The unusual characteristics of subterranean flow in karst aquifers allow for the transport of sediment. Kartst ground-water system are created by dissolution of the bedrock matrix coupled with structural and stratigraphic controls. As a result, high flow velocities, large-diameter openings, and turbulent flow, all necessary for the entrainment and transport of particles, are present—at least episodically—in most karst systems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies of cave sediments: Physical and chemical records of paleoclimate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-5766-3_2","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Personne, J., Lynch, F.L., and Van Metre, P.C., 2007, Sediment and sediment-associated contaminant transport through karst, chap. of Studies of cave sediments: Physical and chemical records of paleoclimate, p. 23-46, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5766-3_2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personne, J.-C.","contributorId":26840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personne","given":"J.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, F. Leo","contributorId":303370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynch","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":211144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70121054,"text":"70121054 - 2007 - Book review: Remote sensing of mountain glaciers and permafrost creep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T10:58:40","indexId":"70121054","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:42:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Remote sensing of mountain glaciers and permafrost creep","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","doi":"10.3189/172756507781833857","usgsCitation":"Williams, R., 2007, Book review: Remote sensing of mountain glaciers and permafrost creep: Journal of Glaciology, v. 53, no. 180, p. 153-153, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756507781833857.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"153","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756507781833857","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"180","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464c9e4b073ff773a7ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":17355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70065870,"text":"ofr20071047KP08 - 2007 - A pan-Precambrian link between deglaciation and environmental oxidation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-07T11:55:04","indexId":"ofr20071047KP08","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:38:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-KP-08","title":"A pan-Precambrian link between deglaciation and environmental oxidation","docAbstract":"Despite a continuous increase in solar luminosity to the present, Earth’s glacial record appears to become more frequent, \nthough less severe, over geological time. At least two of the \nthree major Precambrian glacial intervals were exceptionally \nintense, with solid evidence for widespread sea ice on or near \nthe equator, well within a “Snowball Earth” zone produced \nby ice-albedo runaway in energy-balance models. The end \nof the first unambiguously low-latitude glaciation, the early \nPaleoproterozoic Makganyene event, is associated intimately \nwith the first solid evidence for global oxygenation, including the world’s largest sedimentary manganese deposit. \nSubsequent low-latitude deglaciations during the Cryogenian \ninterval of the Neoproterozoic Era are also associated with \nprogressive oxidation, and these young Precambrian ice ages \ncoincide with the time when basal animal phyla were diversifying. However, specifically testing hypotheses of cause \nand effect between Earth’s Neoproterozoic biosphere and \nglaciation is complicated because large and rapid True Polar \nWander events appear to punctuate Neoproterozoic time and \nmay have episodically dominated earlier and later intervals \nas well, rendering geographic reconstruction and age correlation challenging except for an exceptionally well-defined \nglobal paleomagnetic database.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academies Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071047KP08","usgsCitation":"Raub, T., and Kirschvink, J., 2007, A pan-Precambrian link between deglaciation and environmental oxidation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047-KP-08, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071047KP08.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"90","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047KP08.JPG"},{"id":280648,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/kp/kp08/of2007-1047kp08.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4a40e4b0b290850efa7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raub, T.J.","contributorId":74290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raub","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirschvink, J.L.","contributorId":59717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschvink","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70094168,"text":"ofr20071047SRP051 - 2007 - Jurassic silicic volcanism in the Transantarctic Mountains: Was it related to plate margin processes or to Ferrar magmatism?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-18T11:52:38","indexId":"ofr20071047SRP051","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:34:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-SRP-051","title":"Jurassic silicic volcanism in the Transantarctic Mountains: Was it related to plate margin processes or to Ferrar magmatism?","docAbstract":"Silicic volcanism in the Transantarctic Mountains, represented by rhyolitic tuff that mainly precedes \nemplacement of the Ferrar Large Igneous Province, is important in interpretation of the tectonic evolution of the \nAntarctic sector of Gondwana. Sr and Nd isotope data indicate that the tuffs are not directly related to Ferrar \nmagmatism nor to melting of the underlying Ross orogen crust yet zircon gives a U-Pb age of 182.7±1.8 Ma, similar to \nthe U/Pb age for the Ferrar. Distribution of the silicic tuffs along 1400 km of the Transantarctic Mountains suggests, \nalternatively, a relationship to the Gondwana plate margin. Although West Antarctica comprises Mesoproterozoic \ncrustal terrains, few analyzed rocks are compatible isotopically with the Lower Jurassic tuffs. The source of the tuffs \nmust lie in unexposed Early Jurassic magmatic centers in West Antarctica or an unexposed crustal terrain beneath the \nTransantarctic Mountains.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071047SRP051","usgsCitation":"Elliot, D., Fleming, T., Foland, K., and Fanning, C., 2007, Jurassic silicic volcanism in the Transantarctic Mountains: Was it related to plate margin processes or to Ferrar magmatism?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047-SRP-051, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071047SRP051.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047SRP051.JPG"},{"id":282477,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp051/of2007-1047srp051.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 146.0,-88.1 ], [ 146.0,-71.4 ], [ -15.4,-71.4 ], [ -15.4,-88.1 ], [ 146.0,-88.