{"pageNumber":"230","pageRowStart":"5725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6232,"records":[{"id":25935,"text":"wri795 - 1979 - Statistical summaries of Arizona streamflow data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T02:04:24.042679","indexId":"wri795","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-5","title":"Statistical summaries of Arizona streamflow data","docAbstract":"

The report includes statistical summaries of streamflow data for 143 gaging stations in Arizona. Statistical summaries are given for all active streamflow-gaging stations at which flow is unregulated, for discontinued stations that have at least 5 years of record, and for a few stations at which the flow is partly regulated. The summaries include (1) log-Pearson Type III flood-frequency data for selected streamflow-gaging stations, (2) annual peak discharges and gage heights and annual volumes, (3) duration tables of daily discharges, (4) lowest mean discharges, (5) highest mean discharges, (6) statistics on normal monthly mean discharges, and (7) statistics on normal annual mean discharges.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri795","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arizona Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Anderson, T.W., and White, N.D., 1979, Statistical summaries of Arizona streamflow data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-5, iv, 416 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri795.","productDescription":"iv, 416 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0005/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"4\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA 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T. W.","contributorId":105686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Natalie D.","contributorId":97064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10870,"text":"ofr79849 - 1979 - Principal facts for borehole gravity stations in wells DC-3, DC-5, and DC-7 at the Hanford Site, Washington, and in well RSH No. 1 on Rattlesnake Hills, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T16:02:09.421899","indexId":"ofr79849","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-849","title":"Principal facts for borehole gravity stations in wells DC-3, DC-5, and DC-7 at the Hanford Site, Washington, and in well RSH No. 1 on Rattlesnake Hills, Washington","docAbstract":"

Borehole gravity surveys were carried out in four wells in the State of Washington by the U.S. Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) in September and October of 1978 using the U.S.G.S. - LaCoste and Romberg borehole gravity meter G-95 (BHGM) (McCulloh and others, 1967a; McCulloh and others, 1967b). The primary objective of this study was to obtain data for the determination of accurate in-situ formation densities in the Umtanum Flow and other flows that might be considered for storage of radioactive wastes (Atlantic Richfield Hanford Co., 1976). Another objective was to obtain accurate densities of the sediments above the basalts and of the basalt interbeds for use in making more accurate interpretations of surface gravity studies throughout the Columbia Plateau.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79849","usgsCitation":"Robbins, S.L., Martinez, R., and Smith, D., 1979, Principal facts for borehole gravity stations in wells DC-3, DC-5, and DC-7 at the Hanford Site, Washington, and in well RSH No. 1 on Rattlesnake Hills, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-849, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79849.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412318,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0849/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0849/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, S. L.","contributorId":49766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez, R.J.","contributorId":19167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.L.","contributorId":41833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25966,"text":"wri793 - 1979 - Regional stochastic generation of streamflows using an ARIMA (1,0,1) process and disaggregation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T08:33:41","indexId":"wri793","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-3","title":"Regional stochastic generation of streamflows using an ARIMA (1,0,1) process and disaggregation","docAbstract":"

An ARIMA (1,0,1) model was calibrated and used to generate long annual flow sequences at three sites in the Juniata River basin, Pennsylvania. The model preserves the mean, variance, and cross correlations of the observed station data. In addition, it has a desirable blend of both high and low frequency characteristics and therefore is capable of preserving the Hurst coefficient, h. The generated annual flows are disaggregated into monthly sequences using a modification of the Valencia-Schaake model. The low-flow frequency and flow duration characteristics of the generated monthly flows, with length equal to the historical data, compare favorably with the historical data. Once the models were verified, 100-year sequences were generated and analyzed for their low flow characteristics. One-, three- and six- month low-flow frequencies at recurrence intervals greater than 10 years are generally found to be lower than flow computed from the historical flows. A method is proposed for synthesizing flows at ungaged sites. (Kosco-USGS)

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri793","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the Susquehanna River Basin Committee","usgsCitation":"Armbruster, J.T., 1979, Regional stochastic generation of streamflows using an ARIMA (1,0,1) process and disaggregation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-3, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri793.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri793.PNG"},{"id":310277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0003/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbruster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":37707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30239,"text":"wri78102 - 1979 - Streamflow simulation studies of the Hillsborough, Alafia, and Anclote Rivers, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-10T16:55:37.052106","indexId":"wri78102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-102","title":"Streamflow simulation studies of the Hillsborough, Alafia, and Anclote Rivers, west-central Florida","docAbstract":"

A modified version of the Georgia Tech Watershed Model was applied for the purpose of flow simulation in three large river basins of west-central Florida. The model was calibrated for six streamflow stations located in these basins using 4 years of historical and current rainfall, runoff, and estimated evapotranspiration data. Watersheds modeled range in size from about 70 to 650 square miles.

Calibrations were evaluated by comparing the following synthesized and observed data: annual hydrographs for the 1959, 1960, 1973 and 1974 water years, flood hydrographs (maximum daily discharge and flood volume), and long-term annual flood-peak discharges (1950-72).

Annual hydrographs, excluding the 1973 water year, were compared using average absolute error in annual runoff and daily flows and correlation coefficients of monthly and daily flows. For stations used in the study, average absolute errors in simulated runoff range from 9 to 21 percent and errors in daily flows range from 48 to 71 percent. Correlation coefficients for monthly flows range from 0.81 to 0.95 and correlation coefficients for daily flows range from 0.68 to 0.87.

Correlation coefficients for simulated and observed maximum daily discharges and flood volumes used for calibration range from 0.91 to 0.98 and average standard errors of estimate range from 18 to 45 percent. Cor-relation coefficients for simulated and observed annual flood-peak dis-charges range from 0.60 to 0.74 and average standard errors of estimate range from 33 to 44 percent. The number of flood events used for calibration varies for each streamflow station, but range from 6 to 18. The number of annual flood-peak discharges used also vary but average about 20 for each station.

