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Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Nevada consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 120 gaging stations; stage and contents for 20 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality data for continuing-record stations at 27 stream sites and for partial-record stations at 8 stream sites, 2 lake sites, and 15 wells; and water levels for 165 observation wells. Also included are 106 crest-stage partial-record stations and 13 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Nevada.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNV771","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Nevada and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data, Nevada, water years 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NV-77-1, xi, 334 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNV771.","productDescription":"xi, 334 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/nv-77-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/nv-77-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38702,"text":"pp813Q - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T21:56:38.395429","indexId":"pp813Q","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"Q","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region","docAbstract":"

The Missouri Basin Region lies in the north-central part of the United States and southern Canada. It includes parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada; parts of Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Colorado, Kansas, and Missouri, and all of Nebraska in the United States. The region includes about one-sixth of the contiguous United States and requires large water supplies for irrigation, industrial, public, and rural uses. Climate ranges from semiarid to subhumid. Normal annual precipitation increases generally eastward in the downstream direction, but precipitation is not a dependable source of supply. The Missouri River and its tributaries furnish water to many users, but surface water is often inadequate to meet large demands. Numerous surface reservoirs help to regulate streamflow and provide storage, but they also allow an increase in evapotranspiration, which in some areas exceeds normal precipitation. Ground water occurs in aquifers classified as alluvial deposits of sand and gravel, glacial deposits, dune-sand deposits, basin-fill deposits of sand and gravel, sandstone, siltstone, fractured sandy clay, limestone, and dolomite. Ground water can be developed and managed in an orderly manner provided adequate geologic and hydrologic data are available to determine aquifer characteristics and response to pumping and other hydraulic stresses. These data and determinations are essential to design, testing, and implementation of water management plans.

\n

Unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers include valley-fill alluvium, areally extensive alluvium, glacial deposits, and basin-fill deposits. The aquifers normally consist of alluvial sand and gravel that contain unconfined ground water that lies near the land surface. Many wells completed in the alluvial aquifers have high yields of good-quality water because most alluvial aquifers are highly transmissive and hydraulically connected to streams. Aquifers in glacial deposits may be difficult to locate and in some areas contain saline water; nevertheless, these aquifers are sources of water supply for many users. Basin-fill aquifers are as much as several thousand feet thick, and many contain large ground-water supplies. Ground-water mining has occurred in semiconsolidated aquifers because of withdrawals from wells. Unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers have potential for conjunctive use with surface water, recycling to reuse available supplies, artificial recharge, and salvage of evapotranspired water.

\n

Sandstone aquifers lie near the land surface and in structural basins. Interbasin movement of ground water occurs in the Virgelle (Milk River aquifer), Fox Hills-basal Hell Creek, and Dakota aquifers. Sandstone aquifers are less transmissive than unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers in general. Confined sandstone aquifers are common, and flowing wells are obtained in many areas. However, flowing wells may cause large declines in water levels if uncontrolled. Water quality is variable in sandstone aquifers but is adequate for most needs. Sandstone aquifers have potential for artificial recharge, induced interaquifer leakage, conjunctive use with surface water, and mining of ground water.

\n

Limestone and dolomite aquifers are extensive in the region, but in some areas they lie deep below the land surface. The occurrence of ground water in small pores, fractures, or large caverns causes yields from wells to range widely. Large flows through cavern systems in the aquifers are indicated by large springs in some areas. Water quality is extremely variable and must be considered in any water-development plan. Limestone and dolomite aquifers have potential for development of large water supplies in some areas. The development may be aided by induced recharge and interaquifer leakage.

\n

Saline ground water occurs throughout the Missouri Basin Region. Dissolved-solids concentration as much as 30,000 milligrams per liter has been measured in aquifers in glacial deposits in Montana. Saline water is common in sandstone aquifers in Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota; maximum reported concentration is 280,000 milligrams per liter in water from the Tensleep Sandstone in Wyoming. Limestone contains saline water in many areas; maximum dissolved-solids concentration is about 350,000 milligrams per liter for the Madison Group in the Williston Basin in North Dakota.

\n

Comprehensive water-management planning in the Missouri Basin Region will require periodic or continuing inventory of precipitation, streamflow, surface-water storage, and ground water. Water demands for irrigation, industrial, public supply, and rural use are increasing rapidly. Reliance on ground-water supplies is increasing even though in many areas the ground water is still mostly undeveloped. Optimal use of water supplies will require the establishment of realistic goals and carefully conceived water-management plans, each of which will necessarily be based on an adequate baseline of hydrologic data and knowledge of the highly variable hydrologic systems in the region.

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Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Kansas consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report contains discharge records for 149 gaging stations; stage and contents for 20 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 77 gaging stations and 2 lakes; and water levels for 463 observation wells and water quality for 269 wells. Also included are data for 132 crest-stage partial-record stations and 23 low-flow partial-record stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Kansas.