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6364e4b0b290850fec44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliot, D.H.","contributorId":40670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliot","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, T.H.","contributorId":69057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foland, K.A.","contributorId":13357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foland","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fanning, C.M.","contributorId":82434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200686,"text":"70200686 - 2007 - Statistical methods for paleovector analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:33:24","indexId":"70200686","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:33:16","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Statistical methods for paleovector analysis","docAbstract":"Our concern is with the statistical description of paleomagnetic vectors and the estimation of their mean and variance. These vectors may come from a number of different rock units or archeological samples, representing a range of acquisition times, and be useful for studies of the mean paleomagnetic field and paleosecular variation; alternatively, the vectors may come from individual measurements taken from a given rock unit or archeological sample, representing the same moment of acquisition, and be useful for studying the acquisition process itself. Directional data of a particular polarity are usually analyzed with a Fisher distribution (1953), and data of mixed polarities are usually analyzed with a Bingham distribution (1964). Occasionally, other directional distributions are used. For example, Bingham (1983) considered the projection of a three‐dimensional (3D), scalar‐variance Gaussian distribution onto the unit sphere, something he called the “angular‐Gaussian” distribution. More recently, Khokhlov et al. (2001) considered a generalization of the angular‐Gaussian distribution, one with a covariance matrix, which they used to analyze directional data from a number of sites. With respect to intensity data, they have traditionally been treated separately from paleodirections, analyzed with normal, log‐normal, or gamma distributions. Here, for data of either a particular polarity or of mixed polarities, we summarize these works, and that of Love and Constable (2003), who developed a full‐vector, scalar‐variance, Gaussian‐statistical framework for treating directional and intensity data simultaneously and self‐consistently.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_295","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2007, Statistical methods for paleovector analysis, chap. of Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_295.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10da23e4b034bf6a7fc703","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120890,"text":"70120890 - 2007 - Integration of seafloor point data in usSEABED","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T09:29:55","indexId":"70120890","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:33:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integration of seafloor point data in usSEABED","docAbstract":"Sediments of the beach, nearshore, and continental shelves record a complex interplay of processes including wave energy and direction , currents, beach erosion or accretion, bluff or cliff retreat, fluvial input, sediment longshore and cross-shelf transport processes, contaminant content and transport, sediment sources and sinks, and others. In turn, sediments and rocks modify wave patterns, affect recreation and tourism, and provide habitat for fish, epifauna, and infauna. Character of the surficial seafloor also influences navigation, commercial and recreational fishing and gathering of other food sources, communication, piplines, national defense, and provides geologic resources including sand and gravel aggregates, minerals, and real or potential energy sources. The beaches, nearshore, and continental margins fall under overlapping levels of managerial responsibility between Federal, State, regional, and local government agencies and consortia. In addition, universities and other academic institutions investigate these places for pure or applied scientific reasons.
\nMapping is usually the first step in understanding any issue and is often comprised of remotely gathered geophysical data such as bathymetry and backscatter imagery, and groundtruthing; that is, the collection of physical and virtual samples to tie the remotely gathered data to reality. The physical samples are described and (or) carefully analyzed for grain-size information -- which records both the site's physical conditions and geologic past -- and commonly, for constituent components such as mineral and rock types (to determine onland sources and in situ chemical processes), carbonate and organic content and microfossils (for biological and oceanographic influences), and structure such as layering and bioturbation (for physical influences). The samples may also be subjected to physical tests such as comp[action analyses, liquefaction or plasticity limits, ans other parameters important when considering construction of offshore structures. In recent years, virtual sampling of the seafloor has become popular, through the use of towed video or photographic equipment and the addition of camera to oceanographic equipment such as corers and tripods.
\nBefore about ten years ago, most maps were made by hand. Recently, with the advent of desktop GIS packages, map making and resource analysis can be done nearly \"on-the-fly\" if geographically located data exist. While the problems of projection, scale, and resolution of digitized paper maps are commonly known amongst GIS-users, access to the original underlying point data allows for maps to be regenerated for digital use using statistically proven methods, provides increasing data density by including multiple studies, as well as allows the point data to be used in other ways than just mapping.
\nThese point data may be available in raw or refined or in worded descriptions. Raw data such as granulometric analyses can be manipulated through the use of known equations or empirical relationships to provide information about other parameters of the sediment, such as mean grainsize, sorting, erodability, or rugosity. If refined data are presented such as gravel, sand, and mud percentages, the parameter noted earlier may be estimated. In the case of worded descriptions, values for geologic terms can be assigned, for example, \"fine sand\" equate to 0.2 mm sized particles, to provide numeric terms for GIS or modeling purposes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Coastal Zone '07","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"NOAA Coastal Services Center","publisherLocation":"Charleston, SC","usgsCitation":"Reid, J.A., Williams, S.J., Zimmermann, M., Jenkins, C., and Golden, N., 2007, Integration of seafloor point data in usSEABED, in Proceedings of Coastal Zone '07, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe6e4b0333418718924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Jane A. 0000-0003-1771-3894 jareid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-3894","contributorId":2826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Jane","email":"jareid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmermann, Mark","contributorId":49479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, Chris","contributorId":28541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E.","contributorId":58356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200685,"text":"70200685 - 2007 - Principal component analysis in paleomagnetism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:30:37","indexId":"70200685","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:30:29","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Principal component analysis in paleomagnetism","docAbstract":"When studying the mean and variance of paleomagnetic data it is a common practice to employ principal component analysis (Jolliffe, 2002). The theory of this method is related to the mathematics quantifying the moment of inertia of a set of particles of mass about some reference point of interest. For the purposes of data analysis, principal component analysis was first promoted by Pearson (1901) and Hotelling (1933), and it also often associated with Karhunen (1947) and Loéve (1977). Principal component analysis is widely applied in crystallography (e.g., Schomaker et al., 1959). In paleomagnetism (e.g., Mardia, 1972; Kirschvink, 1980), it finds application in studies of the average paleofield, paleosecular variation, demagnetization, and magnetic susceptibility. Here we discuss and demonstrate principal component analysis in application to full paleomagnetic vectorial data and, separately, to paleomagnetic directional data.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_271","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2007, Principal component analysis in paleomagnetism, chap. of Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_271.