Shallow freshwater ecosystems emit large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), yet emissions are highly variable. The role that aquatic macrophytes play in regulating aquatic GHG emissions is uncertain despite their ability to dominate shallow waterbodies. Here, we studied the effects of submersed macrophyte (Ceratophyllum demersum) density on CO2 and CH4 concentrations and fluxes. We conducted a 61-days experiment using mesocosms containing one of the following C. demersum density treatments: 0, 10, 20, or 30 individual shoots (n = 3). We found that high density C. demersum had the highest CO2 and CH4 surface water concentrations and emissions while there was no significant difference in CH4 in the low and medium densities and no plant control. The high density treatment lost biomass over the course of the experiment, indicating die-off and additions of organic matter to the sediment. High organic matter loading and low dissolved oxygen likely stimulated GHG production in the high density treatment. Our results emphasize that submersed macrophyte density and periods of growth and dieback are important in regulating GHG emissions, which may help explain why shallow waterbodies are high yet variable sources of GHGs to the atmosphere.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Shriver, L.C., 2023, USGS RAMPS (Restoration Assessment and Monitoring Program for the Southwest) newsletter - Fall 2023 edition, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-156993","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":425688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cms.usgs.gov/centers/southwest-biological-science-center/news/ramps-newsletter-fall-2023"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shriver, Laura Cecilia 0009-0008-5567-0868","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5567-0868","contributorId":334175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shriver","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"Cecilia","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70256551,"text":"70256551 - 2023 - Evidence for infection influencing survival of the freshwater copepod Salmincola californiensis, a parasite of Pacific salmon and trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-07T12:07:22.513268","indexId":"70256551","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-23T07:01:43","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for infection influencing survival of the freshwater copepod Salmincola californiensis, a parasite of Pacific salmon and trout","docAbstract":"We explore apparent infection of Salmincola californiensis arising during investigations involving this lernaeopodid copepod parasitic on Pacific salmon and trout Oncorhynchus spp.
We noted occasional unusual coloration of adult female copepods collected from the wild. These females were bright blue and pink in contrast to the cream white coloration characteristic of the copepod. We also observed that similar color patterns developed under laboratory settings when copepod eggs were held for hatching. In paired egg cases, we found consistent hatching failure of blue and pink eggs and patterns in apparent disease development that would be consistent with both vertical and horizontal transmission.
Attempts to identify the cause of the apparent infection using genetic methods and transmission electron microscopy were inconclusive.
Iridovirus infection was initially suspected, but bacterial infection is also plausible. This apparent reduced hatching success of S. californiensis warrants further exploration as it could reduce local abundances. Given the potential importance of a disease impacting this copepod, a parasite that itself affects endangered and commercially important Pacific salmon and trout, future research would benefit from clarification of the apparent infection through additional sequencing, primer development, visualization, and exploration into specificity and transmission.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/aah.10206","usgsCitation":"Murphy, C.A., Gerth, W., Neal, T., Antonelli, K., Sanders, J., and Arismendi, I., 2023, Evidence for infection influencing survival of the freshwater copepod Salmincola californiensis, a parasite of Pacific salmon and trout: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 35, no. 4, p. 280-285, https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10206.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"280","endPage":"285","ipdsId":"IP-142140","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Christina Amy 0000-0002-3467-6610","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-6610","contributorId":335232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"Amy","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerth, William","contributorId":341104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerth","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neal, Travis","contributorId":341105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neal","given":"Travis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Antonelli, Kelsi","contributorId":341106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antonelli","given":"Kelsi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sanders, Justin L.","contributorId":341107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Justin L.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arismendi, Ivan","contributorId":341108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arismendi","given":"Ivan","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70249670,"text":"70249670 - 2023 - Mercury sources and budget for the Snake River above a hydroelectric reservoir complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-24T11:51:58.672795","indexId":"70249670","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-23T06:49:14","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury sources and budget for the Snake River above a hydroelectric reservoir complex","docAbstract":"Understanding sources of mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) to a water body is critical for management but is often complicated by poorly characterized Hg inputs and in situ processes, such as inorganic Hg methylation. In this study, we determined inorganic Hg and MeHg concentrations and loads (filter-passing and particulate fractions) for a semi-arid 164-kilometer stretch of the Snake River above the Hells Canyon Complex, a Hg-impaired hydroelectric reservoir complex on the Idaho-Oregon border, and used water quality measurements and Hg stable isotope ratios to create a comprehensive Hg source budget for the river. Results show that whereas most of the streamflow to the study reach comes from the main branch of the Snake River (i.e., the upstream watershed), major tributaries within the study reach contribute a greater proportion of inorganic Hg and MeHg loads. Mercury stable-isotope analyses highlight that Hg within the tributaries is predominantly associated with geologic deposits and snowmelt sources, the latter reflecting wet deposition. Surprisingly, irrigation return drains contribute 40–50 % of particulate inorganic Hg loads despite being ≤4.3 % of the overall water budget. Together, tributaries and irrigation return drains account for 97–100 % of the inorganic Hg and streamflow to the study reach, but ~65 % of the MeHg, indicating in-stream and riparian methylation may be an important and previously unrecognized source of MeHg. Streamflow, total suspended solids, dissolved organic carbon, and agricultural land cover were found to be important controls on the mobilization and transport of different Hg species and fractions. This study represents the first fluvial budget for Hg in the Snake River that accounts for particulate and filter-passing Hg species from both major tributaries and irrigation return drains, and expands our understanding of Hg sources and methylation processes within semi-arid environments. This information is critical to inform management decisions related to elevated Hg burdens in biota.