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New Mexico consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 212 gaging stations; stage and contents for 24 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 69 gaging stations, 15 partial-record stations, 1 reservoir, 3 springs and 161 wells; and water levels for 98 observation wells. Also included are 149 crest-stage partial-record stations and 3 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System\noperated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New' Mexico.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNM771","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Mexico and With Otner agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NM-77-1, 640 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNM771.","productDescription":"640 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270288,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/nm-77-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0502,31.3322 ], [ -109.0502,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,31.3322 ], [ -109.0502,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57576,"text":"wdrCO773 - 1978 - Water resources data for Colorado, water year 1977: Volume 3. Dolores River basin, Green River basin, San Juan River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-22T23:26:23.801765","indexId":"wdrCO773","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-77-3","title":"Water resources data for Colorado, water year 1977: Volume 3. Dolores River basin, Green River basin, San Juan River basin","docAbstract":"

Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1977 water year consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of wells and springs. This report (Volumes 1, 2, and 3) contains discharge records for 424 gaging stations, stage and contents of 25 lakes and reservoirs, 5 partial-record flow stations, 79 crest-stage partial-record stations, and 193 miscellaneous sites; water quality for 134 gaging stations and 60 miscellaneous sites; and water levels for 55 observation wells. A few pertinent stations in bordering States are also included in this report. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of J. F. Blakey, district chief. These data represent. that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Colorado.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO773","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Colorado and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data for Colorado, water year 1977: Volume 3. Dolores River basin, Green River basin, San Juan River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-77-3, x, 412 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO773.","productDescription":"x, 412 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":88280,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/co-77-3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/co-77-3/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Dolores River basin, Green River basin, San Juan River 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Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-04T14:34:49.583024","indexId":"wdrHI771","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-77-1","title":"Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1977: Volume 1. Hawaii","docAbstract":"

Volume 1 of water resources data for the 1977 water year for Hawaii and other Pacific Areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 114 gaging stations; water quality for 10 gaging stations, 102 partial-record flow stations and 155 wells; and water levels for 25 observation wells. Also included are 108 crest-stage partial-record stations and 20 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Federal, and other agencies in Hawaii.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f71e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30417,"text":"wri7846 - 1978 - Digital model of ground-water flow in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri7846","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-46","title":"Digital model of ground-water flow in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The digital model used to simulate ground-water flow in the aquifer system in the basin drained by Piceance and Yellow Creeks in northwestern Colorado is described in detail. The model is quasi three-dimensional in that it simulates ground-water flow in a multiaquifer system by assuming horizontal flow in the aquifers and vertical flow through the confining layers separating the aquifers. The model uses the iterative alternating-direction implicit procedure to solve the finite-difference flow equations. The digital model is documented by a program listing and flow charts. Data used in the model and sample output are presented to document the simulation of steady-state flow in the aquifer system. The variables used in the computer program and program options are discussed in detail. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7846","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., 1978, Digital model of ground-water flow in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-46, iv, 108 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7846.","productDescription":"iv, 108 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65aa47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9021,"text":"ofr78610 - 1978 - Flood investigations in Nevada through 1977 water year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T14:17:23","indexId":"ofr78610","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-610","title":"Flood investigations in Nevada through 1977 water year","docAbstract":"

Maximum annual discharges, gage heights, and probable flood dates for 127 sites are compiled for Nevada streams. Data have been collected in cooperation with the Nevada Department of Highways at most of the sites (108).

Also included in the report are the peak discharges, gage heights, and flood dates for the period of record at continuous recording gaging stations and a compilation of peak-flow measurements made at miscellaneous streamsites.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef198","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moosburner, Otto","contributorId":41822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moosburner","given":"Otto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10508,"text":"ofr78947 - 1978 - Sediment transport by irrigation return flows on the Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington 1975 and 1976 irrigation seasons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T12:31:16","indexId":"ofr78947","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-947","title":"Sediment transport by irrigation return flows on the Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington 1975 and 1976 irrigation seasons","docAbstract":"

