Kimberly","contributorId":85284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diaz, Ximena","contributorId":71286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Ximena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cross, VeeAnn A.","contributorId":103311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"VeeAnn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97336,"text":"ds379 - 2009 - Biosolids, Crop, and Ground-Water Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004 Through 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:30:53.902352","indexId":"ds379","displayToPublicDate":"2009-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"379","title":"Biosolids, Crop, and Ground-Water Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004 Through 2006","docAbstract":"From 2004 through 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey monitored the chemical composition of biosolids, crops, dust, and ground water related to biosolids applications near Deer Trail, Colorado, in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District. This monitoring effort was a continuation of the monitoring program begun in 1999 in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District and the North Kiowa Bijou Groundwater Management District. The monitoring program addresses concerns from the public about the chemical effects from applications of biosolids to farmland in the Deer Trail, Colorado, area. This report presents chemical data from 2004 through 2006 for biosolids, crops, and alluvial and bedrock ground water. The chemical data include the constituents of highest concern to the public (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, zinc, and plutonium) in addition to many other constituents. The ground-water section also includes climate and water-level data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds379","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metro Wastewater Reclamation District","usgsCitation":"Yager, T., Smith, D., and Crock, J.G., 2009, Biosolids, Crop, and Ground-Water Data for a Biosolids-Application Area Near Deer Trail, Colorado, 2004 Through 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 379, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds379.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/379/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a3be4b07f02db61ec92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Tracy J.B.","contributorId":10861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Tracy J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, James G. jcrock@usgs.gov","contributorId":200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"James","email":"jcrock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":301736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97192,"text":"ofr20081361 - 2009 - Description and Analytical Results for Deposited Dust Samples from a Two-Year Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado, USA, 2006-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"ofr20081361","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1361","title":"Description and Analytical Results for Deposited Dust Samples from a Two-Year Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado, USA, 2006-2007","docAbstract":"Biosolids reclaimed from municipal wastewater have been applied since 1993 on nonirrigated farmland and rangeland east of Deer Trail, Colo., by Metro Wastewater Reclamation District of Denver. The U.S. Geological Survey has monitored ground water at this site since 1993, and began monitoring the biosolids, soils, and stream sediments in 1999. To investigate the possible effects of airborne dust blowing from the application fields, passive dust samplers were deployed in 2006 and 2007. These samplers measured the quantity and composition of dust being deposited downwind of a farmed field where biosolids had been applied, compared to a farmed field upwind of the application area.\r\n\r\nThe dust-deposition rates and dust compositions measured at the two study sites are consistent with rates and compositions measured elsewhere in Utah, Nevada, and California using the same methods and equipment. Higher deposition rates were measured at the biosolids site compared to the control site during 2006. Higher deposition rates at both sites appear to be associated with episodes of cultivation and harvest during dry periods. No consistent differences in elements likely to be associated with biosolids disposal were detected between the sites. However, the contents of copper, lead, and zinc in the dust samples are generally much higher than average values of these elements in crustal rocks and sediments. Such values for dust samples are consistent with measurements on modern dust samples from southern Nevada and California and probably reflect inputs from regional urban and manufacturing activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081361","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M.C., Honke, J.S., Lamothe, P., and Fisher, E., 2009, Description and Analytical Results for Deposited Dust Samples from a Two-Year Monitoring Program Near Deer Trail, Colorado, USA, 2006-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1361, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081361.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12389,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1361/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.73444444444444 ], [ -103.7,39.416666666666664 ], [ -104,39.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dcfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X mreheis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":1196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith","email":"mreheis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Honke, Jeffrey S. 0000-0003-4357-9297 jhonke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-9297","contributorId":1616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jhonke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":301319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul","contributorId":18728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Eric","contributorId":66970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":301321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140561,"text":"70140561 - 2009 - Materials characterization of dusts generated by the collapse of the World Trade Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T11:02:01","indexId":"70140561","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Materials characterization of dusts generated by the collapse of the World Trade Center","docAbstract":"