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10da24e4b034bf6a7fc70a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200684,"text":"70200684 - 2007 - Observatories, program in USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:29:12","indexId":"70200684","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:29:05","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Observatories, program in USA","docAbstract":"The Geomagnetism Program of the US Geological Survey has, for over a century now, monitored the Earth's magnetic field through a network of magnetic observatories and conducted scientific analysis on the data collected. The program traces its origins to the Reorganization Act of 1843, in which Congress authorized the creation of a coastal survey agency, as part of the Treasury Department, that was responsible for, among other things, geomagnetic surveys. The 19th century saw the establishment of relatively short‐lived magnetic stations, as well as the production of declination maps for the United States and territories. With the purchase of Alaska, coastal surveys became an increasingly higher priority, and in 1889 the Coast and Geodetic Survey, with a Division of Terrestrial Magnetism, was established. The first essentially permanent geomagnetic observatories were established under the Division's leadership of Dr. Louis A. Bauer and Dr. John A. Fleming: Cheltenham Maryland Observatory was established in 1900, subsequently moved to the Fredericksburg site in 1956; Sitka Alaska Observatory was established in 1901 and that of Honolulu Hawaii in 1902. Soon after these observatories became operational, it was found that the Sitka and Honolulu magnetometers were also sensitive to local earthquakes, and so seismometers were installed at the sites. In part, because of this colocation of instruments, the magnetic and seismological programs in the Coast and Geodetic Survey were united in 1925 under the Division of Geomagnetism and Seismology. Over the years, the Geomagnetism Program has evolved in response to the needs of the United States and in response to changes in the nation's various federal agencies. In 1903 the Coast and Geodetic Survey was transferred to the newly organized Department of Commerce, and in 1970 the survey became part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In 1973, the US Geological Survey of the Department of the Interior assumed responsibility for the nation's Geomagnetism and Seismology programs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_231","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., and Townshend, J., 2007, Observatories, program in USA, chap. of Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_231.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10da24e4b034bf6a7fc70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Townshend, J.B.","contributorId":30623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70103159,"text":"ofr20071047SRP098 - 2007 - Cretaceous and Tertiary extension throughout the Ross Sea, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-29T11:44:24","indexId":"ofr20071047SRP098","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:28:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-SRP-098","title":"Cretaceous and Tertiary extension throughout the Ross Sea, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Marine geophysical data from the deep sea adjacent to the Ross Sea, Antarctica suggest that \u001870 km of \nextension occurred between East and West Antarctica from 46 to 2\u0018 Ma. The Northern and Victoria Land Basins in the \nwestern Ross Sea adjacent to the Transantarctic Mountains accommodated 95 km of this extension. Several kilometers \nof Oligocene sediments are found in the Central Trough and Eastern Basin in the eastern Ross Sea. Subsidence \nmodeling accounts for these accumulations with about 40 km of extension in each basin centered on 35 Ma; therefore \nRoss Sea-wide Tertiary extension was comparable to extension in the deep-sea system. The early Tertiary geometry was \nof one oceanic rift that branched into at least three rifts in the continental lithosphere. This pattern is likely due to the \ncontrast of physical properties and thermal state between the two different lithospheres at the continent-ocean boundary.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071047SRP098","usgsCitation":"Decesari, R.C., Wilson, D.C., Luyendyk, B.P., and Faulkner, M., 2007, Cretaceous and Tertiary extension throughout the Ross Sea, Antarctica: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047-SRP-098, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071047SRP098.","productDescription":"6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286763,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp098/of2007-1047srp098.pdf"},{"id":286764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047SRP098.JPG"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5360c9e9e4b082a3ecf53df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Decesari, Robert C.","contributorId":78243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decesari","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Douglas C.","contributorId":34828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luyendyk, Bruce P.","contributorId":100942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luyendyk","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faulkner, Michael","contributorId":100294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200683,"text":"70200683 - 2007 - Magnetic indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:25:07","indexId":"70200683","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:25:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Magnetic indices","docAbstract":"Magnetic indices are simple measures of magnetic activity that occurs, typically, over periods of time of less than a few hours and which is recorded by magnetometers at ground‐based observatories (Mayaud, 1980; Rangarajan, 1989; McPherron, 1995). The variations that indices measure have their origin in the Earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere. Some indices having been designed specifically to quantify idealized physical processes, while others function as more generic measures of magnetic activity. Indices are routinely used across the many subdisciplines in geomagnetism, including direct studies of the physics of the upper atmosphere and space, for induction studies of the Earth's crust and mantle, and for removal of disturbed‐time magnetic data in studies of the Earth's deep interior and core. Here we summarize the most commonly used magnetic indices, using data from a worldwide distribution of observatories, those shown in Figure M31 and whose sponsoring agencies are given in Table M1.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_178","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., and Remick, K., 2007, Magnetic indices, chap. of Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_178.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10da24e4b034bf6a7fc713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Remick, K.J.","contributorId":78139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remick","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200682,"text":"70200682 - 2007 - Fisher statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:23:29","indexId":"70200682","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:23:22","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fisher statistics","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_100","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., 2007, Fisher statistics, chap. of Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_100.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10da24e4b034bf6a7fc717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Jean 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":204255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70200681,"text":"70200681 - 2007 - Bingham statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:22:02","indexId":"70200681","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:21:50","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bingham statistics","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_19","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., 2007, Bingham statistics, chap. of Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_19.