{"pageNumber":"230","pageRowStart":"5725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10465,"records":[{"id":70032175,"text":"70032175 - 2008 - The potential applications of using compost chars for removing the hydrophobic herbicide atrazine from solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032175","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1043,"text":"Bioresource Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential applications of using compost chars for removing the hydrophobic herbicide atrazine from solution","docAbstract":"One commercial compost sample was pyrolyzed to produce chars as a sorbent for removing the herbicide atrazine from solution. The sorption behavior of compost-based char was compared with that of an activated carbon derived from corn stillage. When compost was pyrolyzed, the char yield was greater than 45% when heated under air, and 52% when heated under N2. In contrast, when the corn stillage was pyrolyzed under N2, the yield was only 22%. The N2-BET surface area of corn stillage activated carbon was 439 m2/g, which was much greater than the maximum compost char surface area of 72 m2/g. However, the sorption affinity of the compost char for dissolved atrazine was comparable to that of the corn stillage activated carbon. This similarity could have resulted from the initial organic waste being subjected to a relatively long period of thermal processes during composting, and thus, the compost was more thermally stable when compared with the raw materials. In addition, microorganisms transformed the organic wastes into amorphous humic substances, and thus, it was likely that the microporisity was enhanced. Although this micropore structure could not be detected by the N2-BET method, it was apparent in the atrazine sorption experiment. Overall, the experimental results suggested that the compost sample in current study was a relatively stable material thermally for producing char, and that it has the potential as a feed stock for making high-quality activated carbon. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bioresource Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.026","issn":"09608524","usgsCitation":"Tsui, L., and Roy, W.R., 2008, The potential applications of using compost chars for removing the hydrophobic herbicide atrazine from solution: Bioresource Technology, v. 99, no. 13, p. 5673-5678, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.026.","startPage":"5673","endPage":"5678","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.026"},{"id":242801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baea8e4b08c986b324255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsui, L.","contributorId":86566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsui","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032093,"text":"70032093 - 2008 - Variations in pesticide leaching related to land use, pesticide properties, and unsaturated zone thickness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:42:15.544253","indexId":"70032093","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in pesticide leaching related to land use, pesticide properties, and unsaturated zone thickness","docAbstract":"

Pesticide leaching through variably thick soils beneath agricultural fields in Morgan Creek, Maryland was simulated for water years 1995 to 2004 using LEACHM (Leaching Estimation and Chemistry Model). Fifteen individual models were constructed to simulate five depths and three crop rotations with associated pesticide applications. Unsaturated zone thickness averaged 4.7 m but reached a maximum of 18.7 m. Average annual recharge to ground water decreased from 15.9 to 11.1 cm as the unsaturated zone increased in thickness from 1 to 10 m. These point estimates of recharge are at the lower end of previously published values, which used methods that integrate over larger areas capturing focused recharge in the numerous detention ponds in the watershed. The total amount of applied and leached masses for five parent pesticide compounds and seven metabolites were estimated for the 32-km2 Morgan Creek watershed by associating each hectare to the closest one-dimensional model analog of model depth and crop rotation scenario as determined from land-use surveys. LEACHM parameters were set such that branched, serial, first-order decay of pesticides and metabolites was realistically simulated. Leaching is predicted to be greatest for shallow soils and for persistent compounds with low sorptivity. Based on simulation results, percent parent compounds leached within the watershed can be described by a regression model of the form e−depth (a ln t½−b ln KOC) where t 1/2 is the degradation half-life in aerobic soils, K OC is the organic carbon normalized sorption coefficient, and a and b are fitted coefficients (R 2 = 0.86, p value = 7 × 10−9).

","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0245","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Wieczorek, M., Nolan, B.T., Hancock, T., Sandstrom, M.W., Barbash, J., Bayless, E., Healy, R.W., and Linard, J., 2008, Variations in pesticide leaching related to land use, pesticide properties, and unsaturated zone thickness: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1145-1157, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0245.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1145","endPage":"1157","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214851,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0245"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc183e4b08c986b32a5f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R.M.T.","contributorId":99369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, M.E.","contributorId":79260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nolan, B. T.","contributorId":21565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hancock, T.C.","contributorId":74206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hancock","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bayless, E.R.","contributorId":67639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Linard, J.","contributorId":107120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70032092,"text":"70032092 - 2008 - Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy imaging using a high-resolution linear radon transform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032092","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy imaging using a high-resolution linear radon transform","docAbstract":"Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) analysis is an efficient tool to obtain the vertical shear-wave profile. One of the key steps in the MASW method is to generate an image of dispersive energy in the frequency-velocity domain, so dispersion curves can be determined by picking peaks of dispersion energy. In this paper, we propose to image Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy by high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT). The shot gather is first transformed along the time direction to the frequency domain and then the Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy can be imaged by high-resolution LRT using a weighted preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. Synthetic data with a set of linear events are presented to show the process of generating dispersive energy. Results of synthetic and real-world examples demonstrate that, compared with the slant stacking algorithm, high-resolution LRT can improve the resolution of images of dispersion energy by more than 50%. ?? Birkhaueser 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-008-0338-4","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Miller, R., Xu, Y., Liu, J., and Liu, Q., 2008, Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy imaging using a high-resolution linear radon transform: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 165, no. 5, p. 903-922, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0338-4.","startPage":"903","endPage":"922","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214850,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0338-4"},{"id":242603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a955ee4b0c8380cd8198e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032066,"text":"70032066 - 2008 - Integrating remotely acquired and field data to assess effects of setback levees on riparian and aquatic habitat in glacial-melt water rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T10:12:45","indexId":"70032066","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating remotely acquired and field data to assess effects of setback levees on riparian and aquatic habitat in glacial-melt water rivers","docAbstract":"