The major inorganic components of the dusts generated from the collapse of the World Trade Center buildings on September 11, 2001 were concrete materials, gypsum, and man-made vitreous fibers. These components were likely derived from lightweight Portland cement concrete floors, gypsum wallboard, and spray-on fireproofing and ceiling tiles, respectively. All of the 36 samples collected by the USGS team had these materials as the three major inorganic components of the dust. Components found at minor and trace levels include chrysotile asbestos, lead, crystalline silica, and particles of iron and zinc oxides. Other heavy metals, such as lead, bismuth, copper, molybdenum, chromium, and nickel, were present at much lower levels occurring in a variety of chemical forms. Several of these materials have health implications based on their chemical composition, morphology, and bioaccessibility.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Urban Aerosols and Their Impacts","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/bk-2006-0919.ch005","issn":"9780841239166","usgsCitation":"Meeker, G.P., Sutley, S.J., Brownfield, I., Lowers, H., Bern, A.M., Swayze, G.A., Hoefen, T.M., Plumlee, G.S., Clark, R.N., and Gent, C.A., 2009, Materials characterization of dusts generated by the collapse of the World Trade Center, chap. of Urban Aerosols and Their Impacts, p. 84-102, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2006-0919.ch005.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bk-2006-0919.ch005"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2befe4b08de9379b3585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeker, Gregory P.","contributorId":62974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutley, Stephen J.","contributorId":60296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownfield, Isabelle","contributorId":42986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Isabelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bern, Amy M.","contributorId":67625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gent, Carol A.","contributorId":40646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70037248,"text":"70037248 - 2009 - A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:58:33","indexId":"70037248","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado","docAbstract":"Pre- and post-remediation data sets are used herein to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures implemented in the headwaters of the Mineral Creek watershed, where contamination from hard rock mining has led to elevated metal concentrations and acidic pH. Collection of pre- and post-remediation data sets generally followed the synoptic mass balance approach, in which numerous stream and inflow locations are sampled for the constituents of interest and estimates of streamflow are determined by tracer dilution. The comparison of pre- and post-remediation data sets is confounded by hydrologic effects and the effects of temporal variation. Hydrologic effects arise due to the relatively wet conditions that preceded the collection of pre-remediation data, and the relatively dry conditions associated with the post-remediation data set. This difference leads to a dilution effect in the upper part of the study reach, where pre-remediation concentrations were diluted by rainfall, and a source area effect in the lower part of the study reach, where a smaller portion of the watershed may have been contributing constituent mass during the drier post-remediation period. A second confounding factor, temporal variability, violates the steady-state assumption that underlies the synoptic mass balance approach, leading to false identification of constituent sources and sinks. Despite these complications, remedial actions completed in the Mineral Creek headwaters appear to have led to improvements in stream water quality, as post-remediation profiles of instream load are consistently lower than the pre-remediation profiles over the entire study reach for six of the eight constituents considered (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc). Concentrations of aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc remain above chronic aquatic-life standards, however, and additional remedial actions may be needed. Future implementations of the synoptic mass balance approach should be preceded by an assessment of temporal variability, and modifications to the synoptic sampling protocol should be made if necessary.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7427","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R., Bencala, K., Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, K., and Verplanck, P., 2009, A comparison of pre- and post-remediation water quality, Mineral Creek, Colorado: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 23, p. 3319-3333, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7427.