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10da24e4b034bf6a7fc71b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70094167,"text":"ofr20071047SRP050 - 2007 - New magnetic anomaly map of East Antarctica and surrounding regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-18T11:30:56","indexId":"ofr20071047SRP050","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:19:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-SRP-050","title":"New magnetic anomaly map of East Antarctica and surrounding regions","docAbstract":"More than 500,000 line-km of new airborne and shipborne data, recently acquired by the international\ncommunity over East Antarctica and surrounding regions, significantly upgrade the Antarctic Digital Magnetic \nAnomaly Project (ADMAP) compilation and lead to substantial improvements in magnetic anomaly pattern recognition. \nNew data have been matched in one inverse operation by minimizing the data differences for the areas of overlap. The \naeromagnetic data show many previously unknown magnetic patterns, lineaments and trends, defining the spatial extent \nof Ferrar volcanics and plutonic Granite Harbour Intrusives in the Transantarctic Mountains and previously unknown \ntectonic trends of the East Antarctic craton. Regional aeromagnetic investigations have successfully delineated Early \nPaleozoic inherited crustal features along the flanks of the West Antarctic Rift System and the southern boundary of the \nArchean Ruker Terrane in the Prince Charles Mountains. Magnetic records along the East Antarctic continental margin \nprovide new constraints on the breakup of Gondwana.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. 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inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047SRP050.JPG"},{"id":282475,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp050/of2007-1047srp050_plate1.pdf"},{"id":282474,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp050/of2007-1047srp050.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd68fce4b0b290851026ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golynsky, A.","contributorId":78242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golynsky","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, 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C.","contributorId":60219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Golynsky, D.","contributorId":93379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golynsky","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goncharov, A.","contributorId":105221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goncharov","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ishihara, T.","contributorId":14298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishihara","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ivanov, S.","contributorId":37252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jokat, W.","contributorId":59242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokat","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kim, H.R.","contributorId":100742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Konig, M.","contributorId":35229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konig","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Masolov, Valery","contributorId":102788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masolov","given":"Valery","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Nogi, Y.","contributorId":102379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nogi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Sand, M.","contributorId":49270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sand","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Studing, M.","contributorId":76224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Studing","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"ADMAP Working Group","contributorId":128064,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"ADMAP Working Group","id":535628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70120415,"text":"70120415 - 2007 - Coupling alongshore variations in wave energy to beach morphologic change using the SWAN wave model at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T11:45:25","indexId":"70120415","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coupling alongshore variations in wave energy to beach morphologic change using the SWAN wave model at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA","docAbstract":"Coastal managers have faced increasing pressure to manage their resources wisely over the last century as a result of heightened development and changing environmental forcing. It is crucial to understand seasonal changes in beach volume and shape in order to identify areas vulnerable to accelerated erosion. Shepard (1950) was among the first to quantify seasonal beach cycles. Sonu and Van Beek (1971) and Wright et al. (1985) described commonly occurring beach states. Most studies utilize widest spaced 2-D cross shore profiles or shorelines extracted from aerial photographs (e.g. Winant et al. 1975; Aubrey, 1979, Aubrey and Ross, 1985; Larson and Kraus, 1994; Jimenez et al., 1977; Lacey and Peck, 1998; Guillen et al., 1999; Norcorss et al., 2002) to analyzed systematic changes in beach evolution. But with the exception of established field stations, such as Duck, NC (Birkemeier and Mason, 1984), ans Hazaki Oceanographical Research Station (HORS) in Japan (Katoh, 1997), there are very few beach change data sets with high temporal and spatial resolutions (e.g. Dail et al., 2000; Ruggiero et al., 2005; Yates et al., in press). Comprehensive sets of nearshore morphological data and local in situ measurements outside of these field stations are very rare and virtually non-existent high-energy coasts. Studied that have attempted to relate wave statistics to beach morphology change require some knowledge of the nearshore wave climate, and have had limited success using offshore measurement (Sonu and Van Beek, 1971; Dail et al., 2000).
\nThe primary objective of this study is to qualitatively compare spatially variable nearshore wave predictions to beach change measurements in order to understand the processes responsible for a persistent erosion 'hotspot' at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA. Local wave measurements are used to calibrate and validate a wave model that provides nearshore wave prediction along the beach. The model is run for thousands of binned offshore wave conditions to help isolate the effects of offshore wave direction and period on nearshore wave predictions. Alongshore varying average beach change statistics are computed at specific profile locations from topographic beach surveys and lidar data.
\nThe study area is located in the San Francisco Bight in central California. Ocean Beach is a seven kilometer long north-south trending sandy coastline located just south of the entrance to the San Francisco Bay Estuary (Figure 1). It contains an erosion hotspot in the southern part of the beach which has resulted in damage to local infrastructure and is the cause of continued concern. A wide range of field data collection and numerical modeling efforts have been focused here as part of the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) San Francisco Bight Coastal Processes Study, which began in October 2003 and represents the first comprehensive study of coastal processes at the mouth of San Francisco Bay.