Setback levees, in which levees are reconstructed at a greater distance from a river channel, are a promising restoration technique particularly for alluvial rivers with broad floodplains where river-floodplain connectivity is essential to ecological processes. Documenting the ecological outcomes of restoration activities is essential for assessing the comparative benefits of different restoration approaches and for justifying new restoration projects. Remote sensing of aquatic habitats offers one approach for comprehensive, objective documentation of river and floodplain habitats, but is difficult in glacial rivers because of high suspended-sediment concentrations, braiding and a lack of large, well-differentiated channel forms such as riffles and pools. Remote imagery and field surveys were used to assess the effects of recent and planned setback levees along the Puyallup River and, more generally, the application of multispectral imagery for classifying aquatic and riparian habitats in glacial-melt water rivers. Airborne images were acquired with a horizontal ground resolution of 0.5 m in three spectral bands (0.545-0.555, 0.665-0.675 and 0.790-0.810 ??m) spanning from green to near infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Field surveys identified river and floodplain habitat features and provided the basis for a comparative hydraulic analysis. Broad categories of aquatic habitat (smooth and rough water surface), exposed sediment (sand and boulder) and vegetated surfaces (herbaceous and deciduous shrub/forest) were classified accurately using the airborne images. Other categories [e.g. conifers, boulder, large woody debtis (LWD)] and subdivisions of broad categories (e.g. riffles and runs) were not successfully classified either because these features did not form large patches that could be identified on the imagery or their spectral reflectances were not distinct from those of other habitat types. Airborne imagery was critical for assessing fine-scale aquatic habitat heterogeneity including shallow, low-velocity regions that were not feasible or practical to map in the field in many cases due to their widespread distribution, small size and poorly defined boundaries with other habitat types. At the reach-scale, the setback levee affected the amount and distribution of riparian and aquatic habitats: (1) the area of all habitats was greater where levees had been set back and with relatively more vegetated floodplain habitat and relatively less exposed sediment and aquatic habitat, (2) where levees confine the river, less low-velocity aquatic habitat is present over a range of flows with a higher degree of bed instability during high flows. As river restoration proceeds in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere, remotely acquired imagery will be important for documenting its effects on the amount and distribution of aquatic and floodplain habitats, complimenting field data as a quantitative basis for evaluating project efficacy.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1070","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., Black, R.W., Voss, F., and Neale, C.M., 2008, Integrating remotely acquired and field data to assess effects of setback levees on riparian and aquatic habitat in glacial-melt water rivers: River Research and Applications, v. 24, no. 4, p. 355-372, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1070.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"372","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214966,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1070"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c80e4b0c8380cd62db1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, R. W.","contributorId":81943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, F.","contributorId":22167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neale, C. M. U.","contributorId":26523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neale","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. U.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032065,"text":"70032065 - 2008 - Hawaiian cultural influences on support for lava flow hazard mitigation measures during the January 1960 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Kapoho, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:23:36","indexId":"70032065","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hawaiian cultural influences on support for lava flow hazard mitigation measures during the January 1960 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Kapoho, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"

In 1960, Kīlauea volcano in Hawaii erupted, destroying most of the village of Kapoho and forcing evacuation of its approximately 300 residents. A large and unprecedented social science survey was undertaken during the eruption to develop an understanding of human behavior, beliefs, and coping strategies among the adult evacuees (n = 160). Identical studies were also performed in three control towns located at varying distances from the eruption site (n = 478). During these studies data were collected that characterized ethnic grouping and attitudes toward Hawaiian cultural issues such as belief in Pele and two lava flow mitigation measures—use of barriers and bombs to influence the flow of lava, but the data were never published. Using these forgotten data, we examined the relationship between Hawaiian cultural issues and attitudes toward the use of barriers and bombs as mitigation strategies to protect Kapoho.

\n

On average, 72% of respondents favored the construction of earthen barriers to hold back or divert lava and protect Kapoho, but far fewer agreed with the military's use of bombs (14%) to protect Kapoho. In contrast, about one-third of respondents conditionally agreed with the use of bombs. It is suggested that local participation in the bombing strategy may explain the increased conditional acceptance of bombs as a mitigation tool, although this can not be conclusively demonstrated. Belief in Pele and being of Hawaiian ethnicity did not reduce support for the use of barriers, but did reduce support for bombs in both bombing scenarios. The disparity in levels of acceptance of barriers versus bombing and of one bombing strategy versus another suggests that historically public attitudes toward lava flow hazard mitigation strategies were complex. A modern comparative study is needed before the next damaging eruption to inform debates and decisions about whether or not to interfere with the flow of lava. Recent changes in the current eruption of Kīlauea make this a timely topic.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.025","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gregg, C., Houghton, B.F., Paton, D., Swanson, D.A., Lachman, R., and Bonk, W., 2008, Hawaiian cultural influences on support for lava flow hazard mitigation measures during the January 1960 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Kapoho, Hawai‘i: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 172, no. 3-4, p. 300-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.025.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"307","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214934,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.025"},{"id":242695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","city":"Kapoho","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.86450958251953,\n 20.754508665169574\n ],\n [\n -156.86450958251953,\n 20.789177398935124\n ],\n [\n -156.8181610107422,\n 20.789177398935124\n ],\n [\n -156.8181610107422,\n 20.754508665169574\n ],\n [\n -156.86450958251953,\n 20.754508665169574\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"172","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fb6e4b0c8380cd5cfff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, Chris E.","contributorId":40397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Chris E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paton, Douglas","contributorId":64861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paton","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lachman, R.","contributorId":86581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonk, W.J.","contributorId":93721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonk","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032010,"text":"70032010 - 2008 - A Visual Basic program to plot sediment grain-size data on ternary diagrams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T15:20:42","indexId":"70032010","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Visual Basic program to plot sediment grain-size data on ternary diagrams","docAbstract":"

Sedimentologic datasets are typically large and compiled into tables or databases, but pure numerical information can be difficult to understand and interpret. Thus, scientists commonly use graphical representations to reduce complexities, recognize trends and patterns in the data, and develop hypotheses. Of the graphical techniques, one of the most common methods used by sedimentologists is to plot the basic gravel, sand, silt, and clay percentages on equilateral triangular diagrams. This means of presenting data is simple and facilitates rapid classification of sediments and comparison of samples.