On the basis of these results, it is concluded that flood calibrations have been achieved for stations used in this study; however, because of data limitations, calibrations and prediction errors cannot be completely verified until additional rainfall, runoff, and evapotranspiration data become available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri78102","usgsCitation":"Turner, J., 1979, Streamflow simulation studies of the Hillsborough, Alafia, and Anclote Rivers, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-102, v, 161 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78102.","productDescription":"v, 161 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380342,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0102/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Hillsborough, Alafia, and Anclote Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.81356811523438,\n 27.668934069896217\n ],\n [\n -81.69296264648438,\n 27.668934069896217\n ],\n [\n -81.69296264648438,\n 28.352733760237818\n ],\n [\n -82.81356811523438,\n 28.352733760237818\n ],\n [\n -82.81356811523438,\n 27.668934069896217\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":88399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68505,"text":"ha597 - 1979 - Backwater at bridges and densely wooded flood plains, Thompson Creek near Clara, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:31","indexId":"ha597","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"597","title":"Backwater at bridges and densely wooded flood plains, Thompson Creek near Clara, Mississippi","docAbstract":"Floodflow data that will provide a base for evaluating digital models relating to open-channel flow were obtained at 22 sites on streams in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Thirty-five floods were measured. Analysis of the data indicated methods currently in use would be inaccurate where densely vegetated flood plains are crossed by highway embankments and single-opening bridges. This atlas presents flood information at the site on Thompson Creek near Clara, MS: Water depths, velocities, and discharges through bridge openings on Thompson Creek near Clara, MS, for flood of March 3, 1971, are shown, together with peak water-surface elevations along embankments and along cross sections. Manning 's roughness coefficient values in different parts of the flood plain are shown on maps, and flood-frequency relations are shown on a graph. (USGS).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha597","usgsCitation":"Colson, B., Ming, C.O., and Arcement, G.J., 1979, Backwater at bridges and densely wooded flood plains, Thompson Creek near Clara, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 597, 2 maps :col. ;on 2 sheets 70 x 108 cm. and 49 x 104 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha597.","productDescription":"2 maps :col. ;on 2 sheets 70 x 108 cm. and 49 x 104 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":90080,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/597/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90081,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/597/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90082,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/597/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.86749999999999,31.534166666666668 ], [ -88.86749999999999,31.583333333333332 ], [ -85.85083333333333,31.583333333333332 ], [ -85.85083333333333,31.534166666666668 ], [ -88.86749999999999,31.534166666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colson, B.E.","contributorId":71546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colson","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ming, C. O.","contributorId":9266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arcement, George J. garcemen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arcement","given":"George","email":"garcemen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":278345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28502,"text":"wri78112 - 1979 - Water resources of the Port Madison Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T13:41:25","indexId":"wri78112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-112","title":"Water resources of the Port Madison Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"

The study summarized in this report was made to provide Suquamish Tribal leaders with information on the reservation's surface- and ground-water resources. The Tribal leaders need this information to help them manage and protect their water resources against overdevelopment. The quantity of ground water that is estimated to be available for withdrawal on a long-term basis is about 600 million gallons per year in the western part of the reservation and 400 million gallons per year in the eastern part of the reservation. It should be possible, economically and practically, to capture at least 40 percent of this ground water with properly constructed and located wells before it is discharged into the sea. This is enough water to supply at least 5,000 and 3,500 people with domestic water in these respective areas—about four times the present population.

Of nine stream sites that were studied on and near the reservation, the lowest average streamflows for a 7-day period estimated to occur an average of once in 2 years were 1.3 cubic feet per second or less. Streams at three of the sites have been observed dry at least once. The short period of data collection during this study limits the accuracy of statistical estimates of low flows.

Both surface and ground water were found to be of good quality with no unusual or harmful constituents; there was no evidence of major pollution in 1977. In the future, seawater intrusion into the ground-water system and pollution of the surface water by improperly treated sewage waste water could become problems.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri78112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Suquamish Tribal Council","usgsCitation":"Lum, W.E., 1979, Water resources of the Port Madison Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-112, Report: vi, 73 p.; 1 Plate: 22.45 x 21.71 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78112.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 73 p.; 1 Plate: 22.45 x 21.71 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":363783,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0112/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0112/report-thumb.jpg"}],"datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Port Madison Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.625,\n 47.70694444\n ],\n [\n -122.45833333,\n 47.70694444\n ],\n [\n -122.45833333,\n 47.79166667\n ],\n [\n -122.625,\n 47.79166667\n ],\n [\n -122.625,\n 47.70694444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lum, W. E. II","contributorId":81504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29207,"text":"wri78137 - 1979 - Floods in Georgia, magnitude and frequency: Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Georgia with compilation of flood data through 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T22:47:16.612167","indexId":"wri78137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-137","title":"Floods in Georgia, magnitude and frequency: Techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Georgia with compilation of flood data through 1974","docAbstract":"Regional relations are defined for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years on streams with natural flow in Georgia. Multiple-regression analyses were used to define the relationship between the flood-discharge frequency of annual peak discharges for streams draining 0.1 to 1,000 square miles and 10 climatological and physical basin characteristics. The analyses indicate that the drainage area of the basin is the most significant characteristic. Five regions having distinct flood-discharge frequency characteristics are delineated. Individual relations of flood magnitude and frequency to drainage area are given for parts of the main stems of the major rivers without significant regulation draining more than 1,000 square miles. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e708b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, McGlone","contributorId":42964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"McGlone","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30373,"text":"wri7988 - 1979 - Nonpoint-source discharges in Pequea Creek Basin, Pennsylvania, 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T12:28:12","indexId":"wri7988","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-88","title":"Nonpoint-source discharges in Pequea Creek Basin, Pennsylvania, 1977","docAbstract":"

A study of Pequea Creek included measurement of streamflow and collection of water and bottom-material samples during selected base-flow and storm periods from February to December 1977. Samples were analyzed for nitrogen and phosphorus species, suspended sediment, organic carbon, and pesticides. Daily mean constituent concentrations and discharges transported from the basin were computed for a gaging station near the mouth. Intermittent constituent mean concentrations and discharges were computed for storms at the six subbasin sites.