\nOcean Beach is exposed to very strong tidal flows, with measured currents often in excess of 1 m/s at the north end of the beach. Current profiler measurements indicate that current magnitudes are greater in the northern portion of the beach, while wave energy is greater in the southern portion where erosion problems are greatest (Barnard et al., 2007). The sub-aerial beach volume fluctuates seasonally over a maximum envelope of 400,000 m3 for the seven kilometer stretch (Barnard et al, 2007). The wave climate in the region is dominated by an abundance of low frequency energy (greater than 20 s period) and prevailing northwest incident wave angles. The application of a wave model to the region is further complicated by the presence of the Farallon Islands 40 kilometers west, and a massive ebb tidal delta at the mouth of San Francisco Bay (~150 km2), which creates complicated refraction patterns as wave energy moves from offshore Ocean Beach; however the cost and threat of the energetic nearshore environment have limited the temporal and spatial resolution of these measurements. Applying numerical models to predict wave and current patterns along the beach can help supplement the filed data that exists and provide opportunities to make prediction about the impacts of changing environmental forcing.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"10th International Workshop on Wind Hindcasting and Forecasting and Coastal Hazard Symposium: North Shore, Oahu, November 11-16, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wave Workshop","usgsCitation":"Eshleman, J.L., Barnard, P., Erikson, L., and Hanes, D.M., 2007, Coupling alongshore variations in wave energy to beach morphologic change using the SWAN wave model at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA, in 10th International Workshop on Wind Hindcasting and Forecasting and Coastal Hazard Symposium: North Shore, Oahu, November 11-16, 2007, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292189,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waveworkshop.org/10thWaves/ProgramFrameset.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.596909,37.693335 ], [ -122.596909,37.929771 ], [ -122.327915,37.929771 ], [ -122.327915,37.693335 ], [ -122.596909,37.693335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd44e4b0f61b386d23b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eshleman, Jodi L.","contributorId":91940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshleman","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, Li H.","contributorId":10880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanes, Daniel M.","contributorId":96360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70121042,"text":"70121042 - 2007 - Model scenarios of shoreline change at Kaanapali Beach, Maui, Hawaii: Seasonal and extreme events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-17T12:26:23.804533","indexId":"70121042","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:13:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Model scenarios of shoreline change at Kaanapali Beach, Maui, Hawaii: Seasonal and extreme events","docAbstract":"Kaanapali beach is a well-defined littoral cell of carbonate sand extending 2 km south from Black Rock (a basalt headland) to Hanakao'o Point. The beach experiences dynamic seasonal shoreline change forced by longshore transport from two dominant swell regimes. In summer, south swells (Hs = 1–2 m Tp = 14–25 s) drive sand to the north, while in winter, north swells (Hs = 5–8 m Tp = 14–20 s) drive sand to the south where it accumulates on a submerged fossil reef. The Delft3D modeling system accurately predicts directly observed tidal currents and wave heights around West Maui, and is applied to simulate shoreline change. Morphologic simulations qualitatively resolve the observed seasonal behavior.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)95","usgsCitation":"Vitousek, S., Fletcher, C., Merrifield, M.A., Pawlak, G., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2007, Model scenarios of shoreline change at Kaanapali Beach, Maui, Hawaii: Seasonal and extreme events, in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, p. 1227-1240, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)95.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1227","endPage":"1240","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kannapali Beach, Maui","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.697974,20.909627 ], [ -156.697974,20.928681 ], [ -156.688324,20.928681 ], [ -156.688324,20.909627 ], [ -156.697974,20.909627 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cde4b073ff773a7d36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vitousek, Sean 0000-0002-3369-4673 svitousek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-4673","contributorId":149065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","email":"svitousek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Charles H.","contributorId":30286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Charles H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrifield, Mark A.","contributorId":40525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrifield","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pawlak, Geno","contributorId":66178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlak","given":"Geno","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70120881,"text":"70120881 - 2007 - Pliocene environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T11:14:03","indexId":"70120881","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:11:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Pliocene environments","docAbstract":"The Pliocene spans the interval of Earth history from ca. 5.3 to 1.8 million years ago (Ma). Although details are still debated there is much evidence from continental and oceanic locations indicating that conditions from 5.3 to about 3.0 Ma were often warmer than in modern times in mid- and high latitudes and that climate variability was subdued compared to the Pleistocene. Millennial-scale early Pliocene climate records are dominated by 19–21 thousand years ago (ka) oscillations. Starting at about 3.0 Ma, a long-term trend toward climate cooling and the ice ages of the Pleistocene accelerated. Significant build-up of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets began around 2.9 Ma and climate variability as measured by the oxygen isotope record in deep-sea carbonate microfossils increased. Distinct glacial–interglacial cycles developed in the late Pliocene between 2.9 and 2.7 Ma.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00011-9","isbn":"9780444527479","usgsCitation":"Poore, R., 2007, Pliocene environments, chap. of Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, p. 1948-1958, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00011-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1948","endPage":"1958","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292405,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00011-9"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25feae4b0333418718943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120411,"text":"70120411 - 2007 - Swash zone characteristics at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T11:11:04","indexId":"70120411","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:07:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Swash zone characteristics at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA","docAbstract":"Runup data collected during the summer of 2005 at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA are analyzed and considered to be typical summer swash characteristics at this site. Analysis shows that the beach was dissipative with Iribarren numbers between 0.05 and 0.4 and that infragravity energy dominated. Foreshore slopes were mild between 0.01 and 0.05 with swash periods on the order of a minute. Predicted runup heights obtained with six previously developed analytical runup formulae were compared to measured extreme runup statistics. Formulations dependent on offshore wave height, foreshore slope and deep water wavelength gave reasonable results.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal engineering 2006: proceedings of the 30th international conference: San Diego, California, USA, 3-8 September 2006","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789812709554_0078","usgsCitation":"Erikson, L.H., Hanes, D., Barnard, P., and Gibbs, A.E., 2007, Swash zone characteristics at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, CA, in Coastal engineering 2006: proceedings of the 30th international conference: San Diego, California, USA, 3-8 September 2006, v. 1, p. 909-921, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812709554_0078.