At 4393 m, ice-clad Mount Rainier has great potential for debris flows owing to its precipitous slopes and incised steep valleys, the large volume of water stored in its glaciers, and a mantle of loose debris on its slopes. In the past 10,000 years, more than sixty Holocene lahars have occurred at Mount Rainier (Scott et al., 1985), and, in addition more than thirty debris flows not related to volcanism have occurred in historical time (Walder and Driedger, 1984). Lahars at Mount Rainier can be classed in 3 groups according to their genesis: (1) flank collapse of hydrothermally altered, water-saturated rock; (2) eruption-related release of water and loose debris; and (3) hydrologic release of water and debris (Scott et al., 1985). Lahars in the first two categories are commonly voluminous and are generally related to unrest and explosions that occur during eruptive episodes. Lahars in the third category, distinguished here as debris flows, are less voluminous than the others but occur frequently at Mount Rainier, often with little or no warning.
\nHistorically at Mount Rainier, glacial outburst floods, torrential rains, and stream capture have caused small- to moderate-size debris flows (Walder and Driedger, 1984). Such debris flows are most likely to occur in drainages that have large glaciers in them. Less commonly, a drainage diversion has triggered a debris flow in an unglaciated drainage basin. For example, the diversion of Kautz Glacier meltwater into Van Trump basin triggered debris flows on the south side of Rainier in August 2001.
\nOn the basis of historical accounts, debris flows having hydrologic origins are likely to be unheralded, and have occurred as seldom as once in 8 years and as often as four times per year at Mount Rainier (Walder and Driedger, 1984). Such debris flows are most likely to occur during periods of hot dry weather or during periods of intense rainfall, and therefore must occur during the summer and fall. They are likely to begin at or above the elevations of glacier termini and extend down valley.
\nThis report discusses potential hazards from debris flows induced by hydrologic events such as glacial outburst floods and torrential rain at Mount Rainier and the surrounding area bounded by Mount Rainier National Park. The report also shows, in the accompanying hazard-zonation maps, which areas are likely to be at risk from future such debris flows at Mount Rainier. Lahar hazards related to avalanches of altered rock and to the interactions of hot rock and ice during eruptions are discussed in Scott and Vallance (1995) and Hoblitt et al. (1998) and are not addressed in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03368","usgsCitation":"Vallance, J.W., Cunico, M.L., and Schilling, S.P., 2003, Debris-flow hazards caused by hydrologic events at Mount Rainier, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-368, Report: iv, 4 p.; Plate 1: 48 x 36 inches; Plate 2: 60 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03368.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 4 p.; Plate 1: 48 x 36 inches; Plate 2: 60 x 36 inches","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03368.PNG"},{"id":5059,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0368/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283921,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0368/pdf/of03-368.pdf"},{"id":283922,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0368/pdf/of03-368plt-1.pdf"},{"id":283923,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0368/pdf/of03-368plt-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.876709,46.787719 ], [ -121.876709,46.945802 ], [ -121.638906,46.945802 ], [ -121.638906,46.787719 ], [ -121.876709,46.787719 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67276a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunico, Michelle L.","contributorId":101736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunico","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53720,"text":"ofr03436 - 2003 - Mantle and Crustal Sources of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Noble gases in Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc Volcanic gases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T11:10:45","indexId":"ofr03436","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-436","title":"Mantle and Crustal Sources of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Noble gases in Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc Volcanic gases","docAbstract":"Here we report anhydrous chemical (CO2, H2S, N2, H2, CH4, O2, Ar, He, Ne) and isotopic (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, δ13C of CO2, δ13C of CH4, δ15N) compositions of virtually airfree gas samples collected between 1994 and 1998 from 12 quiescent but potentially restless volcanoes in the Cascade Range and Aleutian Arc (CRAA). Sample sites include ≤173°C fumaroles and springs at Mount Shasta, Mount Hood, Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Augustine Volcano, Mount Griggs, Trident, Mount Mageik, Aniakchak Crater, Akutan, and Makushin. The chemical and isotopic data generally point to magmatic (CO2, Ar, He), shallow crustal sedimentary (hereafter, SCS) (CO2, N2, CH4), crustal (He), and meteoric (N2, Ar) sources of volatiles. CH4 clearly comes from SCS rocks in the subvolcanic systems because CH4 cannot survive the higher temperatures of deeper potential sources. Further evidence for a SCS source for CH4 as well as for non-mantle CO2 and non-meteoric N2 comes from isotopic data that show wide variations between volcanoes that are spatially very close and similar isotopic signatures from volcanoes from very disparate areas. Our results are in direct opposition to many recent studies on other volcanic arcs (Kita and others, 1993; Sano and Marty, 1995; Fischer and others, 1998), in that they point to a dearth of subducted components of CO2 and N2 in the CRAA discharges. Either the CRAA volcanoes are fundamentally different from volcanoes in other arcs or we need to reevaluate the significance of subducted C and N recycling in convergent-plate volcanoes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03436","usgsCitation":"Symonds, R.B., Poreda, R.J., Evans, W.C., Janik, C.J., and Ritchie, B.E., 2003, Mantle and Crustal Sources of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Noble gases in Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc Volcanic gases: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-436, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03436.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03436.jpg"},{"id":5062,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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J.","contributorId":87090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"Cathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ritchie, Beatrice E.","contributorId":67965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Beatrice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":53250,"text":"ofr2003434 - 2003 - Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":53250,"text":"ofr2003434 - 2003 - Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera","indexId":"ofr2003434","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian 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The library includes samples of minerals, rocks, soils, physically constructed as well as mathematically computed mixtures, vegetation, microorganisms, and man-made materials. The samples and spectra collected were assembled for the purpose of using spectral features for the remote detection of these and similar materials.