\n

The objective of this project was to assess the magnitudes and types of nonpoint discharges that affect the water quality of Pequea Creek. The project included the determination of (1) the total discharges of suspended sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus from the basin; (2) intermittent storm and base-flow discharges from six subbasin sites of varying size, geology, and land use; (3) the difference in magnitudes of the discharges during base-flow periods and storms; and (4) which variables most affect the transport of these constituents.

\n

The yields measured from the Pequea Creek basin for the period February to December 1977 were among the highest measured in the lower Susquehanna River basin. Some preliminary relations between constituents were examined using linear regression techniques on all of the data for each site. Direct runoff transported the majority of the suspended sediment, total phosphorus, and suspended organic carbon from the basin; the other constituents were transported mainly during base flow. (USGS).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7988","usgsCitation":"Ward, J.R., and Eckhardt, D.A., 1979, Nonpoint-source discharges in Pequea Creek Basin, Pennsylvania, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-88, v, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7988.","productDescription":"v, 110 p.","numberOfPages":"119","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/WRI7988.jpg"},{"id":320774,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Pequea Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.60354614257812,\n 39.53158493558717\n ],\n [\n -76.60354614257812,\n 40.142139942215415\n ],\n [\n -75.83862304687499,\n 40.142139942215415\n ],\n [\n -75.83862304687499,\n 39.53158493558717\n ],\n [\n -76.60354614257812,\n 39.53158493558717\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Janice R.","contributorId":79930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckhardt, David A. daeckhar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"David","email":"daeckhar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5903,"text":"pp1108 - 1979 - Impact of flow regulation and powerplant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River— Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8788,"text":"ofr78528 - 1978 - Impact of flow regulation and power plant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River - Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia","indexId":"ofr78528","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Impact of flow regulation and power plant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River - Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5903,"text":"pp1108 - 1979 - Impact of flow regulation and powerplant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River— Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia","indexId":"pp1108","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Impact of flow regulation and powerplant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River— Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-08T22:43:06.72437","indexId":"pp1108","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1108","title":"Impact of flow regulation and powerplant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River— Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia","docAbstract":"