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"909","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292182,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812709554_0078"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Ocean Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.596909,37.693335 ], [ -122.596909,37.929771 ], [ -122.327915,37.929771 ], [ -122.327915,37.693335 ], [ -122.596909,37.693335 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd52e4b0f61b386d248a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erikson, L. H.","contributorId":21366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanes, D.M.","contributorId":22479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibbs, A. E.","contributorId":54229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70094918,"text":"ofr20071047SRP068 - 2007 - The United States Polar Rock Repository: A geological resource for the Earth science community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-25T11:28:24","indexId":"ofr20071047SRP068","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T11:05:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-SRP-068","title":"The United States Polar Rock Repository: A geological resource for the Earth science community","docAbstract":"The United States Polar Rock Repository (USPRR) is a U. S. national facility designed for the permanent \ncuratorial preservation of rock samples, along with associated materials such as field notes, annotated air photos and \nmaps, raw analytic data, paleomagnetic cores, ground rock and mineral residues, thin sections, and microfossil mounts, \nmicroslides and residues from Polar areas. This facility was established by the Office of Polar Programs at the U. S. \nNational Science Foundation (NSF) to minimize redundant sample collecting, and also because the extreme cold and \nhazardous field conditions make fieldwork costly and difficult. The repository provides, along with an on-line database \nof sample information, an essential resource for proposal preparation, pilot studies and other sample based research that \nshould make fieldwork more efficient and effective. This latter aspect should reduce the environmental impact of \nconducting research in sensitive Polar Regions. The USPRR also provides samples for educational outreach. Rock \nsamples may be borrowed for research or educational purposes as well as for museum exhibits.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. 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On the perimeter of the basin, outcrops of the Frontier Formation were examined and described during the years 1972-1975. Invertebrate fossils were collected from those outcrops during the years 1972-1996, in places with the assistance of other earth scientists\n(see Acknowledgments).\nThe Frontier Formation in the Wind River Basin, ranging in thickness from 650 to 1,000 ft thick, consists mainly of sandstone, siltstone, shale, and bentonite of early Late Cretaceous age. The Frontier conformably overlies the Mowry Shale and is conformably overlain by the Cody Shale. A basal unit of the Cody, a sequence of marine noncalcareous shale, is named the Sage Breaks Member. The Frontier consists of two or three members, separated by disconformities; in ascending order, the Belle Fourche, Emigrant Gap, and Wall Creek. At several localities, the Emigrant Gap Member is missing. The formation was deposited mainly in marine environments, although nonmarine beds are conspicuous in the western part of the basin. Strata of the Frontier record a succession of marine regressions and transgressions. Molluscan fossils from the marine beds were identified and related to the chronostratigraphic chart shown in figure 2. The absolute ages on the chart were determined and supplied by J.D. Obradovich (Cobban and others, 2006). In this region, the Belle Fourche is of Cenomanian age, the Emigrant Gap is of early middle Turonian age, and the Wall Creek is of late Turonian and early Coniacian ages.\nThe main purpose of this report is to present biostratigraphic information from studies of the Frontier Formation in the Wind River Basin that could be useful for future stratigraphic investigations of the formation throughout Wyoming. Locations of outcrop sections and associated fossil collections are depicted on accompanying maps and aerial photographs. Graphic descriptions of strata in the outcrops and identifications of fossils from nearby localities also are presented. Those fossils named on the graphic sections commonly have the most restricted time-spans. Fossils collected near the outcrops studied are not always named on the enclosed graphic sections because (1) the specimens are less useful for dating the enclosing beds, (2) the specimens are duplicates, or (3) the specimens could not be related to specific strata in the sections. The names, locations, and members of the outcrop sections and the approximate ages of the constituent strata are summarized in table 1.\nThe index maps used to show locations of outcrop sections and fossil collections are from scanned versions of U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps of various scales and were obtained from TerraServer®. The portion of each map used depended on the areal distribution of the localities involved. The named quadrangles used for locality descriptions, however, all refer to 7½-minute, 1:24,000-scale quadrangles (for example, “Alcova”). The aerial photographs also are from TerraServer®; http://www.terraserver.com/.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas resources in the Wind River Basin Province, Wyoming (Data Series 69-J)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69J11","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 11 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas resources in the Wind River Basin Province, Wyoming. For more information, see: Data Series 69-J.","usgsCitation":"Merewether, E., and Cobban, W.A., 2007, Outcrop descriptions and fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation, Wind River Basin and adjacent areas, Wyoming: Chapter 11 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas resources in the Wind River Basin Province, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69-J-11, vi, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69J11.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p.","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":674,"text":"Wind River Basin Province Assessment Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69j11.png"},{"id":276373,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-j/REPORTS/69_J_CH_11.pdf"},{"id":276372,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-j/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.1,42.0 ], [ -110.1,44.0 ], [ -106.0,44.0 ], [ -106.0,42.0 ], [ -110.1,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520a03f5e4b0026c2bc11c24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merewether, E.A.","contributorId":32517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merewether","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobban, W. A.","contributorId":21577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199107,"text":"70199107 - 2007 - Uranium(VI) release from contaminated vadose zone sediments: Estimation of potential contributions from dissolution and desorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-30T11:24:30.447923","indexId":"70199107","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T10:57:40","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Uranium(VI) release from contaminated vadose zone sediments: Estimation of potential contributions from dissolution and desorption","docAbstract":"A key difficulty in developing accurate, science-based conceptual models for remediation of contaminated field sites is the proper accounting of multiple coupled geochemical and hydrologic processes. An example of such a difficulty is the separation of desorption and dissolution processes in releasing contaminants from sediments to groundwaters; very few studies are found in the literature that attempt to quantify contaminant release by these two processes. In this study, the results from several extraction techniques, isotopic exchange experiments, and published spectroscopic studies were combined to estimate the contributions of desorption and dissolution to U(VI) release from contaminated sediments collected from the vadose zone beneath former waste disposal ponds in the Hanford 300-Area (Washington State). Vertical profiles of sediments were collected at four locations from secondary pond surfaces down to, and slightly below, the water table. In three of the four profiles, uraniumconcentration gradients were observed in the sediments, with the highest U concentrations at the top of the profile. One of the vertical profiles contained sediments with U concentrations up to 4.2×10−7 mol g−1 (100 