As determined from data collected at 10 sites on the Yakima Indian Reservation during the 1975 and 1976 irrigation seasons (April-September), seasonal sediment discharges in irrigation return flows ranged from 11,000 tons from Marion Drain and Satus Drain 302, to 400 tons from Coulee Drain. There was little variation between the sediment discharges of the 1975 and 1976 irrigation seasons except those from Satus Drain 302. Due to the lack of natural runoff during those seasons, no distinction could be made between sediment discharges from irrigated and nonirrigated areas. No significant or usable relationships were found between suspended-sediment concentration and concurrent water turbidity or discharge.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78947","usgsCitation":"Nelson, L.M., 1978, Sediment transport by irrigation return flows on the Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington 1975 and 1976 irrigation seasons: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-947, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78947.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359568,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0947/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0947/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.36346435546874,\n 46.175075887712296\n ],\n [\n -119.87869262695312,\n 46.175075887712296\n ],\n [\n -119.87869262695312,\n 46.43407119942979\n ],\n [\n -120.36346435546874,\n 46.43407119942979\n ],\n [\n -120.36346435546874,\n 46.175075887712296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Leonard M.","contributorId":96695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2536,"text":"wsp2049 - 1978 - Ponding-test procedure for assessing the infiltration capacity of storm-water basins, Nassau County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp2049","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2049","title":"Ponding-test procedure for assessing the infiltration capacity of storm-water basins, Nassau County, New York","docAbstract":"A procedure to obtain field data for assessing performance of storm-water basins having high infiltration rates is described. The basin selected is divided into test plots, and treated municipal water from a fire hydrant is ponded to the desired depth so that infiltration rates and flow patterns in the unsaturated zone can be determined by standard methods. The study was made at a storm-water basin excavated in glacial outwash deposits in Nassau County, Long Island, N.Y. in 1971-72. The types of interpretations and evaluations that can be made from test data are described, and applications of the procedure as well as guidelines for developing a similar testing program are given. Observations of special significance were: (1) Infiltration rate of the basin at low water stage is about 1.5 feet per hour but increases with increased water level; (2) flow through the unsaturated zone is essentially vertical; (3) infiltration rate is controlled by a surface stratum --in this case a gravelly, sandy loam; and (4) the position of the water table has little effect on infiltration rate provided it is below the lower boundary of the controlling zone. These observations can be used in evaluating a storm-water basin's suitability for supplemental recharge with treated wastewater, in comparing procedures for increasing a basin's infiltration capacity, or in the design of new storm-water basin systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2049","usgsCitation":"Prill, R.C., and Aronson, D.A., 1978, Ponding-test procedure for assessing the infiltration capacity of storm-water basins, Nassau County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2049, v, 29 p. :ill., map ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2049.","productDescription":"v, 29 p. :ill., map ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28777,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68468d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prill, Robert C.","contributorId":86317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aronson, David A.","contributorId":89112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26398,"text":"wri783 - 1978 - Quality and movement of ground water in Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T21:03:04.34674","indexId":"wri783","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-3","title":"Quality and movement of ground water in Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York","docAbstract":"A steady increase in the chloride and nitrate content of water in a sand and gravel aquifer of glacial origin in the Cortland, N.Y., area prompted a study to obtain data on the extent and source of these constituents. Chloride concentration in the upper part of the aquifer increased generally from 2 mg/liter in 1930 to 20 mg/liter in 1976, and nitrate concentration (as nitrogen) in the upper part of the aquifer increased from 1 mg/liter in 1930 to an average of 4 mg/liter in 1976. Although the ground water is normally very hard, its quality generally meets State standards for source waters used for drinking. Road salting and farming seem to be the primary cause of chloride increases, although septic systems may be a major source locally. Farm-animal waste, sewage systems, and fertilizers are the major contributors of nitrate to ground water. Flow in the aquifer system in the Otter Creek-Dry Creek basin was simulated with a digital-computer model. The model was calibrated by comparing measured water levels in the aquifer with those determined by the model. The major sources of recharge are from precipitation and seepage from losing reaches of the streams. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri783","usgsCitation":"Buller, W., Nichols, W.J., and Harsh, J.F., 1978, Quality and movement of ground water in Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin, Cortland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-3, ix, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri783.","productDescription":"ix, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392694,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35242.htm"},{"id":55190,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cortland County","otherGeospatial":"Otter Creek - Dry Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.542\n ],\n [\n -76.162,\n 42.542\n ],\n [\n -76.162,\n 42.625\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.625\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 42.542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643c55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buller, William","contributorId":16449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buller","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, Wallace J.","contributorId":81106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harsh, J. F.","contributorId":77535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4699,"text":"twri07C2 - 1978 - Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri07C2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"07-C2","title":"Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water","docAbstract":"This report presents a model that simulates solute transport in flowing ground water. The model is both general and flexible in that it can be applied to a wide range of problem types. It is applicable to one- or two-dimensional problems involving steady-state or transient flow. The model computes changes in concentration over time caused by the processes of convective transport, hydrodynamic dispersion, and mixing (or dilution) from fluid sources. The model assumes that the solute is non-reactive and that gradients of fluid density, viscosity, and temperature do not affect the velocity distribution. However, the aquifer may be heterogeneous and (or) anisotropic.\r\nThe model couples the ground-water flow equation with the solute-transport equation. The digital computer program uses an alternating-direction implicit procedure to solve a finite-difference approximation to the ground-water flow equation, and it uses the method of characteristics to solve the solute-transport equation. The latter uses a particle- tracking procedure to represent convective transport and a two-step explicit procedure to solve a finite-difference equation that describes the effects of hydrodynamic dispersion, fluid sources and sinks, and divergence of velocity. This explicit procedure has several stability criteria, but the consequent time-step limitations are automatically determined by the program.\r\nThe report includes a listing of the computer program, which is written in FORTRAN IV and contains about 2,000 lines. The model is based on a rectangular, block-centered, finite difference grid. It allows the specification of any number of injection or withdrawal wells and of spatially varying diffuse recharge or discharge, saturated thickness, transmissivity, boundary conditions, and initial heads and concentrations. The program also permits the designation of up to five nodes as observation points, for which a summary table of head and concentration versus time is printed at the end of the calculations. The data input formats for the model require three data cards and from seven to nine data sets to describe the aquifer properties, boundaries, and stresses.\r\nThe accuracy of the model was evaluated for two idealized problems for which analytical solutions could be obtained. In the case of one-dimensional flow the agreement was nearly exact, but in the case of plane radial flow a small amount of numerical dispersion occurred. An analysis of several test problems indicates that the error in the mass balance will be generally less than 10 percent. The test problems demonstrated that the accuracy and precision of the numerical solution is sensitive to the initial number of particles placed in each cell and to the size of the time increment, as determined by the stability criteria. Mass balance errors are commonly the greatest during the first several time increments, but tend to decrease and stabilize with time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/twri07C2","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Bredehoeft, J., 1978, Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 07-C2, vi, 90 p. :ill. ; 26 cm. Reprinted in 1984., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri07C2.","productDescription":"vi, 90 p. :ill. ; 26 cm. Reprinted in 1984.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri7c2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18231,"text":"ofr78879 - 1978 - Ages of flow units in the far eastern lunar maria based on crater density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T18:20:12.590485","indexId":"ofr78879","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-879","title":"Ages of flow units in the far eastern lunar maria based on crater density","docAbstract":"