A calibrated and verified transient flow-temperature model was used to evaluate the effects of flow regulation and powerplant loadings on the natural temperature regime of the Chattahoochee River in northeast Georgia. Estimates were made of both instantaneous and average natural temperatures in the river during an 8-day period in August 1976. Differences between the computed average natural temperature and an independent estimate of natural temperature based on observed equilibrium temperatures were less than 0.5°C. Downstream of the powerplants, the combined thermal effects of flow regulation and powerplant effluents resulted in mean daily river temperatures about equal to or less than computed mean natural temperatures. Thus the thermal impact of heated effluents was offset by the cooling effects of structural regulation. An independent analysis of historical river- and air-temperature data, although considerably less accurate than model computations, provided substantially the same result. The range and rates of change of computed natural diurnal temperature fluctuations were considerably less than those in the river at the time of this study in 1976. The models also were used to simulate summer river temperatures using estimated year 2000 flow conditions and meteorologic data collected during 1976. Except during periods of peak water-supply demand, differences between computed year 2000 river temperatures and observed 1976 temperatures were less than 2°C.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1108","usgsCitation":"Faye, R.E., Jobson, H.E., and Land, L.F., 1979, Impact of flow regulation and powerplant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River— Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1108, v, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1108.","productDescription":"v, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392661,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74370.htm"},{"id":32759,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1108/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta, Whitesburg","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.21295166015629,\n 34.24245948736849\n ],\n [\n -84.13604736328122,\n 34.56764471968292\n ],\n [\n -83.98223876953124,\n 34.768691457552706\n ],\n [\n -83.726806640625,\n 34.75740963726004\n ],\n [\n -83.50982666015624,\n 34.70775131553933\n ],\n [\n -83.47412109374999,\n 34.54954921593403\n ],\n [\n -83.47137451171875,\n 34.51334640147576\n ],\n [\n -84.00009155273438,\n 33.970697997361654\n ],\n [\n -84.36538696289062,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -84.4793701171875,\n 33.73804486328907\n ],\n [\n -84.53430175781247,\n 33.6031820405205\n ],\n [\n -84.70733642578124,\n 33.447484889088855\n ],\n [\n -84.6551513671875,\n 33.351179088043494\n ],\n [\n -84.7540283203125,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n -84.76226806640624,\n 33.18353672893615\n ],\n [\n -84.84191894531249,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -84.8583984375,\n 32.9372338139709\n ],\n [\n -85.02044677734375,\n 32.858825196463854\n ],\n [\n -85.177001953125,\n 32.857671610787456\n ],\n [\n -85.27313232421878,\n 32.88996633815203\n ],\n [\n -85.30746459960939,\n 33.04781007347206\n ],\n [\n -85.26214599609375,\n 33.167444534375925\n ],\n [\n -85.1708221435547,\n 33.23983613293645\n ],\n [\n -85.16738891601562,\n 33.31905344502012\n ],\n [\n -85.07812500000003,\n 33.46810795527894\n ],\n [\n -84.99092102050781,\n 33.49445251114961\n ],\n [\n -84.83230590820312,\n 33.67063988581374\n ],\n [\n -84.70184326171875,\n 33.7597402884442\n ],\n [\n -84.55490112304689,\n 33.91487347147951\n ],\n [\n -84.43130493164067,\n 34.025347738147936\n ],\n [\n -84.35302734375003,\n 34.07882486401267\n ],\n [\n -84.21295166015629,\n 34.24245948736849\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3e81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faye, Robert E.","contributorId":92221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faye","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6057,"text":"pp1137 - 1979 - Comprehensive monitoring of meteorology, hydraulics, and thermal regime of the San Diego Aqueduct, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"pp1137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","title":"Comprehensive monitoring of meteorology, hydraulics, and thermal regime of the San Diego Aqueduct, California","docAbstract":"Water temperature, as well as meteorologic and hydraulic variables which influence the energy budget of the San Diego Aqueduct in southern California, were continuously monitored for a 1-year period beginning July 24, 1973. Incoming solar and atmospheric radiation, windspeed and direction, water temperature, and wet- and dry-bulb air temperatures were recorded at 10-minute intervals at each end of the 26-kilometer concrete-lined canal, while flow-rates and stages were determined at hourly intervals for five locations. Although only daily averaged values are presented in this report, all information necessary for the use and interpretation of these data are presented. Windspeeds were minimum during the early morning hours and maximum during the late afternoon; however, they were variable spatially. On the other hand, incoming radiation and absolute vapor pressure varied little from point to point. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1137","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H.E., and Sturrock, A.M., 1979, Comprehensive monitoring of meteorology, hydraulics, and thermal regime of the San Diego Aqueduct, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1137, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1137.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1137/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33057,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sturrock, Alex M.","contributorId":48948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturrock","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6058,"text":"pp1136 - 1979 - Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9682,"text":"ofr79270 - 1979 - Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","indexId":"ofr79270","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6058,"text":"pp1136 - 1979 - Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","indexId":"pp1136","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T12:46:45","indexId":"pp1136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1136","title":"Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","docAbstract":"A coupled flow-temperature model has been developed and verified for a 27.9-km reach of the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and Norcross, Ga. Flow in this reach of the Chattahoochee is continuous but highly regulated by Buford Dam, a flood-control and hydroelectric facility located near Buford, Ga. Calibration and verification utilized two sets of data collected under highly unsteady discharge conditions. Existing solution techniques, with certain minor improvements, were applied to verify the existing technology of flow and transport modeling. \r\n\r\nThe linear, implicit finite-difference flow model was calibrated by use of a depth profile obtained at steady low flow and unsteady flow data obtained in March 1976. During the calibration period, the model was generally able to reproduce observed stages to within 0.15 m and discharges at less than 100 m 3 /s, to within 5 percent. Peak discharges of about 200 m 3 /s were under-estimated by about 20 percent. During the verification period, October 1975, the flow model reproduced observed stage changes to within about 0.15 m, and its timing and over-all performance was considered to be very good. \r\n\r\nDye was added to the upstream end of the river reach at a constant rate while the river flow was highly unsteady. The numerical solution of either the conservative or nonconservative form of the mass-transport equation did an excellent job of simulating the observed concentrations of dye in the river. \r\n\r\nThe temperature model was capable of predicting temperature changes through this reach of as large as 5.8?C with a RMS (root-mean-square) error of 0.32?C in October 1975 and 0.20?C in March 1976. \r\n\r\nHydropulsation has a significant effect on the water temperature below Buford Dam. These effects are very complicated because they are quite dependent on the timing of the release with respect to both the time of day and past releases.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69990c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, Thomas N.","contributorId":43752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9901,"text":"ofr79253 - 1979 - Simulation of streamflow of Rock River at Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin, to determine effects of withdrawal of powerplant-cooling water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-08T14:14:30","indexId":"ofr79253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-253","title":"Simulation of streamflow of Rock River at Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin, to determine effects of withdrawal of powerplant-cooling water","docAbstract":"

A flow-routing model was used to simulate 44 years of stage data from Lake Koshkonong, Wis., and streamflow data from the Rock River downstream from the lake. The simulation was repeated for five possible degrees of consumptive use, ranging from zero to an annual average of 40 cubic feet per second. A minimum release rule was applied to the simulated operation of the dam at Indianford to guarantee at least the 7-day, 10-year low-flow discharge in the Rock River downstream from Lake Koshkonong.

\n

The simulated stage of Lake Koshkonong with consumptive use at 40 cubic feet per second was as much as 0.42 feet lower than the simulated stage with zero consumptive use for the same period. Duration of drawdown below the regulatory minimum stage of 11.8 feet, occurring once in 10 years, increased from 83 to 132 days as consumptive use increased from 0 to 40 cubic feet per second. 