ppm). U(VI) release to artificial groundwater solutions (AGWs) and extracts from these high-U concentration sediments occurred primarily from dissolution of precipitated U(VI) minerals, including the mineral metatorbernite, [Cu(UO2PO4)2·8H2O]. At the bottom of this profile, beneath the water table, and in all three of the other profiles, U concentrations were <5.88×10−8 mol g−1 (14 ppm), and U(VI) release to AGWs occurred primarily due to desorption of U(VI). When reacted in batch experiments with AGWs with compositions representative of the range of chemical conditions in the underlying aquifer, all samples released U(VI) at concentrations greater than regulatory limits within few hours. A semi-mechanistic surface complexation model was developed to describe U(VI) adsorption on sediments collected from near the water table, as a function of pH, alkalinity, and Ca and U(VI) concentrations, using ranges in these variables relevant to groundwater conditions in the aquifer. Dilute (bi)carbonate solution extractions and uranium isotopic exchange methods were capable of estimating adsorbed U(VI) in samples where U(VI) release was predominantly due to U(VI) desorption; these techniques were not effective at estimating adsorbed U(VI) where U(VI) release was affected by dissolution of U(VI) minerals. The combination of extraction and isotopic exchange results, spectroscopic studies, and surface complexation modeling allow an adequate understanding for the development of a geochemical conceptual model for U(VI) release to the aquifer. The overall approach has generic value for evaluating the potential for release of metals and radionuclides from sediments that contain both precipitated and adsorbed contaminant speciation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developments in earth and environmental sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1571-9197(07)07014-0","usgsCitation":"Bond, D.L., Davis, J., and Zachara, J.M., 2007, Uranium(VI) release from contaminated vadose zone sediments: Estimation of potential contributions from dissolution and desorption, chap. 14 of Developments in earth and environmental sciences, v. 7, p. 375-416, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-9197(07)07014-0.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"416","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98c09ce4b0702d0e845c2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bond, Deborah L.","contributorId":207537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zachara, John M.","contributorId":7421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121037,"text":"70121037 - 2007 - Glacial landforms on German Bank, Scotian Shelf: evidence for Late Wisconsinan ice-sheet dynamics and implications for the formation of De Geer moraines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:01:19","indexId":"70121037","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T10:57:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1068,"text":"Boreas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial landforms on German Bank, Scotian Shelf: evidence for Late Wisconsinan ice-sheet dynamics and implications for the formation of De Geer moraines","docAbstract":"The extent and behaviour of the southeast margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Atlantic Canada is of significance in the study of Late Wisconsinan ice sheet-ocean interactions. Multibeam sonar imagery of subglacial, ice-marginal and glaciomarine landforms on German Bank, Scotian Shelf, provides evidence of the pattern of glacial-dynamic events in the eastern Gulf of Maine. Northwest-southeast trending drumlins and megaflutes dominate northern German Bank. On southern German Bank, megaflutes of thin glacial deposits create a distinct northwest-southeast grain. Lobate regional moraines (>10km long) are concave to the northwest, up-ice direction and strike southwest-northeast, normal to the direction of ice flow. Ubiquitous, overlying De Geer moraines (<10 km long) also strike southwest-northeast. The mapped pattern of moraines implies that, shortly after the last maximum glaciation, the tidewater ice sheet began to retreat north from German Bank, forming De Geer moraines at the grounding line with at least one glacial re-advance during the general retreat. The results indicate that the Laurentide Ice Sheet extended onto the continental shelf.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3885.2007.tb01189.x","usgsCitation":"Todd, B.J., Valentine, P.C., Longva, O., and Shaw, J., 2007, Glacial landforms on German Bank, Scotian Shelf: evidence for Late Wisconsinan ice-sheet dynamics and implications for the formation of De Geer moraines: Boreas, v. 36, no. 2, p. 148-169, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2007.tb01189.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Nova Scotia","otherGeospatial":"German Bank, Scotian Shelf","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.0,42.0 ], [ -70.0,45.0 ], [ -63.0,45.0 ], [ -63.0,42.0 ], [ -70.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cae4b073ff773a7d0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Brian J.","contributorId":33228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longva, Oddvar","contributorId":38478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longva","given":"Oddvar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaw, John","contributorId":27369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047562,"text":"ds69J10 - 2007 - Detailed measured sections, cross sections, and paleogeographic reconstructions of the upper cretaceous and lower tertiary nonmarine interval, Wind River Basin, Wyoming: Chapter 10 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas resources in the Wind River Basin Province, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T10:56:08","indexId":"ds69J10","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-J-10","title":"Detailed measured sections, cross sections, and paleogeographic reconstructions of the upper cretaceous and lower tertiary nonmarine interval, Wind River Basin, Wyoming: Chapter 10 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas resources in the Wind River Basin Province, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Detailed measured sections and regional stratigraphic \ncross sections are used to reconstruct facies maps and \ninterpret paleogeographic settings for the interval from the \nbase of Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Formation to top of \nlower member of the Paleocene Fort Union Formation in \nthe Wind River Basin, Wyoming. The Mesaverde Formation \nspans the time during which the Upper Cretaceous seaway \nretreated eastward out of central Wyoming in Campanian time \nand the initial stages of the Lewis transgression in earliest \nMaastrichtian time. This retreat stalled for a considerable \nperiod of time during deposition of the lower part of the \nMesaverde, creating a thick buildup of marginal marine \nsandstones and coaly coastal plain deposits across the western \npart of the basin. \nThe Lewis sea transgressed into the northeast part of \nWind River Basin, beginning in early Maastrichtian time \nduring deposition of the Teapot Sandstone Member of the \nMesaverde Formation. The Meeteetse Formation, which \noverlies the Teapot, was deposited in a poorly-drained coastal \nplain setting southwest of the Lewis seaway. The Lewis \nseaway, at maximum transgression, covered much of the \nnortheast half of the Wind River Basin area but was clearly \ndeflected around the present site of the Wind River Range, \nsouthwest of the basin, providing the first direct evidence of \nLaramide uplift on that range. \nUplift of the Wind River Range continued during \ndeposition of the overlying Maastrichtian Lance Formation. \nThe Granite Mountains south of the basin also became a \npositive feature during this time. A rapidly subsiding trough \nduring the Maastrichtian time formed near the presentday trough of the Wind River Basin in which more than \n6,000 feet of Lance was deposited. The development of this \ntrough appears to have begun before the adjacent Owl Creek \nMountains to the north started to rise; however, a muddy \nfacies in the upper part of Lance in the deep subsurface, just to \nthe south, might be interpreted to indicate that the Cretaceous \nCody Shale was being eroded off a rising Owl