{"pageNumber":"231","pageRowStart":"5750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11364,"records":[{"id":70182196,"text":"70182196 - 1996 - A bayesian approach to classification criteria for spectacled eiders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:17:05","indexId":"70182196","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bayesian approach to classification criteria for spectacled eiders","docAbstract":"<p><span>To facilitate decisions to classify species according to risk of extinction, we used Bayesian methods to analyze trend data for the Spectacled Eider, an arctic sea duck. Trend data from three independent surveys of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta were analyzed individually and in combination to yield posterior distributions for population growth rates. We used classification criteria developed by the recovery team for Spectacled Eiders that seek to equalize errors of under- or overprotecting the species. We conducted both a Bayesian decision analysis and a frequentist (classical statistical inference) decision analysis. Bayesian decision analyses are computationally easier, yield basically the same results, and yield results that are easier to explain to nonscientists. With the exception of the aerial survey analysis of the 10 most recent years, both Bayesian and frequentist methods indicated that an endangered classification is warranted. The discrepancy between surveys warrants further research. Although the trend data are abundance indices, we used a preliminary estimate of absolute abundance to demonstrate how to calculate extinction distributions using the joint probability distributions for population growth rate and variance in growth rate generated by the Bayesian analysis. Recent apparent increases in abundance highlight the need for models that apply to declining and then recovering species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2269592","usgsCitation":"Taylor, B., Wade, P., Stehn, R., and Cochrane, J., 1996, A bayesian approach to classification criteria for spectacled eiders: Ecological Applications, v. 6, no. 4, p. 1077-1089, https://doi.org/10.2307/2269592.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1089","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e33e4b0ce4410e7d61e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, B .L.","contributorId":181914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"B .L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wade, P.R.","contributorId":71761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehn, R.A.","contributorId":107642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochrane, J.F.","contributorId":53728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187615,"text":"70187615 - 1996 - A link between ridge subduction and gold mineralization in southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T17:45:25","indexId":"70187615","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5392,"text":"Newsletter of the Alaska Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A link between ridge subduction and gold mineralization in southern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., 1996, A link between ridge subduction and gold mineralization in southern Alaska: Newsletter of the Alaska Geological Society, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1-4.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":341081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426f3e4b0e541a03e9674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182064,"text":"70182064 - 1996 - Survival of northern pintail ducklings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T16:09:26","indexId":"70182064","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of northern pintail ducklings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied survival rates of Northern Pintail (<i>Anas acuta</i>; hereafter pintail) broods and ducklings along the lower Kashunuk River on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Survival rates were determined for 770 ducklings in 111 broods. Brood sizes at hatch were smaller in 1993 versus 1991 and 1992. Duckling survival rates were lower than those reported in previous studies and differed among years. Survival rates of ducklings declined with hatching date at a rate of 0.6% per day. Most mortality occurred during the first 10 days after hatch. Duckling survival rates were correlated with reported annual and seasonal variation in nesting success. This covariation probably results in large geographic and annual fluctuations in pintail production on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Early nesting pintails had better nesting success and duckling survival, which may offset higher nutritional costs of early nesting through higher recruitment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369507","usgsCitation":"Grand, J.B., and Flint, P.L., 1996, Survival of northern pintail ducklings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: The Condor, v. 98, no. 1, p. 48-53, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369507.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369507","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kashunuk River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57707e4b057081a24ee88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185836,"text":"70185836 - 1996 - Population, reproduction, and foraging of pigeon guillemots at Naked Island, Alaska, before and after the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:20:38","indexId":"70185836","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Population, reproduction, and foraging of pigeon guillemots at Naked Island, Alaska, before and after the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill","docAbstract":"<p><span>After the 1989 </span><i><span>Exxon Valdez</span></i><span> oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, we studied pigeon guillemots </span><i><span>Cepphus columba</span></i><span> breeding just 30 km from the grounding site. The postspill population was 43% smaller than the prespill population, but we could not attribute the entire decline to the spill because a decline in this guillemot population may have predated the spill. However, relative declines in the population were greater along oiled shorelines, suggesting that the spill was responsible for some of the decline. Reproduction appeared largely unaffected, but the cryptic nature of guillemot nests undoubtedly reduced our ability to detect failed nests. Nesting success was lower, but the apparent cause-greater losses of chicks to predators-was not obviously related to the spill. Fledging weight and growth rates of chicks and the rate at which adults delivered food to their chicks were not lower after the spill. The most likely explanation for the few effects observed is that oil was present on the surface waters of the study area for a relatively short period before the guillemots returned to begin their annual reproductive activities.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\"","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium","conferenceDate":"February 2-5, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Oakley, K.L., and Kuletz, K.J., 1996, Population, reproduction, and foraging of pigeon guillemots at Naked Island, Alaska, before and after the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill, <i>in</i> American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\", Anchorage, AK, February 2-5, 1993, p. 759-769.