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Hydrologic investigations in Kansas during fiscal year 1978 consisted of collecting and analyzing data to assess the State 's water resources, describe the framework of hydrologic systems , and provide quantity and quality of water data for optimum development and management. Surface-water studies were made to analyze long-term records of streamflow, basin and stream-channel characteristics, relations of rainfall and runoff , frequency of low flows and floods, interrelation of ground and surface water, and the effects of stream regulation on the quantity, quality, and availability of water supplies. Geohydrologic studies were made to determine the source, availability, quantity, and quality of water in the principal aquifers; evaluate long-range effects of irrigation, industrial, and municipal withdrawals; determine the potential for storage of liquid wastes; and prepare digital models for evaluating plans of aquifer development and management. Water-quality studies were made to define the physical, chemical, and biological character of surface and ground water; the origin transport, and character of solutes and sediment in streams; the areal and temporal changes in water quality; and the suitability of water for municipal, industrial and agricultural use.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e6e4b07f02db4bb7b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGovern, Harold E.","contributorId":9634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGovern","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Combs, L. J.","contributorId":25133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combs","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11676,"text":"ofr791335 - 1979 - Sediment discharge and channel change in the North Fork Teton River, 1977-78, Fremont and Madison counties, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr791335","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1335","title":"Sediment discharge and channel change in the North Fork Teton River, 1977-78, Fremont and Madison counties, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Teton Dam failure flood of June 5, 1976, severely disrupted the geomorphic character of North Fork Teton River in Idaho. Extensive channel restoration was required to contain expected normal spring flows. Six principal sites were established on the 17-mile reach of the river to study sediment transport and channel change during 1977-78. During April 1 to September 30, 1977, total water discharge at Teton Island bridge was 97,530 acre-feet; 4,360 tons of total sediment were transported. Total water discharge, April 1 to September 30, 1978, was 191,940 acre-feet; 10,680 tons of total sediment were transported. Analyses of data indicated several trends of erosion and deposition. Minimal channel change in the upper 7 miles of the river indicated equilibrium may temporarily exist between hydraulic-flow properties and channel shape. Streambed profiles indicated little change in streambed elevations. Erosional tonnage at mid-study reaches was 4,260 tons. One-half mile downstream, an increase of 4,150 tons of suspended and 1,050 tons of bedload sediment probably was partly derived from upstream bank erosion. An estimated 5,870 tons was deposited within the next subreach downstream. Virtually the entire bedload was redeposited before the last subreach, 4.4 miles downstream measured bedload was 91 tons. Suspended-sediment discharge transported past the last site was 16,470 tons. Lateral erosion and deposition in the lower 10 miles of the river indicate that subreaches now shortened by manmade channel alinements may begin to meander. Future deposition of coarse material at upstream gravel and concrete impoundments may trigger instability in the entire river. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791335","usgsCitation":"Williams, R.P., 1979, Sediment discharge and channel change in the North Fork Teton River, 1977-78, Fremont and Madison counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1335, iii, 84 p., 3 over-size sheets :graphs, maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791335.","productDescription":"iii, 84 p., 3 over-size sheets :graphs, maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1335/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39546,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1335/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39547,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1335/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39548,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1335/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39549,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1335/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Rhea P.","contributorId":87114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Rhea","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012411,"text":"70012411 - 1979 - Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:14:48","indexId":"70012411","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas","docAbstract":"

Displacement of the land surface by faulting is widespread in the Houston-Galveston region, an area which has undergone moderate to severe land subsidence associated with fluid withdrawal (principally water, and to a lesser extent, oil and gas). A causative link between subsidence and fluid extraction has been convincingly reported in the published literature. However, the degree to which fluid withdrawal affects fault movement in the Texas Gulf Coast, and the mechanism(s) by which this occurs are as yet unclear.

Faults that offset the ground surface are not confined to the large (>6000-km2) subsidence “bowl” centered on Houston, but rather are common and characteristic features of Gulf Coast geology. Current observations and conclusions concerning surface faults mapped in a 35,000-km2 area between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas (which area includes the Houston subsidence bowl) may be summarized as follows:

(1) Hundreds of faults cutting the Pleistocene and Holocene sediments exposed in the coastal plain have been mapped. Many faults lie well outside the Houston-Galveston region; of these, more than 10% are active, as shown by such features as displaced, fractured, and patched road surfaces, structural failure of buildings astride faults, and deformed railroad tracks. 

(2) Complex patterns of surface faults are common above salt domes. Both radial patterns (for example, in High Island, Blue Ridge, Clam Lake, and Clinton domes) and crestal grabens (for example, in the South Houston and Friendswood-Webster domes) have been recognized. Elongate grabens connecting several known and suspected salt domes, such as the fault zone connecting Mykawa, Friendswood-Webster, and Clear Lake domes, suggest fault development above rising salt ridges.

(3) Surface faults associated with salt domes tend to be short (<5 km in length), numerous, curved in map view, and of diverse trend. Intersecting faults are common. In contrast, surface faults in areas unaffected by salt diapirism are frequently mappable for appreciable distances (>10 km), occur singly or in simple grabens, have gently sinuous traces, and tend to lie roughly parallel to the ENE-NE “coastwise” trend common to regional growth faults identified in subsurface Tertiary sediments. 

(4) Evidence to support the thesis that surface scarps are the shallow expression of faults extending downward into the Tertiary section is mostly indirect, but nonetheless reasonably convincing. Certainly the patterns of crestal grabens and radiating faults mapped on the surface above salt domes are more than happenstance; analogous fault patterns have been documented around these structures at depth. Similarly, some of the long surface faults not associated with salt domes seem to have subsurface counterparts among known regional growth faults documented through well logs and seismic data. Correlations between surface scarps and faults offsetting subsurface data are not conclusive because of the large vertical distances (1900- 3800 m) involved in making the most of the inferred connections. Nevertheless, the large number of successful correlations - in trend, movement sense, and position - suggests that many surface scarps represent merely the most recent displacements on faults formed during the Tertiary.

(5) Upstream-facing fault scarps in this region of low relief can be significant impediments to streams. Locally, both abandoned, mud-filled Pleistocene distributary channels and, more commonly, Holocene drainage lines still occupied by perennial streams reflect the influence of faulting on their development. Some bend sharply near faults and have tended to flow along or pond against the base of scarps; others meander within topographically expressed grabens. Such evidence for Quaternary displacement of the ground surface is widespread in the Texas Gulf coast. In the general, however, streams in areas now offset by faulting show no disruption of their courses where they cross fault scarps. Such scarps are probably very young, and where they can be demonstrated to partly or wholly predate fluid withdrawal, very recent natural fault activity is indicated. 