The original classification scheme developed by Shepard (1954) used a single ternary diagram with sand, silt, and clay in the corners and 10 categories to graphically show the relative proportions among these three grades within a sample. This scheme, however, did not allow for sediments with significant amounts of gravel. Therefore, Shepard's classification scheme was later modified by the addition of a second ternary diagram with two categories to account for gravel and gravelly sediment (Schlee, 1973). The system devised by Folk (1954, 1974)\\ is also based on two triangular diagrams, but it has 21 categories and uses the term mud (defined as silt plus clay). Patterns within the triangles of both systems differ, as does the emphasis placed on gravel. For example, in the system described by Shepard, gravelly sediments have more than 10% gravel; in Folk's system, slightly gravelly sediments have as little as 0.01% gravel. Folk's classification scheme stresses gravel because its concentration is a function of the highest current velocity at the time of deposition as is the maximum grain size of the detritus that is available; Shepard's classification scheme emphasizes the ratios of sand, silt, and clay because they reflect sorting and reworking (Poppe et al., 2005).

The program described herein (SEDPLOT) generates verbal equivalents and ternary diagrams to characterize sediment grain-size distributions. It is written in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and provides a window to facilitate program execution. The inputs for the sediment fractions are percentages of gravel, sand, silt, and clay in the Wentworth (1922) grade scale, and the program permits the user to select output in either the Shepard (1954) classification scheme, modified as described above, or the Folk (1954, 1974) scheme. Users select options primarily with mouse-click events and through interactive dialogue boxes. This program is intended as a companion to other Visual Basic software we have developed to process sediment data (Poppe et al., 2003, 2004).

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2007.03.019","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., and Eliason, A., 2008, A Visual Basic program to plot sediment grain-size data on ternary diagrams: Computers & Geosciences, v. 34, no. 5, p. 561-565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.03.019.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"565","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2241","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e314e4b0c8380cd45def","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eliason, A.H.","contributorId":40972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032007,"text":"70032007 - 2008 - Detection rates of the MODIS active fire product in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:31:34","indexId":"70032007","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection rates of the MODIS active fire product in the United States","docAbstract":"MODIS active fire data offer new information about global fire patterns. However, uncertainties in detection rates can render satellite-derived fire statistics difficult to interpret. We evaluated the MODIS 1??km daily active fire product to quantify detection rates for both Terra and Aqua MODIS sensors, examined how cloud cover and fire size affected detection rates, and estimated how detection rates varied across the United States. MODIS active fire detections were compared to 361 reference fires (??? 18??ha) that had been delineated using pre- and post-fire Landsat imagery. Reference fires were considered detected if at least one MODIS active fire pixel occurred within 1??km of the edge of the fire. When active fire data from both Aqua and Terra were combined, 82% of all reference fires were found, but detection rates were less for Aqua and Terra individually (73% and 66% respectively). Fires not detected generally had more cloudy days, but not when the Aqua data were considered exclusively. MODIS detection rates decreased with fire size, and the size at which 50% of all fires were detected was 105??ha when combining Aqua and Terra (195??ha for Aqua and 334??ha for Terra alone). Across the United States, detection rates were greatest in the West, lower in the Great Plains, and lowest in the East. The MODIS active fire product captures large fires in the U.S. well, but may under-represent fires in areas with frequent cloud cover or rapidly burning, small, and low-intensity fires. We recommend that users of the MODIS active fire data perform individual validations to ensure that all relevant fires are included. ?? 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.008","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Hawbaker, T., Radeloff, V.C., Syphard, A., Zhu, Z., and Stewart, S.I., 2008, Detection rates of the MODIS active fire product in the United States: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 112, no. 5, p. 2656-2664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2656","endPage":"2664","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215055,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.008"}],"volume":"112","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff7de4b0c8380cd4f20a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawbaker, T. J.","contributorId":98118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radeloff, V. C.","contributorId":58467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radeloff","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Syphard, A.D.","contributorId":68950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syphard","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stewart, S. I.","contributorId":99779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031953,"text":"70031953 - 2008 - Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031953","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco","docAbstract":"Groundwater and surface water in Souss-Massa basin in the west-southern part of Morocco is characterized by a large variation in salinity, up to levels of 37 g L-1. The high salinity coupled with groundwater level decline pose serious problems for current irrigation and domestic water supplies as well as future exploitation. A combined hydrogeologic and isotopic investigation using several chemical and isotopic tracers such as Br/Cl, ??18O, ??2H, 3H, 87Sr/86Sr, ??11B, and 14C was carried out in order to determine the sources of water recharge to the aquifer, the origin of salinity, and the residence time of water. Stable isotope, 3H and 14C data indicate that the high Atlas mountains in the northern margin of the Souss-Massa basin with high rainfall and low ??18O and ??2H values (-6 to -8??? and -36 to -50???) is currently constitute the major source of recharge to the Souss-Massa shallow aquifer, particularly along the eastern part of the basin. Localized stable isotope enrichments offset meteoric isotopic signature and are associated with high nitrate concentrations, which infer water recycling via water agricultural return flows. The 3H and 14C data suggest that the residence time of water in the western part of the basin is in the order of several thousands of years; hence old water is mined, particularly in the coastal areas. The multiple isotope analyses and chemical tracing of groundwater from the basin reveal that seawater intrusion is just one of multiple salinity sources that affect the quality of groundwater in the Souss-Massa aquifer. We differentiate between modern seawater intrusion, salinization by remnants of seawater entrapped in the middle Souss plains, recharge of nitrate-rich agricultural return flow, and dissolution of evaporate rocks (gypsum and halite minerals) along the outcrops of the high Atlas mountains. The data generated in this study provide the framework for a comprehensive management plan in which water exploitation should shift toward the eastern part of the basin where current recharge occurs with young and high quality groundwater. In contrast, we argued that the heavily exploited aquifer along the coastal areas is more vulnerable given the relatively longer residence time of the water and salinization processes in this part of the aquifer. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bouchaou, L., Michelot, J., Vengosh, A., Hsissou, Y., Qurtobi, M., Gaye, C., Bullen, T., and Zuppi, G., 2008, Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco: Journal of Hydrology, v. 352, no. 3-4, p. 267-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022.","startPage":"267","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022"},{"id":242525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"352","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca8e4b0c8380cd493fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouchaou, L.","contributorId":51556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchaou","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michelot, J.L.","contributorId":58483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michelot","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vengosh, A.","contributorId":88925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vengosh","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hsissou, Y.","contributorId":22596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsissou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qurtobi, M.","contributorId":78957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qurtobi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaye, C.B.","contributorId":56017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaye","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zuppi, G.M.","contributorId":66079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuppi","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70031949,"text":"70031949 - 2008 - Ecological community integration increases with added trophic complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:38:56","indexId":"70031949","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1452,"text":"Ecological Complexity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological community integration increases with added trophic complexity","docAbstract":"

