Populations of Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) breeding in Alaska, USA, have declined markedly over the past 40 years. We studied survival of adult female Pacific common eiders using capture—recapture of nesting hens at 3 sites on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska from 1994 to 2004. We used data consisting of 268 recapture events from 361 uniquely marked individuals to investigate temporal, geographic, and environmental variation in adult female survival. Our results suggest apparent annual survival of adult eiders from the YKD was high (0.892, SE = 0.022) and spatially and temporally invariant (σ2 = 0.005), a pattern consistent with other long-lived marine birds. Moreover, our results suggest adult survival may be functionally fixed for Pacific common eiders, and at the present, adult survival may be relatively unresponsive to environmental or management perturbations. Our data did not support hypothesized variation in survival relative to mortality factors such as predation on breeding grounds, physiologic costs of reproduction, and wintering conditions. Although changes in adult survival likely have a large potential effect on prospective population growth, our results suggest viable management actions aimed at increasing survival may be extremely limited.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/2005-776","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Wilson, H., Flint, P.L., Moran, C.L., and Powell, A., 2007, Survival of breeding Pacific common eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 2, p. 403-410, https://doi.org/10.2193/2005-776.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"410","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212158,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2005?776"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2c6e4b08c986b31f956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, H.M.","contributorId":37306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Christine L.","contributorId":6621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031693,"text":"70031693 - 2007 - White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) passage at the Dalles Dam, Columbia River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031693","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) passage at the Dalles Dam, Columbia River, USA","docAbstract":"White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) ???95 cm TL were monitored using acoustic and radio telemetry at a large hydroelectric dam (the Dalles Dam) on the Columbia River, during March 2004 through November 2005 to determine timing and routes of passage and to characterize general movements. Transmitters were surgically implanted into 148 fish during the study; 90 were released into the tailrace and 58 into the forebay. We documented 26 passage events by 19 tagged fish: eight upstream via fish ladders and 18 downstream, mostly through open spill gates. During the study 17 fish entered the two ladders one or more times; 11 entered only the east ladder, three entered only the north ladder, and three entered both ladders at sometime. Residence time within the ladders by individual fish was variable, ranging from about 1 min to nearly 6 months (median = 7.7 h). Only six fish successfully ascended the east ladder, one fish twice. We could not unequivocally determine which fish ladder one fish used to pass upstream. Differences in construction between the north and east fish ladders may account for the greater success of the east fish ladder in passing sturgeon upstream. Changes to operations at hydroelectric dams to benefit migrating anadromous salmonids may influence upstream or downstream passage by white sturgeon. Altering patterns and timing of spill discharge, altering fish ladder entrance attraction flows, and the use of lights, sound, and partial barriers to direct other species of fish to preferred passage routes have unknown effects on sturgeon passage. A better understanding of the consequences to the metapopulation of increasing or precluding upstream or downstream passage is needed. ?? 2007 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00869.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., Wright, C., Van Der Leeuw, B.K., Kofoot, E., Peery, C., and Moser, M., 2007, White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) passage at the Dalles Dam, Columbia River, USA: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 23, no. 6, p. 627-635, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00869.x.","startPage":"627","endPage":"635","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477133,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00869.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00869.x"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd071e4b08c986b32ee6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C.D.","contributorId":104604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Der Leeuw, B. K.","contributorId":59159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Leeuw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kofoot, E.E.","contributorId":89349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kofoot","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peery, C.A.","contributorId":74176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peery","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moser, M.L.","contributorId":92006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031602,"text":"70031602 - 2007 - Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter and CFTR gill expression after seawater transfer in smolts (0+) of different Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) families","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031602","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter and CFTR gill expression after seawater transfer in smolts (0+) of different Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) families","docAbstract":"Smoltification involves morphological and physiological changes in the gills that prepare anadromous salmonids to osmoregulate efficiently in seawater. In a previous study, we found that different families of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts vary in their ability to osmoregulate when abruptly transferred to cold seawater and that these differences are correlated with gill Na+/K+ ATPase activity. Here we extend these findings to test whether other key transport proteins, namely Na+/K+/2Cl- contransporter (NKCC) and the Cl- channel or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), play a significant role in osmoregulatory differences between families. To facilitate molecular analysis of NKCC, we first isolated a gill cDNA containing the complete coding region (1147 aa) of an isoform previously reported as a partial sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this isoform is most closely related to isoforms of the NKCC1a subfamily found in European eel and Mozambique tilapia. In a second step, we quantified NKCC protein abundance as well as mRNA expression levels for NKCC1a and two CFTR isoforms (CFTRI and CFTRII) in 0+ smolts from three families prior to and following seawater transfer. The family with the lowest salinity tolerance also showed significant increases in gill NKCC1a mRNA after seawater transfer. Taken together with our previous study, these data indicate that family differences in expression of transport proteins are in part related to salinity tolerance, although the best indicator of osmoregulatory performance between families may be gill Na+/K+ ATPase activity and CFTR I mRNA levels, rather than Na+/K+ ATPase and NKCC1a mRNA levels or NKCC protein abundance. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.08.032","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Mackie, P., Gharbi, K., Ballantyne, J., McCormick, S., and Wright, P., 2007, Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter and CFTR gill expression after seawater transfer in smolts (0+) of different Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) families: Aquaculture, v. 272, no. 1-4, p. 625-635, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.08.032.","startPage":"625","endPage":"635","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.08.032"},{"id":239634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"272","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a617ce4b0c8380cd719c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mackie, P.M.","contributorId":30036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackie","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gharbi, K.","contributorId":79706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gharbi","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballantyne, J.S.","contributorId":47582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballantyne","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, P.A.","contributorId":80901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031695,"text":"70031695 - 2007 - Temporal changes of populations and trophic relationships of wintering diving ducks in Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T16:18:56","indexId":"70031695","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal changes of populations and trophic relationships of wintering diving ducks in Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"Population and trophic relationships among diving ducks in Chesapeake Bay are diverse and complex as they include five species of bay ducks (Aythya spp.), nine species of seaducks (Tribe Mergini), and the Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis). Here we considered the relationships between population changes and diet over the past half century to assess the importance of prey changes to wintering waterfowl in the Bay. Food habits of 643 diving ducks collected from Chesapeake Bay during 1999-2006 were determined by analyses of their gullet (esophagus and proventriculus) and gizzard contents and compared to historical data (1885-1979) of 1,541 diving ducks. Aerial waterfowl surveys, in general, suggest that six species of seaducks were more commonly located in the meso- to polyhaline areas of the Bay, whereas five species of bay ducks and Ruddy Ducks were in the oligo- to mesohaline areas. Seaducks fed on a molluscan diet of Hooked Mussel (Ischadium recurvum), Amethyst Gemclam (Gemma gemma), and Dwarf Surfclarn (Mulinia lateralis). Bay ducks and Ruddy Ducks fed more on Baltic Macoma (Macoma balthica), the adventive Atlantic Rangia (Rangia cuneata), and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Mergansers were found over the widest salinity range in the Bay, probably because of their piscivorous diet. Each diving duck species appears to fill a unique foraging niche, although there is much overlap of selected prey. When current food habits are compared to historic data, only the Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) has had major diet changes, although SAV now accounts for less food volume for all diving duck species, except the Redhead (Aythya americana). Understanding the trophic-habitat relationships of diving ducks in coastal wintering areas will give managers a better understanding of the ecological effects of future environmental changes. Intensive restoration efforts on SAV and oyster beds should greatly benefit diving duck populations.","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0004:TCOPAT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., Wells-Berlin, A.M., Kidwell, D.M., and Osenton, P.C., 2007, Temporal changes of populations and trophic relationships of wintering diving ducks in Chesapeake Bay: Waterbirds, v. 30, no. sp1, p. 4-16, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0004:TCOPAT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212484,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0004:TCOPAT]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"30","issue":"sp1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba506e4b08c986b320759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":91601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells-Berlin, Alicia M. 0000-0002-5275-3077","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-3077","contributorId":10918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells-Berlin","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kidwell, David M.","contributorId":174041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kidwell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osenton, Peter C.","contributorId":174040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osenton","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031696,"text":"70031696 - 2007 - Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent formation: From island arcs to accretion and continental arc magmatism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-12T11:22:01.220955","indexId":"70031696","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent formation: From island arcs to accretion and continental arc magmatism","docAbstract":"Mesozoic continental arcs in the North American Cordillera were examined here to establish a baseline model for Phanerozoic continent formation. We combine new trace-element data on lower crustal xenoliths from the Mesozoic Sierra Nevada Batholith with an extensive grid-based geochemical map of the Peninsular Ranges Batholith, the southern equivalent of the Sierras. Collectively, these observations give a three-dimensional view of the crust, which permits the petrogenesis and tectonics of Phanerozoic crust formation to be linked in space and time. Subduction of the Farallon plate beneath North America during the Triassic to early Cretaceous was characterized by trench retreat and slab rollback because old and cold oceanic lithosphere was being subducted. This generated an extensional subduction zone, which created fringing island arcs just off the Paleozoic continental margin. However, as the age of the Farallon plate at the time of subduction decreased, the extensional environment waned, allowing the fringing island arc to accrete onto the continental margin. With continued subduction, a continental arc was born and a progressively more compressional environment developed as the age of subducting slab continued to young. Refinement into a felsic crust occurred after accretion, that is, during the continental arc stage, wherein a thickened crustal and lithospheric column permitted a longer differentiation column. New basaltic arc magmas underplate and intrude the accreted terrane, suture, and former continental margin. Interaction of these basaltic magmas with pre-existing crust and lithospheric mantle created garnet pyroxenitic mafic cumulates by fractional crystallization at depth as well as gabbroic and garnet pyroxenitic restites at shallower levels by melting of pre-existing lower crust. The complementary felsic plutons formed by these deep-seated differentiation processes rose into the upper crust, stitching together the accreted terrane, suture and former continental margin. The mafic cumulates and restites, owing to their high densities, eventually foundered into the mantle, leaving behind a more felsic crust. Our grid-based sampling allows us to estimate an unbiased average upper crustal composition for the Peninsular Ranges Batholith. Major and trace-element compositions are very similar to global continental crust averaged over space and time, but in detail, the Peninsular Ranges are slightly lower in compatible to mildly incompatible elements, MgO, Mg#, V, Sc, Co, and Cr. The compositional similarities suggest a strong arc component in global continental crust, but the slight discrepancies suggest that additional crust formation processes are also important in continent formation as a whole. Finally, the delaminated Sierran garnet pyroxenites have some of the lowest U/Pb ratios ever measured for silicate rocks. Such material, if recycled and stored in the deep mantle, would generate a reservoir with very unradiogenic Pb, providing one solution to the global Pb isotope paradox.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.025","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Lee, C., Morton, D.M., Kistler, R.W., and Baird, A.K., 2007, Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent formation: From island arcs to accretion and continental arc magmatism: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 263, no. 3-4, p. 370-387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.025.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"263","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a782be4b0c8380cd7865b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, C.-T.A.","contributorId":20549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.-T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, D. M.","contributorId":54608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baird, A. K.","contributorId":65148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031603,"text":"70031603 - 2007 - Titan's surface from Cassini RADAR SAR and high resolution radiometry data of the first five flybys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T16:09:41","indexId":"70031603","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Titan's surface from Cassini RADAR SAR and high resolution radiometry data of the first five flybys","docAbstract":"The first five Titan flybys with Cassini's Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) and radiometer are examined with emphasis on the calibration and interpretation of the high-resolution radiometry data acquired during the SAR mode (SAR-radiometry). Maps of the 2-cm wavelength brightness temperature are obtained coincident with the SAR swath imaging, with spatial resolution approaching 6 km. A preliminary calibration shows that brightness temperature in these maps varies from 64 to 89 K. Surface features and physical properties derived from the SAR-radiometry maps and SAR imaging are strongly correlated; in general, we find that surface features with high radar reflectivity are associated with radiometrically cold regions, while surface features with low radar reflectivity correlate with radiometrically warm regions. We examined scatterplots of the normalized radar cross-section