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"759","endPage":"769","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54018xm/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Naked Island, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.66311645507812,\n              60.51066727194594\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.24975585937497,\n              60.51066727194594\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.24975585937497,\n              60.755805188865246\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.66311645507812,\n              60.755805188865246\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.66311645507812,\n              60.51066727194594\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc804e4b02ff32c6856e2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686869,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spies, R.B.","contributorId":16946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686870,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, D.A.","contributorId":113989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686871,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, B.A.","contributorId":33875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686872,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Oakley, Karen L. koakley@usgs.gov","contributorId":747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"Karen","email":"koakley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuletz, Kathy J.","contributorId":24669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuletz","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189293,"text":"70189293 - 1996 - Seaducks: A time for action","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:49:04","indexId":"70189293","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seaducks: A time for action","docAbstract":"<p>Seaducks (Tribe Mergini) are a diverse group of birds. In North America, many species nest in boreal or arctic habitats in Canada and Alaska and winter in ice-free coastal, marine, and freshwater habitats. Data from long- term surveys, population studies, and local knowledge suggest that some populations and species of seaducks have declined over the past decades. In most cases, the trend data are sufficient to document population problems, although the precise historic population and number of remaining birds are frequently unknown. As various state, provincial, and federal agencies attempt to address this problem, the need for additional information becomes clear. In the U.S., funding for work on seaducks generally has not been available until a species has been listed or proposed for lisiting under the Endangered Species Act. It is also clear that the funding sources for waterfowl in general are inadequate to address all of the management needs for both seaducks and more heavily hunted species. However, this is not a satisfactory justification of the general neglect of seaducks. Here we discuss the problems of identifying and prioritizing studies and research of this diverse group and propose a plan of action.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"7th International Waterfowl Symposium (Proceedings)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"7th International Waterfowl Symposium","conferenceDate":"February 4-6, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Memphis, TN","language":"English","publisher":"Ducks Unlimited, Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., and Hogan, M.E., 1996, Seaducks: A time for action, <i>in</i> 7th International Waterfowl Symposium (Proceedings), Memphis, TN, February 4-6, 1996, p. 62-67.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"67","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59634098e4b0d1f9f059d80e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ratti, John T.","contributorId":59396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ratti","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":33344,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703992,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giudice, John H.","contributorId":182418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giudice","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":33344,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703993,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hogan, Mary E.","contributorId":141023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogan","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13236,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185238,"text":"70185238 - 1996 - Detectability, philopatry, and the distribution of dispersal distances in vertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T15:00:47","indexId":"70185238","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detectability, philopatry, and the distribution of dispersal distances in vertebrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dispersal is of central importance to population biology, behavioral ecology and conservation. However, because field studies are based on finite study areas, nearly all dispersal distributions for vertebrates currently available are biased, often highly so. The inadequacy of dispersal data obtained directly by traditional methods using population studies of marked individuals is highlighted by comparing the resulting distributions with dispersal estimates obtained by radio-tracking and by using genetic estimates of gene flow.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-5347(96)20074-6","usgsCitation":"Koenig, W.D., Van Vuren, D., and Hooge, P.N., 1996, Detectability, philopatry, and the distribution of dispersal distances in vertebrates: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 12, p. 514-517, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(96)20074-6.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"517","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba437e4b0849ce97dc7d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koenig, Walter D.","contributorId":46255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koenig","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Vuren, Dirk H.","contributorId":89408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Vuren","given":"Dirk H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooge, Philip N.","contributorId":77587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185206,"text":"70185206 - 1996 - Serological evidence of morbillivirus infection in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) from Alaska and Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T11:23:45","indexId":"70185206","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3688,"text":"Veterinary Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serological evidence of morbillivirus infection in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) from Alaska and Russia","docAbstract":"<p><span>One-hundred-and-ninety-one samples of blood serum collected from 186 polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) between 1987 and 1992 were analysed for morbillivirus antibodies. The samples were collected in the Bering, Chukchi and East Siberian seas. Sixty-eight samples (35.6 per cent) had morbillivirus antibody titres &gt; 5; the percentage of positive samples ranged from 26.2 to 46.2 per cent from year to year. The proportions of adults, sub-adults and cubs which were seropositive were 43.9, 35.7 and 37.9 per cent respectively. Some seropositive dams had seronegative young and some that were seronegative had seropositive young. One litter of two cubs, in which the dam was seronegative, had one seropositive and one seronegative cub. Seropositive bears occurred in all the areas from which the samples were collected but there was a significantly greater incidence in the bears sampled in Russia. The high prevalence of seropositive bears over the period suggests that the bear morbillivirus is endemic in these regions of the Arctic, but its source is unknown.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BMJ Journals","doi":"10.1136/vr.138.25.615","usgsCitation":"Follmann, E.H., Garner, G., Evermann, J.F., and McKeirnan, 1996, Serological evidence of morbillivirus infection in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) from Alaska and Russia: Veterinary Record, v. 138, no. 25, p. 615-618, https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.138.25.615.