Habitat selection analyses provide a window into the perceived value of habitats by animals and how those perceptions compare with other animals, change across time, or change in relation to availability (termed functional responses). Habitat selection analysis and functional responses can be used to develop strategies to avoid habitat limitations, guide habitat management, and set attainable conservation goals. GPS relocations of marked animals are the principal data used in habitat selection analysis. The accuracy and frequency with which tracking devices collect data are increasing and may result in non-stationary point processes that result from latent behaviors previously unidentifiable in sparse data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2023.1232704","usgsCitation":"Overton, C.T., and Casazza, M.L., 2023, Movement behavior, habitat selection, and functional responses to habitat availability among four species of wintering waterfowl in California: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, 1232704, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1232704.","productDescription":"1232704, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154265","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441800,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1232704","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ELSUHN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Movements, Used Habitats, and Available Habitats Identified using Step Selection Processes for Four Species of Waterfowl in California's Central 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\"}}]}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70257369,"text":"70257369 - 2023 - Effects of solar energy development on ants in the Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-04T15:28:42.918821","indexId":"70257369","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of solar energy development on ants in the Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"Land-use change from solar energy development may affect desert ecosystems and the soils, plants, and animals therein, yet our understanding of these interactions is nascent. With their ubiquity, criticality as ecosystem constituents, and sensitivity to environmental variation, ants may be useful study organisms for elucidating ecological effects of solar energy development in deserts. Our objectives were to disentangle the response of a desert ant community to solar energy development decisions and test the efficacy of ants as bioindicators at a solar power facility (392 MW) in the Mojave Desert, USA. We used pitfall traps to collect ants in treatments representing different solar energy development decisions, including variably intense site preparation practices: blading (i.e., bulldozing) and mowing, and establishment of undeveloped patches in solar fields, replicated across three power blocks comprising the facility and in undeveloped control sites surrounding the facility. We determined that ant abundance, species richness, Shannon Diversity Index, and functional richness were lower in bladed treatments than in all other treatments and controls. For most taxonomic and functional ant responses, we detected no difference between nonbladed treatments and controls; these results suggest that less intensive site preparation and increased spatial heterogeneity (i.e., undeveloped patches in solar fields) can reduce the negative effects of solar energy development on desert ants. However, our results indicate that ants may serve as useful bioindicators of the severity of anthropogenic disturbance from solar energy development in deserts, and indicator analysis signifies that solar energy infrastructure may negatively affect some species with high ecological value (e.g., harvester ants). Negative effects of solar energy development on ants can have significant implications for desert ecosystem function and integrity, but conservation-minded solar facility design and construction may lead to avoidance of “bottom-up” ecological ramifications of increased solar production during the renewable energy transition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4668","usgsCitation":"Grodsky, S.M., Roeder, K.A., and Campbell, J.W., 2023, Effects of solar energy development on ants in the Mojave Desert: Ecosphere, v. 14, no. 10, e4668, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4668.","productDescription":"e4668, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149842","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4668","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ivanpah Valley, Mohave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.82156406627017,\n 35.71766195399054\n ],\n [\n -115.82156406627017,\n 35.33528905925775\n ],\n [\n -115.30070647469331,\n 35.33528905925775\n ],\n [\n -115.30070647469331,\n 35.71766195399054\n ],\n [\n -115.82156406627017,\n 35.71766195399054\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grodsky, Steven Mark 0000-0003-0846-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0846-7230","contributorId":328517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grodsky","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeder, Karl A.","contributorId":342490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roeder","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6605,"text":"USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Joshua W.","contributorId":342492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70250147,"text":"70250147 - 2023 - Annual and inter-annual variability in the diffuse attenuation coefficient and turbidity in an urbanized Washington lake from 2013 to 2022 