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3319","endPage":"3333","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7427"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Mineral Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e370e4b0c8380cd46007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walton-Day, K.","contributorId":14054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176158,"text":"70176158 - 2009 - U.S. Geological Survey research in Handcart Gulch, Colorado—An alpine watershed with natural acid-rock drainage","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70176158,"text":"70176158 - 2009 - U.S. Geological Survey research in Handcart Gulch, Colorado—An alpine watershed with natural acid-rock drainage","indexId":"70176158","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey research in Handcart Gulch, Colorado—An alpine watershed with natural acid-rock drainage"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":97928,"text":"sir20095049 - 2009 - Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation","indexId":"sir20095049","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-26T09:56:11","indexId":"70176158","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey research in Handcart Gulch, Colorado—An alpine watershed with natural acid-rock drainage","docAbstract":"

Handcart Gulch is an alpine watershed along the Continental Divide in the Colorado Rocky Mountain Front Range. It contains an unmined mineral deposit typical of many hydrothermal mineral deposits in the intermountain west, composed primarily of pyrite with trace metals including copper and molybdenum. Springs and the trunk stream have a natural pH value of 3 to 4. The U.S. Geological Survey began integrated research activities at the site in 2003 with the objective of better understanding geologic, geochemical, and hydrologic controls on naturally occurring acid-rock drainage in alpine watersheds. Characterizing the role of groundwater was of particular interest because mountain watersheds containing metallic mineral deposits are often underlain by complexly deformed crystalline rocks in which groundwater flow is poorly understood. Site infrastructure currently includes 4 deep monitoring wells high in the watershed (300– 1,200 ft deep), 4 bedrock (100–170 ft deep) and 5 shallow (10–30 ft deep) monitoring wells along the trunk stream, a stream gage, and a meteorological station. Work to date at the site includes: geologic mapping and structural analysis; surface sample and drill core mineralogic characterization; geophysical borehole logging; aquifer testing; monitoring of groundwater hydraulic heads and streamflows; a stream tracer dilution study; repeated sampling of surface and groundwater for geochemical analyses, including major and trace elements, several isotopes, and groundwater age dating; and construction of groundwater flow models. The unique dataset collected at Handcart Gulch has yielded several important findings about bedrock groundwater flow at the site. Most importantly, we find that bedrock bulk permeability is nontrivial and that bedrock groundwater apparently constitutes a substantial fraction of the hydrologic budget. This means that bedrock groundwater commonly may be an underappreciated component of the hydrologic system in studies of alpine watersheds. Additionally, despite the complexity of the fracture controlled aquifer system, it appears that it can be represented with a relatively simple conceptual model and can be treated as an equivalent porous medium at the watershed scale. Interpretation of existing data, collection of new monitoring data, and efforts to link geochemical and hydrologic processes through modeling are ongoing at the site.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third interagency conference on research in the watersheds","conferenceDate":"September 8-11, 2008","conferenceLocation":"Estes Park, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., Caine, J.S., Verplanck, P.L., Bove, D.J., and Kahn, K., 2009, U.S. Geological Survey research in Handcart Gulch, Colorado—An alpine watershed with natural acid-rock drainage, in Planning for an uncertain future - Monitoring, integration, and adaptation (SIR 2009-5049), Estes Park, CO, September 8-11, 2008, p. 97-102.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328059,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5049/pdf/Manning.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Handcart Gulch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.79267501831055,\n 39.4925165621885\n ],\n [\n -105.7964515686035,\n 39.47688306187988\n ],\n [\n -105.75525283813477,\n 39.46124604730335\n ],\n [\n -105.74907302856444,\n 39.479533055046645\n ],\n [\n -105.79267501831055,\n 39.4925165621885\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b1b2e4b0f2f0cebe7361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bove, Dana J. dbove@usgs.gov","contributorId":4855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"Dana","email":"dbove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":647517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kahn, Katherine G.","contributorId":174149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahn","given":"Katherine G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034471,"text":"70034471 - 2009 - The weathering of a sulfide orebody: Speciation and fate of some potential contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034471","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The weathering of a sulfide orebody: Speciation and fate of some potential contaminants","docAbstract":"Various potentially toxic trace elements such as As, Cu, Pb and Zn have been remobilized by the weathering of a sulfide orebody that was only partially mined at Leona Heights, California. As a result, this body has both natural and anthropogeni- cally modified weathering profiles only 500 m apart. The orebody is located in a heavily urbanized area in suburban Oakland, and directly affects water quality in at least one stream by producing acidic conditions and relatively high concentrations of dissolved elements (e.g., ??500 ??g/L Cu, ??3700 ??g/L Zn). Micrometric-scale mineralogical investigations were performed on the authigenic metal-bearing phases (less than 10 ??m in size) using electron-probe micro-analysis (EPMA), micro-Raman, micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy (??XAS), scanning X-ray diffraction ((??SXRD) and scanning X-ray fluorescence (??