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03395","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Wise, R.K., Livo, E., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R., and Sutley, S.J., 2003, USGS Digital Spectral Library splib05a (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-395, 5 figs, 3 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03395.","productDescription":"5 figs, 3 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4848,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-395/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6271b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wise, Richard K.","contributorId":71435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":52270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutley, Steve J.","contributorId":33774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":53721,"text":"ofr03453 - 2003 - An Organic Geochemical Assessment of CO2-Coal Interactions During Sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:35","indexId":"ofr03453","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-453","title":"An Organic Geochemical Assessment of CO2-Coal Interactions During Sequestration","docAbstract":"Three well-characterized coal samples of varying rank were extracted with supercritical CO2 to determine the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that could be mobilized during simulated CO2 injection/sequestration in deep coal beds. The supercritical CO2 extractions were conducted at 40?C and 100 bars, roughly corresponding to a depth of 1 km. The greatest amount of PAHs was extracted from the high-volatile C bituminous coal sample. Extracts from the subbituminous C and anthracite coal samples contained lower concentrations of these compounds. The effectiveness of supercritical CO2 in liberating PAHs from the coal sample was evaluated in a comparison with a parallel series of Soxhlet extractions using 100% dichloromethane. More PAHs were extracted from the lower rank coal samples with dichloromethane than with supercritical CO2. The results from this investigation indicate that, regardless of coal rank, CO2 injection into deep coal beds may mobilize PAHs from the coal matrix. However, more PAHs could be mobilized during CO2 sequestration in a high-volatile C bituminous coal bed than in either of the other two coal ranks studied.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03453","usgsCitation":"Kolak, J.J., and Burruss, R.A., 2003, An Organic Geochemical Assessment of CO2-Coal Interactions During Sequestration (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-453, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03453.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5063,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-453/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6860b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolak, Jonathan J.","contributorId":59100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolak","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, Robert A. 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53730,"text":"ofr03501 - 2003 - Surficial and bedrock geologic map database of the Kelso 7.5 Minute quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:42:12.611638","indexId":"ofr03501","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-501","title":"Surficial and bedrock geologic map database of the Kelso 7.5 Minute quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"This geologic map database describes geologic materials for the Kelso 7.5 Minute Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California. The area lies in eastern Mojave Desert of California, within the Mojave National Preserve (a unit of the National Parks system). Geologic deposits in the area consist of Proterozoic metamorphic rocks, Cambrian-Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic plutonic and hypabyssal rocks, Tertiary basin fill, and Quaternary surficial deposits. Bedrock deposits are described by composition, texture, and stratigraphic relationships. Quaternary surficial deposits are classified into soil-geomorphic surfaces based on soil characteristics, inset relationships, and geomorphic expression.\n\nThe surficial geology presented in this report is especially useful to understand, and extrapolate, physical properties that influence surface conditions, and surface- and soil-water dynamics. Physical characteristics such as pavement development, soil horizonation, and hydraulic characteristics have shown to be some of the primary drivers of ecologic dynamics, including recovery of those ecosystems to anthropogenic disturbance, in the eastern Mojave Desert and other arid and semi-arid environments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03501","usgsCitation":"Bedford, D., 2003, Surficial and bedrock geologic map database of the Kelso 7.5 Minute quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-501, 1 Plate: 45.00 x 30.00 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03501.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 45.00 x 30.00 inches; Metadata","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03501.jpg"},{"id":398354,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62491.htm"},{"id":284012,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0501/pdf/of03-501_3a.pdf"},{"id":284006,"rank":10,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0501/of03-501_1b.txt"},{"id":284005,"rank":9,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0501/of03-501_1b.html"},{"id":284003,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0501/"},{"id":284010,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0501/of03-501_2.tar"},{"id":284009,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0501/of03-501_2b.e00"},{"id":284008,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0501/of03-501_2a.e00"},{"id":284007,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0501/of03-501_1bfaq.html"},{"id":284011,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0501/of03-501_3a.eps"},{"id":284004,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0501/of03-501_1revs.txt"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"National Geodetic Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Kelso 7.5 minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.75,35.0 ], [ -115.75,35.125 ], [ -115.625,35.125 ], [ -115.625,35.0 ], [ -115.75,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689461","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53725,"text":"ofr03464 - 2003 - Preliminary Mineralogic and Stable Isotope Studies of Altered Summit and Flank Rocks and Osceola Mudflow Deposits on Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:25","indexId":"ofr03464","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-464","title":"Preliminary Mineralogic and Stable Isotope Studies of Altered Summit and Flank Rocks and Osceola Mudflow Deposits on Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"About 5600 years ago part of Mount Rainier?s edifice collapsed with the resultant Osceola Mudflow traveling more than 120 km and covering an area of at least 505 km2. Mineralogic and stable isotope studies were conducted on altered rocks from outcrops near the summit and east flank of the volcano and samples of clasts and matrix from the Osceola Mudflow. Results of these analyses are used to constrain processes responsible for pre-collapse alteration and provide insight into the role of alteration in edifice instability prior to the Osceola collapse