The distribution of major geologic units of uniform relative age exposed in the far eastern maria (i.e., Mare Marginis, Mare Smythii, and Mare Crisium) and Mare Humorum was compiled in map form on the basis of a crater density mapping technique. Correlation of crater densities and radiometric ages of Apollo landing sites provide estimates of the absolute age for the units. Results indicate that the far eastern maria were emplaced over a period of approximately 1.25 b.y., from about 3.75 b.y. to 2.5 b.y. before present. Extensive young mare units (~ 2.5 ± 0.5 b.y.) occur in all three large far eastern maria. Major old units (~ 3.65 ± 0.05 b.y.) occur in central Mare Crisium and eastern Mare Marginis. Correlation of the age data and remote sensing data suggests that: (1) both young and old units have relatively high Mg/A1 ratios and are relatively rich in Fe and Ti, whereas intermediate age units have lower Mg/Al ratios and less Fe and Ti. A similar relationship previously noted for other maria suggests that this applied throughout the lunar maria; (2) older units generally have higher remnant magnetism than younger units - a relationship also previously noted for other lunar maria and attributed to a steady decline of a primodial lunar magnetic field, and (3) all age units in the eastern maria have relatively low natural radioactivity or abundances of Th, K, and U compared to the western maria (particularly in the Mare Imbrium area). The presence of young lava flows in both the eastern and western maria suggests that the relative abundance of these radioactive elements has played only a minor role in controlling the duration and location of mare volcanism.

The crater-density relative age data presented here correlate in a linear fashion with crater-morphology relative age data. A combination of these data provides a nearly complete map of the distribution of units of uniform relative age of the lunar maria and shows that, as previously suggested, the older units (> 3.5 b.y. old) are generally located along the basin edges and the younger units (< 3.5 b.y. old) are generally in the basin centers. However, this map also shows that the vents for the flows of the young units must be located on the edges of the basins. These observations support tectonic models of basin subsidence caused by isostatic adjustment to the weight of the lava and to subsurface evacuation and subsequent collapse as the lavas were erupted.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78879","usgsCitation":"Boyce, J.M., 1978, Ages of flow units in the far eastern lunar maria based on crater density: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-879, ii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78879.","productDescription":"ii, 55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0879/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0879/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyce, Joseph M.","contributorId":52963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9700,"text":"ofr78516 - 1978 - Planning report for the southeastern limestone regional aquifer system analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T21:56:19.315191","indexId":"ofr78516","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-516","title":"Planning report for the southeastern limestone regional aquifer system analysis","docAbstract":"

The southeastern limestone aquifer system is one of the major sources of ground water in the United States. Over 3 billion gallons of water are pumped daily making the aquifer the principal source of municipal, industrial, and agricultural water supply in large parts of Florida and Georgia and to a lesser extent in South Carolina, and Alabama. Another important use is the disposal of industrial wastes and treated sewage into parts of the limestone system containing saline water. A variety of problems have developed in the aquifer in recent years, principally declining water levels, saltwater intrusion in coastal areas, water-quality degradation, and inadequate supplies of fresh ground water locally.