The existence of functional biological organization at the level of multi-species communities has long been contested in ecology and evolutionary biology. I found that adding a trophic level to simulated ecological communities enhanced their ability to compete at the community level, increasing the likelihood of one community forcing all or most species in a second community to extinction. Community-level identity emerged within systems of interacting ecological networks, while competitive ability at the community level was enhanced by intense within-community selection pressure. These results suggest a reassessment of the nature of biological organization above the level of species, indicating that the drive toward biological integration, so prominent throughout the history of life, might extend to multi-species communities.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.10.004","issn":"1476945X","usgsCitation":"Wright, C.K., 2008, Ecological community integration increases with added trophic complexity: Ecological Complexity, v. 5, no. 2, p. 140-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.10.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.10.004"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a054ae4b0c8380cd50d32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Christopher K.","contributorId":45566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031946,"text":"70031946 - 2008 - Scientific and public responses to the ongoing volcanic crisis at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico: Importance of an effective hazards-warning system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T10:12:05","indexId":"70031946","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scientific and public responses to the ongoing volcanic crisis at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico: Importance of an effective hazards-warning system","docAbstract":"

Volcanic eruptions and other potentially hazardous natural phenomena occur independently of any human actions. However, such phenomena can cause disasters when a society fails to foresee the hazardous manifestations and adopt adequate measures to reduce its vulnerability. One of the causes of such a failure is the lack of a consistent perception of the changing hazards posed by an ongoing eruption, i.e., with members of the scientific community, the Civil Protection authorities and the general public having diverging notions about what is occurring and what may happen. The problem of attaining a perception of risk as uniform as possible in a population measured in millions during an evolving eruption requires searching for communication tools that can describe—as simply as possible—the relations between the level of threat posed by the volcano, and the level of response of the authorities and the public. The hazards-warning system adopted at Popocatépetl Volcano, called the Volcanic Traffic Light Alert System(VTLAS), is a basic communications protocol that translates volcano threat into seven levels of preparedness for the emergency-management authorities, but only three levels of alert for the public (color coded green–yellow–red). The changing status of the volcano threat is represented as the most likely scenarios according to the opinions of an official scientific committee analyzing all available data. The implementation of the VTLAS was intended to reduce the possibility of ambiguous interpretations of intermediate levels by the endangered population. Although the VTLAS is imperfect and has not solved all problems involved in mass communication and decision-making during a volcanic crisis, it marks a significant advance in the management of volcanic crises in Mexico.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.002","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"De la Cruz-Reyna, S., and Tilling, R.I., 2008, Scientific and public responses to the ongoing volcanic crisis at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico: Importance of an effective hazards-warning system: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 170, no. 1-2, p. 121-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"134","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.002"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Popocatepetl Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 18.977727312447804\n ],\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 19.073799352002716\n ],\n [\n -98.55422973632812,\n 19.073799352002716\n ],\n [\n -98.55422973632812,\n 18.977727312447804\n ],\n [\n -98.68675231933594,\n 18.977727312447804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"170","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8780e4b08c986b3164ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De la Cruz-Reyna, Servando","contributorId":67650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De la Cruz-Reyna","given":"Servando","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":433836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031923,"text":"70031923 - 2008 - Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70031923","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?","docAbstract":"It has been proposed that the spatial distribution of mineral deposits is bifractal. An implication of this property is that the number of deposits in a permissive area is a function of the shape of the area. This is because the fractal density functions of deposits are dependent on the distance from known deposits. A long thin permissive area with most of the deposits in one end, such as the Alaskan porphyry permissive area, has a major portion of the area far from known deposits and consequently a low density of deposits associated with most of the permissive area. On the other hand, a more equi-dimensioned permissive area, such as the Arizona porphyry permissive area, has a more uniform density of deposits. Another implication of the fractal distribution is that the Poisson assumption typically used for estimating deposit numbers is invalid. Based on datasets of mineral deposits classified by type as inputs, the distributions of many different deposit types are found to have characteristically two fractal dimensions over separate non-overlapping spatial scales in the range of 5-1000 km. In particular, one typically observes a local dimension at spatial scales less than 30-60 km, and a regional dimension at larger spatial scales. The deposit type, geologic setting, and sample size influence the fractal dimensions. The consequence of the geologic setting can be diminished by using deposits classified by type. The crossover point between the two fractal domains is proportional to the median size of the deposit type. A plot of the crossover points for porphyry copper deposits from different geologic domains against median deposit sizes defines linear relationships and identifies regions that are significantly underexplored. Plots of the fractal dimension can also be used to define density functions from which the number of undiscovered deposits can be estimated. This density function is only dependent on the distribution of deposits and is independent of the definition of the permissive area. Density functions for porphyry copper deposits appear to be significantly different for regions in the Andes, Mexico, United States, and western Canada. Consequently, depending on which regional density function is used, quite different estimates of numbers of undiscovered deposits can be obtained. These fractal properties suggest that geologic studies based on mapping at scales of 1:24,000 to 1:100,000 may not recognize processes that are important in the formation of mineral deposits at scales larger than the crossover points at 30-60 km. ?? 2008 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Raines, G.L., 2008, Are fractal dimensions of the spatial distribution of mineral deposits meaningful?: Natural Resources Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-008-9067-8"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed5be4b0c8380cd4976a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, G. L.","contributorId":90720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"G.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031889,"text":"70031889 - 2008 - Modeling unobserved sources of heterogeneity in animal abundance using a Dirichlet process prior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031889","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling unobserved sources of heterogeneity in animal abundance using a Dirichlet process prior","docAbstract":"In surveys of natural populations of animals, a sampling protocol is often spatially replicated to collect a representative sample of the population. In these surveys, differences in abundance of animals among sample locations may induce spatial heterogeneity in the counts associated with a particular sampling protocol. For some species, the sources of heterogeneity in abundance may be unknown or unmeasurable, leading one to specify the variation in abundance among sample locations stochastically. However, choosing a parametric model for the distribution of unmeasured heterogeneity is potentially subject to error and can have profound effects on predictions of abundance at unsampled locations. In this article, we develop an alternative approach wherein a Dirichlet process prior is assumed for the distribution of latent abundances. This approach allows for uncertainty in model specification and for natural clustering in the distribution of abundances in a data-adaptive way. We apply this approach in an analysis of counts based on removal samples of an endangered fish species, the Okaloosa darter. Results of our data analysis and simulation studies suggest that our implementation of the Dirichlet process prior has several attractive features not shared by conventional, fully parametric alternatives. ?? 2008, The International Biometric Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00873.x","issn":"0006341X","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., Mukherjee, B., Zhang, L., Ghosh, M., Jelks, H., and Jordan, F., 2008, Modeling unobserved sources of heterogeneity in animal abundance using a Dirichlet process prior: Biometrics, v. 64, no. 2, p. 635-644, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00873.x.","startPage":"635","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214804,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00873.x"}],"volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c59e4b0c8380cd6fc09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mukherjee, B.","contributorId":106330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukherjee","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ghosh, M.","contributorId":34342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghosh","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jelks, H.L. 0000-0002-0672-6297","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":12000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":80622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031851,"text":"70031851 - 2008 - Non-spore forming eubacteria isolated at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere: extended incubation periods needed for culture-based assays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T09:35:44","indexId":"70031851","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-spore forming eubacteria isolated at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere: extended incubation periods needed for culture-based assays","docAbstract":"