California black rails (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) occur in two disjunct regions: the southwestern USA (western Arizona and southern California) and northern California (Sacramento Valley and the San Francisco Bay area). We examined current status of black rails in the southwestern USA by repeating survey efforts first conducted in 1973–1974 and again in 1989, and also examined wetland plant species associated with black rail distribution and abundance. We detected 136 black rails in Arizona and southern California. Black rail numbers detected during past survey efforts were much higher than the numbers detected during our more intensive survey effort, and hence, populations have obviously declined. Plants that were more common at points with black rails included common threesquare (Schoenoplectus pungens), arrowweed (Pluchea sericea), Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), seepwillow (Baccharis salicifolia), and mixed shrubs, with common threesquare showing the strongest association with black rail presence. Plant species and non-vegetative communities that were less common at points with black rails included California bulrush (Schoenoplectus californicus), southern cattail (Typha domingensis), upland vegetation, and open water. Black rails were often present at sites that had some saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima), but were rarely detected in areas dominated by saltcedar. We recommend that a standardized black rail survey effort be repeated annually to obtain estimates of black rail population trends. Management of existing emergent marshes with black rails is needed to maintain stands of common threesquare in early successional stages. Moreover, wetland restoration efforts that produce diverse wetland vegetation including common threesquare should be implemented to ensure that black rail populations persist in the southwestern USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[987:SAHUOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Conway, C., and Sulzman, C., 2007, Status and habitat use of the California black rail in the Southwestern USA: Wetlands, v. 27, no. 4, p. 987-998, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[987:SAHUOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"987","endPage":"998","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.81262207031249,\n 32.72721987021932\n ],\n [\n -114.3182373046875,\n 32.72721987021932\n ],\n [\n -114.3182373046875,\n 33.15594830078649\n ],\n [\n -114.81262207031249,\n 33.15594830078649\n ],\n [\n -114.81262207031249,\n 32.72721987021932\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9789e4b08c986b31bb02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulzman, C.","contributorId":101079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulzman","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031802,"text":"70031802 - 2007 - High nutrient pulses, tidal mixing and biological response in a small California estuary: Variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70031802","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High nutrient pulses, tidal mixing and biological response in a small California estuary: Variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales","docAbstract":"Elkhorn Slough is a small estuary in Central California, where nutrient inputs are dominated by runoff from agricultural row crops, a golf course, and residential development. We examined the variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales in Elkhorn Slough to compare forcing by physical and biological factors. Hourly data were collected using in situ nitrate analyzers and water quality data sondes, and two decades of monthly monitoring data were analyzed. Nutrient concentrations increased from the mid 1970s to 1990s as pastures and woodlands were converted to row crops and population increased in the watershed. Climatic variability was also a significant factor controlling interannual nutrient variability, with higher nutrient concentrations during wet than drought years. Elkhorn Slough has a Mediterranean climate with dry and rainy seasons. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were relatively low (10-70 ??mol L-1) during the dry season and high (20-160 ??mol L-1) during the rainy season. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations showed the inverse pattern, with higher concentrations during the dry season. Pulsed runoff events were a consistent feature controlling nitrate concentrations during the rainy season. Peak nitrate concentrations lagged runoff events by 1 to 6 days. Tidal exchange with Monterey Bay was also an important process controlling nutrient concentrations, particularly near the mouth of the Slough. Biological processes had the greatest effect on nitrate concentrations during the dry season and were less important during the rainy season. While primary production was enhanced by nutrient pulses, chlorophyll a concentrations were not. We believe that the generally weak biological response compared to the strong physical forcing in Elkhorn Slough occurred because the short residence time and tidal mixing rapidly diluted nutrient pulses. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.08.015","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Caffrey, J., Chapin, T., Jannasch, H., and Haskins, J., 2007, High nutrient pulses, tidal mixing and biological response in a small California estuary: Variability in nutrient concentrations from decadal to hourly time scales: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 368-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.08.015.","startPage":"368","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212641,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.08.015"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30c1e4b0c8380cd5d8fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caffrey, J.M.","contributorId":98750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffrey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapin, T.P. 0000-0001-6587-0734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-0734","contributorId":24142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"T.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jannasch, H.W.","contributorId":89665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jannasch","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haskins, J.C.","contributorId":7473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskins","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031026,"text":"70031026 - 2007 - An optical age chronology of late Quaternary extreme fluvial events recorded in Ugandan dambo soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031026","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3216,"text":"Quaternary Geochronology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An optical age chronology of late Quaternary extreme fluvial events recorded in Ugandan dambo soils","docAbstract":"There is little geochonological data on sedimentation in dambos (seasonally saturated, channel-less valley floors) found throughout Central and Southern Africa. Radiocarbon dating is problematic for dambos due to (i) oxidation of organic materials during dry seasons; and (ii) the potential for contemporary biological contamination of near-surface sediments. However, for luminescence dating the equatorial site and semi-arid climate facilitate grain bleaching, while the gentle terrain ensures shallow water columns, low turbidity, and relatively long surface exposures for transported grains prior to deposition and burial. For this study, we focused on dating sandy strata (indicative of high-energy fluvial events) at various positions and depths within a second-order dambo in central Uganda. Blue-light quartz optically stimulated luminescences (OSL) ages were compared with infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) ages from finer grains in the same sample. A total of 8 samples were dated, with 6 intervals obtained at ???35, 33, 16, 10.4, 8.4, and 5.9 ka. In general, luminescence ages were stratigraphically, geomorphically and ordinally consistent and most blue-light OSL ages could be correlated with well-dated climatic events registered either in Greenland ice cores or Lake Victoria sediments. Based upon OSL age correlations, we theorize that extreme fluvial dambo events occur primarily during relatively wet periods, often preceding humid-to-arid transitions. The optical ages reported in this study provide the first detailed chronology of dambo sedimentation, and we anticipate that further dambo work could provide a wealth of information on the paleohydrology of Central and Southern Africa. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Geochronology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quageo.2006.04.015","issn":"18711014","usgsCitation":"Mahan, S., and Brown, D., 2007, An optical age chronology of late Quaternary extreme fluvial events recorded in Ugandan dambo soils: Quaternary Geochronology, v. 2, no. 1-4, p. 174-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2006.04.015.","startPage":"174","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211304,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2006.04.015"},{"id":238573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaa4e4b0c8380cd489ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, D.J.","contributorId":106700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031610,"text":"70031610 - 2007 - Sorted bed forms as self-organized patterns: 2. complex forcing scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-22T10:49:48","indexId":"70031610","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorted bed forms as self-organized patterns: 2. complex forcing scenarios","docAbstract":"We employ a numerical model to study the development of sorted bed forms under a variety of hydrodynamic and sedimentary conditions. Results indicate that increased variability in wave height decreases the growth rate of the features and can potentially give rise to complicated, a priori unpredictable, behavior. This happens because the system responds to a change in wave characteristics by attempting to self-organize into a patterned seabed of different geometry and spacing. The new wavelength might not have enough time to emerge before a new change in wave characteristics occurs, leading to less regular seabed configurations. The new seabed configuration is also highly dependent on the preexisting morphology, which further limits the possibility of predicting future behavior. For the same reasons, variability in the mean current magnitude and direction slows down the growth of features and causes patterns to develop that differ from classical sorted bed forms. Spatial variability in grain size distribution and different types of net sediment aggradation/degradation can also result in the development of sorted bed forms characterized by a less regular shape. Numerical simulations qualitatively agree with observed geometry (spacing and height) of sorted bed forms. Also in agreement with observations is that at shallower depths, sorted bed forms are more likely to be affected by changes in the forcing conditions, which might also explain why, in shallow waters, sorted bed forms are described as ephemeral features. Finally, simulations indicate that the different sorted bed form shapes and patterns observed in the field might not necessarily be related to diverse physical mechanisms. Instead, variations in sorted bed form characteristics may result from variations in local hydrodynamic and/or sedimentary conditions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2006JF000666","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Coco, G., Murray, A.B., Green, M.O., Thieler, E.R., and Hume, T., 2007, Sorted bed forms as self-organized patterns: 2. complex forcing scenarios: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 112, no. F3, F03016; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000666.","productDescription":"F03016; 14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477232,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jf000666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212272,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000666"},{"id":239734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"F3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9313e4b08c986b31a295","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coco, Giovanni","contributorId":84978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coco","given":"Giovanni","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, A. Brad","contributorId":57585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Malcom O.","contributorId":9462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Malcom","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hume, T.M.","contributorId":10567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hume","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031027,"text":"70031027 - 2007 - Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031027","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts","docAbstract":"Measurements of volcanic gases at Pu'u'O??'o??, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, reveal distinct degassing regimes with respect to vapor segregation and loss during effusive activity in 2004-2005. Three styles of vapor loss are distinguished by the chemical character of the emitted volcanic gases, measured by open path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: 1 persistent continuous gas emission, 2 gas piston events, and 3 lava spattering. Persistent continuous gas emission is associated with magma ascent and degassing beneath the crater vents, then eruption of the degassed magma from flank vents. Gas piston events are the result of static gas accumulation at depths of 400-900 m beneath Pu'u'O??'o??. A CO2-rich gas slug travels up the conduit at a few meters per second, displacing magma as it expands. Lava spattering occurs due to dynamic bubble coalescence in a column of relatively stagnant magma. The Large gas bubbles are H2O rich and are generated by open-system degassing at depths of <150 m. Static gas accumulation and dynamic bubble coalescence are both manifestations of vapor segregation in basaltic melts, but their implications differ. Accumulation and segregation of CO2-rich vapor at depth does not deplete the melt of H2O (required to drive lava fountains near to the surface) and therefore gas piston events can occur interspersed with lava fountaining activity. Lava spattering, however, efficiently strips H2O-rich vapor from magma beneath the crater vents; the magma must then erupt effusively from vents on the flank of the cone. ?? 2007 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G23464A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Edmonds, M., and Gerlach, T., 2007, Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts: Geology, v. 35, no. 8, p. 751-754, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23464A.1.","startPage":"751","endPage":"754","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211336,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23464A.1"},{"id":238608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc11fe4b08c986b32a45b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edmonds, M.","contributorId":43547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031028,"text":"70031028 - 2007 - A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:04:38","indexId":"70031028","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers","docAbstract":"Although depletion of storage in low‐permeability confining layers is the source of much of the groundwater produced from many confined aquifer systems, it is all too frequently overlooked or ignored. This makes effective management of groundwater resources difficult by masking how much water has been derived from storage and, in some cases, the total amount of water that has been extracted from an aquifer system. Analyzing confining layer storage is viewed as troublesome because of the additional computational burden and because the hydraulic properties of confining layers are poorly known. In this paper we propose a simplified method for computing estimates of confining layer depletion, as well as procedures for approximating confining layer hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss) using geologic information. The latter makes the technique useful in developing countries and other settings where minimal data are available or when scoping calculations are needed. As such, our approach may be helpful for estimating the global transfer of groundwater to surface water. A test of the method on a synthetic system suggests that the computational errors will generally be small. Larger errors will probably result from inaccuracy in confining layer property estimates, but these may be no greater than errors in more sophisticated analyses. The technique is demonstrated by application to two aquifer systems: the Dakota artesian aquifer system in South Dakota and the coastal plain aquifer system in Virginia. In both cases, depletion from confining layers was substantially larger than depletion from the aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005597","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Neuzil, C.E., 2007, A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 7, W07417; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005597.","productDescription":"W07417; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005597","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e460e4b0c8380cd465ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031804,"text":"70031804 - 2007 - Geologic mapping of the Amirani-Gish Bar region of Io: Implications for the global geologic mapping of Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-07T11:09:04","indexId":"70031804","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic mapping of the Amirani-Gish Bar region of Io: Implications for the global geologic mapping of Io","docAbstract":"We produced the first geologic map of the Amirani-Gish Bar region of Io, the last of four regional maps generated from Galileo mission data. The Amirani-Gish Bar region has five primary types of geologic materials: plains, mountains, patera floors, flows, and diffuse deposits. The flows and patera floors are thought to be compositionally similar, but are subdivided based on interpretations regarding their emplacement environments and mechanisms. Our mapping shows that volcanic activity in the Amirani-Gish Bar region is dominated by the Amirani Eruptive Center (AEC), now recognized to be part of an extensive, combined Amirani-Maui flow field. A mappable flow connects Amirani and