Many studies have examined the differences in bacterial numbers, composition, and activity between groundwater and sediment samples. The majority of the literature has suggested higher percentages of attached bacteria than of unattached bacteria in aquifer systems, including in pristine aquifers and in aquifers contaminated with petroleum, creosote, sewage, and landfill leachate. In studies of aquifer biogeochemistry, much useful information regarding the microbial ecology of the system can be obtained by looking at organic compound and electron acceptor concentrations. An overview of approaches for identifying the redox characteristics of sediment is given in Christensen et al., and methods specific for determining reactive iron species in aquifers are reviewed by Heron et al. and Tuccillo et al. Other solid-phase electron acceptors that are important in aquifer systems include Mn(IV) oxides and barite. Important biogeochemical reactions catalyzed by indigenous microorganisms also are studied using a variety of experimental approaches including laboratory batch and column experiments as well as field-based in situ microcosms, tracer tests, and push-pull tests. The advantage of using a radiolabeled tracer in a study was that the reaction rates could be determined for the different steps in the denitrification pathway. Historically, researchers trained in geochemistry and hydrology created and tested hypotheses about aquifer biogeochemistry through laboratory assays and field-based geo-chemical measurements and experiments. Jeon et al. extended this research by using push-pull tests combined with stable-isotope probing to identify the specific members of the microbial community actively degrading naphthalene and rates of naphthalene degradation.
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2007 - The kelp highway hypothesis: Marine ecology, the coastal migration theory, and the peopling of the Americas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-01T12:16:18.60263","indexId":"70029934","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2363,"text":"Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The kelp highway hypothesis: Marine ecology, the coastal migration theory, and the peopling of the Americas","docAbstract":"In this article, a collaborative effort between archaeologists and marine ecologists, we discuss the role kelp forest ecosystems may have played in facilitating the movement of maritime peoples from Asia to the Americas near the end of the Pleistocene. Growing in cool nearshore waters along rocky coastlines, kelp forests offer some of the most productive habitats on earth, with high primary productivity, magnified secondary productivity, and three-dimensional habitat supporting a diverse array of marine organisms. Today, extensive kelp forests are found around the North Pacific from Japan to Baja California. After a break in the tropics—where nearshore mangrove forests and coral reefs are highly productive—kelp forests are also found along the Andean Coast of South America. These Pacific Rim kelp forests support or shelter a wealth of shellfish, fish, marine mammals, seabirds, and seaweeds, resources heavily used historically by coastal peoples. By about 16,000 years ago, the North Pacific Coast offered a linear migration route, essentially unobstructed and entirely at sea level, from northeast Asia into the Americas. Recent reconstructions suggest that rising sea levels early in the postglacial created a highly convoluted and island-rich coast along Beringia's southern shore, conditions highly favorable to maritime hunter-gatherers. Along with the terrestrial resources available in adjacent landscapes, kelp forests and other nearshore habitats sheltered similar suites of food resources that required minimal adaptive adjustments for migrating coastal peoples. With reduced wave energy, holdfasts for boats, and productive fishing, these linear kelp forest ecosystems may have provided a kind of “kelp highway” for early maritime peoples colonizing the New World.