assessed using Landsat-8/9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T15:55:03.53343","indexId":"70250147","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-21T09:47:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual and inter-annual variability in the diffuse attenuation coefficient and turbidity in an urbanized Washington lake from 2013 to 2022 assessed using Landsat-8/9","docAbstract":"Water clarity, defined in this study using measurements of the downwelling diffuse light attenuation coefficient (Kd) and turbidity, is an important indicator of lake trophic status and ecosystem health. We used in-situ measurements to evaluate existing semi-analytical models for Kd and turbidity, developed a regional turbidity model based on spectral shape, and evaluated the spatial and temporal trends in Lake Washington from 2013 to 2022 using Landsat-8/9 Operational Land Imager (OLI). We found no significant trends from 2013 to 2022 in Kd or turbidity when both the annual and full datasets were considered. In addition to the spring peak lasting from April through June, autumn Kd peaks were present at all sites, a pattern consistent with seasonal chlorophyll a and zooplankton concentrations. There existed no autumn peak in the monthly turbidity dataset, and the spring peak occurred two months before the Kd peak, nearly mirroring seasonal variability in the Cedar River discharge rates over the same period. The Kd and turbidity algorithms were thus each more sensitive to different sources of water clarity variability in Lake Washington.
","language":"English","publisher":"MPDI","doi":"10.3390/rs15205055","usgsCitation":"Schulien, J.A., Code, T.J., DeGasperi, C.L., Beauchamp, D., Tonus Ellis, A., and Litt, A.H., 2023, Annual and inter-annual variability in the diffuse attenuation coefficient and turbidity in an urbanized Washington lake from 2013 to 2022 assessed using Landsat-8/9: Remote Sensing, v. 15, no. 20, 5055, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15205055.","productDescription":"5055, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158607","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15205055","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.29668187426911,\n 47.76219367672758\n ],\n [\n -122.2936983290256,\n 47.49342533323215\n ],\n [\n -122.1703784589545,\n 47.49342533323215\n ],\n [\n -122.19822488122844,\n 47.75617656843582\n ],\n [\n -122.29668187426911,\n 47.76219367672758\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulien, Jennifer A.","contributorId":331715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulien","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":79272,"text":"Schulien Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Code, Tessa Julianne 0000-0003-1481-020X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-020X","contributorId":331687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Code","given":"Tessa","email":"","middleInitial":"Julianne","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeGasperi, Curtis L.","contributorId":257393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeGasperi","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beauchamp, David 0000-0002-3592-8381","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":217816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tonus Ellis, Arielle","contributorId":331716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tonus Ellis","given":"Arielle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36795,"text":"University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Litt, Arni H.","contributorId":331717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Litt","given":"Arni","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36795,"text":"University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70250905,"text":"70250905 - 2023 - Impacts of acute and chronic suspended solids exposure on juvenile freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T13:46:37.840986","indexId":"70250905","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-21T07:44:17","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of acute and chronic suspended solids exposure on juvenile freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"Construction activities may affect adjacent water systems by introducing increased levels of suspended solids into the water body and may subsequently affect the survival and growth of freshwater mussels. We tested three sediment types from sites in Missouri, including Spring River sediment (SRS), Osage River bank clay soil (ORC), and quarried limestone from Columbia (LMT). We prepared series of suspensions of each sediment with total suspended solids concentrations ranging from 0 to 5000 mg/L. Juveniles from three mussel species, Fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea), Arkansas Brokenray (Lampsilis reeveiana), and Washboard (Megalonaias nervosa) were exposed to these suspensions in both acute (96-h) and chronic (28-d) tests. No clear impact on survival was observed from the acute or chronic exposures, but chronic test showed that juvenile mussels' growth was strongly affected. Interestingly, growth was enhanced at lower levels of SRS and ORC (≤500 mg/L, p < 0.05), and the juvenile mussels exposed to 500 mg/L SRS exhibited approximately 60 % more dry weight than those reared in the control. LMT did not enhance growth. Growth was slowed by high concentrations (>1000 mg/L) of all three sediments, implying that high suspended solids levels could reduce survival in the long term. Our findings may help to inform regulations and guidelines for construction activities to minimize adverse effects on juvenile mussels.