Maui, suggesting that Maui is fed from Amirani, such that the post-Voyager designation \"Maui Eruptive Center\" should be revised. Amirani contains at least four hot spots detected by Galileo, and is the source of widespread bright (sulfur?) flows and active dark (silicate?) flows being emplaced in the Promethean style (slowly emplaced, compound flow fields). The floor of Gish Bar Patera has been partially resurfaced by dark lava flows, although other parts of its floor are bright and appeared unchanged during the Galileo mission. This suggests that the floor did not undergo complete resurfacing as a lava lake as proposed for other ionian paterae. There are several other hot spots in the region that are the sources of both active dark flows (confined within paterae), and SO2- and S2-rich diffuse deposits. Mapped diffuse deposits around fractures on mountains and in the plains appear to serve as the source for gas venting without the release of magma, an association previously unrecognized in this region. The six mountains mapped in this region exhibit various states of degradation. In addition to gaining insight into this region of Io, all four maps are studied to assess the best methodology to use to produce a new global geologic map of Io based on the newly released, combined Galileo-Voyager global mosaics. To convey the complexity of ionian surface geology, we find that a new global geologic map of Io should include a map sheet displaying the global abundances and types of surface features as well as a complementary GIS database as a means to catalog the record of surface changes observed since the Voyager flybys and during the Galileo mission.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.023","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Williams, D., Keszthelyi, L., Crown, D.A., Jaeger, W.L., and Schenk, P., 2007, Geologic mapping of the Amirani-Gish Bar region of Io: Implications for the global geologic mapping of Io: Icarus, v. 186, no. 1, p. 204-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.023.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1fc5e4b0c8380cd5696d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, David A.","contributorId":84604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crown, David A.","contributorId":196622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crown","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24732,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schenk, Paul M.","contributorId":66946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":433200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031623,"text":"70031623 - 2007 - Acquisition of nonspecific Bartonella strains by the northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031623","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acquisition of nonspecific Bartonella strains by the northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster)","docAbstract":"Rodent-associated Bartonella species are generally host-specific parasites in North America. Here evidence that Bartonella species can 'jump' between host species is presented. Northern grasshopper mice and other rodents were trapped in the western USA. A study of Bartonella infection in grasshopper mice demonstrated a high prevalence that varied from 25% to 90% by location. Bartonella infection was detected in other rodent species with a high prevalence as well. Sequence analyses of gltA identified 29 Bartonella variants in rodents, 10 of which were obtained from grasshopper mice. Among these 10, only six variants were specific to grasshopper mice, whereas four were identical to variants specific to deer mice or 13-lined ground squirrels. Fourteen of 90 sequenced isolates obtained from grasshopper mice were strains found more commonly in other rodent species and were apparently acquired from these animals. The ecological behavior of grasshopper mice may explain the occurrence of Bartonella strains in occasional hosts. The observed rate at which Bartonella jumps from a donor host species to the grasshopper mouse was directly proportional to a metric of donor host density and to the prevalence of Bartonella in the donor host, and inversely proportional to the same parameters for the grasshopper mouse. ?? 2007 Federation of European Microbiological Societies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00364.x","issn":"01686496","usgsCitation":"Bai, Y., Kosoy, M., Cully, J., Bala, T., Ray, C., and Collinge, S., 2007, Acquisition of nonspecific Bartonella strains by the northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster): FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 61, no. 3, p. 438-448, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00364.x.","startPage":"438","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477070,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00364.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212481,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00364.x"},{"id":239971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a4e4b0c8380cd4755e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bai, Y.","contributorId":42784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kosoy, M.Y.","contributorId":78283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosoy","given":"M.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cully, J.F.","contributorId":92056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cully","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bala, T.","contributorId":58464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bala","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ray, C.","contributorId":40758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collinge, S.K.","contributorId":58832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collinge","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031555,"text":"70031555 - 2007 - Characterizing dry deposition of mercury in urban runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031555","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing dry deposition of mercury in urban runoff","docAbstract":"Stormwater runoff from urban surfaces often contains elevated levels of toxic metals. When discharged directly into water bodies, these pollutants degrade water quality and impact aquatic life and human health. In this study, the composition of impervious surface runoff and associated rainfall was investigated for several storm events at an urban site in Orlando, Florida. Total mercury in runoff consisted of 58% particulate and 42% filtered forms. Concentration comparisons at the start and end of runoff events indicate that about 85% of particulate total mercury and 93% of particulate methylmercury were removed from the surface before runoff ended. Filtered mercury concentrations showed less than 50% reduction of both total and methylmercury from first flush to final flush. Direct comparison between rainfall and runoff at this urban site indicates dry deposition accounted for 22% of total inorganic mercury in runoff. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-007-9396-y","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Fulkerson, M., Nnadi, F., and Chasar, L., 2007, Characterizing dry deposition of mercury in urban runoff: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 185, no. 1-4, p. 21-32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9396-y.","startPage":"21","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":501071,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/7135","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9396-y"},{"id":239967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"185","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4fde4b0c8380cd4c00c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulkerson, M.","contributorId":64453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulkerson","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nnadi, F.N.","contributorId":37153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nnadi","given":"F.