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"618","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea","volume":"138","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba437e4b0849ce97dc7d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Follmann, Erich H.","contributorId":24828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Follmann","given":"Erich","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evermann, Jim F.","contributorId":87336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evermann","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKeirnan","contributorId":189402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKeirnan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182063,"text":"70182063 - 1996 - Variation in egg size of the northern pintail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T16:01:07","indexId":"70182063","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in egg size of the northern pintail","docAbstract":"<p>Egg size is an important determinant of reproductive investment by birds. For many species, total investment in a clutch is limited by the size of stored reserves (Ankney and MacInnes 1978, Esler and Grand 1994a). Egg size determines the unit by which these stored reserves are partitioned. Individual females in most species of waterfowl show a high repeatability for egg size, implying that individual either cannot, or do not, alter their egg size in response to varying environmental conditions (batt and Prince 1979, Duncan 1987, Laurila and Hario 1988, Lessells et al 1989, Flint and Sedinger 1992). Thus differences in egg size appear to represent different reproductive strategies among individuals.</p><p>Fitness can be measured by the number of offspring an individual contributes to a population. Egg size may be related to fitness in some species fo waterfowl as young from larger eggs are better able to survive extreme conditions (Ankney 1980, Thomas and Brown 1988). Birds laying larger clutches are almost always more fit as they fledge more young (Lessells 1986, Rockwell et al 1987, Flint 1993). These fitness patterns create the potential for a trade-off between clutch size and egg size where females laying large clutches of small eggs have the same fitness as females laying smaller clutches of large eggs. The fact that Northern Pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) utilize stored reserves (Mann and Sedinger 1993, esler and Grand 1994a) and have a high repeatability for egg size (i.e. egg size is fixed) (Duncan 1987), makes them candidates to engage in clutch size=egg size trade-offs (Rowher 1988, Rowher and Eisenhauer 1989). An inverse relationship between egg size and clutch size would be indicative of a phenotypic trade-off among these fitness components. Our goal in this study was to describe egg size variation in Northern Pintails (hereafter pintails) with regard to female age, body size, clutch size, year, initiation date, and nesting attempt. We compare our results to those from other populations of nesting pintails and discuss whether phenotypic clutch size-egg size tradeoffs exist for pintails.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369519","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Grand, J.B., 1996, Variation in egg size of the northern pintail: The Condor, v. 98, no. 1, p. 162-165, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369519.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369519","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kashunuk River drainage, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57707e4b057081a24ee8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187750,"text":"70187750 - 1996 - The Emperor Goose: An annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:58:06","indexId":"70187750","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The Emperor Goose: An annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"<p>This bibliography contains more than 500 published and unpublished references relevant to the emperor goose (<i>Chen canagica</i>). The referenced works date from the early exploration of Beringia and Alaska through the formal description of the species in 1802 to 1993.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska","issn":"0568-8604","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, R.F., Petersen, M.R., and Schmutz, J.A., 1996, The Emperor Goose: An annotated bibliography, v, 71 p.","productDescription":"v, 71 p.","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11122/1501"}],"publicComments":"This publication is Number 25 in the series \"Biological Papers of the University of Alaska\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcfe4b0a7fdb43ddf16","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695427,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Robert F.","contributorId":172752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6989,"text":"American Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186277,"text":"70186277 - 1996 - Sea otter predation on Dungeness crabs in Glacier Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:10:01","indexId":"70186277","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sea otter predation on Dungeness crabs in Glacier Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) populations are increasing and expanding into areas of Southeast Alaska where Dungeness crabs (<i>Cancer magister</i>) are commercially harvested. Although sea otters are known to feed on Dungeness crabs, their effects upon crab demography have not been quantified. We censused Dungeness crabs in adjacent areas within Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve with and without sea otters in April 1993, 1994, and 1995 to investigate the effects of sea otter predation. Two different crab survey techniques were used. Commercial crab pots with sealed escape rings and baited similarly were soaked for 24 hours to measure CPUE in 0-25 m depths. A minimum of 50 pots was used for each site; 25 additional pots were used in 1994 and 1995 to sample crabs to 95 m depths. Divers censused crabs along belt transects (2 m x 100 m) laid perpendicular to shore from 0 m depth to 18 m; 15 transects were surveyed at each site on each date. Sea otter numbers were estimated from aerial surveys and boat observers. Prey types and feeding rates of sea otters were made from telescopic observations. In Outer Dundas Bay, where 46, 39, and 40 sea otters were present in 1993,&nbsp;1994, and 1995 respectively, CPUE of Dungeness crabs in pots was 0.04, 0.04, and 0.2 crabs per day, respectively, at depths to 25 m, but was higher (4.0 crabs per day) at deeper depths (95 m). Only two Dungeness crabs were observed in 45 diver transects surveyed during three years in Outer Dundas Bay, however Dungeness crabs were a common prey item (15%) of sea otters. Approximately 16 km N in Inner Dundas Bay, where no sea otters were observed any year, CPUE of Dungeness in pots was 2.7, 1.8, and 2.5 crabs per day for 1993, 1994, and 1995, respectively. Adult crab density estimated from diver transects was 236, 78, and 50 crabs/ha in 1993, 1994, and 1995, respectively. Significantly lower crab densities and CPUE occurred in the site occupied by sea otters. Our data imply that sea otter predation decreases Dungeness crab abundance and may induce movement of crabs to greater depths. A depth refuge for crabs from sea otter predation may vary with local bathymetry.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the international symposium on biology, management, and economics of crabs from high latitude habitats: Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Biology, Management, and Economics of Crabs from High Latitude Habitats: Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 11-13, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","isbn":"1-56612-039-X","usgsCitation":"Shirley, T.C., Bishop, G.H., O’Clair, C.E., Taggart, S.J., and Bodkin, J.L., 1996, Sea otter predation on Dungeness crabs in Glacier Bay, Alaska, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the international symposium on biology, management, and economics of crabs from high latitude habitats: Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium, Anchorage, AK, October 11-13, 1995, p. 563-576.