event. Jarosite, pyrite, alunite, and kaolinite occur in hydrothermally altered rock exposed in summit scarps formed by edifice collapse events and in altered rock within the east-west structural zone (EWSZ) of the volcano?s east flank. Deposits of the Osceola Mudflow contain clasts of variably altered and unaltered andesite within a clay-rich matrix. Minerals detected in samples from the edifice are also present in many of the clasts. The matrix includes abundant smectite, kaolinite and variably abundant jarosite. Hydrothermal fluid compositions calculated from hydrogen and oxygen isotope data of alunite, and smectite on Mount Rainier reflect mixing of magmatic and meteoric waters. The range in the dD values of modern meteoric water on the volcano (-85 to 155?) reflect the influence of elevation on the dD of precipitation. The d34S and d18OSO4 values of alunite, gypsum and jarosite are distinct but together range from 1.7 to 17.6? and -12.3 to 15.0?, respectively; both parameters increase from jarosite to gypsum to alunite. The variations in sulfur isotope composition are attributed to the varying contributions of disproportionation of magmatic SO2, the supergene oxidation of hydrothermal pyrite and possible oxidation of H2S to the parent aqueous sulfate. The 18OSO4 values of jarosite are the lowest recorded for the mineral, consistent with a supergene origin. The mineralogy and isotope composition of alteration minerals define two and possibly three environments of alteration. At deeper levels magmatic vapor, H2S, SO2 and other gases from venting magmas migrated upward and condensed into the meteoric water. Disproportionation of SO2 into aqueous sulfate and H2S resulted in acid-sulfate (alunite + kaolinite + pyrite) and related argillic and propylitic alteration envelopes in a magmatic hydrothermal environment. At shallow levels H2S reacted with andesite to form pyrite that is associated with smectite along fractures on both the flanks and upper edifice. It is not clear to what extent H2S was oxidized by atmospheric O2 to form aqueous sulfate in a steam-heated environment. Near the ground surface, pyrite is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen resulting in soluble iron-and aluminum-hydroxysulfates. These supergene hydroxysulfates, which may also form around fumaroles from the oxidation of H2S, are subject to continuous solution and redeposition.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03464","usgsCitation":"Rye, R.O., Breit, G.N., and Zimbelman, D.R., 2003, Preliminary Mineralogic and Stable Isotope Studies of Altered Summit and Flank Rocks and Osceola Mudflow Deposits on Mount Rainier, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-464, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03464.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5090,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-464/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimbelman, David R.","contributorId":58253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53601,"text":"ofr03387 - 2003 - Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, January 2000-December 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T21:08:07.863146","indexId":"ofr03387","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-387","title":"Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, January 2000-December 2002","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Yucca Mountain Project, collects, compiles, and summarizes hydrologic data in the Yucca Mountain region. The data are collected to allow assessments of ground-water resources during activities to determine the potential suitability or development of Yucca Mountain for storing high-level nuclear waste. \r\n\r\nData on ground-water levels at 35 wells and a fissure (Devils Hole), ground-water discharge at 5 springs and a flowing well, and total reported ground-water withdrawals within Crater Flat, Jackass Flats, Mercury Valley, and the Amargosa Desert are tabulated from January 2000 through December 2002. Historical data on water levels, discharges, and withdrawals are graphically presented to indicate variations through time. \r\n\r\nA statistical summary of ground-water levels at seven wells in Jackass Flats is presented for 1992-2002 to indicate potential effects of ground-water withdrawals associated with U.S. Department of Energy activities near Yucca Mountain. The statistical summary includes the annual number of measurements, maximum, minimum, and median water-level altitudes, and average deviation of measured water-level altitudes compared to selected baseline periods. Baseline periods varied for 1985-93. At six of the seven wells in Jackass Flats, the median water levels for 2002 were slightly higher (0.3-2.4 feet) than for their respective baseline periods. At the remaining well, data for 2002 was not summarized statistically but median water-level altitude in 2001 was 0.7 foot higher than that in its baseline period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03387","usgsCitation":"Locke, G.L., and La Camera, R.J., 2003, Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, January 2000-December 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-387, 133 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03387.","productDescription":"133 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4853,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03-387/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388773,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67783.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yuuca Mountain region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.8667,\n 36.0\n ],\n [\n -116.0,\n 36.0\n ],\n [\n -116.0,\n 37.0\n ],\n [\n -116.8667,\n 37.0\n ],\n [\n -116.8667,\n 36.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a1f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, Glenn L. gllocke@usgs.gov","contributorId":2479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Glenn","email":"gllocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"La Camera, Richard J.","contributorId":52212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Camera","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53395,"text":"ofr03463 - 2003 - Preliminary evaluation of a precipitation threshold for anticipating the occurrence of landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr03463","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-463","title":"Preliminary evaluation of a precipitation threshold for anticipating the occurrence of landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03463","usgsCitation":"Chleborad, A.F., 2003, Preliminary evaluation of a precipitation threshold for anticipating the occurrence of landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area (Version 1.0 ): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-463, 15 figs., 5 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03463.","productDescription":"15 figs., 5 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5174,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-463/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chleborad, Alan F.","contributorId":87578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chleborad","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53602,"text":"ofr03352 - 2003 - Data from archived chromatograms on halogenated volatile organic compounds in untreated ground water used for drinking water in the United States, 1997-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-17T06:31:37","indexId":"ofr03352","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-352","title":"Data from archived chromatograms on halogenated volatile organic compounds in untreated ground water used for drinking water in the United States, 1997-2000","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53394,"text":"ofr03147 - 2003 - Wisconsin potential field grids, derivative maps, and tectonic interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-19T10:37:32","indexId":"ofr03147","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File 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L.","contributorId":25132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geister, D.W.","contributorId":45777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geister","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ervin, C. P.","contributorId":41800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"C. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mudrey, M.G. Jr.","contributorId":39848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudrey","given":"M.G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dicken, Connie cdicken@usgs.gov","contributorId":172878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dicken","given":"Connie","email":"cdicken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":53241,"text":"ofr03493 - 2003 - Trace element and Nd, Sr, Pb isotope geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, near-vent eruptive products: 1983-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-14T09:22:59","indexId":"ofr03493","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-493","title":"Trace element and Nd, Sr, Pb isotope geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, near-vent eruptive products: 1983-2001","docAbstract":"This open-file report serves as a repository for geochemical data referred to in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1676 (Heliker, Swanson, and Takahashi, eds., 2003), which includes multidisciplinary research papers pertaining to the first twenty years of Puu Oo Kupaianaha eruption activity. Details of eruption characteristics and nomenclature are provided in the introductory chapter of that volume (Heliker and Mattox, 2003). Geochemical relations of this data are depicted and interpreted by Thornber (2003), Thornber and others (2003a) and Thornber (2001).\n\nThis report supplements Thornber and others (2003b) in which whole-rock and glass major-element data on ~1000 near-vent lava samples collected during the 1983 to 2001 eruptive interval of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, are presented. Herein, we present whole-rock trace element compositions of 85 representative samples collected from January 1983 to May 2001; glass trace-element compositions of 39 Pele’s Tear (tephra) samples collected from September 1995 to September 1996, and whole-rock Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic analyses of 10 representative samples collected from September 1983 to September 1993. Thornber and others (2003b) provide a specific record of sample characteristics, location, etc., for each of the samples reported here. Spreadsheets of both reports may be integrated and sorted based upon time of formation or sample numbers. General information pertaining to the selectivity and petrologic significance of this sample suite is presented by Thornber and others (2003b). As justified in that report, this select suite of time-constrained geochemical data is suitable for constructing petrologic models of pre-eruptive magmatic processes associated with prolonged rift zone eruption of Hawaiian shield volcanoes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03493","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C.R., Budahn, J.R., Ridley, W., and Unruh, D., 2003, Trace element and Nd, Sr, Pb isotope geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, near-vent eruptive products: 1983-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-493, Report: 5 p.; Geochem data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03493.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; Geochem data","numberOfPages":"5","temporalStart":"1983-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03493.jpg"},{"id":4894,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0493/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284001,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0493/pdf/of03-493.pdf"},{"id":284002,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0493/OF03-493data.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.305533,19.38969 ], [ -155.305533,19.443418 ], [ -155.232799,19.443418 ], [ -155.232799,19.38969 ], [ -155.305533,19.38969 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, Carl R. cthornber@usgs.gov","contributorId":2016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ridley, W. Ian 0000-0001-6787-558X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":17269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W. Ian","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Unruh, Daniel M.","contributorId":96291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"Daniel M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53221,"text":"ofr03397 - 2003 - Preliminary cross section of Englebright Lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-29T13:10:16","indexId":"ofr03397","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-397","title":"Preliminary cross section of Englebright Lake sediments","docAbstract":"Overview -- The Upper Yuba River Studies Program is a CALFED-funded, multidisciplinary investigation of the feasibility of introducing anadromous fish species to the Yuba River system upstream of Englebright Dam. Englebright Lake (Figure 1 on poster) is a narrow, 14-km-long reservoir located in the northern Sierra Nevada, northeast of Marysville, CA. The dam was completed in 1941 for the primary purpose of trapping sediment derived from mining operations in the Yuba River watershed. Possible management scenarios include lowering or removing Englebright Dam, which could cause the release of stored sediments and associated contaminants, such as mercury used extensively in 19th-century hydraulic gold mining. Transport of released sediment to downstream areas could increase existing problems including flooding and mercury bioaccumulation in sport fish. To characterize the extent, grain size, and chemistry of this sediment, a coring campaign was done in Englebright Lake in May and June 2002. More than twenty holes were drilled at 7 different locations along the longitudinal axis of the reservoir (Figure 4 on poster), recovering 6 complete sequences of post-reservoir deposition and progradation. Here, a longitudinal cross section of Englebright Lake is presented (Figure 5 on poster), including pre-dam and present-day topographic profiles, and sedimentologic sections for each coring site. This figure shows the deltaic form of the reservoir deposit, with a thick upper section consisting of sand and gravel overlying silt, a steep front, and a thinner lower section dominated by silt. The methodologies used to create the reservoir cross section are discussed in the lower part of this poster.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03397","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., and Hampton, M.A., 2003, Preliminary cross section of Englebright Lake sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-397, Poster: 48 inches x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03397.","productDescription":"Poster: 48 inches x 36 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03397.jpg"},{"id":285855,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0397/"},{"id":285856,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0397/pdf/of03-397.