We present evidence of 11–14 earthquakes that occurred between 3000 and 1500 b.c. on the San Andreas fault at the Wrightwood paleoseismic site. Earthquake evidence is presented in a novel form in which we rank (high, moderate, poor, or low) the quality of all evidence of ground deformation, which are called “event indicators.” Event indicator quality reflects our confidence that the morphologic and sedimentologic evidence can be attributable to a ground-deforming earthquake and that the earthquake horizon is accurately identified by the morphology of the feature. In four vertical meters of section exposed in ten trenches, we document 316 event indicators attributable to 32 separate stratigraphic horizons. Each stratigraphic horizon is evaluated based on the sum of rank (Rs), maximum rank (Rm), average rank (Ra), number of observations (Obs), and sum of higher-quality event indicators (Rs>1). Of the 32 stratigraphic horizons, 14 contain 83% of the event indicators and are qualified based on the number and quality of event indicators; the remaining 18 do not have satisfactory evidence for further consideration. Eleven of the 14 stratigraphic horizons have sufficient number and quality of event indicators to be qualified as “probable” to “very likely” earthquakes; the remaining three stratigraphic horizons are associated with somewhat ambiguous features and are qualified as “possible” earthquakes. Although no single measurement defines an obvious threshold for designation as an earthquake horizon, Rs, Rm, and Rs>1 correlate best with the interpreted earthquake quality. Earthquake age distributions are determined from radiocarbon ages of peat samples using a Bayesian approach to layer dating. The average recurrence interval for the 10 consecutive and highest-quality earthquakes is 111 (93–131) years and individual intervals are ±50% of the average. With comparison with the previously published 14–15 earthquake record between a.d. 500 and present, we find no evidence to suggest significant variations in the average recurrence rate at Wrightwood during the past 5000 years.
Groundwater ages estimated from environmental tracers can help calibrate groundwater flow models. Groundwater age represents a mixture of traveltimes, with the distribution of ages determined by the detailed structure of the flow field, which can be prone to significant transient variability. Effects of pumping on age distribution were assessed using direct age simulation in a hypothetical layered aquifer system. A steady state predevelopment age distribution was computed first. A well field was then introduced, and pumpage caused leakage into the confined aquifer of older water from an overlying confining unit. Large changes in simulated groundwater ages occurred in both the aquifer and the confining unit at high pumping rates, and the effects propagated a substantial distance downgradient from the wells. The range and variance of ages contributing to the well increased substantially during pumping. The results suggest that the groundwater age distribution in developed aquifers may be affected by transient leakage from low‐permeability material, such as confining units, under certain hydrogeologic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR004865","usgsCitation":"Zinn, B.A., and Konikow, L.F., 2007, Potential effects of regional pumpage on groundwater age distribution: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 6, W06418; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR004865.","productDescription":"W06418; 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr004865","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edde4b0c8380cd7a7c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zinn, Brendan A.","contributorId":102953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zinn","given":"Brendan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030760,"text":"70030760 - 2007 - Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70030760","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions","docAbstract":"The presence of fault-plane reflections in seismic images, besides indicating the locations of faults, offers a possible source of information on the properties of these poorly understood zones. To better understand the physical mechanism giving rise to fault-plane reflections in compacting sedimentary basins, we numerically model the full elastic wavefield via the spectral element method (SEM) for several different fault models. Using well log data from the South Eugene Island field, offshore Louisiana, we derive empirical relationships between the elastic parameters (e.g. P-wave velocity and density) and the effective-stress along both normal compaction and unloading paths. These empirical relationships guide the numerical modelling and allow the investigation of how differences in fluid pressure modify the elastic wavefield. We choose to simulate the elastic wave equation via SEM since irregular model geometries can be accommodated and slip boundary conditions at an interface, such as a fault or fracture, are implemented naturally. The method we employ for including a slip interface retains the desirable qualities of SEM in that it is explicit in time and, therefore, does not require the inversion of a large matrix. We performa complete numerical study by forward modelling seismic shot gathers over a faulted earth model using SEM followed by seismic processing of the simulated data. With this procedure, we construct post-stack time-migrated images of the kind that are routinely interpreted in the seismic exploration industry. We dip filter the seismic images to highlight the fault-plane reflections prior to making amplitude maps along the fault plane. With these amplitude maps, we compare the reflectivity from the different fault models to diagnose which physical mechanism contributes most to observed fault reflectivity. To lend physical meaning to the properties of a locally weak fault zone characterized as a slip interface, we propose an equivalent-layer model under the assumption of weak scattering. This allows us to use the empirical relationships between density, velocity and effective stress from the South Eugene Island field to relate a slip interface to an amount of excess pore-pressure in a fault zone. ?? 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2007 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03437.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Haney, M., Snieder, R., Ampuero, J., and Hofmann, R., 2007, Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions: Geophysical Journal International, v. 170, no. 2, p. 933-951, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03437.x.","startPage":"933","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476998,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2007.03437.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03437.x"},{"id":238628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b953ce4b08c986b31ae07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, M.","contributorId":38264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieder, R.","contributorId":63924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ampuero, J.-P.","contributorId":28801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ampuero","given":"J.-P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofmann, R.","contributorId":79699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030762,"text":"70030762 - 2007 - Atmospheric bromine flux from the coastal Abu Dhabi sabkhat: A ground-water mass-balance investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030762","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric bromine flux from the coastal Abu Dhabi sabkhat: A ground-water mass-balance investigation","docAbstract":"A solute mass-balance study of ground water of the 3000 km2 coastal sabkhat (salt flats) of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, documents an annual bromide loss of approximately 255 metric tons (0.0032 Gmoles), or 85 kg/km2. This value is an order of magnitude greater than previously published direct measurements from the atmosphere over an evaporative environment of a salar in Bolivia. Laboratory evidence, consistent with published reports, suggests that this loss is by vapor transport to the atmosphere. If this bromine flux to the atmosphere is representative of the total earth area of active salt flats then it is a significant, and generally under recognized, input to the global atmospheric bromide flux.