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chasar, L.S.","contributorId":65262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031807,"text":"70031807 - 2007 - Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T15:35:32","indexId":"70031807","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol","docAbstract":"Adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 0, 1, 5, and 25 ng/l (nominal concentrations) of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 3, 10, and 30 μg/l (nominal concentrations) of 4-nonylphenol (NP) under flow-through conditions for a period of 28 d. Low mortality was observed at 5 and 25 ng/l EE2 and the growth of fish reduced significantly at 25 ng/l EE2 compared to controls. However, the gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of male fish were significantly higher in 1 ng/l EE2 treatments and in 10 and 30 μg/l NP treatments (p < 0.05). Renal somatic indices (RSI) of male fish in EE2 treatments were significantly higher than those in controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, significantly decreased GSI and RSI of female fish could only be observed in 5 and 25 ng/l EE2treatments (p < 0.05). Hepatosomatic indices (HSI) of male fish were significantly higher in 25 ng/l EE2 treatments. However, significantly increased of HSI of female fish could only be observed in 1 ng/l EE2 treatments. Plasma vitellogenin (VTG) induction could be observed in males after exposed to different concentrations of EE2 and NP, and plasma VTG concentrations in females exposed to 5 and 25 ng/l EE2 were also significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.05). At level higher than 5 ng/l EE2 or 30 μg/l NP, hepatic tissue and renal tissue impairment of males could be observed. The pathological male liver was associated with a hypertrophy of hepatocytes and damages to cellar structure and accumulated eosinophilic material. Renal tissue showed different pathological effects which was reflected by accumulated eosinophilic material, hemorrhages within the kidney tubules and hypertrophy of the tubular epithelia. Also at these levels of exposure, feminization of male fish could be noticed and parts of males manifested the testis-ova phenomenon. Ovaries of female rare minnow in 25 ng/l EE2 treatment group were degenerated. Therefore when exposed to EE2 and NP even at environmental observed concentrations, adverse effects could occur in the reproductive system of adult fishes. The observed hepatic tissue and renal tissue impairment should be due to the induction and accumulation of VTG in organs, especially in males.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.071","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Zha, J., Wang, Z., Wang, N., and Ingersoll, C., 2007, Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol: Chemosphere, v. 66, no. 3, p. 488-495, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.071.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"495","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502563,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/22562","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.071"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3154e4b0c8380cd5de27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zha, J.","contributorId":28809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zha","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.","contributorId":70189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031904,"text":"70031904 - 2007 - Brown trout and food web interactions in a Minnesota stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:26","indexId":"70031904","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brown trout and food web interactions in a Minnesota stream","docAbstract":"1. We examined indirect, community-level interactions in a stream that contained non-native brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus), native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill) and native slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus Richardson). Our objectives were to examine benthic invertebrate composition and prey selection of fishes (measured by total invertebrate dry mass, dry mass of individual invertebrate taxa and relative proportion of invertebrate taxa in the benthos and diet) among treatments (no fish, juvenile brook trout alone, juvenile brown trout alone, sculpin with brook trout and sculpin with brown trout). 2. We assigned treatments to 1 m2 enclosures/exclosures placed in riffles in Valley Creek, Minnesota, and conducted six experimental trials. We used three designs of fish densities (addition of trout to a constant number of sculpin with unequal numbers of trout and sculpin; addition of trout to a constant number of sculpin with equal numbers of trout and sculpin; and replacement of half the sculpin with an equal number of trout) to investigate the relative strength of interspecific versus intraspecific interactions. 3. Presence of fish (all three species, alone or in combined-species treatments) was not associated with changes in total dry mass of benthic invertebrates or shifts in relative abundance of benthic invertebrate taxa, regardless of fish density design. 4. Brook trout and sculpin diets did not change when each species was alone compared with treatments of both species together. Likewise, we did not find evidence for shifts in brown trout or sculpin diets when each species was alone or together. 5. We suggest that native brook trout and non-native brown trout fill similar niches in Valley Creek. We did not find evidence that either species had an effect on stream communities, potentially due to high invertebrate productivity in Valley Creek. ?? 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01681.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, J.K., and Vondracek, B., 2007, Brown trout and food web interactions in a Minnesota stream: Freshwater Biology, v. 52, no. 1, p. 123-136, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01681.x.","startPage":"123","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01681.x"},{"id":242753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f28ee4b0c8380cd4b24b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, J. K. H.","contributorId":105898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120422,"text":"70120422 - 2007 - Genetic studies of freshwater turtle and tortoises: a review of the past 70 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T15:38:36","indexId":"70120422","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Genetic studies of freshwater turtle and tortoises: a review of the past 70 years","docAbstract":"Powerful molecular techniques have been developed over many decades for resolving genetic relationships, population genetic structure, patterns of gene flow, mating systems, and the amount of genetic diversity in animals. Genetic studies of turtles were among the earliest and the rapid application of new genetic tools and analytical techniques is still apparent in the literature on turtles. At present, of the 198 freshwater turtles and tortoises that are listed as not extinct by the IUCN Red List, 69 species worldwide are listed as endangered or critically endangered, and an additional 56 species are listed as vulnerable. Of the ca. 300 species of the freshwater turtles and tortoises in the world, ca. 42% are considered to be facing a high risk extinction, and there is a need to focus intense conservation attention on these species. This includes a need to (i) assess our current state of knowledge regarding the application of genetics to studies of freshwater turtles and tortoises and (ii) determine future research directions. Here, we review all available published studies for the past 70 years that were written in English and used genetic markers (e.g. karyotypes, allozymes, DNA loci) to better understand the biology of freshwater turtles and tortoises. We review the types of studies conducted in relation to the species studied and quantify the countries where the studies were performed. We rack the changing use of different genetic markers through time and report on studies focused on aspects of molecular evolution within turtle genomes. We address the usefulness of particular genetic markers to answer phylogenetic questions and present data comparing population genetic structure and mating systems across species. We draw specific attention to whether authors have considered issues to turtle conservation in their research or provided new insights that have been translated into recommendations for conservation management.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Defining turtle diversity: proceedings of a workshop on genetics, ethics, and taxonomy of freshwater turtles and tortoises, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 8-12 August 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on genetics, ethics, and taxonomy of freshwater turtles and tortoises","conferenceDate":"August 8-12 2005","conferenceLocation":"Cambridge, MA","language":"English","publisher":"Chelonian Research Foundation","publisherLocation":"Lunenburg, MA","usgsCitation":"FitzSimmons, N.N., and Hart, K.M., 2007, Genetic studies of freshwater turtle and tortoises: a review of the past 70 years, in Defining turtle diversity: proceedings of a workshop on genetics, ethics, and taxonomy of freshwater turtles and tortoises, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 8-12 August 2005, v. 4, Cambridge, MA, August 8-12 2005, p. 15-46.