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"576","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://seagrant.uaf.edu/bookstore/pubs/AK-SG-96-02.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","publicComments":"Larger Work is Alaska Sea Grant College Program report no. 96-02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ce4b09da67997ecd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shirley, Thomas C.","contributorId":17409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bishop, Gretchen H.","contributorId":190304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185832,"text":"70185832 - 1996 - How many seabirds were killed by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:21:12","indexId":"70185832","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"How many seabirds were killed by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill?","docAbstract":"<p>After the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill of 24 March 1989, 36,115 dead seabirds were recovered from beaches and processed at morgues. Most or all of 1,888 live oiled seabirds brought to rehabilitation centers also died and about 3,260 oiled carcasses were never delivered to morgues. Of these 41,263 carcasses accounted for, we estimated conservatively that only 30,000 were killed by oil pollution. Carcass drift and recovery experiments conducted in the affected area during the spill and 1 year later, along with historical experiments conducted in other oceanographic regions, suggest that only a fraction (range = 4-30%) of birds killed were likely to have been recovered from beaches. Regression analysis of these drift-recovery data predicts a 15% recovery rate (r' = 0.38, P = 0.015). We recognize uncertainties in the assumptions and parameter values used to extrapolate total mortality from drift-recovery data, but we have confidence that mortality fell within the extreme range of estimates (100,000-690,000 birds killed) because these reflect a very wide range of observed and experimentally determined parameter values. Total mortality can also be estimated by comparing pre- and postspill colony population estimates. Uncertainties about these census data are greater than those associated with drift-recovery data, but nonetheless provide an independent mortality estimate of similar magnitude. Taken together, all evidence suggests that about 250,000 seabirds were killed by <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\"","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium","conferenceDate":"February 2-5, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Ford, R.G., 1996, How many seabirds were killed by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill?, <i>in</i> American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\", Anchorage, AK, February 2-5, 1993, p. 712-719.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54018xm/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc804e4b02ff32c6856e6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686850,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spies, R.B.","contributorId":16946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686851,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, D.A.","contributorId":113989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686852,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, B.A.","contributorId":33875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686853,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, R. Glenn","contributorId":75793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018128,"text":"70018128 - 1996 - Oxygen isotopic and geochemical evidence for a short-lived, high-temperature hydrothermal event in the Chegem caldera, Caucasus Mountains, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:26","indexId":"70018128","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotopic and geochemical evidence for a short-lived, high-temperature hydrothermal event in the Chegem caldera, Caucasus Mountains, Russia","docAbstract":"Within the 2.8 Ma Chegem ash-flow caldera (11 ?? 15 km), a single cooling unit of rhyolitic to dacitic welded tuff more than 2 km thick is exposed in deep valleys incised during recent rapid uplift of the Caucasus Mountains. The intracaldera tuff is mineralogically fresh and unaltered, and is overlain by andesite lavas and cut by a resurgent granodiorite intrusion. Major- and trace-element compositions for a 1405-m stratigraphic section of intracaldera tuff display trends of upwardly increasing Na2O, CaO, Al2O3, total Fe, MgO, TiO2, Sr and Zr and decreasing SiO2, K2O and Rb. This mafic-upward zoning (from 76.1 to 69.9% SiO2) reflects an inverted view of the upper part of the source magma chamber. Oxygen isotope studies of 35 samples from this 1405-m section define a striking profile with \"normal\" igneous ??18O values (+7.0 to +8.5) in the lower 600 m of tuff, much lower ??18O values (-4.0 to +4.3) in a 700-m zone above that and a shift to high ??18O values (+4.4 to -10.9) in the upper 100 m of caldera-fill exposure. Data from two other partial stratigraphic sections indicate that these oxygen isotope systematics are probably a caldera-wide phenomenon. Quartz and feldspar phenocrysts everywhere have \"normal\" igneous ??18O values of about +8.5 and +7.5, respectively, whereas groundmass and glass ??18O values range from -7.7 to +12.3. Consequently, the ??18O values of coexisting feldspar, groundmass and glass form a steep array in a plot of ??feldspar vs. ??groundmass/glass. Such pronounced disequilibrium between coexisting feldspar and groundmass or glass has never before been observed on this scale. It requires a hydrothermal event involving large amounts of low-18O H2O at sufficiently high temperatures and short enough time (tens of years or less) that glass exchanges thoroughly but feldspar does not. The most likely process responsible for the O depletions at Chegem is a very high temperature (500-600??C), short-lived, vigorous meteoric-hydrothermal event that was focused within the upper 750 m of intracaldera tuff. Mass balance calculations indicate fluid fluxes of = 6 ?? 10-6 mol cm-2 s-1. We believe that the closest historical analogue to this Chegem hydrothermal event is the situation observed in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (Alaska, USA), where hundreds of steam fumaroles with measured temperatures as high as 645??C persisted for 10 to 15 years in the much smaller welded ash-flow tuff sheet (??? 200 m thick) produced by the 1912 Katmai eruption.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gazis, C., Taylor, H., Hon, K., and Tsvetkov, A., 1996, Oxygen isotopic and geochemical evidence for a short-lived, high-temperature hydrothermal event in the Chegem caldera, Caucasus Mountains, Russia: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 73, no. 3-4, p. 213-244.","startPage":"213","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72b6e4b0c8380cd76c62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gazis, C.","contributorId":75696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazis","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, H.P. Jr.","contributorId":78479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"H.