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GL029922","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Sanford, W., 2007, Atmospheric bromine flux from the coastal Abu Dhabi sabkhat: A ground-water mass-balance investigation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029922.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476991,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl029922","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211381,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029922"},{"id":238661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eebee4b0c8380cd49f01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030764,"text":"70030764 - 2007 - Aqueous exposure to 4-nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-06T13:03:21","indexId":"70030764","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous exposure to 4-nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"Population declines of wild Atlantic salmon have been attributed to an array of anthropogenic disturbances, including dams, commercial and recreational fishing, habitat loss, and pollution. Environmental contaminants in particular, can act as environmental stressors on fish, typically causing disruption of ion homeostasis due to their close association with the aquatic environment. To examine the effects of the xenoestrogen 4-nonylphenol (NP) or 17β-estradiol (E2) on stress sensitivity and ion regulation, we exposed juvenile Atlantic salmon continuously for 21 d to either 10 or 100 μg/L NP (NP-L or NP-H), 2 μg/L E2 (positive control), or vehicle control during the parr-smolt transformation in April. After treatment, fish were sampled in freshwater (FW), transferred to 30‰ seawater (SW) for 24 h, or subjected to a handling stress. Estradiol and NP-H increased plasma vitellogenin in males and females, and E2 increased gonadosomatic index only in males. In FW, E2 reduced sodium potassium–activated adenosine triphosphatase activity as well as plasma levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, and triiodothyronine. Both E2 and NP-H reduced plasma sodium in FW and increased plasma chloride in SW. Plasma Cortisol levels pre- and poststressor were significantly elevated by all treatments relative to controls, but only E2 increased plasma glucose before and after the stressor. These results indicate that exposure of anadromous salmonids to environmental estrogens heightens sensitivity to external stressors, impairs ion regulation in both FW and SW, and disrupts endocrine pathways critical for smolt development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/06-451R1.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Lerner, D.T., Bjornsson, B.T., and McCormick, S., 2007, Aqueous exposure to 4-nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol increases stress sensitivity and disrupts ion regulatory ability of juvenile atlantic salmon: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1433-1440, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-451R1.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1433","endPage":"1440","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-451R1.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed16e4b0c8380cd49606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lerner, Darrren T.","contributorId":51175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerner","given":"Darrren","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur","contributorId":28928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjornsson","given":"Bjorn","email":"","middleInitial":"Thrandur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":2197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen D.","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030983,"text":"70030983 - 2007 - Application of a source apportionment model in consideration of volatile organic compounds in an urban stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030983","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a source apportionment model in consideration of volatile organic compounds in an urban stream","docAbstract":"Position-dependent concentrations of trichloroethylene and methyl-tert-butyl ether are considered for a 2.81-km section of the Aberjona River in Massachusetts, USA. This river flows through Woburn and Winchester (Massachusetts, USA), an area that is highly urbanized, has a long history of industrial activities dating to the early 1800s, and has gained national attention because of contamination from chlorinated solvent compounds in Woburn wells G and H. The river study section is in Winchester and begins approximately five stream kilometers downstream from the Woburn wells superfund site. Approximately 300 toxic release sites are documented in the watershed upstream from the terminus of the study section. The inflow to the river study section is considered one source of contamination. Other sources are the atmosphere, a tributary flow, and groundwater flows entering the river; the latter are categorized according to stream zone (1, 2, 3, etc.). Loss processes considered include outflows to groundwater and water-to-atmosphere transfer of volatile compounds. For both trichloroethylene and methyl-rerf-butyl ether, degradation is neglected over the timescale of interest. Source apportionment fractions with assigned values ??inflow, ??1, ??2, ??3, etc. are tracked by a source apportionment model. The strengths of the groundwater and tributary sources serve as fitting parameters when minimizing a reduced least squares statistic between water concentrations measured during a synoptic study in July 2001 versus predictions from the model. The model fits provide strong evidence of substantial unknown groundwater sources of trichloroethylene and methyl-tert-butyl ether amounting to tens of grams per day of trichloroethylene and methyl-tert-butyl ether in the river along the study section. Modeling in a source apportionment manner can be useful to water quality managers allocating limited resources for remediation and source control. ?? 2007 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-557R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Asher, W., Luo, W., Campo, K., Bender, D., Robinson, K.W., Zogorski, J., and Pankow, J.F., 2007, Application of a source apportionment model in consideration of volatile organic compounds in an urban stream: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 8, p. 1606-1613, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-557R.1.","startPage":"1606","endPage":"1613","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211641,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-557R.1"},{"id":238968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec93e4b0c8380cd4935d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asher, W.E.","contributorId":99339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asher","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luo, W.","contributorId":71331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campo, K.W.","contributorId":102270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campo","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bender, D.A.","contributorId":49537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, K. W.","contributorId":27488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pankow, J. F.","contributorId":20917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030981,"text":"70030981 - 2007 - Field test comparison of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size using a digital 'beachball' camera versus traditional methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030981","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field test comparison of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size using a digital 'beachball' camera versus traditional methods","docAbstract":"This extensive field test of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size from digital images was conducted using a digital bed-sediment camera, or 'beachball' camera. Using 205 sediment samples and >1200 images from a variety of beaches on the west coast of the US, grain size ranging from sand to granules was measured from field samples using both the autocorrelation technique developed by Rubin [Rubin, D.M., 2004. A simple autocorrelation algorithm for determining grain size from digital images of sediment. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 74(1): 160-165.] and traditional methods (i.e. settling tube analysis, sieving, and point counts). To test the accuracy of the digital-image grain size algorithm, we compared results with manual point counts of an extensive image data set in the Santa Barbara littoral cell. Grain sizes calculated using the autocorrelation algorithm were highly correlated with the point counts of the same images (r2 = 0.93; n = 79) and had an error of only 1%. Comparisons of calculated grain sizes and grain sizes measured from grab samples demonstrated that the autocorrelation technique works well on high-energy dissipative beaches with well-sorted sediment such as in the Pacific Northwest (r2 ??? 0.92; n = 115). On less dissipative, more poorly sorted beaches such as Ocean Beach in San Francisco, results were not as good (r2 ??? 0.70; n = 67; within 3% accuracy). Because the algorithm works well compared with point counts of the same image, the poorer correlation with grab samples must be a result of actual spatial and vertical variability of sediment in the field; closer agreement between grain size in the images and grain size of grab samples can be achieved by increasing the sampling volume of the images (taking more images, distributed over a volume comparable to that of a grab sample). In all field tests the autocorrelation method was able to predict the mean and median grain size with ???96% accuracy, which is more than adequate for the majority of sedimentological applications, especially considering that the autocorrelation technique is estimated to be at least 100 times faster than traditional methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.016","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Rubin, D.M., Harney, J., and Mustain, N., 2007, Field test comparison of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size using a digital 'beachball' camera versus traditional methods: Sedimentary Geology, v. 201, no. 1-2, p. 180-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.016.","startPage":"180","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211617,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.016"},{"id":238936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fdce4b0c8380cd53a47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, P.L.","contributorId":20527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harney, J.","contributorId":18172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harney","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mustain, N.","contributorId":102688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustain","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030979,"text":"70030979 - 2007 - Effects of dam removal on brook trout in a Wisconsin stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030979","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dam removal on brook trout in a Wisconsin stream","docAbstract":"Dams create barriers to fish migration and dispersal in drainage basins, and the removal of dams is often viewed as a means of increasing habitat availability and restoring migratory routes of several fish species. However, these barriers can also isolate and protect native taxa from aggressive downstream invaders. We examined fish community composition two years prior to and two years after the removal of a pair of low-head dams from Boulder Creek, Wisconsin, U.S.A. in 2003 to determine if removal of these potential barriers affected the resident population of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Despite the presence of other taxa in the downstream reaches, and in other similar streams adjacent to the Boulder Creek (including the brown trout, Salmo trutta), no new species had colonized the Boulder Creek in the two years following dam removal. The adults catch per unit effort (CPUE) was lower and the young-of-the-year catch per unit effort (YOY CPUE) was higher in 2005 than in 2001 in all reaches, but the magnitude of these changes was substantially larger in the two dam-affected sample reaches relative to an upstream reference reach, indicating a localized effect of the removal. Total length of the adults and the YOY and the adult body condition did not vary between years or among reaches. Thus, despite changes in numbers of adults and the YOYs in some sections of the stream, the lack of new fish species invading Boulder Creek and the limited extent of population change in brook trout indicate that dam removal had a minor effect on these native salmonids in the first two years of the post-removal. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.1021","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Stanley, E., Catalano, M., Mercado-Silva, N., and Orr, C., 2007, Effects of dam removal on brook trout in a Wisconsin stream: River Research and Applications, v. 23, no. 7, p. 792-798, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1021.","startPage":"792","endPage":"798","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1021"},{"id":238902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06c2e4b0c8380cd513dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, E.H.","contributorId":18966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catalano, M.J.","contributorId":44347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catalano","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mercado-Silva, N.","contributorId":41216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercado-Silva","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orr, C.H.","contributorId":70594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033315,"text":"70033315 - 2007 - Breeding bird territory placement in riparian wet meadows in relation to invasive reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:48:56.112369","indexId":"70033315","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Breeding bird territory placement in riparian wet meadows in relation to invasive reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea","title":"Breeding bird territory placement in riparian wet meadows in relation to invasive reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea","docAbstract":"Invasive plants are a growing concern worldwide for conservation of native habitats. In endangered wet meadow habitat in the Upper Midwestern United States, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) is a recognized problem and its prevalence is more widespread than the better-known invasive wetland plant purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). Although resource managers are concerned about the effect of reed canary grass on birds, this is the first study to report how common wet meadow birds use habitat in relation to reed canary grass cover and dominance. We examined three response variables: territory placement, size of territories, and numbers of territories per plot in relation to cover of reed canary grass. Territory locations for Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis) and Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodid) were positively associated with reed canary grass cover, while those for Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) were not. Only Swamp Sparrow (M. georgiana) territory locations were negatively associated with reed canary grass cover and dominance (which indicated a tendency to place territories where there was no reed canary grass or where many plant species occurred with reed canary grass). Swamp Sparrow territories were positively associated with vegetation height density and litter depth. Common Yellowthroat territories were positively associated with vegetation height density and shrub cover. Song Sparrow territories were negatively associated with litter depth. Reed canary grass cover within territories was not associated with territory size for any of these four bird species. Territory density per plot was not associated with average reed canary grass cover of plots for all four species. Sedge Wrens and Song Sparrows may not respond negatively to reed canary grass because this grass is native to wet meadows of North America, and in the study area it merely replaces other tall lush plants. Avoidance of reed canary grass by Swamp Sparrows may be mediated through