On 13 August 2004, an atmospheric sample was collected at an altitude of 20,000 m along a west to east transect over the continental United States by NASA’s Stratospheric and Cosmic Dust Program. This sample was then shipped to the US Geological Survey’s Global Desert Dust program for microbiological analyses. This sample, which was plated on a low nutrient agar to determine if cultivable microorganisms were present, produced 590 small yellow to off-white colonies after approximately 7 weeks of incubation at room-temperature. Of 50 colonies selected for identification using 16S rRNA sequencing, 41 belonged to the family Micrococcaceae, seven to the family Microbacteriaceae, one to the genus Staphylococcus, and one to the genus Brevibacterium. All of the isolates identified were non-spore-forming pigmented bacteria, and their presence in this sample illustrate that it is not unusual to recover viable microbes at extreme altitudes. Additionally, the extended period required to initiate growth demonstrates the need for lengthy incubation periods when analyzing high-altitude samples for cultivable microorganisms.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aerobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10453-007-9078-7","issn":"03935965","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., 2008, Non-spore forming eubacteria isolated at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere: extended incubation periods needed for culture-based assays: Aerobiologia, v. 24, no. 1, p. 19-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-007-9078-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10453-007-9078-7"},{"id":242520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6766e4b0c8380cd732ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031795,"text":"70031795 - 2008 - Comparison of rainbow smelt age estimates from fin rays and otoliths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70031795","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of rainbow smelt age estimates from fin rays and otoliths","docAbstract":"Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, although nonnative, are an important component of the offshore food web in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In Lake Ontario, we estimate ages of rainbow smelt annually to study population dynamics such as year-class strength and age-specific growth and mortality. Since the early 1980s, we have used pectoral fin rays to estimate rainbow smelt ages, but the sectioning and mounting of fin rays are time and labor intensive. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of using otoliths rather than fin rays to estimate rainbow smelt ages. Three readers interpreted the ages of 172 rainbow smelt (60-198 mm total length) based on thin sections of pectoral fin rays, whole otoliths with no preparation, and whole otoliths that had been cleared for 1 month in a 70:30 ethanol : glycerin solution. Bias was lower and precision was greater for fin rays than for otoliths; these results were consistent for comparisons within readers (first and second readings by one individual; three readers were used) and between readers (one reading for each reader within a pair). Both otolith methods appeared to misclassify age-1 rainbow smelt. Fin ray ages had the highest precision and provided the best approximation of age estimates inferred from the Lake Ontario population's length frequency distribution and from our understanding of this population. ?? American Fisheries Society 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M06-292.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Walsh, M.G., Maloy, A., and O’Brien, T.P., 2008, Comparison of rainbow smelt age estimates from fin rays and otoliths: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 28, no. 1, p. 42-49, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-292.1.","startPage":"42","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-292.1"},{"id":240053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f886e4b0c8380cd4d170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, M. G.","contributorId":72172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maloy, A.P.","contributorId":56850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloy","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, T. P.","contributorId":22146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031779,"text":"70031779 - 2008 - Observations of mixed-aged litters in brown bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T10:20:06","indexId":"70031779","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of mixed-aged litters in brown bears","docAbstract":"

We report on 3 cases of mixed-aged litters (young born in different years) in brown bears (Ursus arctos); in 1 instance the cub-of-the-year (hereafter called cubs) died in the den. Two cases occurred in Sweden after mothers were separated from their young during the breeding season. In one, the mother was separated from the accompanying cub for at least 12.5 hours and possibly up to 3.3 days, and later possibly separated for 4 days. In the other, the mother was separated from her yearling at least 3 times for 1-14, 1-6 and 1-6 days. She was with a male during the first separation. Specific events that produced the mixed-aged litter observed in Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem were unknown and our interpretation is based on estimates of ages of accompanying young from photographs. The observation of only 2 mixed-aged litters, after den emergence, from a sample of 406 observed cub litters accompanying radiomarked females confirms the rarity of this phenomenon. The mechanism apparently includes a short separation of mother and young, and, in the case of cubs, the mother must mate while lactating. Better understanding of the physiological mechanisms that allow mixed-age litters would help us in the debate about the occurrence of sexually selected infanticide in bears.