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hon, K.","contributorId":20471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hon","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tsvetkov, A.","contributorId":65620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsvetkov","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018191,"text":"70018191 - 1996 - Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018191","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1596,"text":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska","docAbstract":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of Westdahl, Veniaminof, and Novarupta volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc of Alaska were analyzed to investigate recent surface volcanic processes. These studies support ongoing monitoring and research by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) in the North Pacific Ocean Region. Landforms and possible crustal deformation before, during, or after eruptions were detected and analyzed using data from the European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS), Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS) and the U. S. Seasat platforms. Field observations collected by scientists from the AVO were used to verify the results from the analysis of SAR data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03796566","usgsCitation":"Dean, K., Engle, K., Lu, Z., Eichelberger, J., Neal, T., and Doukas, M., 1996, Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska: European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, no. 391, p. 153-154.","startPage":"153","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"391","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe87e4b08c986b329631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, K.G.","contributorId":64402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, K.","contributorId":10176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eichelberger, J.","contributorId":107442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichelberger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neal, T.","contributorId":24112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doukas, M.","contributorId":68900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70018406,"text":"70018406 - 1996 - The Border Ranges fault system in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: Evidence for major early Cenozoic dextral strike-slip motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:11:51.950352","indexId":"70018406","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Border Ranges fault system in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: Evidence for major early Cenozoic dextral strike-slip motion","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Border Ranges fault system of southern Alaska, the fundamental break between the arc basement and the forearc accretionary complex, is the boundary between the Peninsular–Alexander–Wrangellia terrane and the Chugach terrane. The fault system separates crystalline rocks of the Alexander terrane from metamorphic rocks of the Chugach terrane in Glacier Bay National Park. Mylonitic rocks in the zone record abundant evidence for dextral strike-slip motion along north-northwest-striking subvertical surfaces. Geochronologic data together with regional correlations of Chugach terrane rocks involved in the deformation constrain this movement between latest Cretaceous and Early Eocene (~50 Ma). These findings are in agreement with studies to the northwest and southeast along the Border Ranges fault system which show dextral strike-slip motion occurring between 58 and 50 Ma. Correlations between Glacier Bay plutons and rocks of similar ages elsewhere along the Border Ranges fault system suggest that as much as 700 km of dextral motion may have been accommodated by this structure. These observations are consistent with oblique convergence of the Kula plate during early Cenozoic and forearc slivering above an ancient subduction zone following late Mesozoic accretion of the Peninsular–Alexander–Wrangellia terrane to North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e96-096","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Smart, K., Pavlis, T., Sisson, V., Roeske, S.M., and Snee, L., 1996, The Border Ranges fault system in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: Evidence for major early Cenozoic dextral strike-slip motion: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 33, no. 9, p. 1268-1282, https://doi.org/10.1139/e96-096.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1268","endPage":"1282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227644,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -137.11638510129728,\n              58.862706667256305\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.72570704961922,\n              58.862706667256305\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.72570704961922,\n              58.99688217663305\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.11638510129728,\n              58.99688217663305\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.11638510129728,\n              58.862706667256305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6a8e4b08c986b321226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smart, K.J.","contributorId":43627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlis, T.L.","contributorId":94473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlis","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sisson, V.B.","contributorId":101104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sisson","given":"V.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roeske, S. M.","contributorId":96865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roeske","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018507,"text":"70018507 - 1996 - A catastrophic flood caused by drainage of a caldera lake at Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska, and implications for volcanic hazards assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T07:53:30","indexId":"70018507","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A catastrophic flood caused by drainage of a caldera lake at Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska, and implications for volcanic hazards assessment","docAbstract":"<p>Aniakchak caldera, located on the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska, formerly contained a large lake (estimated volume 3.7 × 10<sup>9</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup>) that rapidly drained as a result of failure of the caldera rim sometime after ca. 3400 yr B.P. The peak discharge of the resulting flood was estimated using three methods: (1) flow-competence equations, (2) step-backwater modeling, and (3) a dam-break model. The results of the dam-break model indicate that the peak discharge at the breach in the caldera rim was at least 7.7 × 10<sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>, and the maximum possible discharge was ≈1.1 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>. Flow-competence estimates of discharge, based on the largest boulders transported by the flood, indicate that the peak discharge values, which were a few kilometers downstream of the breach, ranged from 6.4 × 10<sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 4.8 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>. Similar but less variable results were obtained by step-backwater modeling. Finally, discharge estimates based on regression equations relating peak discharge to the volume and depth of the impounded water, although limited by constraining assumptions, provide results within the range of values determined by the other methods. The discovery and documentation of a flood, caused by the failure of the caldera rim at Aniakchak caldera, underscore the significance and associated hydrologic hazards of potential large floods at other lake-filled calderas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0861:ACFCBD>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Walder, J.S., McGimsey, R.G., and Neal, C., 1996, A catastrophic flood caused by drainage of a caldera lake at Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska, and implications for volcanic hazards assessment: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, no. 7, p. 861-871, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0861:ACFCBD>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"861","endPage":"871","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e33be4b0c8380cd45ec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neal, C.A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":91122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018643,"text":"70018643 - 1996 - Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:25","indexId":"70018643","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1423,"text":"Earth Observation Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska","docAbstract":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of the Westdahl, Veniaminof, and Novarupta volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc of Alaska were analysed to investigate recent surface volcanic processes. These studies support ongoing monitoring and research by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) in the North Pacific Ocean Region. Landforms and possible crustal deformation before, during, or after eruptions were detected and analysed using data from the European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS), the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS) and the US Seasat platforms. Field observations collected by scientists from the AVO were used to verify the results from the analysis of SAR data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Observation Quarterly","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0256596X","usgsCitation":"Dean, K., Engle, K., Lu, Z., Eichelberger, J., Near, T., and Doukas, M., 1996, Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska: Earth Observation Quarterly, no. 53, p. 21-23.","startPage":"21","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe88e4b08c986b329637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, K.G.","contributorId":64402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, K.","contributorId":10176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eichelberger, J.","contributorId":107442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichelberger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Near, T.","contributorId":55162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Near","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doukas, M.","contributorId":68900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70018645,"text":"70018645 - 1996 - Quiescent-phase evolution of a surge-type glacier: Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-06T23:57:44.350666","indexId":"70018645","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quiescent-phase evolution of a surge-type glacier: Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Black Rapids Glacier, a surge-type glacier in the Alaska Range, most recently surged in 1936–37 and is currently in its quiescent phase. Mass balance, ice velocity and thickness change have been measured at three to ten sites from 1972 to 1994. The annual speed has undergone cyclical fluctuations of as much as 45% about the mean speed. Ice thickness and surface slope did not change enough to cause the speed fluctuations through changes in ice deformation, which indicates that they are being drinven by changes in basal motion. The behavior of Black Rapids Glacier during this quiescent phase is significantly different from that of Variegated Glacier, another well-studied surge-type glacier in Alaska. The present medial-moraine configuration of Black Rapids Glacier indicates that a surge could occur at any time. However, ice velocity data indicate that the next surge may not be imminent. We belive that there is little chance that the next surge will cross and dam the Delta River.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S0022143000030574","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Heinrichs, T., Mayo, L., Echelmeyer, K., and Harrison, W., 1996, Quiescent-phase evolution of a surge-type glacier: Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.: Journal of Glaciology, v. 42, no. 140, p. 110-122, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000030574.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479111,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000030574","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"140","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9319e4b0c8380cd80bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinrichs, T.A.","contributorId":88100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrichs","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayo, L.R.","contributorId":21541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echelmeyer, K.A.","contributorId":11781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echelmeyer","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrison, W.D.","contributorId":54749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018649,"text":"70018649 - 1996 - Observations and analysis of self-similar branching topology in glacier networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T17:27:43.2115","indexId":"70018649","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations and analysis of self-similar branching topology in glacier networks","docAbstract":"<p><span>Glaciers, like rivers, have a branching structure which can be characterized by topological trees or networks. Probability distributions of various topological quantities in the networks are shown to satisfy the criterion for self-similarity, a symmetry structure which might be used to simplify future models of glacier dynamics. Two analytical methods of describing river networks, Shreve's random topology model and deterministic self-similar trees, are applied to the six glaciers of south central Alaska studied in this analysis. Self-similar trees capture the topological behavior observed for all of the glaciers, and most of the networks are also reasonably approximated by Shreve's theory.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB02536","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bahr, D., and Peckham, S., 1996, Observations and analysis of self-similar branching topology in glacier networks: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. B11, p. 25511-25521, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02536.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25511","endPage":"25521","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a69e4b0c8380cd74169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bahr, D.B.","contributorId":16173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahr","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peckham, S.D.","contributorId":87704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckham","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018976,"text":"70018976 - 1996 - Aeromagnetic survey over U.S. to advance geomagnetic research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T13:36:42","indexId":"70018976","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeromagnetic survey over U.S. to advance geomagnetic research","docAbstract":"<p><span>A proposed high‐altitude survey of the United States offers an exciting and cost effective opportunity to collect magnetic‐anomaly data. Lockheed Martin Missile and Space Company is considering funding a reimbursable ER‐2 aircraft (Figure 1) mission to collect synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery at an altitude of about 21 km over the conterminous United States and Alaska. The collection of total and vector magnetic field data would be a secondary objective of the flight. Through this “piggyback approach,” the geomagnetic community would inherit invaluable magnetic data at a nominal cost. These data would provide insight on fundamental tectonic and thermal processes and give a new view of the structural and lithologic framework of the crust and upper mantle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/96EO00187","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Blakely, R., Hinze, W.J., Keller, G.R., Langel, R., Nabighian, M., and Roest, W., 1996, Aeromagnetic survey over U.S. to advance geomagnetic research: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 77, no. 28, p. 265-268, https://doi.org/10.1029/96EO00187.