their preference for wet areas where reed canary grass typically does not dominate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[644:BBTPIR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kirsch, E., Gray, B., Fox, T., and Thogmartin, W., 2007, Breeding bird territory placement in riparian wet meadows in relation to invasive reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea: Wetlands, v. 27, no. 3, p. 644-655, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[644:BBTPIR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"655","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f269e4b0c8380cd4b16e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, B. R. 0000-0001-7682-9550","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":14785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, T.J.","contributorId":50477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033316,"text":"70033316 - 2007 - Effects of capillarity and microtopography on wetland specific yield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:52:41.800191","indexId":"70033316","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of capillarity and microtopography on wetland specific yield","docAbstract":"Hydrologic models aid in describing water flows and levels in wetlands. Frequently, these models use a specific yield conceptualization to relate water flows to water level changes. Traditionally, a simple conceptualization of specific yield is used, composed of two constant values for above- and below-surface water levels and neglecting the effects of soil capillarity and land surface microtopography. The effects of capillarity and microtopography on specific yield were evaluated at three wetland sites in the Florida Everglades. The effect of capillarity on specific yield was incorporated based on the fillable pore space within a soil moisture profile at hydrostatic equilibrium with the water table. The effect of microtopography was based on areal averaging of topographically varying values of specific yield. The results indicate that a more physically-based conceptualization of specific yield incorporating capillary and microtopographic considerations can be substantially different from the traditional two-part conceptualization, and from simpler conceptualizations incorporating only capillarity or only microtopography. For the sites considered, traditional estimates of specific yield could underor over-estimate the more physically based estimates by a factor of two or more. The results suggest that consideration of both capillarity and microtopography is important to the formulation of specific yield in physically based hydrologic models of wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[693:EOCAMO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., 2007, Effects of capillarity and microtopography on wetland specific yield: Wetlands, v. 27, no. 3, p. 693-701, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[693:EOCAMO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"701","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06a2e4b0c8380cd51345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030967,"text":"70030967 - 2007 - Effects of methylmercury exposure on the immune function of juvenile common loons (Gavia immer)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030967","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of methylmercury exposure on the immune function of juvenile common loons (Gavia immer)","docAbstract":"We conducted a dose-response laboratory study to quantify the level of exposure to dietary Hg, delivered as methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCl), that is associated with suppressed immune function in captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks. We used the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test to assess T-lymphocyte function and the sheep red blood cell (SRBC) hemagglutination test to measure antibody-mediated immunity. The PHA stimulation index among chicks receiving dietary Hg treatment did not differ significantly from those of chicks on the control diet (p = 0.15). Total antibody (immunoglobulin [Ig] M [primary antibody] + IgG [secondary response]) production to the SRBC antigen in chicks treated with dietary methylmercury (MeHg), however, was suppressed (p = 0.04) relative to chicks on control diets. Analysis indicated suppression of total Ig production (p = 0.025 with comparisonwise ?? level = 0.017) between control and 0.4 ??g Hg/g wet food intake treatment groups. Furthermore, the control group exhibited a higher degree of variability in antibody response compared to the Hg groups, suggesting that in addition to reducing the mean response, Hg treatment reduced the normal variation attributable to other biological factors. We observed bursal lymphoid depletion in chicks receiving the 1.2 ??g Hg/g treatment (p = 0.017) and a marginally significant effect (p = 0.025) in chicks receiving the 0.4 ??g Hg/g diet. These findings suggest that common loon chick immune systems may be compromised at an ecologically relevant dietary exposure concentration (0.4 ??g Hg/g wet wt food intake). We also found that chicks hatched from eggs collected from low-pH lakes exhibited higher levels of lymphoid depletion in bursa tissue relative to chicks hatched from eggs collected from neutral-pH lakes. ?? 2007 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-442R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Kenow, K., Grasman, K., Hines, R.K., Meyer, M., Gendron-Fitzpatrick, A., Spalding, M.G., and Gray, B., 2007, Effects of methylmercury exposure on the immune function of juvenile common loons (Gavia immer): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1460-1469, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-442R.1.","startPage":"1460","endPage":"1469","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211420,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-442R.1"},{"id":238705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a075fe4b0c8380cd51674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grasman, K.A.","contributorId":6249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasman","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, M.W.","contributorId":38094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gendron-Fitzpatrick, A.","contributorId":64192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendron-Fitzpatrick","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spalding, M. G.","contributorId":62979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spalding","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gray, B. R. 0000-0001-7682-9550","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":14785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030185,"text":"70030185 - 2007 - Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and their oxon derivatives to larval Rana boylii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030185","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and their oxon derivatives to larval Rana boylii","docAbstract":"Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and are highly toxic to amphibians. They deactivate cholinesterase, resulting in neurological dysfunction. Most chemicals in this group require oxidative desulfuration to achieve their greatest cholinesterase-inhibiting potencies. Oxon derivatives are formed within liver cells but also by bacterial decay of parental pesticides. This study examines the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, malathion and diazinon and their oxons on the foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii). R. boylii is exposed to agricultural pesticides in the California Central Valley. Median lethal concentrations of the parental forms during a 96 h exposure were 3.00 mg/L (24 h) for chlorpyrifos, 2.14 mg/L for malathion and 7.49 mg/L for diazinon. Corresponding oxons were 10 to 100 times more toxic than their parental forms. We conclude that environmental concentrations of these pesticides can be harmful to R. boylii populations. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.036","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., and Fellers, G., 2007, Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and their oxon derivatives to larval Rana boylii: Environmental Pollution, v. 147, no. 3, p. 535-539, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.036.","startPage":"535","endPage":"539","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.036"},{"id":239394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f82ee4b0c8380cd4cf15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, G.","contributorId":42167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030965,"text":"70030965 - 2007 - Shallow P- and S-wave velocities and site resonances in the St. Louis region, Missouri-Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030965","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow P- and S-wave velocities and site resonances in the St. Louis region, Missouri-Illinois","docAbstract":"As part of the seismic hazard-mapping efforts in the St. Louis metropolitan area we determined the compressional and shear-wave velocities (Vp and Vs) to about a 40-m depth at 17 locations in this area. The Vs measurements were made using high-resolution seismic refraction and reflection methods. We find a clear difference in the Vs profiles between sites located on the river floodplains and those located in the upland urban areas of St. Louis. Vs30 (average Vs to 30-m depth) values in floodplain areas range from 200 to 290 m/s (NEHRP category D) and contrast with sites on the upland areas of St. Louis, which have Vs30 values ranging from 410 to 785 m/s (NEHRP categories C and B). The lower Vs30 values and earthquake recordings in the floodplains suggest a greater potential for stronger and more prolonged ground shaking in an earthquake. Spectral analysis of a M3.6 earthquake recorded on the St. Louis-area ANSS seismograph network indicates stronger shaking and potentially damaging S-wave resonant frequencies at NEHRP category D sites compared to ground motions at a rock site located on the Saint Louis University campus. ?? 2007, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.2753548","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Williams, R.A., Odum, J.K., Stephenson, W.J., and Herrmann, R., 2007, Shallow P- and S-wave velocities and site resonances in the St. Louis region, Missouri-Illinois: Earthquake Spectra, v. 23, no. 3, p. 711-726, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2753548.","startPage":"711","endPage":"726","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2753548"},{"id":238673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e18e4b08c986b31871e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herrmann, Robert B.","contributorId":80255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030962,"text":"70030962 - 2007 - Annual arctic wolf pack size related to arctic hare numbers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-10T16:57:51.346579","indexId":"70030962","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual arctic wolf pack size related to arctic hare numbers","docAbstract":"During the summers of 2000 through 2006, I counted arctic wolf (Canis lupus arctos) pups and adults in a pack, arctic hares (Lepus arcticus) along a 9 km index route in the area, and muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in a 250 km2 part of the area near Eureka (80?? N, 86?? W), Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Adult wolf numbers did not correlate with muskox numbers, but they were positively related (r2 = 0.89; p < 0.01) to an arctic hare index. This is the first report relating wolf numbers to non-ungulate prey. ?? The Arctic Institute of North America.","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic222","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., 2007, Annual arctic wolf pack size related to arctic hare numbers: Arctic, v. 60, no. 3, p. 309-311, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic222.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"311","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487682,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic222","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238604,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec1ee4b0c8380cd490ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030961,"text":"70030961 - 2007 - Reactivation of a cryptobiotic stream ecosystem in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: A long-term geomorphological experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030961","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactivation of a cryptobiotic stream ecosystem in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: A long-term geomorphological experiment","docAbstract":"The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica contain many glacial meltwater streams that flow for 6 to 12??weeks during the austral summer and link the glaciers to the lakes on the valley floors. Dry valley streams gain solutes longitudinally through weathering reactions and microbial processes occurring in the hyporheic zone. Some streams have thriving cyanobacterial mats. In streams with regular summer flow, the mats are freeze-dried through the winter and begin photosynthesizing with the onset of flow. To evaluate the longer term persistence of cyanobacterial mats, we diverted flow to an abandoned channel, which had not received substantial flow for approximately two decades. Monitoring of specific conductance showed that for the first 3??years after the diversion, the solute concentrations were greater in the reactivated channel than in most other dry valley streams. We observed that cyanobacterial mats became abundant in the reactivated channel within a week, indicating that the mats had been preserved in a cryptobiotic state in the channel. Over the next several years, these mats had high rates of productivity and nitrogen fixation compared to mats from other streams. Experiments in which mats from the reactivated channel and another stream were incubated in water from both of the streams indicated that the greater solute concentrations in the reactivated channel stimulated net primary productivity of mats from both streams. These stream-scale experimental results indicate that the cryptobiotic preservation of cyanobacterial mats in abandoned channels in the dry valleys allows for rapid response of these stream ecosystems to climatic and geomorphological change, similar to other arid zone stream ecosystems. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.025","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Tate, C.M., Andrews, E., Niyogi, D., Cozzetto, K., Welch, K., Lyons, W., and Capone, D., 2007, Reactivation of a cryptobiotic stream ecosystem in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: A long-term geomorphological experiment: Geomorphology, v. 89, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., p. 186-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.025.","startPage":"186","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211332,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.025"},{"id":238603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1-2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9582e4b0c8380cd81a6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tate, C. M.","contributorId":97147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niyogi, D.K.","contributorId":103816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niyogi","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cozzetto, K.","contributorId":92868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzetto","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Welch, K.","contributorId":20541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lyons, W.B.","contributorId":71319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Capone, D.G.","contributorId":105876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capone","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70030960,"text":"70030960 - 2007 - The impact of time and field conditions on brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA amplification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T11:03:30","indexId":"70030960","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of time and field conditions on brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA amplification","docAbstract":"To establish longevity of faecal DNA samples under varying summer field conditions, we collected 53 faeces from captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) on a restricted vegetation diet. Each faeces was divided, and one half was placed on a warm, dry field site while the other half was placed on a cool, wet field site on Moscow Mountain, Idaho, USA. Temperature, relative humidity, and dew point data were collected on each site, and faeces were sampled for DNA extraction at <1, 3, 6, 14, 30, 45, and 60 days. Faecal DNA sample viability was assessed by attempting PCR amplification of a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus (???150 bp) and a nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite locus (180-200 bp). Time in the field, temperature, and dew point impacted mtDNA and nDNA amplification success with the greatest drop in success rates occurring between 1 and 3 days. In addition, genotyping errors significantly increased over time at both field sites. Based on these results, we recommend collecting samples at frequent transect intervals and focusing sampling efforts during drier portions of the year when possible. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Murphy, M., Kendall, K., Robinson, A., and Waits, L., 2007, The impact of time and field conditions on brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA amplification: Conservation Genetics, v. 8, no. 5, p. 1219-1224, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1219","endPage":"1224","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211331,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9264-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -108.38012695312499,\n 44.15856343854312\n ],\n [\n -108.38012695312499,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -111.016845703125,\n 42.09007006868398\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baceee4b08c986b323852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, M.A.","contributorId":65214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, A.","contributorId":60011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, L.P.","contributorId":58987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030956,"text":"70030956 - 2007 - Geochemical evidence for African dust inputs to soils of western Atlantic islands: Barbados, the Bahamas, and Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030956","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for African dust inputs to soils of western Atlantic islands: Barbados, the Bahamas, and Florida","docAbstract":"We studied soils on high-purity limestones of Quaternary age on the western Atlantic Ocean islands of Barbados, the Florida Keys, and the Bahamas. Potential soil parent materials in this region, external to the carbonate substrate, include volcanic ash from the island of St. Vincent (near Barbados), volcanic ash from the islands of Dominica and St. Lucia (somewhat farther from Barbados), the fine-grained component of distal loess from the lower Mississippi River Valley, and wind-transported dust from Africa. These four parent materials can be differentiated using trace elements (Sc, Cr, Th, and Zr) and rare earth elements that have minimal mobility in the soil-forming environment. Barbados soils have compositions that indicate a complex derivation. Volcanic ash from the island of St. Vincent appears to have been the most important influence, but African dust is a significant contributor, and even Mississippi River valley loess may be a very minor contributor to Barbados soils. Soils on the Florida Keys and islands in the Bahamas appear to have developed mostly from African dust, but Mississippi River valley loess may be a significant contributor. Our results indicate that inputs of African dust are more important to the genesis of soils on islands in the western Atlantic Ocean than previously supposed. We hypothesize that African dust may also be a major contributor to soils on other islands of the Caribbean and to soils in northern South America, central America, Mexico, and the southeastern United States. Dust inputs to subtropical and tropical soils in this region increase both nutrient-holding capacity and nutrient status and thus may be critical in sustaining vegetation. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JF000445","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Budahn, J., Prospero, J., and Carey, S., 2007, Geochemical evidence for African dust inputs to soils of western Atlantic islands: Barbados, the Bahamas, and Florida: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 112, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000445.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486967,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/418","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000445"},{"id":238533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a162ae4b0c8380cd55083","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prospero, J.M.","contributorId":76476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prospero","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carey, S.N.","contributorId":98107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030955,"text":"70030955 - 2007 - Previously undocumented two-year freshwater residency of juvenile coho salmon in Prairie Creek, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030955","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Previously undocumented two-year freshwater residency of juvenile coho salmon in Prairie Creek, California","docAbstract":"Over 2,000 juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags during the fall of 1998 and 1999 in Prairie Creek, California, as part of a study on individual winter growth rates and movement of juvenile coho salmon. During this study, age-2 out-migrants were incidentally observed. Previously, it had been generally assumed that all juvenile coho salmon in northern California streams spend only 1 year in freshwater before out-migrating at age 1 and that a 2-year freshwater life history pattern was found only in the more northerly portions of the species' range. Subsequently, scale analysis of PIT-tagged fish recaptured during spring out-migration was used as a basis for estimating the proportion of out-migrants displaying a 1- or 2-year freshwater residency life history. Twenty-eight percent (28%) of out-migrants captured in spring 2000 displayed a 2-year freshwater residency life history, apparently related to low winter growth rates documented in related research in the study stream. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T06-061.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Bell, E., and Duffy, W., 2007, Previously undocumented two-year freshwater residency of juvenile coho salmon in Prairie Creek, California: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 4, p. 966-970, https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-061.1.","startPage":"966","endPage":"970","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211696,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T06-061.1"},{"id":239037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b7ae4b0c8380cd7e26c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, E.","contributorId":66479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffy, W.G.","contributorId":25506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030951,"text":"70030951 - 2007 - Monitoring and source tracking of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater adjacent to swine production facilities over a 3-year period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030951","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring and source tracking of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater adjacent to swine production facilities over a 3-year period","docAbstract":"To monitor the dissemination of resistance genes into the environment, we determined the occurrence of tetracycline resistance (Tcr) genes in groundwater underlying two swine confinement operations. Monitoring well networks (16 wells at site A and 6 wells at site C) were established around the lagoons at each facility. Groundwater (n = 124) and lagoon (n = 12) samples were collected from the two sites at six sampling times from 2000 through 2003. Total DNA was extracted, and PCR was used to detect seven Tcr genes [tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W), tet(C), tet(H), and tet(Z)]. The concentration of Tcr genes was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. To confirm the Tcr gene source in groundwater, comparative analysis of tet(W) gene sequences was performed on groundwater and lagoon samples. All seven Tcr genes were continually detected in groundwater during the 3-year monitoring period at both sites. At site A, elevated detection frequency and concentration of Tcr genes were observed in the wells located down-gradient of the lagoon. Comparative analysis of tet(W) sequences revealed that the impacted groundwater contained gene sequences almost identical (99.8% identity) to those in the lagoon, but these genes were not found in background libraries. Novel sequence clusters and unique indigenous resistance gene pools were also found in the groundwater. Thus, antibiotic resistance genes in groundwater are affected by swine manure, but they are also part of the indigenous gene pool. Copyright ?? 