The purpose of this review is to better understand the full life cycle and influence of ammonia from an aquatic biology perspective. While ammonia has toxic properties in water and air, it also plays a central role in the biogeochemical nitrogen (N) cycle and regulates mechanisms of normal and abnormal fish physiology. Additionally, as the second most synthesized chemical on Earth, ammonia contributes economic value to many sectors, particularly fertilizers, energy storage, explosives, refrigerants, and plastics. But, with so many uses, industrial N2-fixation effectively doubles natural reactive N concentrations in the environment. The consequence is global, with excess fixed nitrogen driving degradation of soils, water, and air; intensifying eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and climate change; and creating health risks for humans, wildlife, and fisheries. Thus, the need for ammonia research in aquatic systems is growing. In response, we prepared this review to better understand the complexities and connectedness of environmental ammonia. Even the term “ammonia” has multiple meanings. So, we have clarified the nomenclature, identified units of measurement, and summarized methods to measure ammonia in water. We then discuss ammonia in the context of the N-cycle, review its role in fish physiology and mechanisms of toxicity, and integrate the effects of human N-fixation, which continuously expands ammonia's sources and uses. Ammonia is being developed as a carbon-free energy carrier with potential to increase reactive nitrogen in the environment. With this in mind, we review the global impacts of excess reactive nitrogen and consider the current monitoring and regulatory frameworks for ammonia. The presented synthesis illustrates the complex and interactive dynamics of ammonia as a plant nutrient, energy molecule, feedstock, waste product, contaminant, N-cycle participant, regulator of animal physiology, toxicant, and agent of environmental change. Few molecules are as influential as ammonia in the management and resilience of Earth's resources.
Grasslands are among the most impacted ecosystems globally. In the midcontinent of North America, a > 80% loss of grasslands has made their conservation a major priority for resource managers. Grassland ecosystems evolved under periodic disturbances; consequently, grassland management often involves regular actions such as grazing, haying, or burning to maintain ecosystem integrity. The timing of such practices has direct implications on grassland ecology, agricultural economics, and survival and fecundity of grassland nesting birds (hereafter grassland birds). We conducted a meta-analysis on the nesting phenology of grassland birds throughout North America, focusing on nest-survival literature. We constructed a well-fitting model to predict median date of expected nest departure (hereafter fledge date) for grassland birds across the midcontinent. Predictions from our model demonstrate considerable spatial variation in median nesting phenology that is predictable using a spatially explicit spring phenology index. Median fledge dates were 8 or 13 days earlier in years of extreme weather conditions (dry or wet, respectively) than in years of average conditions. Species that generally nest in taller vegetation tended to have later median nest phenologies than those using shorter vegetation. Our results incorporate the most rigorous information available in the literature on nesting phenology of 36 grassland bird species and improve information available to managers about nesting phenology of grassland birds in the midcontinent of North America. Our predictions approximate the day when one-half of the nesting efforts would be complete for a given area within the midcontinent grasslands and can inform management and conservation decisions about the timing of management actions in grassland ecosystems.
Wildlife diseases are a major global threat to biodiversity. Boreal toads (Anaxyrus [Bufo] boreas) are a state-endangered species in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico, and a species of concern in Wyoming, largely due to lethal skin infections caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We performed conservation and landscape genomic analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms from double-digest, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing in combination with the development of the first boreal toad (and first North American toad) reference genome to investigate population structure, genomic diversity, landscape connectivity and adaptive divergence. Genomic diversity (π = 0.00034–0.00040) and effective population sizes (Ne = 8.9–38.4) were low, likely due to post-Pleistocene founder effects and Bd-related population crashes over the last three decades. Population structure was also low, likely due to formerly high connectivity among a higher density of geographically proximate populations. Boreal toad gene flow was facilitated by low precipitation, cold minimum temperatures, less tree canopy, low heat load and less urbanization. We found >8X more putatively adaptive loci related to Bd intensity than to all other environmental factors combined, and evidence for genes under selection related to immune response, heart development and regulation and skin function. These data suggest boreal toads in habitats with Bd have experienced stronger selection pressure from disease than from other, broad-scale environmental variations. These findings can be used by managers to conserve and recover the species through actions including reintroduction and supplementation of populations that have declined due to Bd.