(6) Early aerial photographs (1930) of the entire region and topographic maps (1915-16 surveys) of Harris County (Houston and vicinity) show that many faults had already displaced the land surface at a time when appreciable pressure declines in subjacent strata were localized to relatively few areas of large-scale pumping. Prehistoric faulting of the land surface, as noted above, appears to have affected much of the Texas Gulf Coast.

(7) A relation between groundwater extraction and current motion on active faults is suspected because of the increased incidence of ground failure in the Houston-Galveston subsidence bowl. This argument is weakened somewhat by recognition of numerous surface faults, some of them active today, far beyond the periphery of the strongly subsiding area. Moreover, tilt beam records from two monitored faults in northwest Houston and accounts of fault damage from local residents demonstrate a complex, episodic nature of fault creep which can only partially be correlated with groundwater production. Nevertheless, although specific mechanisms are in doubt, the extraction of groundwater from shallow (<800-m) sands is probably a major factor in contributing to current displacement of the ground surface in the Houston-Galveston region. Within this large area, the number of faults recognizable from aerial photographs has increased at least tenfold between 1930 and 1970. Elsewhere in the Texas Gulf Coast only a moderate increase has been noted, some of which is possibly attributable to oil and gas production. Surface fault density in the Houston-Galveston region is far greater than in any other area of the Texas Gulf Coast investigated to date. A plausible explanation for these differences is that large overdrafts of groundwater over an extended period of time in the Houston-Galveston region have stimulated fault activity there. Throughout the Texas Gulf Coast, however, a natural contribution to fault motion remains a distinct possibility.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90248-8","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Verbeek, E.R., 1979, Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 373-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90248-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"375","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.30639648437499,\n 32.045332838858506\n ],\n [\n -98.646240234375,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 28.168875180063345\n ],\n [\n -93.61450195312499,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -95.30639648437499,\n 32.045332838858506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9face4b08c986b31e785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verbeek, Earl R.","contributorId":64222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbeek","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7701,"text":"ofr78938 - 1978 - Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Crested Butte coal field, Gunnison County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T23:19:06.278963","indexId":"ofr78938","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-938","title":"Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Crested Butte coal field, Gunnison County, Colorado","docAbstract":"

Available surface-water and ground-water data were compiled for the parts of the Gunnison River basin in and adjacent to the Crested Butte coal field. The data were evaluated to assess the quantity and quality of water resources in the area for use in hydraulic coal mining.

Based on discharge records, surface-water supplies of most streams should be adequate to meet the demands for hydraulic mining of 1 million tons of coal per year with a recycled water system. However, on some of the smaller streams in the area, some storage of water may be required for use during low-flow periods to meet minimum-flow requirements for downstream reaches. Ground water from alluvium along major streams and rivers and, in certain parts of the study area, from the Dakota and Entrada Sandstones, is also a potential source of water for hydraulic coal mining.

The surface and ground water in the study area should be of adequate quality for use in hydraulic coal mining, with the possible exception of Coal Creek which has excessive concentrations of iron, manganese, and zinc. Data are insufficient to assess the potential impact of hydraulic coal mining on downstream water quality.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78938","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., Britton, L.J., and Boyd, E.L., 1978, Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Crested Butte coal field, Gunnison County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-938, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78938.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0938/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0938/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","otherGeospatial":"Crested Butte coal field","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.08333333333333,38.86666666666667 ], [ -107.08333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -107,38.916666666666664 ], [ -107,38.86666666666667 ], [ -107.08333333333333,38.86666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644596","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Britton, Linda J.","contributorId":72780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, Elaine L.","contributorId":103277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Elaine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10500,"text":"ofr78218 - 1978 - Study to determine discharge at 50-percent flow duration and ordinary high water for streams in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T22:53:44.337859","indexId":"ofr78218","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-218","title":"Study to determine discharge at 50-percent flow duration and ordinary high water for streams in Louisiana","docAbstract":"

Techniques are presented for estimating the discharge at 50-percent duration and \"ordinary high water\" on ungaged streams in Louisiana that have drainage areas of less than 3,000 square miles. Discharge data from 91 gaging stations were used in developing the techniques. The discharge at 50-percent duration can be estimated if the drainage-area size and mean annual precipitation are known. The \"ordinary high water\" can be estimated if the drainage-area size, mean annual precipitation, channel cross section, channel slope, and Manning's roughness value are known.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78218","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Office of Highways","usgsCitation":"Neely, B.L., 1978, Study to determine discharge at 50-percent flow duration and ordinary high water for streams in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-218, iii, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78218.","productDescription":"iii, 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407752,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0218/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0218/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Jr.","contributorId":46537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neely","given":"Braxtel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56425,"text":"wdrMI771 - 1978 - Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-10T14:33:24","indexId":"wdrMI771","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MI-77-1","title":"Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1977","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water temperature of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 195 gaging stations; stage only records for 1 gaging station; stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 77 continuous-record stations, 21 partial-record stations and 7 lakes; and water levels for 45 observation wells. Also included are 88 crest-stage partial-record stations and 31 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Michigan.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMI771","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data for Michigan, water year 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MI-77-1, x, 548 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMI771.","productDescription":"x, 548 p.","numberOfPages":"562","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/mi-77-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/mi-77-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c499","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27264,"text":"wri77118 - 1978 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the lower Wisconsin River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T10:17:59","indexId":"wri77118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-118","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the lower Wisconsin River basin","docAbstract":"

Low-flow characteristics of streams in the lower Wisconsin River basin are presented. Included are estimates of low-flow frequency and flow duration at 11 gaging stations; low-flow frequency characteristics at 26 low-flow partial-record stations and 70 miscellaneous sites; and a list of low-flow discharge measurements at 155 miscellaneous sites where insufficient data were available to estimate low-flow characteristics.