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Englebright Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.564033,39.162458 ], [ -121.564033,39.741693 ], [ -120.499304,39.741693 ], [ -120.499304,39.162458 ], [ -121.564033,39.162458 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e4d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Noah P.","contributorId":43848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Noah P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hampton, Margaret A.","contributorId":13688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53246,"text":"ofr03481 - 2003 - Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Piru, Simi, and Verdale Fires of 2003, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:43","indexId":"ofr03481","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-481","title":"Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Piru, Simi, and Verdale Fires of 2003, Southern California","docAbstract":"These maps present preliminary assessments of the probability of debris-flow activity and estimates of peak discharges that can potentially be generated by debris-flows issuing from basins burned by the Piru, Simi and Verdale Fires of October 2003 in southern California in response to the 25-year, 10-year, and 2-year 1-hour rain storms. The probability maps are based on the application of a logistic multiple regression model that describes the percent chance of debris-flow production from an individual basin as a function of burned extent, soil properties, basin gradients and storm rainfall. The peak discharge maps are based on application of a multiple-regression model that can be used to estimate debris-flow peak discharge at a basin outlet as a function of basin gradient, burn extent, and storm rainfall. Probabilities of debris-flow occurrence for the Piru Fire range between 2 and 94% and estimates of debris flow peak discharges range between 1,200 and 6,640 ft3/s (34 to 188 m3/s). Basins burned by the Simi Fire show probabilities for debris-flow occurrence between 1 and 98%, and peak discharge estimates between 1,130 and 6,180 ft3/s (32 and 175 m3/s). The probabilities for debris-flow activity calculated for the Verdale Fire range from negligible values to 13%. Peak discharges were not estimated for this fire because of these low probabilities. These maps are intended to identify those basins that are most prone to the largest debris-flow events and provide information for the preliminary design of mitigation measures and for the planning of evacuation timing and routes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03481","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Rupert, M.G., and Michael, J.A., 2003, Emergency Assessment of Debris-Flow Hazards from Basins Burned by the Piru, Simi, and Verdale Fires of 2003, Southern California (Version 1.0 ): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-481, 1 over-sized sheet, 66 by 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03481.","productDescription":"1 over-sized sheet, 66 by 36 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4926,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-481/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53600,"text":"ofr03335 - 2003 - Data on Streamflow and Quality of Water and Bottom Sediment in and near Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Churchill and Pershing Counties, Nevada, 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:24","indexId":"ofr03335","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-335","title":"Data on Streamflow and Quality of Water and Bottom Sediment in and near Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Churchill and Pershing Counties, Nevada, 1998-2000","docAbstract":"This study was initiated to expand upon previous findings that indicated concentrations of dissolved solids, arsenic, boron, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, and uranium were either above geochemical background concentrations or were approaching or exceeding ecological criteria in the lower Humboldt River system. Data were collected from May 1998 to September 2000 to further characterize streamflow and surface-water and bottom-sediment quality in the lower Humboldt River, selected agricultural drains, Upper Humboldt Lake, and Lower Humboldt Drain (ephemeral outflow from Humboldt Sink). \r\n\r\nDuring this study, flow in the lower Humboldt River was either at or above average. Flows in Army and Toulon Drains generally were higher than reported in previous investigations. An unnamed agricultural drain contributed a small amount to the flow measured in Army Drain. \r\n\r\nIn general, measured concentrations of sodium, chloride, dissolved solids, arsenic, boron, molybdenum, and uranium were higher in water from agricultural drains than in Humboldt River water during this study. Mercury concentrations in water samples collected during the study period typically were below the laboratory reporting level. However, low-level mercury analyses showed that samples collected in August 1999 from Army Drain had higher mercury concentrations than those collected from the river or Toulon Drain or the Lower Humboldt Drain. Ecological criteria and effect concentrations for sodium, chloride, dissolved solids, arsenic, boron, mercury, and molybdenum were exceeded in some water samples collected as part of this study. \r\n\r\nAlthough water samples from the agricultural drains typically contained higher concentrations of sodium, chloride, dissolved solids, arsenic, boron, and uranium, greater instantaneous loads of these constituents were carried in the river near Lovelock than in agricultural drains during periods of high flow or non-irrigation. During this study, the high flows in the lower Humboldt River produced the maximum instantaneous loads of sodium, chloride, dissolved solids, arsenic, boron, molybdenum, and uranium at all river-sampling sites, except molybdenum near Imlay. \r\n\r\nNevada Division of Environmental Protection monitoring reports on mine-dewatering discharge for permitted releases of treated effluent to the surface waters of the Humboldt River and its tributaries were reviewed for reported discharges and trace-element concentrations from June 1998 to September 1999. These data were compared with similar information for the river near Imlay. \r\n\r\nIn all bottom sediments collected for this study, arsenic concentrations exceeded the Canadian Freshwater Interim Sediment-Quality Guideline for the protection of aquatic life and probable-effect level (concentration). Sediments collected near Imlay, Rye Patch Reservoir, Lovelock, and from Toulon Drain and Army Drain were found to contain cadmium and chromium concentrations that exceeded Canadian criteria. Chromium concentrations in sediments collected from these sites also exceeded the consensus-based threshold-effect concentration. The Canadian criterion for sediment copper concentration was exceeded in sediments collected from the Humboldt River near Lovelock and from Toulon, Army, and the unnamed agricultural drains. Mercury in sediments collected near Imlay and from Toulon Drain in August 1999 exceeded the U.S. Department of the Interior sediment probable-effect level. Nickel concentrations in sediments collected during this study were above the consensus-based threshold-effect concentration. All other river and drain sediments had constituent concentrations below protective criteria and toxicity thresholds. \r\n\r\nIn