We present the validation methodology and results of Dynamic Surface Water eXtent from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (DSWx-HLS). The DSWx-HLS product is the first of the DSWx suite, comprised of products each which map water from Earth Observation optical and SAR satellites. We detail the generation of high-resolution (3 m) validation datasets from a globally-stratified sample of dry, moderate, and wet sites. We provide the precise accounting of the classification metrics used to verify the Observational Products for End-users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) project requirements. We also report broader classification metrics across the validation datasets considered. OPERA performs validation in the public domain to ensure that the validation activities are transparent and reproducible. The resulting validation datasets and provisional OPERA products are publicly available; the software used for validation is also open-source.
","conferenceTitle":"IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","conferenceDate":"July 16-21, 2023","conferenceLocation":"Pasadena, CA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10283397","usgsCitation":"Arena, N., Bato, G., Bekaert, D., Bonnema, M., Chan, S., Chapman, B., Jones, J., Handwerger, A., Lewandowski, A., Marshak, C., Sangha, S., and Venkataramani, K., 2023, Opera Dynamic Surface Water extents for Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (DSWX-HLS) validation activities, IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Pasadena, CA, July 16-21, 2023, p. 2723-2726, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10283397.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2723","endPage":"2726","ipdsId":"IP-153954","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":428363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arena, Nicholas","contributorId":336167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arena","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bato, Grace","contributorId":336168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bato","given":"Grace","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekaert, David","contributorId":336169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bekaert","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonnema, Matthew","contributorId":336170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonnema","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chan, Steven","contributorId":336171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chan","given":"Steven","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chapman, Bruce","contributorId":336172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, John 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Handwerger, Alexander L.","contributorId":336174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Handwerger","given":"Alexander L.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lewandowski, Alex","contributorId":336176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewandowski","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Marshak, Charlie","contributorId":336178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshak","given":"Charlie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sangha, Simran","contributorId":336183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sangha","given":"Simran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Venkataramani, Karthik","contributorId":336185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Venkataramani","given":"Karthik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70256488,"text":"70256488 - 2023 - Change-point models for identifying behavioral transitions in wild animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-07T15:40:00.947336","indexId":"70256488","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-20T10:36:19","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2792,"text":"Movement Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change-point models for identifying behavioral transitions in wild animals","docAbstract":"Animal behavior can be difficult, time-consuming, and costly to observe in the field directly. Innovative modeling methods, such as hidden Markov models (HMMs), allow researchers to infer unobserved animal behaviors from movement data, and implementations often assume that transitions between states occur multiple times. However, some behavioral shifts of interest, such as parturition, migration initiation, and juvenile dispersal, may only occur once during an observation period, and HMMs may not be the best approach to identify these changes. We present two change-point models for identifying single transitions in movement behavior: a location-based change-point model and a movement metric-based change-point model. We first conducted a simulation study to determine the ability of these models to detect a behavioral transition given different amounts of data and the degree of behavioral shifts. We then applied our models to two ungulate species in central Pennsylvania that were fitted with global positioning system collars and vaginal implant transmitters to test hypotheses related to parturition behavior. We fit these models in a Bayesian framework and directly compared the ability of each model to describe the parturition behavior across species. Our simulation study demonstrated that successful change point estimation using either model was possible given at least 12 h of post-change observations and 15 min fix interval. However, our models received mixed support among deer and elk in Pennsylvania due to behavioral variation between species and among individuals. Our results demonstrate that when the behavior follows the dynamics proposed by the two models, researchers can identify the timing of a behavioral change. Although we refer to detecting parturition events, our results can be applied to any behavior that results in a single change in time.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2023.1227227","usgsCitation":"Kurz, D.J., Middleton, A., Chapman, M.S., Huber, B.R., Mcinturff, M.C., Sorgen, J., Van Houtan, K.S., Wilkinson, C.E., Withey, L., and Brashares, J., 2023, Including Rural America in academic conservation science: Frontiers in Conservation Science, v. 4, 1227227, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1227227.","productDescription":"1227227, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147164","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1227227","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurz, David J.","contributorId":339166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Arthur","contributorId":39274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":903827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, Melissa S.","contributorId":339171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huber, Bruce R.","contributorId":339175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huber","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":81248,"text":"Notre Dame Law School","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mcinturff, Michael C 0000-0002-4858-1292","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-1292","contributorId":337290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcinturff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sorgen, Jeremy","contributorId":339176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sorgen","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Van Houtan, Kyle S.","contributorId":339177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Houtan","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilkinson, Christine E.","contributorId":339178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Withey, Lauren","contributorId":339179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Withey","given":"Lauren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brashares, Justin S.","contributorId":339180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brashares","given":"Justin S.