In 1978 the U.S. Geological Survey began a study whose goal is to provide a complete description of the hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, and regional flow system of the limestone aquifer. A 4-year effort is planned that will include: (1) synthesis of all existing data and presentation on a series of regional hydrogeological and geochemical maps; (2) obtaining new hydrogeological information to fill data voids -- particularly where ongoing State and Federal programs are not likely to generate such data; and (3) design and calibration of a regional digital model of the aquifer system and detailed models of problem areas. Computer simulation will be used extensively to assess the effects of large withdrawals of ground water and waste injection into the aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78516","usgsCitation":"Johnston, R.H., 1978, Planning report for the southeastern limestone regional aquifer system analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-516, iii, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78516.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422740,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0516/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142350,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0516/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.1863243360107,\n 25.592077877776376\n ],\n [\n -80.1863243360107,\n 32.677897021016406\n ],\n [\n -88.37090332184287,\n 32.677897021016406\n ],\n [\n -88.37090332184287,\n 25.592077877776376\n ],\n [\n -80.1863243360107,\n 25.592077877776376\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6852d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, Richard H.","contributorId":95860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3255,"text":"cir764 - 1978 - Program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T11:00:54","indexId":"cir764","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"764","title":"Program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina","docAbstract":"The design and objectives of the program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina are described. Using water-quality and streamflow data collected since the 1940's, a study is underway to define certain variations in water quality, to quantify the effects of man 's activities on water quality, and to determine long-term trends at key locations on the State 's major river. Data collected from 47 unpolluted stream sites were used to estimate average concentrations for naturally occurring constituents during periods of high and low flow. Methods are described for estimating constituent loads derived from both natural sources and sources of pollution. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/cir764","usgsCitation":"Wilder, H.B., and Simmons, C.E., 1978, Program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 764, iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir764.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0764/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0764/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilder, Hugh B.","contributorId":83899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilder","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, Clyde E.","contributorId":71528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6431,"text":"pp1044A - 1978 - The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11262,"text":"ofr77347 - 1977 - The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","indexId":"ofr77347","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6431,"text":"pp1044A - 1978 - The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","indexId":"pp1044A","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T16:29:27.483672","indexId":"pp1044A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1044","chapter":"A","title":"The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California","docAbstract":"Long Valley caldera, an elliptical depression covering 450 km 2 on the eastern front of the Sierra Nevada in east-central California, contains a hot-water convection system with numerous hot springs and measured and estimated aquifer temperatures at depths of 180?C to 280?C. In this study we have synthesized the results of previous geologic, geophysical, geochemical, and hydrologic investigations of the Long Valley area to develop a generalized conceptual and mathematical model which describes the gross features of heat and fluid flow in the hydrothermal system. \r\n\r\nCenozoic volcanism in the Long Valley region began about 3.2 m.y. (million years) ago and has continued intermittently until the present time. The major event that resulted in the formation of the Long Valley caldera took place about 0.7 m.y. ago with the eruption of 600 km 3 or more of Bishop Tuff of Pleistocene age, a rhyolitic ash flow, and subsequent collapse of the roof of the magma chamber along one or more steeply inclined ring fractures. Subsequent intracaldera volcanism and uplift of the west-central part of the caldera floor formed a subcircular resurgent dome about 10 km in diameter surrounded by a moat containing rhyolitic, rhyodacitic, and basaltic rocks ranging in age from 0.5 to 0.05 m.y. \r\n\r\nOn the basis of gravity and seismic studies, we estimate an aver- age thickness of fill of 2.4 km above the precaldera granitic and metamorphic basement rocks. A continuous layer of densely welded Bishop Tuff overlies the basement rocks, with an average thickness of 1.4 km; the fill above the welded Bishop Tuff consists of intercalated volcanic flows and tuffs and fluvial and lacustrine deposits. Assuming the average grain density of the fill is between 2.45 and 2.65 g/cm 3 , we calculate the average bulk porosity of the total fill as from 0.11 to 0.21. Comparison of published values of porosity of the welded Bishop Tuff exposed southeast of the caldera with calculated values indicates average bulk porosity for the welded tuff (including fracture porosity) from 0.05 to 0.10. Because of its continuity and depth and the likelihood of significant fracture permeability in the more competent rocks such as the welded tuff, our model of the hydrothermal system assumes that the Bishop Tuff provides the principal hot-water reservoir. However, because very little direct information exists from drill holes below 300 m, this assumption must be considered tentative. \r\n\r\nLong Valley caldera is drained by the Owens River and several tributaries which flow into Lake Crowley in the southeast end of the caldera. Streamflow and springflow measurements for water years 1964-74 indicate a total inflow to Lake Crowley of about 10,900 L/s. In contrast, the total discharge of hot water from the hydrothermal reservoir is about 300 L/s. For modeling purposes, the ground-water system is considered as comprising a shallow subsystem in the fill above the densely welded Bishop Tuff containing relatively cold ground water, and a deep subsystem or hydrothermal reservoir in the welded tuff containing relatively hot ground water. Hydrologic, isotopic, and thermal data indicate that recharge to the hydrothermal reservoir occurs in the upper Owens River drainage basin along the western periphery of the caldera. Temperature profiles in a 2.11- km-deep test well drilled by private industry in the southeastern part of the caldera suggest that an additional flux of relatively cool ground water recharges the deep subsystem around the northeast rim. Flow in the shallow ground-water subsystem is neglected in the model except in recharge areas and along Hot Creek gorge, where approximately 80 percent of the hot-water discharge from the hydrothermal reservoir moves upward along faults toward springs in the gorge. \r\n\r\nHeat-flow data from the Long Valley region indicate that the resurgent dome overlies a residual magma chamber more circular in plan than the original magma chamber that supplied the Bishop Tuff","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1044A","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., Lewis, R.E., and Olmsted, F.H., 1978, The hydrothermal system of Long Valley Caldera, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044, Report: 60 p.; 1 Plate: 34.00 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1044A.","productDescription":"Report: 60 p.; 1 Plate: 34.00 x 25.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104540,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4695.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4695"},{"id":33841,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.0969,\n 37.7778\n ],\n [\n -119.0969,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -118.635,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -118.635,\n 37.7778\n ],\n [\n -119.0969,\n 37.7778\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64da25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Robert Edward","contributorId":73595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9534,"text":"ofr78735 - 1978 - Selected water-quality data from the Merced River, California, November 1976 through August 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T00:03:28.868604","indexId":"ofr78735","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-735","title":"Selected water-quality data from the Merced River, California, November 1976 through August 1977","docAbstract":"