This chapter contains sections titled:
Introduction
Mirror Lake Site
Fractures and Geologic Mapping
Hydraulic Properties of Fractured Rock From Meters to Kilometers
Chemical Migration in Fractured Rock
Fracture Controls on Ground‐Water Flow and Chemical Transport at the Mirror Lake Site
Summary
Integrated pest management of sea lampreys in the Laurentian Great Lakes has recently been enhanced by addition of a sterile-male-release program, and future developments in genetic approaches may lead to additional methods for reducing sea lamprey reproduction. We review the development, implementation, and evaluation of the sterile-male-release technique (SMRT) as it is being applied against sea lampreys in the Great Lakes, review the current understanding of SMRT efficacy, and identify additional research areas and topics that would increase either the efficacy of the SMRT or expand its geographic potential for application. Key areas for additional research are in the sterilization process, effects of skewed sex ratios on mating behavior, enhancing attractiveness of sterilized males, techniques for genetic alteration of sea lampreys, and sources of animals to enhance or expand the use of sterile lampreys.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Reed, R., Rodda, G., and Hinkle, T., 2007, Emoia atrocostata (Littoral skink): Herpetological Review, v. 38, no. 1, p. 100-100.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a092ee4b0c1aacab7d3f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, R.N. 0000-0001-8349-6168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":49092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"R.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkle, T.J.","contributorId":73121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174788,"text":"70174788 - 2007 - Source mechanics for monochromatic icequakes produced during iceberg calving at Columbia Glacier, AK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T12:44:15","indexId":"70174788","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source mechanics for monochromatic icequakes produced during iceberg calving at Columbia Glacier, AK","docAbstract":"Seismograms recorded during iceberg calving contain information pertaining to source processes during calving events. However, locally variable material properties may cause signal distortions, known as site and path effects, which must be eliminated prior to commenting on source mechanics. We applied the technique of horizontal/vertical spectral ratios to passive seismic data collected at Columbia Glacier, AK, and found no dominant site or path effects. Rather, monochromatic waveforms generated by calving appear to result from source processes. We hypothesize that a fluid-filled crack source model offers a potential mechanism for observed seismograms produced by calving, and fracture-processes preceding calving.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007GL031370","usgsCitation":"O’Neel, S., and Pfeffer, W., 2007, Source mechanics for monochromatic icequakes produced during iceberg calving at Columbia Glacier, AK: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 22, Unpaginated, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031370.","productDescription":"Unpaginated","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a0932e4b0c1aacab7d43e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pfeffer, W.T.","contributorId":14632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174801,"text":"70174801 - 2007 - Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:08:26","indexId":"70174801","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies: Cairns revisited","docAbstract":"In his seminal paper about using seabirds as indicators of marine food supplies, Cairns (1987, Biol Oceanogr 5:261–271) predicted that (1) parameters of seabird biology and behavior would vary in curvilinear fashion with changes in food supply, (2) the threshold of prey density over which birds responded would be different for each parameter, and (3) different seabird species would respond differently to variation in food availability depending on foraging behavior and ability to adjust time budgets. We tested these predictions using data collected at colonies of common murre Uria aalge and black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla in Cook Inlet, Alaska. (1) Of 22 seabird responses fitted with linear and non-linear functions, 16 responses exhibited significant curvilinear shapes, and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) analysis indicated that curvilinear functions provided the best-fitting model for 12 of those. (2) However, there were few differences among parameters in their threshold to prey density, presumably because most responses ultimately depend upon a single threshold for prey acquisition at sea. (3) There were similarities and some differences in how species responded to variability in prey density. Both murres and kittiwakes minimized variability (CV < 15%) in their own body condition and growth of chicks in the face of high annual variability (CV = 69%) in local prey density. Whereas kittiwake breeding success (CV = 63%, r2 = 0.89) reflected prey variability, murre breeding success did not (CV = 29%, r2< 0.00). It appears that murres were able to buffer breeding success by reallocating discretionary ‘loafing’ time to foraging effort in response (r2 = 0.64) to declining prey density. Kittiwakes had little or no discretionary time, so fledging success was a more direct function of local prey density. Implications of these results for using ‘seabirds as indicators’ are discussed.