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70247132,"text":"70247132 - 2023 - Monitoring long-term changes of urban surface temperature using time-series land cover and remote sensing data across 50 major cities in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-28T14:42:03.934403","indexId":"70247132","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-20T09:35:45","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring long-term changes of urban surface temperature using time-series land cover and remote sensing data across 50 major cities in the United States","docAbstract":"The increase of developed land changes the Earth’s ecosystems and, in doing so, impacts the natural environment and further affects the services it provides to humans. 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Urban areas usually exhibit relatively warmer air and surface temperatures than surrounding non-urban lands, a phenomenon recognized as Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI). As urban areas continue to develop and the climate continues to warm, it has become increasingly important to quantify and map the SUHI effect and learn how to mitigate it. To help meet the expanding need of analysis ready data for SUHI based studies, a methodology was developed to evaluate Land Surface Temperature (LST) using the Landsat Collection 1 Provisional Surface Temperature Science Product. The Landsat derived LST products were processed for 50 major cities throughout the Conterminous U.S. The SUHI product package includes per-pixel annual surface temperature, annual intensity, annual hotspot, and hotspot probability bands from 1985 to 2020.
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0000-0002-9948-1304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-1304","contributorId":302266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Chase","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hussain, Reza 0000-0002-5445-3027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-3027","contributorId":301245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hussain","given":"Reza","affiliations":[{"id":65343,"text":"KBR, Contractor to U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shi, Hua 0000-0001-7013-1565","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-1565","contributorId":302265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shi","given":"Hua","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arab, Saeed 0000-0003-1602-8801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1602-8801","contributorId":299964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arab","given":"Saeed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61731,"text":"KBR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70259714,"text":"70259714 - 2023 - An integrated framework for examining groundwater vulnerability in the Mekong River Delta region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-19T13:06:25.936468","indexId":"70259714","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-20T08:04:22","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated framework for examining groundwater vulnerability in the Mekong River Delta region","docAbstract":"The Mekong River provides water, food security, and many other valuable benefits to the more than 60 million Southeast Asian residents living within its basin. However, the Mekong River Basin is increasingly stressed by changes in climate, land cover, and infrastructure. These changes can affect water quantity and quality and exacerbate related hazards such as land subsidence and saltwater intrusion, resulting in multiple compounding risks for neighboring communities. In this study, we demonstrate the connection between climate change, groundwater availability, and social vulnerability by linking the results of a numerical groundwater model to land cover and socioeconomic data at the Cambodia-Vietnam border in the Mekong River Delta region. We simulated changes in groundwater availability across 20 years and identified areas of potential water stress based on domestic and agriculture-related freshwater demands. We then assessed adaptive capacity to understand how communities may be able to respond to this stress to better understand the growing risk of groundwater scarcity driven by climate change and overextraction. This study offers a novel approach for assessing risk of groundwater scarcity by linking the effects of climate change to the socioeconomic context in which they occur. Increasing our understanding of how changes in groundwater availability may affect local populations can help water managers better plan for the future, leading to more resilient communities.
The study of nocturnally active bats is difficult even for those species that seasonally congregate. This challenge is particularly acute for ‘ōpe‘ape‘a (Hawaiian hoary bat; Lasiurus semotus) because of its solitary foliage-roosting behavior. Yet surveys are essential for conservation and management of this endangered species and only land mammal endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. We surveyed for ‘ōpe‘ape‘a at 23 sites and a range of elevations (33–2,341 m) on Hawai‘i Island from May 2018 to August 2021. We captured 138 unique bats (37 female, 101 male) over 224 mist-netting events. We averaged 16 net-hours per bat capture, with peak captures 30–90 min after sunset. We marked all captured individuals in this study with identifying forearm bands and recaptures represented 7% of total captures (10 of 148). We developed generalized linear mixed models to examine the relationship of nightly bat captures by sex to elevation and time-of-year while accounting for variable sampling effort and repeated sampling in this study. Both males and females were captured at low and high elevations with peak capture rates occurring at approximately 930 m. The capture rate for females was highest during the reproductive season (May to September), whereas it was highest for males during the non-reproductive season (October to April). This study informs future fieldwork with a description of ‘ōpe‘ape‘a capture on Hawai‘i Island by sex, elevation, time-of-year and time-of-night, radio transmitter retention, and recapture frequency.