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292198,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.chelonian.org/crm/chelonian-research-monographs-no-4/"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd4be4b0f61b386d23f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"FitzSimmons, Nancy N.","contributorId":36864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzSimmons","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031023,"text":"70031023 - 2007 - Holocene sea level and climate change in the Black Sea: Multiple marine incursions related to freshwater discharge events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031023","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene sea level and climate change in the Black Sea: Multiple marine incursions related to freshwater discharge events","docAbstract":"Repeated marine invasions of the Black Sea during the Holocene have been inferred by many eastern scientists as resulting from episodes of marine inflow from the Mediterranean beneath a brackish outflow from the Black Sea. We support this scenario but a fundamental question remains: What caused the repeated marine invasions? We offer an hypothesis for the repeated marine invasions of the Black Sea based on: (1) the overall similarity of sea-level curves from both tectonically quiescent and active margins of the Black Sea and their similarity to a sequence stratigraphic record from the US mid-Atlantic coast. The similarity of the records from two widely-separated regions suggests their common response to documented Holocene climate ocean-atmosphere reorganizations (coolings); (2) the fact that in the modern Black Sea, freshwater runoff from surrounding rivers dominates over evaporation, so that excess runoff might have temporarily raised Black Sea level (although the Black Sea would have remained brackish). Following the initial invasion of the Black Sea by marine Mediterranean waters (through the Marmara Sea) in the early Holocene, repeated marine incursions were modulated, or perhaps even caused, by freshwater discharge to the Black Sea. Climatic amelioration (warming) following each documented ocean-atmosphere reorganization during the Holocene likely shifted precipitation patterns in the surrounding region and caused mountain glaciers to retreat, increasing freshwater runoff above modern values and temporarily contributing to an increase of Black Sea level. Freshwater-to-brackish water discharges into the Black Sea initially slowed marine inflow but upon mixing of runoff with more marine waters beneath them and their eventual exit through the Bosphorus, marine inflow increased again, accounting for the repeated marine invasions. The magnitude of the hydrologic and sea-level fluctuations became increasingly attenuated through the Holocene, as reflected by Black Sea level curves. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2006.11.003","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Martin, R., Leorri, E., and McLaughlin, P., 2007, Holocene sea level and climate change in the Black Sea: Multiple marine incursions related to freshwater discharge events: Quaternary International, v. 167-168, p. 61-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.11.003.","startPage":"61","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211274,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.11.003"},{"id":238538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167-168","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31f0e4b0c8380cd5e387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, R.E.","contributorId":7654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leorri, E.","contributorId":46283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leorri","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, P.P.","contributorId":45865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"P.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032023,"text":"70032023 - 2007 - Survey of TES high albedo events in Mars' northern polar craters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:51:39","indexId":"70032023","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of TES high albedo events in Mars' northern polar craters","docAbstract":"Following the work exploring Korolev Crater (Armstrong et al., 2005) for evidence of crater interior ice deposits, we have conducted a survey of Thermal Emission Spectroscopy (TES) temperature and albedo measurements for Mars' northern polar craters larger than 10 km. Specifically, we identify a class of craters that exhibits brightening in their interiors during a solar longitude, Ls, of 60 to 120 degrees, roughly depending on latitude. These craters vary in size, latitude, and morphology, but appear to have a specific regional association on the surface that correlates with the distribution of subsurface hydrogen (interpreted as water ice) previously observed on Mars. We suggest that these craters, like Korolev, exhibit seasonal high albedo frost events that indicate subsurface water ice within the craters. A detailed study of these craters may provide insight in the geographical distribution of the ice and context for future polar missions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2006GL027960","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, J., Nielson, S., and Titus, T.N., 2007, Survey of TES high albedo events in Mars' northern polar craters: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 1, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027960.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl027960","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba28ce4b08c986b31f7aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, J.C.","contributorId":74947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielson, S.K.","contributorId":37554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":434200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032025,"text":"70032025 - 2007 - Earthquake likelihood model testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T14:09:02","indexId":"70032025","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake likelihood model testing","docAbstract":"The Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models (RELM) project aims to produce and evaluate alternate models of earthquake potential (probability per unit volume, magnitude, and time) for California. Based on differing assumptions, these models are produced to test the validity of their assumptions and to explore which models should be incorporated in seismic hazard and risk evaluation. Tests based on physical and geological criteria are useful but we focus on statistical methods using future earthquake catalog data only. We envision two evaluations: a test of consistency with observed data and a comparison of all pairs of models for relative consistency. Both tests are based on the likelihood method, and both are fully prospective (i.e., the models are not adjusted to fit the test data). To be tested, each model must assign a probability to any possible event within a specified region of space, time, and magnitude. For our tests the models must use a common format: earthquake rates in specified “bins” with location, magnitude, time, and focal mechanism limits.
Seismology cannot yet deterministically predict individual earthquakes; however, it should seek the best possible models for forecasting earthquake occurrence. This paper describes the statistical rules of an experiment to examine and test earthquake forecasts. The primary purposes of the tests described below are to evaluate physical models for earthquakes, assure that source models used in seismic hazard and risk studies are consistent with earthquake data, and provide quantitative measures by which models can be assigned weights in a consensus model or be judged as suitable for particular regions.
In this paper we develop a statistical method for testing earthquake likelihood models. A companion paper (Schorlemmer and Gerstenberger 2007, this issue) discusses the actual implementation of these tests in the framework of the RELM initiative.
Statistical testing of hypotheses is a common task and a wide range of possible testing procedures exist. Jolliffe and Stephenson (2003) present different forecast verifications from atmospheric science, among them likelihood testing of probability forecasts and testing the occurrence of binary events. Testing binary events requires that for each forecasted event, the spatial, temporal and magnitude limits be given. Although major earthquakes can be considered binary events, the models within the RELM project express their forecasts on a spatial grid and in 0.1 magnitude units; thus the results are a distribution of rates over space and magnitude. These forecasts can be tested with likelihood tests.
In general, likelihood tests assume a valid null hypothesis against which a given hypothesis is tested. The outcome is either a rejection of the null hypothesis in favor of the test hypothesis or a nonrejection, meaning the test hypothesis cannot outperform the null hypothesis at a given significance level. Within RELM, there is no accepted null hypothesis and thus the likelihood test needs to be expanded to allow comparable testing of equipollent hypotheses.
To test models against one another, we require that forecasts are expressed in a standard format: the average rate of earthquake occurrence within pre-specified limits of hypocentral latitude, longitude, depth, magnitude, time period, and focal mechanisms. Focal mechanisms should either be described as the inclination of P-axis, declination of P-axis, and inclination of the T-axis, or as strike, dip, and rake angles. Schorlemmer and Gerstenberger (2007, this issue) designed classes of these parameters such that similar models will be tested against each other. These classes make the forecasts comparable between models. Additionally, we are limited to testing only what is precisely defined and consistently reported in earthquake catalogs. Therefore it is currently not possible to test such information as fault rupture length or area, asperity location, etc. Also, to account for data quality issues, we allow for location and magnitude uncertainties as well as the probability that an event is dependent on another event.