-SXRF) mapping techniques. Those measurements were coupled with classical mineralogical laboratory techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Authigenic metal-bearing phases identified are mainly sulfates (jarosite, epsomite, schwertmannite), Fe (oxy-)hydroxides (goethite, hematite and poorly crystalline Fe products) and poorly crystalline Mn (hydr-)oxides. Sulfates and Fe (oxy-)hydroxides are the two main secondary products at both sites, whereas Mn (hydr-) oxides were only observed in the samples from the non-mining site. In these samples, the various trace elements show different affinities for Fe or Mn compounds. Lead is preferentially associated with Mn (hydr-)oxides and As with Fe (oxy-)hydroxides or sulfates. Copper association with Mn and Fe phases is questionable, and the results obtained rather indicate that Cu is present as individual Cu-rich grains (Cu hydroxides). Some ochreous precipitates were found at both sites and correspond to a mixture of schwertmannite, goethite and jarosite containing some potentially toxic trace elements such as Cu, Pb and Zn. According to the trace element distribution and relative abundance of the unweathered sulfides, this orebody still represents a significant reservoir of potential contaminants for the watershed, especially at the non-mining site, as a much greater proportion of sulfides is left to react and because of the lower porosity at this site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3749/canmin.47.3.493","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Courtin-Nomade, A., Grosbois, C., Marcus, M., Fakra, S., Beny, J., and Foster, A., 2009, The weathering of a sulfide orebody: Speciation and fate of some potential contaminants: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 47, no. 3, p. 493-508, https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.47.3.493.","startPage":"493","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476238,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-00409818","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215739,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.47.3.493"},{"id":243562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1d7e4b08c986b32544b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Courtin-Nomade, A.","contributorId":80508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courtin-Nomade","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosbois, C.","contributorId":94075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosbois","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marcus, M.A.","contributorId":84966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcus","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fakra, S.C.","contributorId":60874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fakra","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beny, J.-M.","contributorId":30065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beny","given":"J.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035933,"text":"70035933 - 2009 - Geochemistry of yukon and copper river tributaries, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:52","indexId":"70035933","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemistry of yukon and copper river tributaries, Alaska","docAbstract":"Alaska is already beginning to be affected by changes in global climate which make it a good location to study the feedback effects between climate, the water cycle and the carbon cycle. Using river dissolved elements and Sr isotopes we examine changes and/or differences in chemical weathering between watersheds in predominantly permafrost areas and glacial watersheds. Tributaries of the Tanana, Yukon, Nenana and Copper rivers were sampled during the early snow melt in late May and the late permafrost/glacial melt period in September of 2007. Waters are predominantly CaHCO3-/SO4 which is typical of glaciated terrains. 87Sr/86Sr isotopes indicate three potential end-members, young basalts, radiogenic silicates and marine carbonates. The results are consistent with weathering observed in glaciated regions with trace calcites and salts dominating the dissolved load; however we have evidence for silicate weathering. Results also indicate that permafrost watersheds experience more progressive silicate weathering than glacial watersheds. ??2009 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers","conferenceDate":"17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/41036(342)592","isbn":"9780784410363","usgsCitation":"Carney, M., Ellis, A., Bullen, T., and Langman, J., 2009, Geochemistry of yukon and copper river tributaries, Alaska, in Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, v. 342, Kansas City, MO, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, p. 5857-5863, https://doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)592.","startPage":"5857","endPage":"5863","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)592"},{"id":244374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"342","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a172ae4b0c8380cd553e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carney, M.","contributorId":40826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carney","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, A.","contributorId":10640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.","contributorId":102651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langman, J.","contributorId":43199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032306,"text":"70032306 - 2009 - Geology and geochemistry of the Mammoth breccia pipe, Copper Creek mining district, southeastern Arizona: Evidence for a magmatic-hydrothermal origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70032306","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geochemistry