The Merced River originates on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada and flows through Yosemite National Park. The river drains 1,276 square miles before joining the San Joaquin River near Stevinson, Calif. Data were collected to permit descriptions of the river's quality during a hydrologic cycle, the natural and manmade factors in the basin that affect the quality, and the trends that might be used in developing procedures to reduce degradation in the future.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78735","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., 1978, Selected water-quality data from the Merced River, California, November 1976 through August 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-735, iv, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78735.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413381,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0735/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0735/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Merced River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.67181748897762,\n 37.191244661702484\n ],\n [\n -119.21125611997056,\n 37.191244661702484\n ],\n [\n -119.21125611997056,\n 37.961484863495784\n ],\n [\n -120.67181748897762,\n 37.961484863495784\n ],\n [\n -120.67181748897762,\n 37.191244661702484\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Ray J.","contributorId":53770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Ray J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27264,"text":"wri77118 - 1978 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the lower Wisconsin River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T10:17:59","indexId":"wri77118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-118","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the lower Wisconsin River basin","docAbstract":"

Low-flow characteristics of streams in the lower Wisconsin River basin are presented. Included are estimates of low-flow frequency and flow duration at 11 gaging stations; low-flow frequency characteristics at 26 low-flow partial-record stations and 70 miscellaneous sites; and a list of low-flow discharge measurements at 155 miscellaneous sites where insufficient data were available to estimate low-flow characteristics.

\n

Relations are provided to estimate low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites and at sites where one base-flow discharge measurement is available. The relationships were determined from multiple regression analyses that related the low-flow characteristics at gaging stations and low-flow partial-record stations to basin characteristics.

\n

The standard error of estimate is provided for each method of estimating the annual minimum 7-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on the average of once in 2 years and once in 10 years. Standard error provides the user with the expected degree of accuracy for each method.

\n

Low-flow characteristics estimated for the lower Wisconsin River basin have a high degree of reliability when compared with other basins in Wisconsin, Reliable estimates appear to be related to the relatively uniform geologic features in the basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri77118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W., 1978, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the lower Wisconsin River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-118, Report: iv, 80 p.; 2 Plates: 17.00 x 11.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77118.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 80 p.; 2 Plates: 17.00 x 11.25 inches","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56142,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0118/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56143,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0118/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56144,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Baraboo, Portage, Richland Center","otherGeospatial":"Wisconsin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 43.75125720420175\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 43.75125720420175\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 42.79540065303723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, W.A.","contributorId":71555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6510,"text":"pp1003 - 1978 - Effects of urbanization on streamflow and sediment transport in the Rock Creek and Anacostia River basins, Montgomery County, Maryland, 1962-74","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48093,"text":"ofr72455 - 1972 - Sediment yields of urban construction sources, Montgomery County, Maryland; a progress report, Rock Creek-Anacostia River Basins","indexId":"ofr72455","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment yields of urban construction sources, Montgomery County, Maryland; a progress report, Rock Creek-Anacostia River Basins"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6510,"text":"pp1003 - 1978 - Effects of urbanization on streamflow and sediment transport in the Rock Creek and Anacostia River basins, Montgomery County, Maryland, 1962-74","indexId":"pp1003","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of urbanization on streamflow and sediment transport in the Rock Creek and Anacostia River basins, Montgomery County, Maryland, 1962-74"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T19:53:51.871944","indexId":"pp1003","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1003","title":"Effects of urbanization on streamflow and sediment transport in the Rock Creek and Anacostia River basins, Montgomery County, Maryland, 1962-74","docAbstract":"