Creek \nMountains in latest Cretaceous time. \nThe Paleocene Fort Union Formation unconformably \noverlies older units but with only slight angular discordance \naround much of the margins of the Wind River Basin. Pre-Fort Union erosion was most pronounced toward the Wind \nRiver Range to the southwest, where the Fort Union ultimately \noverlies strata as old as the upper part of the Cretaceous Cody \nShale. The unconformity appears to die out toward the basin \ncenter. Coal-forming mires developed throughout the western \npart of the basin near the beginning of the Paleocene. River \nsystems entering the basin from the Wind River Range to the \nsouthwest and the Granite Mountains to the south produced \nareas of sandy fluvial deposition along mountain fronts. A \nmajor river system appears to have entered the basin from \nabout the same spot along the Wind River Range throughout \nmuch of the Paleocene, probably because it became incised \nand could not migrate laterally. The muddy floodplain \nfacies that developed along the deep basin trough during \nlatest Cretaceous time, expanded during the early part of the \nPaleocene. Coal-forming mires that characterize part of the \nlower Fort Union Formation reached maximum extent near \nthe beginning of the late Paleocene and just prior to the initial \ntransgression of Lake Waltman. \nFrom the time of initial flooding, Lake Waltman \nexpanded rapidly, drowning the coal-forming mires in \nthe central part of the basin and spreading to near basin \nmargins. Outcrop studies along the south margin of the basin \ndocument that once maximum transgression was reached, the \nlake was rapidly pushed basinward and replaced by fluvial \nenvironments.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas resources in the Wind River Basin Province, Wyoming (Data Series 69-J)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds69J10","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 10 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas resources in the Wind River Basin Province, Wyoming. For more information, see: Data Series 69-J.","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., 2007, Detailed measured sections, cross sections, and paleogeographic reconstructions of the upper cretaceous and lower tertiary nonmarine interval, Wind River Basin, Wyoming: Chapter 10 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas resources in the Wind River Basin Province, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69-J-10, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69J10.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[{"id":674,"text":"Wind River Basin Province Assessment Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds69j10.png"},{"id":276367,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-j/REPORTS/69_J_CH_10.pdf"},{"id":276366,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-j/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Basin Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.1,42.0 ], [ -110.1,44.0 ], [ -106.0,44.0 ], [ -106.0,42.0 ], [ -110.1,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520a03e6e4b0026c2bc11af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120875,"text":"70120875 - 2007 - Spatially continuous interpolation of water stage and water depths using the Everglades depth estimation network (EDEN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T11:03:53","indexId":"70120875","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T10:49:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesNumber":"1521","title":"Spatially continuous interpolation of water stage and water depths using the Everglades depth estimation network (EDEN)","docAbstract":"The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of real-time water-level monitoring, ground-elevation modeling, and water-surface modeling that provides scientists and managers with current (2000-present), online water-stage and water-depth information for the entire freshwater portion of the Greater Everglades. Continuous daily spatial interpolations of the EDEN network stage data are presented on a 400-square-meter grid spacing. EDEN offers a consistent and documented dataset that can be used by scientists and managers to (1) guide large-scale field operations, (2) integrate hydrologic and ecological responses, and (3) support biological and ecological assessments that measure ecosystem responses to the implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) The target users are biologists and ecologists examining trophic level responses to hydrodynamic changes in the Everglades.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Florida IFAS Extension","publisherLocation":"Gainesville, FL","usgsCitation":"Pearlstine, L., Higer, A., Palaseanu, M., Fujisaki, I., and Mazzotti, F., 2007, Spatially continuous interpolation of water stage and water depths using the Everglades depth estimation network (EDEN), 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292400,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw278"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.521,25.0945 ], [ -81.521,26.662 ], [ -80.174,26.662 ], [ -80.174,25.0945 ], [ -81.521,25.0945 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25feee4b033341871895b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearlstine, Leonard","contributorId":79174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higer, Aaron","contributorId":102513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higer","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palaseanu, Monica 0000-0002-3786-5118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":91028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu","given":"Monica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":498525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank","contributorId":32609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70074341,"text":"ofr20071047SRP021 - 2007 - Does the late Pliocene change in the architecture of the Antarctic margin correspond to the transition to the modern Antarctic Ice Sheet?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T10:57:43","indexId":"ofr20071047SRP021","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1047-SRP-021","title":"Does the late Pliocene change in the architecture of the Antarctic margin correspond to the transition to the modern Antarctic Ice Sheet?","docAbstract":"We observe in 6 key sectors of East and West Antarctica continental margin a change in the geometry of the\nsedimentary deposits which is characterized by: margin-wide erosion and subsequent progradation on the continental\nshelf; downlap on the continental slope; major mass wasting deposits on the continental rise. The change occurs in the\nlate Neogene in all sectors, though some natural variation exists, and the stratigraphic position is not obvious for every\nmargin. The change is apparently synchronous and dated about 3 Ma in Antarctic Peninsula and Prydz Bay margins and\nbroadly concomitant in the others sectors. This suggests a common driving force, which we suggest to be the transition\nof the Antarctic ice sheet regime from polythermal to present polar cold, dry-based conditions","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World--Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A.--August 26 to September 1, 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071047SRP021","usgsCitation":"Rebesco, M., and Camerlenghi, A., 2007, Does the late Pliocene change in the architecture of the Antarctic margin correspond to the transition to the modern Antarctic Ice Sheet?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047-SRP-021, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071047SRP021.","productDescription":"5 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071047SRP021.png"},{"id":281645,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/srp/srp021/of2007-1047srp021.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd55c1e4b0b290850f67fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rebesco, M.","contributorId":60120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebesco","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camerlenghi, Angelo","contributorId":7450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camerlenghi","given":"Angelo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}