","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","doi":"10.2192/07SC017R.1","usgsCitation":"Swenson, J.E., and Haroldson, M., 2008, Observations of mixed-aged litters in brown bears: Ursus, v. 19, no. 1, p. 73-79, https://doi.org/10.2192/07SC017R.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2192/07SC017R.1"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a98e4b0c8380cd74272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swenson, J. E.","contributorId":45518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swenson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haroldson, M.A. 0000-0002-7457-7676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":108047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030649,"text":"70030649 - 2008 - Electromagnetic surveying of seafloor mounds in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T13:48:41","indexId":"70030649","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electromagnetic surveying of seafloor mounds in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"

Seafloor controlled source electromagnetic data, probing the uppermost 30 m of seafloor sediments, have been collected with a towed magnetic dipole-dipole system across two seafloor mounds at approximately 1300 m water depth in the northern Gulf of Mexico. One of these mounds was the focus of??a recent gas hydrate research drilling program. Rather than the highly resistive response expected of massive gas hydrate within the confines of the mounds, the EM data are dominated by the effects of raised temperatures and pore fluid salinities that result in an electrically conductive seafloor. This structure suggests that fluid advection towards the seafloor is taking place beneath both mounds. Similar responses are seen at discrete locations away from the mounds in areas that might be associated with faults, further suggesting substantial shallow fluid circulation. Raised temperatures and salinities may inhibit gas hydrate formation at depth as has been suggested at other similar locations in the Gulf of Mexico. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.12.006","issn":"02648","usgsCitation":"Ellis, M., Evans, R., Hutchinson, D., Hart, P., Gardner, J., and Hagen, R., 2008, Electromagnetic surveying of seafloor mounds in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 960-968, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.12.006.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"960","endPage":"968","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -96.0205078125,\n 28.34306490482549\n ],\n [\n -97.42675781249999,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n -97.42675781249999,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 23.885837699862005\n ],\n [\n -97.998046875,\n 22.187404991398775\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 20.05593126519445\n ],\n [\n -95.712890625,\n 18.771115062337024\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 18.396230138028827\n ],\n [\n -92.0654296875,\n 18.521283325496277\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 19.394067895396613\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 21.3303150734318\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 21.657428197370653\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 21.69826549685252\n ],\n [\n -85.0341796875,\n 22.024545601240337\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 27.800209937418252\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -84.6826171875,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 29.267232865200878\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08a6e4b0c8380cd51bea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, M.","contributorId":75672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, R.L.","contributorId":45862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, D.","contributorId":98883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, P.","contributorId":45107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, J.","contributorId":18176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hagen, R.","contributorId":69364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030411,"text":"70030411 - 2008 - Geology of the Carnegie museum dinosaur quarry site of Diplodocus carnegii, Sheep Creek, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030411","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":790,"text":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Carnegie museum dinosaur quarry site of Diplodocus carnegii, Sheep Creek, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The holotype of Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher, 1901, consists of a partial skeleton (CM 84) that was recovered, along with a second partial skeleton of the same species (CM 94), from the upper 10 m of the Talking Rock facies of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation exposed along Bone Quarry Draw, a tributary of Sheep Creek in Albany County, Wyoming. A composite measured section of the stratigraphic interval exposed adjacent to the quarry indicates that the Brushy Basin Member in this area is a stacked succession of lithofacies consisting of hackly, greenish gray, calcareous mudstone and greenish brown, dense, fine-grained limestone. The more erosion resistant limestone layers can be traced over many hundreds of meters. Thus, these strata do not appear to represent a highly localized deposit such as a stream channel, oxbow lake, or backwater pond. The Sheep Creek succession is interpreted as representing a clastic-dominated lake where high turbidity and sediment influx produced deposition of calcareous mudstone. During drier periods the lake's turbidity decreased and limestone and dolomite precipitation replaced mud deposition. Microkarsting at the top of some limestone/ dolomite layers suggests subaerial deposition may have prevailed during these dry episodes. The quarry of D. carnegii was excavated within the top strata of one of the numerous intervals of hackly, greenish gray, calcareous mudstone that represent an ephemeral freshwater lake. The quarry strata are directly overlain by 0.3 m of dolomite-capped limestone that was deposited shortly after interment of D. carnegii in the lake mudstones. The close vertical proximity of the overlying limestone to the skeleton's stratigraphic: level suggests that the animal's carcass may have been buried beneath the drying lake deposits during a period of decreased rainfall.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00974","usgsCitation":"Brezinski, D., and Kollar, A., 2008, Geology of the Carnegie museum dinosaur quarry site of Diplodocus carnegii, Sheep Creek, Wyoming: Annals of Carnegie Museum, v. 77, no. 2, p. 243-252.","startPage":"243","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a253be4b0c8380cd58725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brezinski, D. K.","contributorId":39010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kollar, A.D.","contributorId":106311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kollar","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182242,"text":"70182242 - 2008 - Mathematical models frame environmental dispute [Review of the article Useless arithmetic: Ten points to ponder when using mathematical models in environmental decision making]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T09:39:21","indexId":"70182242","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5301,"text":"Public Administration Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mathematical models frame environmental dispute [Review of the article Useless arithmetic: Ten points to ponder when using mathematical models in environmental decision making]","docAbstract":"

When Linda Pilkey- Jarvis and Orrin Pilkey state in their article, \"Useless Arithmetic,\" that \"mathematical models are simplified, generalized representations of a process or system,\" they probably do not mean to imply that these models are simple. Rather, the models are simpler than nature and that is the heart of the problem with predictive models. We have had a long professional association with the developers and users of one of these simplifications of nature in the form of a mathematical model known as Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM), which is part of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). The IFIM is a suite of techniques, including PHABSIM, that allows the analyst to incorporate hydrology , hydraulics, habitat, water quality, stream temperature, and other variables into a tradeoff analysis that decision makers can use to design a flow regime to meet management objectives (Stalnaker et al. 1995). Although we are not the developers of the IFIM, we have worked with those who did design it, and we have tried to understand how the IFIM and PHABSIM are actually used in decision making (King, Burkardt, and Clark 2006; Lamb 1989).

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Public Administration","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B.L., and Burkardt, N., 2008, Mathematical models frame environmental dispute [Review of the article Useless arithmetic: Ten points to ponder when using mathematical models in environmental decision making]: Public Administration Review, v. 68, no. 3, p. 55-60.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb13de4b01ccd54f9ee22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180871,"text":"70180871 - 2008 - Bats prove to be rich reservoirs for emerging viruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T10:25:20","indexId":"70180871","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2726,"text":"Microbe","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bats prove to be rich reservoirs for emerging viruses","docAbstract":"

Emerging pathogens, many of them viruses, continue to surprise us, providing many newly recognized diseases to study and to try to control. Many of these emergent viruses are zoonotic, transmitted from reservoirs in wild or domestic animals to humans, either by insect vectors or by exposure to the droppings or tissues of such animals. One rich- but, until recently, underappreciated-source of emergent viruses is bats (Chiroptera, meaning \"hand wing\"). Accounting for 1,116, or nearly one fourth, of the 4,600 recognized species of mammals, bats are grouped into two suborders Megachiroptera, which contains a single family, Pteropodidae, consisting of 42 genera and 186 species, and Microchiroptera, which contains 17 families, 160 genera, and 930 species. 