Land use, precipitation, streamflow, and sediment discharge data were collected from nine small drainage basins in Montgomery County, Maryland, to evaluate runoff and sediment response to sediment-control practices in areas undergoing urban development. Drainage basins ranged in size from 0.35 to 21.1 sq mi and land use ranged from rural to 60 percent urban. Urbanization did not affect low and medium flows, but it did result in increased storm runoff and peak flows. Suspended sediment transported from one of the basins that underwent urban development, the 21.1 sq mi Anacostia River basin, averaged 15 ,400 tons/yr between 1962 and 1974. Bedload was estimated as 5 to 11 percent of the total load. Cropland, urban land, and construction sites were the major sources of sediment. Average annual sediment yields ranged from 065 to 4.3 tons/acre for cropland, 3.7 tons/acre for urban land, and 7 to 100 tons/acre for urban construction sites. The magnitude of the yields from construction sites was significantly affected by (1) the slope of the sites, (2) the proximity of stream channels, (3) buffer zones of natural vegetation, and (4) sediment-control measures. Sediment controls, particularly those enforced under a 1971 sediment-control ordinance, apparently decreased construction-site sediment yields by 60 to 80 percent.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1003","usgsCitation":"Yorke, T.H., and Herb, W.J., 1978, Effects of urbanization on streamflow and sediment transport in the Rock Creek and Anacostia River basins, Montgomery County, Maryland, 1962-74: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1003, Report: vi, 71 p.; 3 Plates: 21.50 × 31.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1003.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 71 p.; 3 Plates: 21.50 × 31.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405401,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4672.htm"},{"id":33975,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33974,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1003/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33973,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1003/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33972,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1003/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Montgomery County","otherGeospatial":"Rock Creek and Anacostia River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.1208,\n 39.0594\n ],\n [\n -76.9833,\n 39.0594\n ],\n [\n -76.9833,\n 39.1872\n ],\n [\n -77.1208,\n 39.1872\n ],\n [\n -77.1208,\n 39.0594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c82a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yorke, Thomas H.","contributorId":83109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yorke","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herb, William J.","contributorId":79454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herb","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7740,"text":"ofr78333 - 1978 - Minimum average 7-day, 10-year flows in the Hudson River basin, New York, with release-flow data on Rondout and Ashokan reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:04","indexId":"ofr78333","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-333","title":"Minimum average 7-day, 10-year flows in the Hudson River basin, New York, with release-flow data on Rondout and Ashokan reservoirs","docAbstract":"Minimum average 7-day, 10-year flow at 67 gaging stations and 173 partial-record stations in the Hudson River basin are given in tabular form. Variation of the 7-day, 10-year low flow from point to point in selected reaches, and the corresponding times of travel, are shown graphically for Wawayanda Creek, Wallkill River, Woodbury-Moodna Creek, and the Fishkill Creek basins. The 7-day, 10-year low flow for the Saw Kill basin, and estimates of the 7-day, 10-year low flow of the Roeliff Jansen Kill at Ancram and of Birch Creek at Pine Hill, are given. Summaries of discharge from Rondout and Ashokan Reservoirs, in Ulster County, are also included. \r\n\r\nMinimum average 7-day, 10-year flow for gaging stations with 10 years or more of record were determined by log-Pearson Type III computation; those for partial-record stations were developed by correlation of discharge measurements made at the partial-record stations with discharge data from appropriate long-term gaging stations. The variation in low flows from point to point within the selected subbasins were estimated from available data and regional regression formula. Time of travel at these flows in the four subbasins was estimated from available data and Boning's equations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78333","usgsCitation":"Archer, R.J., 1978, Minimum average 7-day, 10-year flows in the Hudson River basin, New York, with release-flow data on Rondout and Ashokan reservoirs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-333, iii, 33 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) ;29 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78333.","productDescription":"iii, 33 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) ;29 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35200,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0333/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0333/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archer, Roger J.","contributorId":108106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archer","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11712,"text":"ofr79217 - 1978 - Storm-water data for Bear Creek basin, Jackson County, Oregon 1977-78","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T12:29:49","indexId":"ofr79217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-217","title":"Storm-water data for Bear Creek basin, Jackson County, Oregon 1977-78","docAbstract":"

Storm-water-quality samples were collected from four subbasins in the Bear Creek basin in southern Oregon. These subbasins vary in drainage size, channel slope, effective impervious area, and land use. Automatic waterquality samplers and precipitation and discharge gages were set up in each of the four subbasins.

During the period October 1977 through May 1978, 19 sets of samples, including two base-flow samples, were collected. Fecal coliform bacteria colonies per 100-milliliter sample ranged from less than 1,000 to more than 1,000,000. Suspended-sediment concentrations ranged from less than 1 to more than 2,300 milligrams per liter. One subbasin consisting of downtown businesses and streets with heavy vehicular traffic was monitored for lead. Total lead values ranging from 100 to 1,900 micrograms per liter were measured during one storm event.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr79217","usgsCitation":"Wittenberg, L.A., 1978, Storm-water data for Bear Creek basin, Jackson County, Oregon 1977-78: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-217, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79217.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr79217.jpg"},{"id":328965,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wittenberg, Loren A.","contributorId":93914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittenberg","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8223,"text":"ofr78678 - 1978 - Description of data-collection system and synopsis of selected hydrologic data for Soldier Creek Basin, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T15:47:57","indexId":"ofr78678","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-678","title":"Description of data-collection system and synopsis of selected hydrologic data for Soldier Creek Basin, Kansas","docAbstract":"

Soldier Creek basin is a long, narrow basin encompassing an area of about 290 square miles almost directly north of Topeka, Kansas. A wide range of hydrologic data has been collected in the basin since the spring of 1964. These data include rainfall, stream discharge, sediment concentrations, chemical quality of water, and ground-water altitudes.

The data collection system consists of 7 recording streamflow stations, 5 recording rainfall stations, 51 non-recording rainfall stations, and 31 groundwater observation wells. Sediment and chemical quality of water samples were collected intermittently at selected sites.

A synopsis of the time and space distribution of rainfall and peak flow are provided in graphic and tabular form for selected events of rainfall and peak flow. Representative data concerning the chemical quality of water and the fluvial sediment also are included. Selected ground-water and seepage-investigation data are depicted graphically.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78678","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 1978, Description of data-collection system and synopsis of selected hydrologic data for Soldier Creek Basin, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-678, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78678.","productDescription":"80 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":141331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0678/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346263,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0678/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Soldier Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 39.09276546806873\n ],\n [\n -95.64559936523438,\n 39.09276546806873\n ],\n [\n -95.64559936523438,\n 39.659627802935226\n ],\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 39.659627802935226\n ],\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 39.09276546806873\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dcd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":157369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10003,"text":"ofr78438 - 1978 - Selected data from thermal-spring areas, southwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T22:44:26.668776","indexId":"ofr78438","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-438","title":"Selected data from thermal-spring areas, southwestern Montana","docAbstract":"