of the Mammoth breccia pipe, Copper Creek mining district, southeastern Arizona: Evidence for a magmatic-hydrothermal origin","docAbstract":"The Copper Creek mining district, southeastern Arizona, contains more than 500 mineralized breccia pipes, buried porphyry-style, copper-bearing stockworks, and distal lead-silver veins. The breccia pipes are hosted by the Copper Creek Granodiorite and the Glory Hole volcanic rocks. The unexposed Mammoth breccia pipe, solely recognized by drilling, has a vertical extent of 800 m and a maximum width of 180 m. The pipe consists of angular clasts of granodiorite cemented by quartz, chalcopyrite, bornite, anhydrite, and calcite. Biotite 40Ar/ 39Ar dates suggest a minimum age of 61.5??0.7 Ma for the host Copper Creek Granodiorite and 40Ar/39Ar dates on hydrothermal sericite indicate an age of 61.0??0.5 Ma for copper mineralization. Fluid inclusion studies suggest that a supercritical fluid with a salinity of approximately 10 wt.% NaCl equiv. condensed to a dilute aqueous vapor (1-2.8 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and a hypersaline brine (33.4-35.1 wt.% NaCl equiv.). Minimum trapping temperatures are 375??C and trapping depths are estimated at 2 km. Sulfur isotope fractionation of cogenetic anhydrite and chalcopyrite yields a temperature of mineralization of 469??25??C. Calculated oxygen and hydrogen isotope values for fluids in equilibrium with quartz and sericite range from 10.2??? to 13.4??? and -60??? to -39???, respectively, suggesting that the mineralizing fluid was dominantly magmatic. Evidence from the stable isotope and fluid inclusion analyses suggests that the fluids responsible for Cu mineralization within the Mammoth breccia pipe exsolved from a gray porphyry phase found at the base of the breccia pipe. ?? Springer-Verlag 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-008-0206-2","issn":"00264","usgsCitation":"Anderson, E., Atkinson, W.W., Marsh, T., and Iriondo, A., 2009, Geology and geochemistry of the Mammoth breccia pipe, Copper Creek mining district, southeastern Arizona: Evidence for a magmatic-hydrothermal origin: Mineralium Deposita, v. 44, no. 2, p. 151-170, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0206-2.","startPage":"151","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214604,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0206-2"},{"id":242344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22e1e4b0c8380cd57403","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, E. D. 0000-0002-0138-6166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":104561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"E. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, William W. Jr.","contributorId":18801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marsh, T.","contributorId":86987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iriondo, A.","contributorId":30823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iriondo","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034804,"text":"70034804 - 2009 - Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034804","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton","docAbstract":"Atmospheric aerosol deposition is an important source of nutrients and trace metals to the open ocean that can enhance ocean productivity and carbon sequestration and thus influence atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate. Using aerosol samples from different back trajectories in incubation experiments with natural communities, we demonstrate that the response of phytoplankton growth to aerosol additions depends on specific components in aerosols and differs across phytoplankton species. Aerosol additions enhanced growth by releasing nitrogen and phosphorus, but not all aerosols stimulated growth. Toxic effects were observed with some aerosols, where the toxicity affected picoeukaryotes and Synechococcus but not Prochlorococcus.We suggest that the toxicity could be due to high copper concentrations in these aerosols and support this by laboratory copper toxicity tests preformed with Synechococcus cultures. However, it is possible that other elements present in the aerosols or unknown synergistic effects between these elements could have also contributed to the toxic effect. Anthropogenic emissions are increasing atmospheric copper deposition sharply, and based on coupled atmosphere-ocean calculations, we show that this deposition can potentially alter patterns of marine primary production and community structure in high aerosol, low chlorophyll areas, particularly in the Bay of Bengal and downwind of South and East Asia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0811486106","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Paytan, A., Mackey, K., Chen, Y., Lima, I., Doney, S., Mahowald, N., Labiosa, R., and Post, A., 2009, Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 106, no. 12, p. 4601-4605, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811486106.","startPage":"4601","endPage":"4605","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476125,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2653564","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215845,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811486106"},{"id":243675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5f6e4b08c986b3269b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mackey, K.R.M.","contributorId":25009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackey","given":"K.R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Y.","contributorId":7019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lima, I.D.","contributorId":87778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lima","given":"I.