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8b7e4b0c8380cd47e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinze, W. J.","contributorId":52607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinze","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langel, R.A.","contributorId":20918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nabighian, M.","contributorId":83286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roest, W.","contributorId":17382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roest","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019007,"text":"70019007 - 1996 - The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y2(SiO4)(CO3)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019007","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y2(SiO4)(CO3)","docAbstract":"Iimoriite-(Y) from Bokan Mountain, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska has been studied using single-crystal X-ray-diffraction techniques. The mineral, ideally Y2(SiO4)(CO3), crystallizes in space group P1, with a 6.5495(13), b 6.6291(14), c 6.4395(11)A??, ?? 116.364(15), ?? 92.556(15) and ?? 95.506(17)??. The atomic arrangement has been solved and refined to an R value of 0.019. The arrangement of atoms consists of alternating (011) slabs of orthosilicate groups and carbonate groups, with no sharing of oxygen atoms between anionic complexes in adjacent slabs. Y1 atoms separate adjacent tetrahedra along [100] within the orthosilicate slab, and Y2 atoms separate adjacent carbonate groups along [100] within the carbonate slab. Adjacent orthosilicate and carbonate slabs are linked in (100) by bonding Y atoms from each slab to oxygen atoms of adjacent slabs, in the form of YO8 polyhedra. The Y1 atoms exist in Y12O14 dimers in the orthosilicate slab, and the Y2 atoms exist in continuous [011] ribbons of edge-sharing Y2O8 polyhedra in the carbonate slab.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J., Foord, E., Jai-Nhuknan, J., and Bell, J., 1996, The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y2(SiO4)(CO3): Canadian Mineralogist, v. 34, no. 4, p. 817-820.","startPage":"817","endPage":"820","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9dbe4b08c986b322567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, J.M.","contributorId":18911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jai-Nhuknan, J.","contributorId":90049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jai-Nhuknan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, J.M.","contributorId":58032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70181182,"text":"70181182 - 1996 - Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite loci: Cross-species amplification and population genetic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T11:28:48","indexId":"70181182","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite loci: Cross-species amplification and population genetic applications","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f95-254","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., Gust, J.R., and Fields, R.L., 1996, Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite loci: Cross-species amplification and population genetic applications: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 53, no. 4, p. 833-841, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-254.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"833","endPage":"841","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a18226e4b0c825128564b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":664413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gust, Judy R.","contributorId":62458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gust","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":664414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fields, Raymond L.","contributorId":182354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":664415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1016342,"text":"1016342 - 1996 - Effects of silvicultultural modifications of temperate rainforest on breeding and wintering bird communities, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-26T15:18:49.733645","indexId":"1016342","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of silvicultultural modifications of temperate rainforest on breeding and wintering bird communities, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"We inventoried breeding and wintering bird communities in four treatments\r\nof temperate rainforest on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska during 1991-1992 and\r\n1992-1993. The four forest treatments sampled included: (1) young growth (20 years) originating\r\nfrom clearcut logging with no silvicultural modification (non-modified), (2) young\r\ngrowth (20 years) precommercially thinned along uniformly-spaced thinning grids (thinned),\r\n(3) young growth (20 years) with gaps in the overstory canopy created by felling trees in\r\n0.05-ha openings (gapped), and (4) virgin old growth (2 150 years). Of 16 common breeding\r\nbird species observed, six showed significant responses to young-growth modifications. One\r\nspecies was more abundant and two species were less abundant in thinned sites, while one\r\nspecies was more abundant and two species were less abundant in gapped sites than at least\r\none of the other treatments. None of the three common wintering species of birds observed\r\nwas influenced by young-growth modification. Breeding bird communities, in general, were\r\nless similar between young- and old-growth treatments than among young-growth treatments.\r\nThree of the 16 common breeding bird species were more abundant in old growth\r\nthan each of the young-growth treatments and one uncommon species was detected almost\r\nexclusivelyi n old growth duringb oth the breedinga nd wintering seasonsF. our other breeding\r\nbird species were more abundant in young-growth treatments than in old growth. Higher\r\nuse of old growth by wintering birds was related to winter severity. To enhance habitat for\r\nwintering and breeding birds we recommend: (1) thinning young growth along variablespaced\r\ngrids to create additional canopy layers and improve snow-intercept properties of\r\nyoung growth for canopy-foraging birds, (2) retention of old-growth clumps in clearcuts for\r\nbird species associated with old-growth structure, and (3) long-term conservation of oldgrowth\r\ntemperate rainforest for breeding and wintering birds positively associated with old\r\ngrowth.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369853","usgsCitation":"Dellasala, D.A., Hagar, J.C., Engel, K.A., McComb, W., Fairbanks, R.L., and Campbell, E.G., 1996, Effects of silvicultultural modifications of temperate rainforest on breeding and wintering bird communities, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska: The Condor, v. 98, no. 4, p. 706-721, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369853.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"721","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480164,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369853","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134184,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610ea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dellasala, Dominick A.","contributorId":56190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dellasala","given":"Dominick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagar, Joan C. 