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No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of impervious surfaces","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","doi":"10.1201/9781420043754.ch3","usgsCitation":"Xian, G., 2007, Mapping impervious surfaces using classification and regression tree algorithm, chap. of Remote sensing of impervious surfaces, p. 39-58, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420043754.ch3.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"39","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b1543be4b01ccd54fc5ea9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weng, Q.","contributorId":182521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weng","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671699,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Xian, G. 0000-0001-5674-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":65656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031172,"text":"70031172 - 2007 - Estimating fishing mortality, natural mortality, and selectivity using recoveries from tagging young fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031172","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating fishing mortality, natural mortality, and selectivity using recoveries from tagging young fish","docAbstract":"Current methods for estimation of age- and year-specific instantaneous mortality rates based on multiyear, multiple-age tagging studies assume that it is feasible to tag fish in a wide range of ages. For some species, however, only the youngest one or two age-classes are readily available for tagging. Given the practical advantages of tagging young fish only, an important question is whether such studies would provide the information needed for estimation of age-dependent mortality rates. We investigated three designs: tagging only the youngest available age-class, tagging the two youngest age-classes, and tagging the first five age-classes. We carried out simulation studies to assess estimator performance under these three designs, in each case assuming the same total number of tagged fish. Data were generated assuming fishing mortality rates to be age and year dependent and natural mortality rates to be constant or with limited age dependence. Estimator performance is best when fish are tagged in five age-classes, and tagging fish in the two youngest age-classes shows substantial improvement compared with tagging one age-class only. External information about the tag-reporting rate is necessary to obtain estimators with reasonable properties, especially in the case of models with age-dependent natural mortality. Such information can be obtained from auxiliary studies by means of high-reward tags or planted tags. Collecting recovery information for several additional years after the last release produces small improvements in precision and bias. If tagging fish in multiple age-classes is impractical, reasonable precision can be obtained by tagging one or preferably two age-classes and obtaining supplemental information on the reporting rate. For illustration, estimates of age-dependent fishing and natural mortality rates were obtained from tag returns on Chesapeake Bay striped bass Morone saxatilis tagged at ages 3 and 4 years. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M06-127.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Jiang, H., Brownie, C., Hightower, J., and Pollock, K.H., 2007, Estimating fishing mortality, natural mortality, and selectivity using recoveries from tagging young fish: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 27, no. 3, p. 773-781, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-127.1.","startPage":"773","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211460,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-127.1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b1be4b0c8380cd5258e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, H.","contributorId":83731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174216,"text":"70174216 - 2007 - Analysis of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) reproductive tract: A methods manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T14:39:55","indexId":"70174216","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":295,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"MMM 2007-002","title":"Analysis of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) reproductive tract: A methods manual","docAbstract":"

Reproduction in the female sea otter, Enhydra lutris, was relatively unstudied until Sinha et al. (1966) examined 140 reproductive tracts collected 1955-62 and used their findings to describe sea otter reproductive anatomy and biology. Two years later Sinha and Conaway (1968) published a more detailed paper on the ovary of the sea otter. These descriptive papers have been used as the basis for all subsequent studies of sea otter reproductive tracts.

\n

During biological collections of sea otters in the 1960s and 70s a large number of female carcasses became available to wildlife biologists. Using Sinha’s research, Schneider (1973) analyzed 1,482 female reproductive tracts to determine the timing of reproduction, gestation period, age of sexual maturity, fetal sex ratio and growth rate of otters in the Aleutian Islands. A similar study was conducted by Bodkin et al. (1993) on a sample of 177 females collected after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Recently (von Biela 2007) examined 134 reproductive tracts obtained from beachcast and harvested otters across the three Alaskan population stocks as part of a Master’s thesis.

\n

As with most life history data, comparisons among and within populations that differ in status relative to equilibrium densities provide useful data with which to test hypotheses about the cause and effects of changes in demographic rates such as reproductive rate. However, in order to make such comparisons, methods used in different periods must be comparable. The purpose of this manual is to explicitly describe how to collect and analyze sea otter reproductive tracts for the determination of reproductive rate, pregnancy rate, percentage of mature females, and timing of reproduction so that the data will be directly comparable to that collected in the past. The techniques presented in this manual have been used to study sea otter populations over the last 50 years, and maintaining such consistency is essential to comparisons in the future.