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1128/AEM.00665-07","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Koike, S., Krapac, I., Oliver, H., Yannarell, A., Chee-Sanford, J.C., Aminov, R., and Mackie, R., 2007, Monitoring and source tracking of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater adjacent to swine production facilities over a 3-year period: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 73, no. 15, p. 4813-4823, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00665-07.","startPage":"4813","endPage":"4823","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477127,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1951052","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211640,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00665-07"},{"id":238967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d8be4b0c8380cd70447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koike, S.","contributorId":88934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koike","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oliver, H.D.","contributorId":20151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yannarell, A.C.","contributorId":56030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yannarell","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chee-Sanford, J. C.","contributorId":45488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chee-Sanford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Aminov, R.I.","contributorId":18931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aminov","given":"R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mackie, R.I.","contributorId":44705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackie","given":"R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030949,"text":"70030949 - 2007 - Analysis of Alaskan burn severity patterns using remotely sensed data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030949","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of Alaskan burn severity patterns using remotely sensed data","docAbstract":"Wildland fire is the dominant large-scale disturbance mechanism in the Alaskan boreal forest, and it strongly influences forest structure and function. In this research, patterns of burn severity in the Alaskan boreal forest are characterised using 24 fires. First, the relationship between burn severity and area burned is quantified using a linear regression. Second, the spatial correlation of burn severity as a function of topography is modelled using a variogram analysis. Finally, the relationship between vegetation type and spatial patterns of burn severity is quantified using linear models where variograms account for spatial correlation. These results show that: 1) average burn severity increases with the natural logarithm of the area of the wildfire, 2) burn severity is more variable in topographically complex landscapes than in flat landscapes, and 3) there is a significant relationship between burn severity and vegetation type in flat landscapes but not in topographically complex landscapes. These results strengthen the argument that differential flammability of vegetation exists in some boreal landscapes of Alaska. Additionally, these results suggest that through feedbacks between vegetation and burn severity, the distribution of forest vegetation through time is likely more stable in flat terrain than it is in areas with more complex topography. ?? IAWF 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1071/WF06034","issn":"10498001","usgsCitation":"Duffy, P., Epting, J., Graham, J., Rupp, T., and McGuire, A., 2007, Analysis of Alaskan burn severity patterns using remotely sensed data: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 16, no. 3, p. 277-284, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF06034.","startPage":"277","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211616,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF06034"},{"id":238935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf9e4b0c8380cd48b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffy, P.A.","contributorId":107493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epting, J.","contributorId":64451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epting","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, J.M.","contributorId":57651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rupp, T.S.","contributorId":66904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030160,"text":"70030160 - 2007 - Establishing a beachhead: A stochastic population model with an Allee effect applied to species invasion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-16T09:34:54","indexId":"70030160","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishing a beachhead: A stochastic population model with an Allee effect applied to species invasion","docAbstract":"We formulated a spatially explicit stochastic population model with an Allee effect in order to explore how invasive species may become established. In our model, we varied the degree of migration between local populations and used an Allee effect with variable birth and death rates. Because of the stochastic component, population sizes below the Allee effect threshold may still have a positive probability for successful invasion. The larger the network of populations, the greater the probability of an invasion occurring when initial population sizes are close to or above the Allee threshold. Furthermore, if migration rates are low, one or more than one patch may be successfully invaded, while if migration rates are high all patches are invaded. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2006.12.006","issn":"00405809","usgsCitation":"Ackleh, A., Allen, L., and Carter, J., 2007, Establishing a beachhead: A stochastic population model with an Allee effect applied to species invasion: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 71, no. 3, p. 290-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2006.12.006.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2006.12.006"},{"id":240700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a62e4b0c8380cd5232a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackleh, A. S.","contributorId":14787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackleh","given":"A. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, L.J.S.","contributorId":78157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"L.J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, J. 0000-0003-0110-0284 carterj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-0284","contributorId":81839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"carterj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030948,"text":"70030948 - 2007 - Simulation and observations of annual density banding in skeletons of Montastraea (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) growing under thermal stress associated with ocean warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030948","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation and observations of annual density banding in skeletons of Montastraea (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) growing under thermal stress associated with ocean warming","docAbstract":"We present a model of annual density banding in skeletons of Montastraea coral species growing under thermal stress associated with an ocean-warming scenario. The model predicts that at sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) <29??C, high-density bands (HDBs) are formed during the warmest months of the year. As temperature rises and oscillates around the optimal calcification temperature, an annual doublet in the HDB (dHDB) occurs that consists of two narrow HDBs. The presence of such dHDBs in skeletons of Montastraea species is a clear indication of thermal stress. When all monthly SSTs exceed the optimal calcification temperature, HDBs form during the coldest, not the warmest, months of the year. In addition, a decline in mean-annual calcification rate also occurs during this period of elevated SST. A comparison of our model results with annual density patterns observed in skeletons of M. faveolata and M. franksi, collected from several localities in the Mexican Caribbean, indicates that elevated SSTs are already resulting in the presence of dHDBs as a first sign of thermal stress, which occurs even without coral bleaching. ?? 