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":57034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engel, Kathleen A.","contributorId":55792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McComb, W.C.","contributorId":78699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McComb","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fairbanks, Randal L.","contributorId":19129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairbanks","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell, Ellen G.","contributorId":66221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70182066,"text":"70182066 - 1996 - Nesting success of Northern Pintails on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T16:13:45","indexId":"70182066","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting success of Northern Pintails on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied nesting chronology and success of Northern Pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska during the summers of 1991-1993. We found a total of 795 nests during three annual searches of a 27.4 km<sup>2</sup> area. Minimum nest density averaged 9.67 nests per km<sup>2</sup>. Nesting success varied among years and ranged from 43.12% in 1991 to 10.74% in 1993 (average 23.95%). Most nest loss was the result of predation and tidal flooding. Daily nest survival probability declined with nest initiation date in all three years and also varied with nest age in 1992. Clutch size averaged 7.63 ± 0.067 (SE) eggs per nest and was larger than reported for other populations of Northern Pintails. Clutch size declined during the 44-47 day nesting interval at a greater rate than reported for other populations of Northern Pintails. We conclude that sub-arctic and prairie nesting Northern Pintails have similar reproductive potentials.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369508","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Grand, J.B., 1996, Nesting success of Northern Pintails on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: The Condor, v. 98, no. 1, p. 54-60, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369508.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369508","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57706e4b057081a24ee82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182067,"text":"70182067 - 1996 - Evidence from cytochrome b sequences and allozymes for a new species of alcid: The long-billed murrelet (<i>Brachyramphus perdix</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T16:19:06","indexId":"70182067","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence from cytochrome b sequences and allozymes for a new species of alcid: The long-billed murrelet (<i>Brachyramphus perdix</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Marbled Murrelets (<i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i>) are coastal seabirds that breed predominantly in old-growth forest throughout the North Pacific. Presently they are classified into two phenotypically distinct subspecies: one in North America (<i>B. m. marmoratus</i>) and one in Asia (<i>B. m. perdix</i>). The Asian form was classified as a separate species in 1811, but was lumped with <i>B. marmoratus</i> during the 20th century. Populations of both types are considered threatened or endangered and information about the extent of genetic differentiation among birds from different sites is required for their conservation. We compared variation in 1,045 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and 39 allozyme loci among Marbled Murrelets and the closely related Kittlitz's Murrelets (<i>B.</i> <i>brevirostris</i>) from throughout the North Pacific. All analyses indicted that North American and Asian Marbled Murrelets are genetically distinct: cytochrome b sequences were highly divergent, fixed allele differences occurred at two allozyme loci, and estimated gene flow was essentially zero. Phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome b sequences and allozymes both provided strong support for a monophyletic relationship among North American Marbled Murrelets and Kittlitz's Murrelets, with Long-billed Murrelets forming the basal lineage. Long-billed and North American Marbled Murrelets clearly represent distinct species by any definition, and must be managed independently. Significant genetic differentiation also was found among both Marbled and Kittlitz's Murrelets from different sites within North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369851","usgsCitation":"Friesen, V.L., Piatt, J.F., and Baker, A.J., 1996, Evidence from cytochrome b sequences and allozymes for a new species of alcid: The long-billed murrelet (<i>Brachyramphus perdix</i>): The Condor, v. 98, no. 4, p. 681-690, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369851.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"690","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369851","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57706e4b057081a24ee80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friesen, Vicki L.","contributorId":59407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friesen","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Allan J.","contributorId":36383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182471,"text":"70182471 - 1996 - Sea birds as proxies of marine habitats and food webs in the western Aleutian Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:23:35","indexId":"70182471","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1660,"text":"Fisheries Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea birds as proxies of marine habitats and food webs in the western Aleutian Arc","docAbstract":"<p><span>We propose that ocean conditions of the Near Islands in the western Aleutian Arc mimic those of the shallow continental shelf of the eastern Bering Sea to the extent that the marine community, including assemblages of forage fishes and their avian predators, has distinctly coastal characteristics. In contrast, marine avifauna and their prey at neighbouring Buldir Island are distinctly oceanic. For example, at the Near Islands, the ratio of thick-billed to common murres, </span><i>Vria lomvia</i><span> and </span><i>U. aalge</i><span>, is low and black-legged kittiwakes, </span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i><span>, but not red-legged kittiwakes, </span><i>R. brevirostris</i><span>, nest there. Diets of murres and kittiwakes are dominated by sand lance, </span><i>Ammodytes hexapterus</i><span>, an abundant coastal species. At Buldir Island, thick-billed murres greatly outnumber common murres, red-legged kittiwakes and black-legged kittiwakes are both abundant, and diets of the birds consist primarily of oceanic squid and lantern-fish (Myctophidae). This mesoscale difference in food webs is apparently a consequence of the local physiography. A broad escarpment on the Near physiographic block creates a comparatively expansive, shallow, shelflike habitat around the Near Islands, where a pelagic community typical of coastal regions flourishes. Buldir Island is the only emergent feature of the Buldir physiographic block, with little shallow water surrounding it and, apparently, little opportunity for other than oceanic species to exist. Patterns in the distribution of fishes, and thus of sea birds, throughout the Aleutian Islands might be largely explained by the presence or absence of shelf-like habitat and the relationship between physical environments and food webs. In the larger context of fisheries oceanography, this model for the Aleutian Islands improves our ability to interpret physical and biological heterogeneity in the ocean and its relationship to regional community dynamics and trends in the abundance and productivity of individual species at higher trophic levels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2419.1996.tb00016.x","usgsCitation":"Springer, A.M., Piatt, J.F., and Van Vliet, G.B., 1996, Sea birds as proxies of marine habitats and food webs in the western Aleutian Arc: Fisheries Oceanography, v. 5, no. 1, p. 45-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.1996.tb00016.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Arc, Near Islands","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002d9e4b01ccd54fb27fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Springer, Alan M. ams@ims.uaf.edu","contributorId":172461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"Alan","email":"ams@ims.uaf.edu","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Vliet, Gus B.","contributorId":35086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Vliet","given":"Gus","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}