During 1975-77 the Montana district of the U.S. Geological Survey collected and assembled data describing the flow, temperature, and chemical characteristics of thermal and related waters. The work was part of an assessment of the geothermal resources of southwestern Montana, excluding Yellowstone Park. The purpose of this report is to present representative data from 24 thermal springs and 3 deep wells where water temperatures exceed 38°C (100°F).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78438","usgsCitation":"Leonard, R., Brosten, T.M., and Midtlyng, N.A., 1978, Selected data from thermal-spring areas, southwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-438, v, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78438.","productDescription":"v, 71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0438/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0438/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.5305701130645,\n 46.95115677390058\n ],\n [\n -114.5305701130645,\n 44.45354114928685\n ],\n [\n -110.43088341514704,\n 44.45354114928685\n ],\n [\n -110.43088341514704,\n 46.95115677390058\n ],\n [\n -114.5305701130645,\n 46.95115677390058\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2f2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, Robert B.","contributorId":14407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brosten, Tordis M.","contributorId":72790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosten","given":"Tordis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Midtlyng, Norman A. nmidtlyn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Midtlyng","given":"Norman","email":"nmidtlyn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":160656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9512,"text":"ofr78452 - 1978 - Risk analyses for a water-supply system; Occoquan Reservoir, Fairfax and Prince William counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T22:45:11.145876","indexId":"ofr78452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-452","title":"Risk analyses for a water-supply system; Occoquan Reservoir, Fairfax and Prince William counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"

This report demonstrates two techniques for evaluating risks in the operation of a water-supply system. Both rely on reconstructed historical streamflow data to develop estimates of the probabilities of certain specific events occurring in the future. These techniques are applied to the Occoquan Reservoir which was experiencing an unprecedented low level of storage in the autumn of 1977. The two techniques are used respectively to evaluate the overall adequacy of the existing reservoir and to evaluate the risks in the 1977 crisis.

In the first technique, the general risk analysis model (GRAM), simulations of the reservoir's contents are carried out under a set of assumptions about withdrawal rates and emergency procedures. The results of the GRAM simulation for the Occoquan Reservoir are in the form of estimates of the probabilities that in any year certain emergency procedures will have to be invoked. These estimates are given for a range of rates of withdrawals and for four different stages of emergency actions. Also given are the estimated probabilities of entering emergency conditions in one year given that an emergency had occurred in the previous year. Due to the year-to-year persistence of low flows, these latter (conditional) probabilities are higher than the former (marginal) probabilities.

The second technique used is position analysis. In this procedure probability distributions of future storages are estimated under existing storage conditions and an assumed rate of withdrawal from the reservoir. The position analysis which was initialized at the October 1, 1977, conditions indicates that the probability of entering a Stage III emergency (the prohibition of all uses of water nonessential to life, health, and safety) in the autumn of 1977 or winter of 1978 was 10 percent at that time. However, with a reduction in water use by 8 million gallons per day, this probability would have fallen to 4 percent.

If a long reconstructed historical streamflow record is available to a water supply agency, then the agency will have the capability to undertake its own risk analyses. It can carry out comparisons of alternative operating policies by using techniques such as GRAM. It can also evaluate short-term risk of different plans of operation during crisis situations by using position analysis.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78452","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 1978, Risk analyses for a water-supply system; Occoquan Reservoir, Fairfax and Prince William counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-452, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78452.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0452/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413061,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0452/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Fairfax County, Prince William County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.36749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -77.36749999999999,38.75 ], [ -77.11749999999999,38.75 ], [ -77.11749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -77.36749999999999,38.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b447c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":159815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7701,"text":"ofr78938 - 1978 - Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Crested Butte coal field, Gunnison County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T23:19:06.278963","indexId":"ofr78938","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-938","title":"Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Crested Butte coal field, Gunnison County, Colorado","docAbstract":"

Available surface-water and ground-water data were compiled for the parts of the Gunnison River basin in and adjacent to the Crested Butte coal field. The data were evaluated to assess the quantity and quality of water resources in the area for use in hydraulic coal mining.

Based on discharge records, surface-water supplies of most streams should be adequate to meet the demands for hydraulic mining of 1 million tons of coal per year with a recycled water system. However, on some of the smaller streams in the area, some storage of water may be required for use during low-flow periods to meet minimum-flow requirements for downstream reaches. Ground water from alluvium along major streams and rivers and, in certain parts of the study area, from the Dakota and Entrada Sandstones, is also a potential source of water for hydraulic coal mining.

The surface and ground water in the study area should be of adequate quality for use in hydraulic coal mining, with the possible exception of Coal Creek which has excessive concentrations of iron, manganese, and zinc. Data are insufficient to assess the potential impact of hydraulic coal mining on downstream water quality.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78938","usgsCitation":"Alley, W., Britton, L.J., and Boyd, E.L., 1978, Reconnaissance evaluation of water resources for hydraulic coal mining, Crested Butte coal field, Gunnison County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-938, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78938.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0938/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0938/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","otherGeospatial":"Crested Butte coal field","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.08333333333333,38.86666666666667 ], [ -107.08333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -107,38.916666666666664 ], [ -107,38.86666666666667 ], [ -107.08333333333333,38.86666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644596","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Britton, Linda J.","contributorId":72780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, Elaine L.","contributorId":103277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Elaine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}