Although bats are among the most abundant, diverse, and geographically dispersed orders of terrestrial mammals, research on these flying mammals historically focused more on their habits and outward characteristics than on their role in carrying microorganisms and transmitting pathogens to other species. Even in those cases where bats were known to carry particular pathogens, the microbiologists who studied those pathogens typically knew little about the bat hosts. Hence, investigators now are seeking to explain how variations of anatomy, physiology, ecology, and behavior influence the roles of bats as hosts for viral pathogens.

","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Calisher, C., Holmes, K.V., Dominguez, S.R., Schountz, T., and Cryan, P.M., 2008, Bats prove to be rich reservoirs for emerging viruses: Microbe, v. 3, no. 11, p. 521-528.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"528","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999945e4b0efcedb71a0ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calisher, Charles H.","contributorId":35445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calisher","given":"Charles H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Kathryn V.","contributorId":43091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dominguez, Samuel R.","contributorId":103402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dominguez","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schountz, Tony","contributorId":179101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schountz","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178102,"text":"70178102 - 2008 - Ecology in the information age: Patterns of use and attrition rates of internet-based citations in ESA journals, 1997–2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T14:27:20","indexId":"70178102","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology in the information age: Patterns of use and attrition rates of internet-based citations in ESA journals, 1997–2005","docAbstract":"