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Since its discovery in 1967, CWD has spread geographically and increased in prevalence locally. CWD is contagious; it can be transmitted freely within and among free-ranging populations. It is likely that diseased animals can transmit CWD to healthy animals long before they become clinically ill. Managing CWD in free-ranging populations is extremely difficult, therefore preventative measures designed to reduce the chance for disease spread are critically important.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073070","usgsCitation":"Richards, B., 2007, Chronic Wasting Disease: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3070, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073070.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3070.jpg"},{"id":10368,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e21e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Bryan","contributorId":56731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175134,"text":"70175134 - 2007 - Geologic map of the Siksikpuk River area, Chandler Lake quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:32:33","indexId":"70175134","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"DGGS PIR 2007-1","title":"Geologic map of the Siksikpuk River area, Chandler Lake quadrangle, Alaska","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Department of Natural Resources","doi":"10.14509/15757","usgsCitation":"Peapples, P., Wallace, W.K., Wartes, M.A., Swenson, R., Mull, C.G., Dumoulin, J.A., Harris, E., Finzel, E., Reifenstuhl, R., and Loveland, A., 2007, Geologic map of the Siksikpuk River area, Chandler Lake quadrangle, Alaska, 56.00 x 40.00 in, https://doi.org/10.14509/15757.","productDescription":"56.00 x 40.00 in","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70175134.GIF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chandler Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.75527954101562,\n 68.34350018861753\n ],\n [\n -152.48611450195312,\n 68.33640386797852\n ],\n [\n -152.71820068359375,\n 68.1710445525738\n ],\n [\n -152.81707763671875,\n 68.19656237649556\n ],\n [\n -152.75527954101562,\n 68.34350018861753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a072b3e4b060ce18fb2d9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peapples, P.R.","contributorId":173281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peapples","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, W. 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Concentrations of C and N in light- and heavy fractions of bulk soils and aggregates in 0–20 cm were determined to evaluate the role of aggregation in SOC sequestration under conventional tillage (CT), no-till (NT), and forest treatments. Light- and heavy fractions of SOC were separated using 1.85 g mL−1 sodium polytungstate solution. Soils under forest and NT preserved, respectively, 167% and 94% more light fraction than those under CT. The mass of light fraction decreased with an increase in soil depth, but significantly increased with an increase in aggregate size. C concentrations of light fraction in all aggregate classes were significantly higher under NT and forest than under CT. C concentrations in heavy fraction averaged 20, 10, and 8 g kg−1 under forest, NT, and CT, respectively. Of the total SOC pool, heavy fraction C accounted for 76% in CT soils and 63% in forest and NT soils. These data suggest that there is a greater protection of SOC by aggregates in the light fraction of minimally disturbed soils than that of disturbed soil, and the SOC loss following conversion from forest to agriculture is attributed to reduction in C concentrations in both heavy and light fractions. In contrast, the SOC gain upon conversion from CT to NT is primarily attributed to an increase in C concentration in the light fraction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2006.01.003","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Lal, R., Owens, L., and Izaurralde, R.C., 2007, Distribution of light and heavy fractions of soil organic carbon as related to land use and tillage practice: Soil and Tillage Research, v. 92, no. 1-2, p. 53-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.01.003.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311702,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5655983ae4b071e7ea53defe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Zhengxi 0000-0002-4136-0921 ztan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-0921","contributorId":2945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Zhengxi","email":"ztan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lal, R.","contributorId":18559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lal","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, L.","contributorId":104731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Izaurralde, R. 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J. 0000-0002-0161-0391","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0391","contributorId":49731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, D. Bruce","contributorId":99072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, C. T.","contributorId":29349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029869,"text":"70029869 - 2007 - Fault locking, block rotation and crustal deformation in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T11:15:21.252841","indexId":"70029869","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault locking, block rotation and crustal deformation in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"We interpret Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements in the northwestern United States and adjacent parts of western Canada to describe relative motions of crustal blocks, locking on faults and permanent deformation associated with convergence between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates. To estimate angular velocities of the oceanic Juan de Fuca and Explorer plates and several continental crustal blocks, we invert the GPS velocities together with seafloor spreading rates, earthquake slip vector azimuths and fault slip azimuths and rates. We also determine the degree to which faults are either creeping aseismically or, alternatively, locked on the block-bounding faults. The Cascadia subduction thrust is locked mainly offshore, except in central Oregon, where locking extends inland. Most of Oregon and southwest Washington rotate clockwise relative to North America at rates of 0.4–1.0 ° Myr−1. No shear or extension along the Cascades volcanic arc has occurred at the mm/yr level during the past decade, suggesting that the shear deformation extending northward from the Walker Lane and eastern California shear zone south of Oregon is largely accommodated by block rotation in Oregon. The general agreement of vertical axis rotation rates derived from GPS velocities with those estimated from palaeomagnetic declination anomalies suggests that the rotations have been relatively