Upper Humboldt Lake, chloride, dissolved solids, arsenic, boron, molybdenum, and uranium concentrations in surface-water samples collected near the mouth of the Humboldt River generally were higher than in samples collected near the mouth of Army Drain. Ecological criteria or effect con","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03335","usgsCitation":"Paul, A.P., and Thodal, C.E., 2003, Data on Streamflow and Quality of Water and Bottom Sediment in and near Humboldt Wildlife Management Area, Churchill and Pershing Counties, Nevada, 1998-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-335, vi, 94 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03335.","productDescription":"vi, 94 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4852,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03335/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul, Angela P. 0000-0003-3909-1598 appaul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1598","contributorId":2305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Angela","email":"appaul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thodal, Carl E. 0000-0003-0782-3280 cethodal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-3280","contributorId":2292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thodal","given":"Carl","email":"cethodal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53722,"text":"ofr03452 - 2003 - Specific sequestration volumes; a useful tool for CO2 storage capacity assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:35","indexId":"ofr03452","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-452","title":"Specific sequestration volumes; a useful tool for CO2 storage capacity assessment","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03452","usgsCitation":"Brennan, S.T., and Burruss, R.A., 2003, Specific sequestration volumes; a useful tool for CO2 storage capacity assessment (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-452, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03452.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5064,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-452/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, Robert A. 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":248225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53243,"text":"ofr03488 - 2003 - Logs and Data from Trenches Across the Hayward Fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond), Fremont, Alameda County, California, 2001-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:42","indexId":"ofr03488","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-488","title":"Logs and Data from Trenches Across the Hayward Fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond), Fremont, Alameda County, California, 2001-2003","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03488","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., Williams, P.L., Dawson, T.E., Personius, S.F., Seitz, G., Heller, S., and Schwartz, D.P., 2003, Logs and Data from Trenches Across the Hayward Fault at Tyson's Lagoon (Tule Pond), Fremont, Alameda County, California, 2001-2003 (Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-488, 6 p. and 8 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03488.","productDescription":"6 p. and 8 sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4896,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-488/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63c5c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Patrick L.","contributorId":70472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Timothy E.","contributorId":24429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dawson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":247034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seitz, Gordon G.","contributorId":17303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Gordon G.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":247033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heller, Samuel J.","contributorId":25633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"Samuel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":53242,"text":"ofr03489 - 2003 - Isotopes and ages in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:43:10.767691","indexId":"ofr03489","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-489","title":"Isotopes and ages in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California","docAbstract":"Strontium, oxygen and lead isotopic and rubidium-strontium geochronologic studies have been completed on Cretaceous and Jurassic (?) granitic rock samples from the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith in southern California. Many of these samples were collected systematically and studied chemically by A. K. Baird and colleagues (Baird and others, 1979). The distribution of these granitic rocks is shown in the Santa Ana, Perris, and San Jacinto Blocks, bounded by the Malibu Coast-Cucamonga, Banning, and San Andreas fault zones, and the Pacific Ocean on the map of the Peninsular Ranges batholith and surrounding area, southern California. The granitic rock names are by Baird and Miesch (1984) who used a modal mineral classification that Bateman and others (1963) used for granitic rocks in the Sierra Nevada batholith. In this classification, granitic rocks have at least 10% quartz. Boundaries between rock types are in terms of the ratio of alkali-feldspar to total feldspar: quartz diorite, 0-10%; granodiorite, 10-35%; quartz monzonite 35-65%; granite >65%. Gabbros have 0-10% quartz.\n\nData for samples investigated are giv in three tables: samples, longitude, latitude, specific gravity and rock type (Table 1); rubidium and strontium data for granitic rocks of the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California (Table 2); U, Th, Pb concentrations, Pb and Sr initial isotopic compositions, and δ18O permil values for granitic rocks of the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith (table 3).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03489","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R., Wooden, J., and Morton, D.M., 2003, Isotopes and ages in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-489, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03489.","productDescription":"45 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4895,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0489/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283984,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0489/pdf/of03-489.pdf"},{"id":407013,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62280.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Peninsular Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.2333,\n 32.9444\n ],\n [\n -116.0833,\n 32.9444\n ],\n [\n -116.0833,\n 34.0556\n ],\n [\n -117.2333,\n 34.0556\n ],\n [\n -117.2333,\n 32.9444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, Ronald W.","contributorId":56969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"Ronald W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":247027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53731,"text":"ofr03498 - 2003 - Application of ground penetrating radar to estimate sand and gravel resources near Bow, southern New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:25","indexId":"ofr03498","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-498","title":"Application of ground penetrating radar to estimate sand and gravel resources near Bow, southern New Hampshire","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03498","usgsCitation":"Pierce, H., Duval, J., and Sutphin, D., 2003, Application of ground penetrating radar to estimate sand and gravel resources near Bow, southern New Hampshire (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-498, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03498.