\n

Relations are provided to estimate low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites and at sites where one base-flow discharge measurement is available. The relationships were determined from multiple regression analyses that related the low-flow characteristics at gaging stations and low-flow partial-record stations to basin characteristics.

\n

The standard error of estimate is provided for each method of estimating the annual minimum 7-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on the average of once in 2 years and once in 10 years. Standard error provides the user with the expected degree of accuracy for each method.

\n

Low-flow characteristics estimated for the lower Wisconsin River basin have a high degree of reliability when compared with other basins in Wisconsin, Reliable estimates appear to be related to the relatively uniform geologic features in the basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri77118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W., 1978, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the lower Wisconsin River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-118, Report: iv, 80 p.; 2 Plates: 17.00 x 11.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77118.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 80 p.; 2 Plates: 17.00 x 11.25 inches","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56142,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0118/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56143,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0118/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56144,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Baraboo, Portage, Richland Center","otherGeospatial":"Wisconsin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 43.75125720420175\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 43.75125720420175\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 42.79540065303723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, W.A.","contributorId":71555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3252,"text":"cir781 - 1978 - The case of the shrinking channels; the North Platte and Platte rivers in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir781","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"781","title":"The case of the shrinking channels; the North Platte and Platte rivers in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Since the latter part of the 19th century, channels of North Platte and Platte Rivers in western and central Nebraska have changed considerably. In the 365-km reach from Minatare to Overton, the channel by 2969 ws only about 0.1-0.2 as wide in 1865. The 1969 channel for this reach was less braided and slightly more sinuous than the 1938 channel. (No data are available for braiding and sinuosity prior to 1938.) From Overton to lGrand Island the 1969 channel was about o.6-0.7 as wide as in 1865, and various changes in braiding and sinuosity took place between 1938 and 1969. The decreases in channel width are related to decreases in water discharge. Such flow reductions have resulted primarily from regulating effects of major upstream dams and greater use of the river water. Much of the former river channel is now overgrown with vegetation. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir781","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.P., 1978, The case of the shrinking channels; the North Platte and Platte rivers in Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 781, iv, 48 p. : ill., maps ;27 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir781.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. : ill., maps ;27 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0781/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30248,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0781/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668c3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Garnett P.","contributorId":100361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Garnett","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3255,"text":"cir764 - 1978 - Program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T11:00:54","indexId":"cir764","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"764","title":"Program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina","docAbstract":"The design and objectives of the program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina are described. Using water-quality and streamflow data collected since the 1940's, a study is underway to define certain variations in water quality, to quantify the effects of man 's activities on water quality, and to determine long-term trends at key locations on the State 's major river. Data collected from 47 unpolluted stream sites were used to estimate average concentrations for naturally occurring constituents during periods of high and low flow. Methods are described for estimating constituent loads derived from both natural sources and sources of pollution. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/cir764","usgsCitation":"Wilder, H.B., and Simmons, C.E., 1978, Program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 764, iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir764.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm. 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilder, Hugh B.","contributorId":83899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilder","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, Clyde E.","contributorId":71528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4699,"text":"twri07C2 - 1978 - Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri07C2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"07-C2","title":"Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water","docAbstract":"This report presents a model that simulates solute transport in flowing ground water. The model is both general and flexible in that it can be applied to a wide range of problem types. It is applicable to one- or two-dimensional problems involving steady-state or transient flow. The model computes changes in concentration over time caused by the processes of convective transport, hydrodynamic dispersion, and mixing (or dilution) from fluid sources. The model assumes that the solute is non-reactive and that gradients of fluid density, viscosity, and temperature do not affect the velocity distribution. However, the aquifer may be heterogeneous and (or) anisotropic.\r\nThe model couples the ground-water flow equation with the solute-transport equation. The digital computer program uses an alternating-direction implicit procedure to solve a finite-difference approximation to the ground-water flow equation, and it uses the method of characteristics to solve the solute-transport equation. The latter uses a particle- tracking procedure to represent convective transport and a two-step explicit procedure to solve a finite-difference equation that describes the effects of hydrodynamic dispersion, fluid sources and sinks, and divergence of velocity. This explicit procedure has several stability criteria, but the consequent time-step limitations are automatically determined by the program.\r\nThe report includes a listing of the computer program, which is written in FORTRAN IV and contains about 2,000 lines. The model is based on a rectangular, block-centered, finite difference grid. It allows the specification of any number of injection or withdrawal wells and of spatially varying diffuse recharge or discharge, saturated thickness, transmissivity, boundary conditions, and initial heads and concentrations. The program also permits the designation of up to five nodes as observation points, for which a summary table of head and concentration versus time is printed at the end of the calculations. The data input formats for the model require three data cards and from seven to nine data sets to describe the aquifer properties, boundaries, and stresses.\r\nThe accuracy of the model was evaluated for two idealized problems for which analytical solutions could be obtained. In the case of one-dimensional flow the agreement was nearly exact, but in the case of plane radial flow a small amount of numerical dispersion occurred. An analysis of several test problems indicates that the error in the mass balance will be generally less than 10 percent. The test problems demonstrated that the accuracy and precision of the numerical solution is sensitive to the initial number of particles placed in each cell and to the size of the time increment, as determined by the stability criteria. Mass balance errors are commonly the greatest during the first several time increments, but tend to decrease and stabilize with time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/twri07C2","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Bredehoeft, J., 1978, Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 07-C2, vi, 90 p. :ill. ; 26 cm. Reprinted in 1984., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri07C2.","productDescription":"vi, 90 p. :ill. ; 26 cm. Reprinted in 1984.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri7c2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":55947,"text":"wdrNV771 - 1978 - Water resources data, Nevada, water years 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-18T16:00:59.366522","indexId":"wdrNV771","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NV-77-1","title":"Water resources data, Nevada, water years 1977","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Nevada consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 120 gaging stations; stage and contents for 20 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality data for continuing-record stations at 27 stream sites and for partial-record stations at 8 stream sites, 2 lake sites, and 15 wells; and water levels for 165 observation wells. Also included are 106 crest-stage partial-record stations and 13 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Nevada.