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Marcos 0000-0002-0707-9212","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-9212","contributorId":196628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P. 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","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/gwmr.12621","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., 2023, In my experience: Groundwater-surface-water interactions reflect the path of least resistance: Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, v. 43, no. 4, p. 119-121, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12621.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"121","ipdsId":"IP-153839","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12621","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70249728,"text":"70249728 - 2023 - Bayesian weighting of climate models based on climate sensitivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T11:54:44.46868","indexId":"70249728","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-20T06:53:44","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8956,"text":"Communications Earth & Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian weighting of climate models based on climate sensitivity","docAbstract":"Using climate model ensembles containing members that exhibit very high climate sensitivities to increasing CO2 concentrations can result in biased projections. Various methods have been proposed to ameliorate this ‘hot model’ problem, such as model emulators or model culling. Here, we utilize Bayesian Model Averaging as a framework to address this problem without resorting to outright rejection of models from the ensemble. Taking advantage of multiple lines of evidence used to construct the best estimate of the earth’s climate sensitivity, the Bayesian Model Averaging framework produces an unbiased posterior probability distribution of model weights. The updated multi-model ensemble projects end-of-century global mean surface temperature increases of 2 oC for a low emissions scenario (SSP1-2.6) and 5 oC for a high emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5). These estimates are lower than those produced using a simple multi-model mean for the CMIP6 ensemble. The results are also similar to results from a model culling approach, but retain some weight on low-probability models, allowing for consideration of the possibility that the true value could lie at the extremes of the assessed distribution. Our results showcase Bayesian Model Averaging as a path forward to project future climate change that is commensurate with the available scientific evidence.
In 2016, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration deployed the first iteration of an operational National Water Model (NWM) to forecast the water cycle in the continental United States. With many versions, an hourly, multi-decadal historic simulation is made available to the public. In all released to date, the files containing simulated streamflow contain a snapshot of model conditions across the entire domain for a single timestep which makes accessing time series a technical and resource-intensive challenge. In the most recent release, extracting a complete streamflow time series for a single location requires managing 367,920 files (~16.2 TB). In this work we describe a reproducible process for restructuring a sequential set of NWM steamflow files for efficient time series access and provide restructured datasets for versions 1.2 (1993–2018), 2.0 (1993–2020), and 2.1 (1979–2022). These datasets have been made accessible via an OPeNDAP enabled THREDDS data server for public use and a brief analysis highlights the latest version of the model should not be assumed best for all locations. Lastly we describe an R package that expedites data retrieval with examples for multiple use-cases.
Characterizing the crustal structure of Indonesia is important to gain a better understanding of its geodynamic evolution and improve seismic hazard assessments in the area. However, a unified crustal model of the entire Indonesian region and its surroundings is lacking. We present new maps of crustal thickness and bulk Vp/Vs ratio in Indonesia and the surrounding area that are obtained using P-wave receiver functions at 36 seismic stations from several permanent regional networks. The measured crustal thickness varies from ∼24 km to ∼38 km. The thickest crust, ∼38 km, is beneath Flores Island, southern Maluku, and neighboring northernmost Australia, whereas the thinnest crust, ∼24 km, is found under eastern Malaysia. Thus, crustal thickness varies by ∼14 km (from ∼24 km to ∼38 km) despite the small changes in elevation at the measurement points. The Vp/Vs ratios are 1.79
Collaborative governance structures are increasingly common among natural resource managers. While studies have assessed the conditions under which collaborative action occurs, little emphasis has been placed on the role leadership may play in joint-jurisdictional systems. Management of species under the Endangered Species Act offers an opportunity to assess the collaboration of federal, state, and tribal resource agencies. The Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was managed under a structure called the Atlantic Salmon Recovery Framework (ASRF) from 2011 to 2019. Using the ASRF as a case study, we examined the influence of leadership approaches on perceived program efficacy, member buy-in, and experience through semi-structured interviews. Participant reflections revealed three major leadership themes that participants found inadequate: (1) shared goals, (2) transparency, and (3) trust. Collaborative approaches that foster these leadership conditions may increase adaptive capacity and the likelihood of sustained success in this, and other, environmental governance structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119203","usgsCitation":"Flye, M.E., Sponarski, C.C., McGreavy, B., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2023, Leading the charge: A qualitative case-study of leadership conditions in collaborative environmental governance structures: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 348, 119203, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119203.","productDescription":"119203, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119349","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119203","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"348","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flye, Melissa. E.","contributorId":275664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flye","given":"Melissa.