As the amount of information available on the internet has increased, so too has the number of citations to network-accessible information in scholarly research. We searched all papers in four Ecological Society of America journals from 1997 to 2005 for articles containing a citation to material on the internet. We then tested the links to determine whether the information cited in the paper was still accessible. We identified 877 articles that contained at least one link to information on the internet and a total of 2100 unique links. The majority of these citations were based on an object's location (Uniform Resource Locator; 77%), whereas the rest were based on an object's identity (eg Digital Object Identifier, GenBank Accession number). We found that 19–30% of the location-based links were unavailable and that there was a positive relationship between the age of an article and the probability of the link being inactive. Using an internet search engine, we recovered 72–84% of the lost information, leaving a total of 6.2% of the total citations unavailable. Our results highlight the problem of persistence of information stored on the world wide web and we include recommendations for minimizing this problem.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/070022","usgsCitation":"Duda, J.J., and Camp, R., 2008, Ecology in the information age: Patterns of use and attrition rates of internet-based citations in ESA journals, 1997–2005: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 6, no. 3, p. 145-151, https://doi.org/10.1890/070022.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581afb67e4b0bb36a4ca6653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":145486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camp, Richard J. rick_camp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030329,"text":"70030329 - 2008 - The effects of land use on fluvial sediment chemistry for the conterminous U.S. - Results from the first cycle of the NAWQA Program: Trace and major elements, phosphorus, carbon, and sulfur","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030329","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of land use on fluvial sediment chemistry for the conterminous U.S. - Results from the first cycle of the NAWQA Program: Trace and major elements, phosphorus, carbon, and sulfur","docAbstract":"In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began the first cycle of its National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The Program encompassed 51 river basins that collectively accounted for more than 70% of the total water use (excluding power generation), and 50% of the drinking water supply in the U.S. The basins represented a variety of hydrologic settings, rock types (geology), land-use categories, and population densities. One aspect of the first cycle included bed sediment sampling; sites were chosen to represent baseline and important land-use categories (e.g., agriculture, urban) in each basin. In total, over 1200 bed sediment samples were collected. All samples were size-limited (< 63????m) to facilitate spatial and/or temporal comparisons, and subsequently analyzed for a variety of chemical constituents including major (e.g., Fe, Al,) and trace elements (e.g., Cu, Zn, Cd), nutrients (e.g., P), and carbon. The analyses yielded total (??? 95% of the concentrations present), rather than total-recoverable chemical data. Land-use percentages, upstream underlying geology, and population density were determined for each site and evaluated to asses their relative influence on sediment chemistry. Baseline concentrations for the entire U.S. also were generated from a subset of all the samples, and are based on material collected from low population (??? 27??p km- 2) density, low percent urban (??? 5%), agricultural or undeveloped areas. The NAWQA baseline values are similar to those found in other national and global datasets. Further, it appears that upstream/underlying rock type has only a limited effect (mostly major elements) on sediment chemistry. The only land-use category that appears to substantially affect sediment chemistry is percent urban, and this result is mirrored by population density; in fact, the latter appears more consistent than the former.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.027","issn":"00489","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., and Stephens, V., 2008, The effects of land use on fluvial sediment chemistry for the conterminous U.S. - Results from the first cycle of the NAWQA Program: Trace and major elements, phosphorus, carbon, and sulfur: Science of the Total Environment, v. 400, no. 1-3, p. 290-314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.027.","startPage":"290","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212062,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.027"},{"id":239477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"400","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab89e4b08c986b322eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, V. C.","contributorId":46569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"V. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030325,"text":"70030325 - 2008 - Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030325","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions","docAbstract":"It has been agreed for nearly a century that a strong, load-bearing outer layer of earth is required to support mountain ranges, transmit stresses to deform active regions and store elastic strain to generate earthquakes. However the dept and extent of this strong layer remain controversial. Here we use a variety of observations to infer the distribution of lithospheric strength in the active western United States from seismic to steady-state time scales. We use evidence from post-seismic transient and earthquake cycle deformation reservoir loading glacio-isostatic adjustment, and lithosphere isostatic adjustment to large surface and subsurface loads. The nearly perfectly elastic behavior of Earth's crust and mantle at the time scale of seismic wave propagation evolves to that of a strong, elastic crust and weak, ductile upper mantle lithosphere at both earthquake cycle (EC, ???10?? to 103 yr) and glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA, ???103 to 104 yr) time scales. Topography and gravity field correlations indicate that lithosphere isostatic adjustment (LIA) on ???106-107 yr time scales occurs with most lithospheric stress supported by an upper crust overlying a much weaker ductile subtrate. These comparisons suggest that the upper mantle lithosphere is weaker than the crust at all time scales longer than seismic. In contrast, the lower crust has a chameleon-like behavior, strong at EC and GIA time scales and weak for LIA and steady-state deformation processes. The lower crust might even take on a third identity in regions of rapid crustal extension or continental collision, where anomalously high temperatures may lead to large-scale ductile flow in a lower crustal layer that is locally weaker than the upper mantle. Modeling of lithospheric processes in active regions thus cannot use a one-size-fits-all prescription of rheological layering (relation between applied stress and deformation as a function of depth) but must be tailored to the time scale and tectonic setting of the process being investigated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GSAT01804-5A.1","issn":"10525","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W., and Pollitz, F., 2008, Temporal evolution of continental lithospheric strength in actively deforming regions: GSA Today, v. 18, no. 4-5, p. 4-11, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAT01804-5A.1.","startPage":"4","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487644,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsat01804-5a.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212036,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GSAT01804-5A.1"},{"id":239440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba50ee4b08c986b320792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030296,"text":"70030296 - 2008 - Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030296","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics","docAbstract":"Natural disturbances and habitat degradation are major factors influencing the dynamics and persistence of many wildlife populations, yet few large-scale studies have explored the relative influence of these factors on the dynamics and persistence of animal populations. We used longterm demographic data and matrix population models to examine the potential effects of habitat degradation and natural disturbances on the dynamics of the endangered snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis in Florida, USA. We found that estimates of stochastic population growth rate were low (0.90). Population growth rate (??) during the first half or our study period (1992 to 1998) was substantially greater than during the second half (1999 to 2005). These 2 periods were characterized by contrasting hydrological conditions. Although ?? was most sensitive to changes in adult survival, the analysis of life table response experiments revealed that a reduction in fertility of kites accounted for >80% of the observed decline in population growth rate. We examined the possibility that the reduction in ?? was caused by (1) habitat degradation due to management, (2) an increase in frequency of moderate drying events in recent years, and (3) both habitat degradation and an increase in frequency of moderate drying events. Our results suggest that both factors could potentially contribute to a large decrease in population growth rate. Our study highlights the importance of simultaneously considering short- and long-term effects of disturbances when modeling population dynamics. Indeed, focusing exclusively on one type of effect may be misleading to both our understanding of the ecological dynamics of the system and to management. The relevance of our results to management is heightened because the snail kite has been selected as a key performance measure of one of the most ambitious ecosystem restoration projects ever undertaken. ?? Inter-Research 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3354/esr00119","issn":"18635","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Kitchens, W., Cattau, C.E., and Oli, M., 2008, Relative importance of natural disturbances and habitat degradation on snail kite population dynamics: Endangered Species Research, v. 6, no. 1, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00119.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476721,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00119"},{"id":239544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa687e4b0c8380cd84eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, J.","contributorId":18871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cattau, Christopher E.","contributorId":54406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cattau","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oli, M.K.","contributorId":108069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oli","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032426,"text":"70032426 - 2008 - GSTARS computer models and their applications, Part II: Applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032426","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2072,"text":"International Journal of Sediment Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GSTARS computer models and their applications, Part II: Applications","docAbstract":"In part 1 of this two-paper series, a brief summary of the basic concepts and theories used in developing the Generalized Stream Tube model for Alluvial River Simulation (GSTARS) computer models was presented. Part 2 provides examples that illustrate some of the capabilities of the GSTARS models and how they can be applied to solve a wide range of river and reservoir sedimentation problems. Laboratory and field case studies are used and the examples show representative applications of the earlier and of the more recent versions of GSTARS. Some of the more recent capabilities implemented in GSTARS3, one of the latest versions of the series, are also discussed here with more detail. ?? 2008 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation and the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Sediment Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1001-6279(09)60002-0","issn":"10016","usgsCitation":"Simoes, F., and Yang, C., 2008, GSTARS computer models and their applications, Part II: Applications: International Journal of Sediment Research, v. 23, no. 4, p. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6279(09)60002-0.","startPage":"299","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6279(09)60002-0"},{"id":241546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14a0e4b0c8380cd54ac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simoes, F.J.M.","contributorId":100181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoes","given":"F.J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, C.T.","contributorId":14629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032493,"text":"70032493 - 2008 - Economic decision making and the application of nonparametric prediction models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T10:42:42","indexId":"70032493","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3326,"text":"SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economic decision making and the application of nonparametric prediction models","docAbstract":"Sustained increases in energy prices have focused attention on gas resources in low-permeability shale or in coals that were previously considered economically marginal. Daily well deliverability is often relatively small, although the estimates of the total volumes of recoverable resources in these settings are often large. Planning and development decisions for extraction of such resources must be areawide because profitable extraction requires optimization of scale economies to minimize costs and reduce risk. For an individual firm, the decision to enter such plays depends on reconnaissance-level estimates of regional recoverable resources and on cost estimates to develop untested areas. This paper shows how simple nonparametric local regression models, used to predict technically recoverable resources at untested sites, can be combined with economic models to compute regional-scale cost functions. The context of the worked example is the Devonian Antrim-shale gas play in the Michigan basin. One finding relates to selection of the resource prediction model to be used with economic models. Models chosen because they can best predict aggregate volume over larger areas (many hundreds of sites) smooth out granularity in the distribution of predicted volumes at individual sites. This loss of detail affects the representation of economic cost functions and may affect economic decisions. Second, because some analysts consider unconventional resources to be ubiquitous, the selection and order of specific drilling sites may, in practice, be determined arbitrarily by extraneous factors. The analysis shows a 15-20% gain in gas volume when these simple models are applied to order drilling prospects strategically rather than to choose drilling locations randomly. Copyright ?? 2008 Society of Petroleum Engineers.","largerWorkTitle":"SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering","language":"English","doi":"10.2118/107659-PA","issn":"10946","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., Coburn, T.C., and Freeman, P., 2008, Economic decision making and the application of nonparametric prediction models: SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, v. 11, no. 6, p. 1089-1096, https://doi.org/10.2118/107659-PA.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1096","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0581e4b0c8380cd50e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":193092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coburn, Timothy C.","contributorId":26011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coburn","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}