As we mentioned above, only models with comparable forecasts can be tested against each other. Our current tests are designed to examine grid-based models. This requires that any fault-based model be adapted to a grid before testing is possible. While this is a limitation of the testing, it is an inherent difficulty in any such comparative testing. Please refer to appendix B for a statistical evaluation of the application of the Poisson hypothesis to fault-based models.
The testing suite we present consists of three different tests: L-Test, N-Test, and R-Test. These tests are defined similarily to Kagan and Jackson (1995). The first two tests examine the consistency of the hypotheses with the observations while the last test compares the spatial performances of the models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.78.1.17","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Schorlemmer, D., Gerstenberger, M., Wiemer, S., Jackson, D., and Rhoades, D., 2007, Earthquake likelihood model testing: Seismological Research Letters, v. 78, no. 1, p. 17-29, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.78.1.17.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04f5e4b0c8380cd50bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schorlemmer, D.","contributorId":30468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorlemmer","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerstenberger, M.C.","contributorId":51977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerstenberger","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiemer, S.","contributorId":22115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, D.D.","contributorId":41011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rhoades, D.A.","contributorId":45121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhoades","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031627,"text":"70031627 - 2007 - Nitrogen saturation in the Rocky Mountains: Linking emissions, deposition, and ecosystem effects using stable isotopes of nitrogen compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031627","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nitrogen saturation in the Rocky Mountains: Linking emissions, deposition, and ecosystem effects using stable isotopes of nitrogen compounds","docAbstract":"Elevated levels of atmospheric N deposition are affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at high elevations in Rocky Mountain National Park and adjacent areas of the Front Range of Colorado. Federal and state agencies are now working together to develop cost-effective means for reducing atmospheric N deposition. A discussion on N saturation covers the need for better understanding of N emission source areas and source types that contribute to N deposition in the Rocky Mountains Front Range of Colorado; reductions in NO emissions that resulted from Clean Air Act Amendments, which caused NO3 deposition to decrease between 1984 and 2003; factors contributing to N deposition, e.g., rapid population growth and energy development; origins of NO3, e.g., as NO emissions from fossil fuel combustion, including stationary sources (e.g. emission from coal combustion in electric generating units), and mobile sources (vehicle emissions); disperse stationary sources from energy resource development, e.g., natural gas production; and the importance of incorporating local source characterization and finer spatial and temporal sampling into future studies, which could provide additional insight into N deposition source attribution. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 100th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the Air and Waste Management Association (Pittsburgh, PA 6/26-29/2007).","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Association's Annual Conference and Exhibition, AWMA","conferenceTitle":"Air and Waste Management Association - 100th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the Air and Waste Management Association 2007","conferenceDate":"26 June 2007 through 29 June 2007","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA","language":"English","issn":"10526102","isbn":"9781604238464","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K., Nanus, L., Böhlke, J., Harlin, K., and Collett, J., 2007, Nitrogen saturation in the Rocky Mountains: Linking emissions, deposition, and ecosystem effects using stable isotopes of nitrogen compounds, in Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Association's Annual Conference and Exhibition, AWMA, v. 3, Pittsburgh, PA, 26 June 2007 through 29 June 2007, p. 2138-2144.","startPage":"2138","endPage":"2144","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66f1e4b0c8380cd730b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":432413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nanus, L.","contributorId":83239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harlin, K.","contributorId":107498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlin","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collett, J.","contributorId":33923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146529,"text":"70146529 - 2007 - High-resolution measurements of suspended-sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-16T10:03:02","indexId":"70146529","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"High-resolution measurements of suspended-sediment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on River Sedimentation, August 1-4, 2007, Moscow, Russia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Moscow State University","usgsCitation":"Topping, D.J., Wright, S., Melis, T., and Rubin, D.M., 2007, High-resolution measurements of suspended-sediment, in Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on River Sedimentation, August 1-4, 2007, Moscow, Russia, v. III, p. 330-338.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"338","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","volume":"III","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530dd2fe4b0b22a1580615e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031017,"text":"70031017 - 2007 - Frequency of sublethal injury in a deepwater ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata, an important component of western Atlantic Lophelia reef communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70031017","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency of sublethal injury in a deepwater ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata, an important component of western Atlantic Lophelia reef communities","docAbstract":"The occurrence and relative abundance of tissue (arm) regeneration in the ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata (Retzius), was examined in individuals collected primarily among colonies of the deep-water coral Lophelia pertusa off the southeastern United States. Seven deep-water coral sites (384-756 m), located between Cape Lookout, NC, and Cape Canaveral, FL, were sampled in June 2004 using a manned submersible. The presence of regenerative tissue was evaluated by visual inspection of each individual ophiuroid, and the proportion of regenerating arms per individual was examined relative to size of individual, geographic location, and depth of collection. Ophiacantha bidentata, the dominant brittle star collected, commonly displayed signs of sublethal injury with over 60% of individuals displaying some evidence of regeneration. These levels of regeneration rival those reported for shallow-water ophiuroids. Larger individuals (>6.5 mm disc size) had a higher incidence of regeneration than smaller individuals. Size of individual and percent of regeneration were negatively correlated with depth. Although O. bidentata was significantly less abundant in southern versus northern sites, ophiuroid abundance did not appear to be influenced by amount or density of coral substratum. Presence of dense aggregations of O. bidentata indicates that they are an important component of the invertebrate assemblage associated with deep-water coral habitat especially in the northern part of the study area. Assuming that observed frequencies of injury and subsequent regeneration represent predation events then dense ophiuroid aggregations in deep-water coral habitats represent an important renewable trophic resource within these communities. ?? 2007 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00227-007-0690-4","issn":"00253162","usgsCitation":"Allen, B.R., Nizinski, M., Ross, S.W., and Sulak, K., 2007, Frequency of sublethal injury in a deepwater ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata, an important component of western Atlantic Lophelia reef communities: Marine Biology, v. 152, no. 2, p. 307-314, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0690-4.","startPage":"307","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211643,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0690-4"},{"id":238970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13d2e4b0c8380cd547bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Brooks R.","contributorId":87361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Brooks","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nizinski, M.S.","contributorId":94495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nizinski","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":72543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}