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5093,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-498/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A.","contributorId":83093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duval, Joseph","contributorId":77230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutphin, Dave","contributorId":54287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53553,"text":"ofr2003480 - 2003 - Mercury data from small lakes in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2000-02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:55:34","indexId":"ofr2003480","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-480","title":"Mercury data from small lakes in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2000-02","docAbstract":"Mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems is a resource concern in Voyageurs National Park. High concentrations of mercury in fish pose a potential risk to organisms that consume large amounts of those fish. During 2000–02, the U.S. Geological Survey measured mercury in water collected from 20 lakes in Voyageurs National Park. Those lakes span a gradient in fish-mercury concentrations, and also span gradients in other environmental variables that are thought to influence mercury cycling. During 2001, near surface methylmercury concentrations ranged from below the method detection limit of 0.04 nanograms per liter (ng/L) to 0.41 ng/L. Near surface total mercury concentrations ranged from 0.34 ng/L to 3.74 ng/L. Hypolimnetic methylmercury ranged from below detection to 2.69 ng/L, and hypolimnetic total mercury concentrations ranged from 0.34 ng/L to 7.16 ng/L. During 2002, near surface methylmercury concentrations ranged from below the method detection limit to 0.46 ng/L, and near surface total mercury ranged from 0.34 ng/L to 4.81 ng/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003480","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R.M., Brigham, M.E., Steuwe, L., and Menheer, M.A., 2003, Mercury data from small lakes in Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, 2000-02: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-480, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003480.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2003480.JPG"},{"id":9827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613db9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, Robert M.","contributorId":68267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steuwe, Luke","contributorId":94378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuwe","given":"Luke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Menheer, Michael A. menheer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menheer","given":"Michael","email":"menheer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53723,"text":"ofr03451 - 2003 - Database and Map of Quaternary Faults and Folds in Peru and its Offshore Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:36","indexId":"ofr03451","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-451","title":"Database and Map of Quaternary Faults and Folds in Peru and its Offshore Region","docAbstract":"This publication consists of a main map of Quaternary faults and fiolds of Peru, a table of Quaternary fault data, a region inset map showing relative plate motion, and a second inset map of an enlarged area of interest in southern Peru. These maps and data compilation show evidence for activity of Quaternary faults and folds in Peru and its offshore regions of the Pacific Ocean. The maps show the locations, ages, and activity rates of major earthquake-related features such as faults and fault-related folds. These data are accompanied by text databases that describe these features and document current information on their activity in the Quaternary.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03451","usgsCitation":"Machare, J., Fenton, C.H., Machette, M., Lavenu, A., Costa, C., and Dart, R.L., 2003, Database and Map of Quaternary Faults and Folds in Peru and its Offshore Region (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-451, 54 p.; map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03451.","productDescription":"54 p.; map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5065,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-451/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6742d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machare, Jose","contributorId":75215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machare","given":"Jose","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fenton, Clark H.","contributorId":24844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lavenu, Alain","contributorId":69200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavenu","given":"Alain","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Costa, Carlos","contributorId":45759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":248227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":47580,"text":"ofr03223 - 2003 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer, west-central Florida, September 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:58","indexId":"ofr03223","displayToPublicDate":"2004-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-223","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer, west-central Florida, September 2002","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03223","usgsCitation":"Blanchard, R.A., Knochenmus, L.A., Seidenfeld, A., and McCulloch, D.S., 2003, Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer, west-central Florida, September 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-223, 1 map ; 72 x 69 cm., on sheet 87 x 77 cm., folded to 22 x 26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03223.","productDescription":"1 map ; 72 x 69 cm., on sheet 87 x 77 cm., folded to 22 x 26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":84539,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0223/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682b7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanchard, Robert Allen","contributorId":11273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knochenmus, L. A.","contributorId":60683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seidenfeld, A.V.","contributorId":90377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seidenfeld","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCulloch, D. 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The first day of this field trip (June 7) was led by McLaughlin and\r\nSarna-Wojcicki in the area of the right- step between the Rodgers Creek-\r\nHealdsburg fault zone and the Maacama fault. The second day of the trip\r\n(June 8), was led by David Wagner of the California Geological Survey and\r\nstudents having recently completed MS theses at San Jose State University\r\n(James Allen) and San Francisco State University (Carrie Randolph-Loar),\r\nas well as a student from San Francisco State University whose MS thesis\r\nwas in progress in June 2003 (Eric Ford). The second day covered the\r\nRodgers Creek fault zone and related faults of the Petaluma Valley area (the\r\nTolay and Petaluma Valley fault zones).