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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-885","title":"Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Grand Hogback coal field: Garfield and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"Surface-water and ground-water data were compiled for the parts of the Colorado River and the White River basins in and adjacent to the Grand Hogback coal field. The data were evaluated to assess the quantity and quality of water resources available in the area for use in hydraulic coal mining. Based on discharge records, surface-water supplies of most streams should be adequate to meet the demands for hydraulic mining of 1 million tons of coal per year with a recycled water system. However, on some of the smaller streams in the area, some storage of water may be required for use during low-flow periods to meet minimum-flow requirements for downstream reaches. Other potential sources of water include Rifle Gap Reservoir, Harvey Gap Reservoir, and ground water from valley-fill deposits along major streams and rivers. The surface water and ground water should be of adequate quality for use in hydraulic mining, with the possible exceptions of suspended-sediment concentrations that periodically may be as much as 18,800 milligrams per liter in streams in the Rifle Creek drainage, and dissolved-solids concentrations greater than 20,000 milligrams per liter in some aquifers. Data are insufficient to assess the potential impact of hydraulic coal mining on downstream water quality. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78885","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., Britton, L.J., and Boyd, E.L., 1978, Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Grand Hogback coal field: Garfield and Rio Blanco Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-885, iv, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (66 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78885.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (66 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0885/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35163,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0885/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682f28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Britton, Linda J.","contributorId":72780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, Elaine L.","contributorId":103277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Elaine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38699,"text":"pp813L - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49320,"text":"ofr77609 - 1977 - Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Tennessee region, including part of Tennessee and adjacent areas","indexId":"ofr77609","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Tennessee region, including part of Tennessee and adjacent areas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38699,"text":"pp813L - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region","indexId":"pp813L","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T22:10:25.510843","indexId":"pp813L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"L","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Tennessee region","docAbstract":"

Ground water is an abundant and little-used resource in the Tennessee Region, a 41,000 square mile area dominated by the Tennessee River system and including parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. One-fifth to one-fourth of the precipitation that falls on the region enters the ground-water reservoirs. During the year approximately the same amount of water leaves the ground-water system, sustaining the dry-weather flow of streams. Recharge for the region is about 22,000 million gallons per day or 0.5 million gallons per day per square mile. The major types of aquifers in the region are unconsolidated material (including sand and regolith), carbonate rocks, and fractured noncarbonate rocks. One or more of these aquifer types occurs in each of the six physiographic subdivisions of the region. The productivity of these aquifers depends on their hydraulic properties and on the distribution of these properties. The unconsolidated sand aquifers are the most homogeneous in composition and most predictable in occurrence. These aquifers commonly yield 200 to 600 gallons per minute per well depending on the thickness of sand penetrated.

\n

The most difficult aquifers to predict in regard to depth and yield are the carbonate rocks. In these aquifers it is possible to drill dry holes within a few hundred feet of wells capable of producing several thousand gallons per minute. However, with an adequate reconnaissance study to determine the occurrence of ground water and a planned test drilling program, yields of up to 300 gallons per minute per well can be expected in the carbonate aquifers. Potential yields from the fractured noncarbonate aquifers are lower than in the carbonate rocks.

\n

The chemical and physical properties of ground water in the Tennessee Region are usually within the limits recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water, and the ground water in all but some very shallow aquifers tends to be free of pathogenic microorganisms. Saline water is not known to occur in significant quantities in the region.

\n

In 1970, 173 million gallons per day of ground water were used in the Tennessee Region. This was less than 8 percent of the total quantity of water used in the region and only 0.8 percent of the estimated ground-water recharge. Ground water is used chiefly as a source of water supply for rural areas and small towns. A lesser amount is used by industries and commercial establishments located beyond the limits of municipal water-supply systems. However, there is potential for significantly increased use in order to augment surface-water supplies and to utilize the total water resource more efficiently.

\n

Hydrologic studies and adequate test drilling would greatly increase the chances of locating large amounts of ground water, especially in the nine-tenths of the Tennessee Region that is underlain by either carbonate rocks or fractured noncarbonate rocks which have highly variable water-bearing properties. Collectively, such studies are useful in developing a concept of the hydrologic system which would permit the development of criteria for selecting well sites in other areas with a similar geological and hydrological setting. Hydrologic studies that include test drilling have been conducted in all parts of the region except the Cumberland Plateau.

\n

Some of the basic data necessary for hydrologic studies, such as geologic maps, well records, and streamflow records are available throughout the region. However, detailed information on groundwater levels, ground-water quality, and aquifer characteristics are not equally available throughout the region. This type of information cannot be obtained quickly when it is needed; it must be the product of a continuing program of studies designed to evaluate the Tennessee Region's ground-water resource.

\n

Because of the interdependence of ground water and surface water, water management efforts can be fully effective only if they involve the whole water resource. In the Tennessee Region, surface water is highly controlled, but there is at present no regionwide water-resources management plan that includes ground water.

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