2007, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Worum, F., Carricart-Ganivet, J.P., Benson, L., and Golicher, D., 2007, Simulation and observations of annual density banding in skeletons of Montastraea (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) growing under thermal stress associated with ocean warming: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 52, no. 5, p. 2317-2323.","startPage":"2317","endPage":"2323","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fe7e4b08c986b3191e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worum, F.P.","contributorId":84152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worum","given":"F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carricart-Ganivet, J. P.","contributorId":90105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carricart-Ganivet","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golicher, D.","contributorId":26876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golicher","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030946,"text":"70030946 - 2007 - River enhancement in the Upper Mississippi River basin: Approaches based on river uses, alterations, and management agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030946","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River enhancement in the Upper Mississippi River basin: Approaches based on river uses, alterations, and management agencies","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi River is characterized by a series of locks and dams, shallow impoundments, and thousands of river channelization structures that facilitate commercial navigation between Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Cairo, Illinois. Agriculture and urban development over the past 200 years have degraded water quality and increased the rate of sediment and nutrient delivery to surface waters. River enhancement has become an important management tool employed to address causes and effects of surface water degradation and river modification in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. We report information on individual river enhancement projects and contrast project densities, goals, activities, monitoring, and cost between commercially non-navigated and navigated rivers (Non-navigated and Navigated Rivers, respectively). The total number of river enhancement projects collected during this effort was 62,108. Cost of all projects reporting spending between 1972 and 2006 was about US$1.6 billion. Water quality management was the most cited project goal within the basin. Other important goals in Navigated Rivers included in-stream habitat improvement and flow modification. Most projects collected for Non-navigated Rivers and their watersheds originated from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the USDA were important sources for projects in Navigated Rivers. Collaborative efforts between agencies that implement projects in Non-navigated and Navigated Rivers may be needed to more effectively address river impairment. However, the current state of data sources tracking river enhancement projects deters efficient and broad-scale integration. ?? Journal compilation ?? 2007 Society for Ecological Restoration International.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00249.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, T.K., and Galat, D., 2007, River enhancement in the Upper Mississippi River basin: Approaches based on river uses, alterations, and management agencies: Restoration Ecology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 538-549, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00249.x.","startPage":"538","endPage":"549","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211589,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00249.x"},{"id":238901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadace4b0c8380cd86f52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, T. K.","contributorId":27258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033320,"text":"70033320 - 2007 - Online catalog of world-wide test sites for the post-launch characterization and calibration of optical sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T15:12:44.571335","indexId":"70033320","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Online catalog of world-wide test sites for the post-launch characterization and calibration of optical sensors","docAbstract":"In an era when the number of Earth-observing satellites is rapidly growing and measurements from these sensors are used to answer increasingly urgent global issues, it is imperative that scientists and decision-makers rely on the accuracy of Earth-observing data products. The characterization and calibration of these sensors are vital to achieve an integrated Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) for coordinated and sustained observations of Earth. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as a supporting member of Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) and GEOSS, worked with partners around the world to establish an online catalogue of prime candidate world-wide test sites for the post-launch characterization and calibration of space-based optical imaging sensors. The online catalogue provides easy public web site access to this vital information for the global community. This paper further describes the catalogue, the test sites, and the methodologies to utilize the test sites. It also provides information regarding access to the online catalogue and plans for further development of the catalogue in cooperation with calibration specialists from agencies and organizations around the world. Through greater access to and understanding of these vital test sites and their use, the validity and utility of information gained from Earth remote sensing will continue to improve.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Astronautical Federation - 58th International Astronautical Congress 2007","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"58th International Astronautical Congress 2007","conferenceDate":"Sep 24-28, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Hyderabad, India","language":"English","publisher":"The International Astronautical Federation","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Christopherson, J., Stensaas, G.L., and Teillet, P., 2007, Online catalog of world-wide test sites for the post-launch characterization and calibration of optical sensors, in International Astronautical Federation - 58th International Astronautical Congress 2007, v. 3, Hyderabad, India, Sep 24-28, 2007, p. 2043-2051.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2043","endPage":"2051","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400759,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iafastro.directory/iac/archive/browse/IAC-07/B1/1/7585/"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e41e4b0c8380cd7556a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christopherson, J.B. 0000-0002-2472-0059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-0059","contributorId":13816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopherson","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stensaas, G. L. 0000-0001-6679-2416","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2416","contributorId":25770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stensaas","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teillet, P.M.","contributorId":23717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teillet","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}