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03502","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, R.J., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A., 2003, Geology of the Right Stepover region between the Rodgers Creek, Healdsburg, and Maacama faults, northern San Francisco Bay region: A contribution to Northern California Geological Society Field Trip Guide, June 6-8, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-502, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03502.","productDescription":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-06-06","temporalEnd":"2003-06-08","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405408,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62428.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8470,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-502/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.875,\n 38.3333\n ],\n [\n -122.625,\n 38.3333\n ],\n [\n -122.625,\n 38.625\n ],\n [\n -122.875,\n 38.625\n ],\n [\n -122.875,\n 38.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e721","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288 rjmcl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":1428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert","email":"rjmcl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":41888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53647,"text":"ofr0336 - 2003 - Preliminary geologic map of Great Sitkin Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-07T20:46:04.569783","indexId":"ofr0336","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-36","title":"Preliminary geologic map of Great Sitkin Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0336","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Miller, T.P., and Nye, C., 2003, Preliminary geologic map of Great Sitkin Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-36, 1 Plate: 38.00 × 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0336.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 38.00 × 25.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0336.jpg"},{"id":398353,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_62468.htm"},{"id":283918,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0036/"},{"id":283917,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0036/pdf/of03-36.pdf"}],"scale":"63360","projection":"UTM Projection","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Great Sitkin Island, Great Sitkin Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -176.2,\n 51.9458\n ],\n [\n -175.9667,\n 51.9458\n ],\n [\n -175.9667,\n 52.1167\n ],\n [\n -176.2,\n 52.1167\n ],\n [\n -176.2,\n 51.9458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c044","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nye, Christopher","contributorId":95328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53654,"text":"ofr03435 - 2003 - Scrubbing masks magmatic degassing during repose at Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T11:05:15","indexId":"ofr03435","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-435","title":"Scrubbing masks magmatic degassing during repose at Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc volcanoes","docAbstract":"Between 1992 and 1998, we sampled gas discharges from ≤173°C fumaroles and springs at 12 quiescent but potentially restless volcanoes in the Cascade Range and Aleutian Arc (CRAA) including Mount Shasta, Mount Hood, Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Augustine Volcano, Mount Griggs, Trident, Mount Mageik, Aniakchak Crater, Akutan, and Makushin. For each site, we collected and analyzed samples to characterize the chemical (H2O, CO2, H2S, N2, CH4, H2, HCl, HF, NH3, Ar, O2, He) and isotopic (δ13C of CO2, 3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, δ34S, δ13C of CH4, δ15N, and δD and δ18O of water) compositions of the gas discharges, and to create baseline data for comparison during future unrest. The chemical and isotopic data show that these gases contain a magmatic component that is heavily modified from scrubbing by deep hydrothermal (150° - 350°C) water (primary scrubbing) and shallow meteoric water (secondary scrubbing). The impact of scrubbing is most pronounced in gas discharges from bubbling springs; gases from boiling-point fumaroles and superheated vents show progressively less impact from scrubbing. The most effective strategies for detecting gas precursors to future CRAA eruptions are to measure periodically the emission rates of CO2 and SO2, which have low and high respective solubilities in water, and to monitor continuously CO2 concentrations in soils around volcanic vents. Timely resampling of fumaroles can augment the geochemical surveillance program by watching for chemical changes associated with drying of fumarolic pathways (all CRAA sites), increases in gas geothermometry temperatures (Mount Mageik, Trident, Mount Baker, Mount Shasta), changes in δ13C of CO2 affiliated with magma movement (all CRAA site), and increases in 3He/4He coupled with intrusion of new magma (Mount Rainier, Augustine Volcano, Makushin, Mount Shasta). Repose magmatic degassing may discharge substantial amounts of S and Cl into the edifices of Mount Baker and several other CRAA volcanoes that is trapped by primary and secondary scrubbing. The consequent acidic fluids produce ongoing alteration in the 0.2- to 3-km-deep hydrothermal systems and in fields of boiling-point fumaroles near the surface. Such alteration may influence edifice stability and contribute to the formation of more-hazardous cohesive debris flows. In particular, we recommend further investigation of the volume, extent, and hazards of hydrothermal alteration at Mount Baker. Other potential hazards associated with the CRAA volcano hydrothermal systems include hydrothermal eruptions and, for deeper systems intruded by magma, deep-seated edifice collapse.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03435","usgsCitation":"Symonds, R.B., Janik, C.J., Evans, W.C., Ritchie, B., Counce, D., Poreda, R., and Iven, M., 2003, Scrubbing masks magmatic degassing during repose at Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc volcanoes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-435, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03435.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4952,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0435/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":177575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr03435.jpg"},{"id":283927,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0435/pdf/of03-435.pdf"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Alaska;British Columbia;California;Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade-range Volcanoes;Aleutian-arc Volcanoes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,32.53 ], [ 172.45,60.0 ], [ -114.05,60.0 ], [ -114.05,32.53 ], [ 172.45,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symonds, Robert B.","contributorId":70432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symonds","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ritchie, B.E.","contributorId":83153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Counce, Dale","contributorId":25966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counce","given":"Dale","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poreda, R.J.","contributorId":97138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Iven, Mark","contributorId":39446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iven","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}