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doney, S.C.","contributorId":80110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doney","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahowald, N.","contributorId":56878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahowald","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Labiosa, R.","contributorId":33138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Post, A.F.","contributorId":104729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034836,"text":"70034836 - 2009 - Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:41","indexId":"70034836","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls","docAbstract":"The Boyongan and Bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits are part of an emerging belt of intrusion-centered gold-rich deposits in the Surigao district of northeast Mindanao, Philippines. Exhumation and weathering of these Late Pliocene-age deposits has led to the development of the world's deepest known porphyry oxidation profile at Boyongan (600 m), and yet only a modest (30-70 m) oxidation profile at adjacent Bayugo. Debris flows, volcanic rocks, and fluviolacustrine sediments accumulating in the actively extending Mainit graben subsequently covered the deposits and preserved the supergene profiles. At Boyongan and Bayugo, there is a vertical transition from shallower supergene copper oxide minerals (malachite + azurite + cuprite) to deeper sulfide-stable assemblages (chalcocite ?? hypogene sulfides). This transition provides a time-integrated proxy for the position of the water table at the base of the saturated zone during supergene oxidation. Contours of the elevation of the paleopotentiometric surface based on this min- eralogical transition show that the thickest portions of the unsaturated zone coincided with a silt-sand matrix diatreme breccia complex at Boyongan. Within the breccia complex, the thickness of the unsaturated zone approached 600 in, whereas outside the breccia complex (e.g., at Bayugo), the thickness averaged 50 m. Contours of the paleopotentiometric surface suggest that during weathering, groundwater flowed into the breccia complex from the north, south, and east, and exited along a high permeability zone to the west. The high relief (>550 m) on the elevation of the paleopotentiometric surface is consistent with an environment of high topographic relief, and the outflow zone to the west of the breccia complex probably reflects proximity to a steep scarp intersecting the western breccia complex margin. Stable isotope paleoaltimetry has enabled estimation of the elevation of the land surface, which further constrains the physiographic setting during supergene oxidation. Isotopic measurements of oxygen in supergene kaolinite from Boyongan suggest that local paleometeoric water involved in weathering had a ??180 composition of approximately -5.7 per mil. At the latitude of the southern Philippines, this value corresponds to Pleistocene rain water condensing at elevations between 750 and 1,050 m above contemporary sea level, providing a maximum estimate for the surface elevation during weathering of the porphyry systems. Physiographic reconstuctions suggest that the deep oxidation profile at Boyongan formed in an environment of high topographic relief immediately east of a prominent (>550 m) escarpment. The high permeability contrast between the breccia complex and the surrounding wall rocks, coupled with the proximity of the breccia complex to the escarpment, led to a depressed groundwater table and a vertically extensive unsaturated zone in the immediate vicinity of Boyongan. This thick vadose zone and the low hypogene pyrite/copper sulfide ratios (0.6) at Boyongan promoted in situ oxidation of copper sulfides with only modest (<200 m) supergene remobilization of copper. In contrast, higher hypogene pyrite/chalcopyrite ratios (2.3) at Bayugo led to greater acid production during weathering and more complete leaching of copper above the base of oxidation. This process promoted significant (600 m) lateral dispersion of copper down the paleohydraulic gradient into the diatreme breccia comple, ultimately leading to the formation of an exotic copper deposit. ?? 2009 Society of Economices Geologists, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Braxton, D., Cooke, D.R., Ignacio, A., Rye, R.O., and Waters, P., 2009, Ultra-deep oxidation and exotic copper formation at the late pliocene boyongan and bayugo porphyry copper-gold deposits, surigao, philippines: Geology, mineralogy, paleoaltimetry, and their implications for Geologic, physiographic, and tectonic controls: Economic Geology, v. 104, no. 3, p. 333-349, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333.","startPage":"333","endPage":"349","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.3.333"},{"id":243739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbfce4b08c986b32895d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braxton, D.P.","contributorId":107522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braxton","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooke, D. R.","contributorId":99764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ignacio, A.M.","contributorId":69383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignacio","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waters, P.J.","contributorId":103110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032309,"text":"70032309 - 2009 - Copper isotope fractionation in acid mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T08:53:19","indexId":"70032309","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper isotope fractionation in acid mine drainage","docAbstract":"