steady for 10–15 Ma. Additional permanent dextral shear is indicated within the Oregon Coast Range near the coast. Block rotations in the Pacific Northwest do not result in net westward flux of crustal material—the crust is simply spinning and not escaping. On Vancouver Island, where the convergence obliquity is less than in Oregon and Washington, the contractional strain at the coast is more aligned with Juan de Fuca—North America motion. GPS velocities are fit significantly better when Vancouver Island and the southern Coast Mountains move relative to North America in a block-like fashion. The relative motions of the Oregon, western Washington and Vancouver Island crustal blocks indicate that the rate of permanent shortening, the type that causes upper plate earthquakes, across the Puget Sound region is 4.4 ± 0.3 mm yr−1. This shortening is likely distributed over several faults but GPS data alone cannot determine the partitioning of slip on them. The transition from predominantly shear deformation within the continent south of the Mendocino Triple Junction to predominantly block rotations north of it is similar to changes in tectonic style at other transitions from shear to subduction. This similarity suggests that crustal block rotations are enhanced in the vicinity of subduction zones possibly due to lower resisting stress.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03371.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"McCaffrey, R., Qamar, A.I., King, R.W., Wells, R., Khazaradze, G., Williams, C., Stevens, C., Vollick, J., and Zwick, P., 2007, Fault locking, block rotation and crustal deformation in the Pacific Northwest: Geophysical Journal International, v. 169, no. 3, p. 1315-1340, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03371.x.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1315","endPage":"1340","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477093,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2007.03371.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132.94757354974377,\n 54.16450334041414\n ],\n [\n -132.94757354974377,\n 41.41857486539368\n ],\n [\n -119.55000150300604,\n 41.41857486539368\n ],\n [\n -119.55000150300604,\n 54.16450334041414\n ],\n [\n -132.94757354974377,\n 54.16450334041414\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"169","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f19e4b0c8380cd53778","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCaffrey, Robert","contributorId":51207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffrey","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qamar, Anthony I.","contributorId":69040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qamar","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Robert W.","contributorId":189079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khazaradze, G.","contributorId":84164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khazaradze","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, C.A.","contributorId":79571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stevens, C.W.","contributorId":97322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vollick, J.J.","contributorId":18179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vollick","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zwick, P.C.","contributorId":107933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwick","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":80451,"text":"ofr20071245 - 2007 - Understanding knowledge and perceptions of bats among residents of Fort Collins, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T17:24:03","indexId":"ofr20071245","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1245","title":"Understanding knowledge and perceptions of bats among residents of Fort Collins, Colorado","docAbstract":"As regional urbanization increases in Colorado, so do interactions between humans and wildlife. Where previous habitat has been reduced due to urbanization and development, a few bat species that easily adapt to new environments now roost in homes and buildings (Kunz and Reynolds, 2003). Bats frequently serve as reservoirs of disease that have potential health consequences for humans and other mammals (Messenger and others, 2003). As bat use of buildings becomes more frequent, the incidences of bat/human contact and the risk of spreading disease also increase.
\nIn Colorado, rabies is most common in the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) Pape and others, 1999), the most ubiquitous species of urban-dwelling bat in the United States (Barbour and Davis, 1969) and the most common species submitted for rabies testing in Colorado (Pape and others, 1999). An in-depth knowledge of the big brown bat - including its ecology, habitat and movements, and aspects of disease transmission - and of its interactions with humans is essential for making informed management decisions regarding this species. To balance the competing priorities of species preservation and public safety, natural resource managers and public health professionals must be able to accurately estimate citizens' knowledge, perceptions, and perceived risks regarding the bat species that use human dwellings and harbor diseases potentially dangerous to humans.
\nA recently completed five-year ecological study (2001-2005) on bats inhabiting buildings in Fort Collins, Colo., has provided much information on the basic epidemiology of rabies and on the ecology of the local bat population (Davis, Rudd, and Bowen, 2007; Ellison and others, 2007; Neubaum, Douglas, and others, in press; Neubaum, O'Shea, and Wilson, 2006; Neubaum, Wilson, and O'Shea, 2007; O'Shea, Ellison, and Stanley, 2004; Pearce and O'Shea, 2007; Pearce and others, in press; Shankar and others, 2004; Shankar and others, 2005; Wimsatt and others 2005). Research investigating the human dimensions of bats and bat/rabies relationships, however, has been very limited (Gibbins and others, 2002; Liesener and others, 2006). Herein, we report the results of a study to evaluate perceptions and knowledge of bats and rabies among residents of Fort Collins, Colo. The study resulted from collaborations between U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) bat ecologists of the Trust Species and Habitats branch, and social scientists of the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance branch, both of the USGS Fort Collins Science Center (FORT).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071245","usgsCitation":"Sexton, N.R., and Stewart, S., 2007, Understanding knowledge and perceptions of bats among residents of Fort Collins, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1245, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071245.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071245.PNG"},{"id":320216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7a2ee4b0b2908510d524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Susan C.","contributorId":48257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}