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sponarski, Carly. C.","contributorId":342620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sponarski","given":"Carly.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGreavy, Bridie","contributorId":275231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGreavy","given":"Bridie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":910224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250885,"text":"70250885 - 2023 - Comparing methods to estimate feral burro abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T16:06:43.747101","indexId":"70250885","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-19T09:56:42","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing methods to estimate feral burro abundance","docAbstract":"Obtaining precise and unbiased estimates of feral burro (Equus asinus) abundance in the western United States is challenging due to their cryptic pelage and the rugged terrain they inhabit. Management agencies employ helicopter-based, simultaneous double-observer sightability surveys (hereafter denoted as DOS) to estimate abundance of burros; but the DOS method routinely produces negatively biased estimates due to residual heterogeneity in detection probability. Consequently, testing alternative methods to improve upon current procedures is warranted. Residual heterogeneity in DOS surveys can be minimized by including radio-collared individuals in the population. Alternatively, if distance measurements are recorded, residual heterogeneity can also be reduced via a mark-recapture distance sampling (MRDS) approach. Aerial infrared (IR) surveys offer a safer alternative than helicopter-based surveys because they can be flown at a higher altitude and require fewer observers in the aircraft. Further, IR surveys using a distance sampling approach have been shown to generate accurate and precise estimates of feral horse (E. caballus) populations. Accordingly, we compared results of surveys using aerial IR distance sampling, the standard DOS survey, a DOS survey incorporating detections of radio-collared individuals, and an MRDS analysis of a feral burro population with a known minimum population size in central Utah, winter 2015–2016 and spring 2016. The minimum number of burros known alive during the winter and spring surveys were 236 and 136, respectively. The average detection probability of IR surveys was P = 0.88 (SE = 0.16) and distance models produced estimates of 127 burros (95% CIs = 99–175) for the winter survey, and 94 burros (CIs = 72–134) for the spring survey. Mean detection probability of the standard DOS surveys was P = 0.78 (SE = 0.09), and model-generated abundance estimates were 155 burros (CIs = 133–227) in winter, and 92 burros (CIs = 79–139) in spring. Incorporating detections of radio-collared individuals in the DOS survey resulted in a decreased detection probability (P = 0.46; SE = 0.06) and increased abundance estimates to 267 (CIs = 169–571) and 155 (CIs = 128–263) for winter and spring, respectively. Mark-recapture distance sampling produced a mean detection probability of P = 0.48 (SE = 0.12) and resulted in estimates of 282 (CIs = 178–385) and 169 (CIs = 73–310) burros in winter and spring, respectively. Our study demonstrated that aerial IR surveys conducted using standard distance sampling can produce precise estimates of burro population sizes; however, estimates were negatively biased relative to the known population size. Small sample size limits generalization of our results, but the IR-based distance approach did not improve upon DOS surveys. Accounting for residual heterogeneity through use of radio-collars and mark-recapture distance sampling eliminated the negative bias from the standard DOS survey but decreased survey precision. Managers will need to decide whether unbiased but less precise abundance estimates are preferable compared to a more precise, but biased, estimate.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1495","usgsCitation":"Hennig, J., and Schoenecker, K., 2023, Comparing methods to estimate feral burro abundance: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 47, no. 4, e1495, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1495.","productDescription":"e1495, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-143673","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1495","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZS081M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Feral burro detections from aerial infrared surveys collected in Sinbad Herd Management Area, Utah, USA, from 2015-2016"},{"id":424281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Sinbad Herd Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.64724760767687,\n 38.90843748458232\n ],\n [\n -110.80027463938974,\n 38.90843748458232\n ],\n [\n -110.80027463938974,\n 38.836410812983246\n ],\n [\n -110.64724760767687,\n 38.836410812983246\n ],\n [\n -110.64724760767687,\n 38.90843748458232\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hennig, Jacob D.","contributorId":333094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hennig","given":"Jacob D.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":891913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenecker, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-9906-911X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-911X","contributorId":202531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kathryn A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}