We measured the Cu isotopic composition of primary minerals and stream water affected by acid mine drainage in a mineralized watershed (Colorado, USA). The δ65Cu values (based on 65Cu/63Cu) of enargite (δ65Cu = −0.01 ± 0.10‰; 2σ) and chalcopyrite (δ65Cu = 0.16 ± 0.10‰) are within the range of reported values for terrestrial primary Cu sulfides (−1‰ < δ65Cu < 1‰). These mineral samples show lower δ65Cu values than stream waters (1.38‰ ⩽ δ65Cu ⩽ 1.69‰). The average isotopic fractionation (Δaq-min = δ65Cuaq − δ65Cumin, where the latter is measured on mineral samples from the field system), equals 1.43 ± 0.14‰ and 1.60 ± 0.14‰ for chalcopyrite and enargite, respectively. To interpret this field survey, we leached chalcopyrite and enargite in batch experiments and found that, as in the field, the leachate is enriched in 65Cu relative to chalcopyrite (1.37 ± 0.14‰) and enargite (0.98 ± 0.14‰) when microorganisms are absent. Leaching of minerals in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans results in smaller average fractionation in the opposite direction for chalcopyrite (&#x394;aq-mino=-0.57&#xB1;0.14&#x2030;\">‰Δaq-mino=-0.57±0.14‰, where mino refers to the starting mineral) and no apparent fractionation for enargite (&#x394;aq-mino=0.14&#xB1;0.14&#x2030;\">‰Δaq-mino=0.14±0.14‰). Abiotic fractionation is attributed to preferential oxidation of 65Cu+at the interface of the isotopically homogeneous mineral and the surface oxidized layer, followed by solubilization. When microorganisms are present, the abiotic fractionation is most likely not seen due to preferential association of 65Cuaq with A. ferrooxidans cells and related precipitates. In the biotic experiments, Cu was observed under TEM to occur in precipitates around bacteria and in intracellular polyphosphate granules. Thus, the values of δ65Cu in the field and laboratory systems are presumably determined by the balance of Cu released abiotically and Cu that interacts with cells and related precipitates. Such isotopic signatures resulting from Cu sulfide dissolution should be useful for acid mine drainage remediation and ore prospecting purposes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.035","issn":"00167","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B., Mathur, R., Dohnalkova, A., Wall, A., Runkel, R., and Brantley, S., 2009, Copper isotope fractionation in acid mine drainage: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 5, p. 1247-1263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.035.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1247","endPage":"1263","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214635,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.035"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbfde4b0c8380cd4e07a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B.E.","contributorId":9479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathur, R.","contributorId":75740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathur","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dohnalkova, A.C.","contributorId":77754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohnalkova","given":"A.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wall, A.J.","contributorId":8686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brantley, S.L.","contributorId":71676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035108,"text":"70035108 - 2009 - The 16th International Geological Congress, Washington, 1933","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T11:27:09","indexId":"70035108","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1582,"text":"Episodes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 16th International Geological Congress, Washington, 1933","docAbstract":"

In 1933, the International Geological Congress (IGC) returned to the United States of America (USA) for its sixteenth meeting, forty-two years after the 5th IGC convened in Washington. The Geological Society of America and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) supplied the major part of the required extra-registration funding after the effects of the Great Depression influenced the 72th U.S. Congress not to do so. A reported 1, 182 persons or organizations, representing fifty-four countries, registered for the 16 th IGC and thirty-four countries sent 141 official delegates. Of the total number of registrants, 665 actually attended the meeting; 500 came from the USA; and fifteen had participated in the 5th IGC. The 16 th Meeting convened in the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Building from 22 to 29 July. The eighteen half-day scientific sections-orogenesis (four), major divisions of the Paleozoic (three), miscellaneous (three), batholiths and related intrusives (two), arid-region geomorphic processes and products (one), fossil man and contemporary faunas (one), geology of copper and other ore deposits (one), geology of petroleum (one), measuring geologic time (one), and zonal relations of metalliferous deposits (one)-included 166 papers, of which fifty (including several of the key contributions) appeared only by title. The Geological Society of Washington, the National Academy of Sciences, and the U.S. Bureau of Mines hosted or contributed to evening presentations or receptions. Twenty-eight of the 16th IGC's thirty new guidebooks and one new USGS Bulletin aided eight pre-meeting, seven during-meeting, and four post-meeting field trips of local, regional, or national scope. The remaining two new guidebooks outlined the USA's structural geology and its stratigraphic nomenclature. The 16th IGC published a two-volume monograph on the world's copper resources (1935) and a two-volume report of its proceedings (1936).

","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Geological Sciences","issn":"07053797","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C., 2009, The 16th International Geological Congress, Washington, 1933: Episodes, v. 32, no. 1, p. 33-40.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243090,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":346309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.episodes.org/journalArchive.do"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba616e4b08c986b320ea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C.M.","contributorId":31115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}