\n

This manual is based on the methods of previous researchers and draws heavily on the published and unpublished works of James Bodkin, Karl Kenyon, Calvin Lensink, Daniel Mulcahy, Karl Schneider, and Akhouri Sinha. Most invaluable to the production of this manual were the direct communications with Karl Schneider and Dan Mulcahy. In each instance, researchers have communicated with each other to attain comparable methods. Recognizing that researchers in the future may not have this luxury, this guide has been produced to preserve the technique. In addition to using this manual, researchers should consult with colleagues experienced in the analysis of mammalian reproductive tracts, preferably specific to sea otters. Individuals are encouraged to contact V. von Biela with any questions.

\n

Sea otter reproductive tracts have most commonly come from either intentional sampling through harvests (Sinah et al. 1966, Schneider 1975) or unintentional large scale mortalities (e.g. the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill) (Bodkin et al. 1993). Carcasses and reproductive tracts can also be obtained through the collection of fresh beach cast carcasses. Analysis of reproductive tracts should consider the source of carcasses as samples representing either the “living” or “dead” sea otter population, as they may differ in reproductive parameters. In most cases the reproductive tracts are fixed in formalin or frozen (minimum of –20˚C) immediately after collection; both methods are acceptable for later analysis of the tissue. Immediate fixation is preferred as it is a necessary step in analysis. Uteri and ovaries are then examined to determine the current and past reproductive history of each individual. This manual also includes an example datasheet (Appendix A) and glossary (Appendix B). 

","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Mammals Management","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., and Gill, V., 2007, Analysis of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) reproductive tract: A methods manual: Technical Report MMM 2007-002, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f19de4b07dd077c697d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Verena A.","contributorId":140658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Verena A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031179,"text":"70031179 - 2007 - Rainfall limit of the N cycle on Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T11:49:58.222091","indexId":"70031179","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall limit of the N cycle on Earth","docAbstract":"

In most climates on Earth, biological processes control soil N. In the Atacama Desert of Chile, aridity severely limits biology, and soils accumulate atmospheric NO3−. We examined this apparent transformation of the soil N cycle using a series of ancient Atacama Desert soils (>2 My) that vary in rainfall (21 to <2 mm yr−1). With decreasing rainfall, soil organic C decreases to 0.3 kg C m−2 and biological activity becomes minimal, while soil NO3− and organic N increase to 4 kg N m−2 and 1.4 kg N m−2, respectively. Atmospheric NO3− (Δ17O = 23.0‰) increases from 39% to 80% of total soil NO3− as rainfall decreases. These soils capture the transition from a steady state, biologically mediated soil N cycle to a dominantly abiotic, transient state of slowly accumulating atmospheric N. This transition suggests that oxidized soil N may be present in an even more arid and abiotic environment: Mars.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006GB002838","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Ewing, S.A., Michalski, G., Thiemens, M., Quinn, R., Macalady, J.L., Kohl, S., Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., McKay, C.P., and Amundson, R., 2007, Rainfall limit of the N cycle on Earth: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 21, no. 3, GB3009, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002838.","productDescription":"GB3009, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9461e4b0c8380cd81396","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, Stephanie A.","contributorId":50065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michalski, Greg","contributorId":187898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michalski","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28086,"text":"University of California San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiemens, Mark","contributorId":187899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiemens","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28086,"text":"University of California San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinn, R.C.","contributorId":30437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Macalady, J. L.","contributorId":95600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macalady","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kohl, S.","contributorId":68531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McKay, Christopher P","contributorId":191268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKay","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Amundson, Ronald","contributorId":59925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70034384,"text":"70034384 - 2007 - Geophysical data integration and conditional uncertainty analysis on hydraulic conductivity estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034384","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical data integration and conditional uncertainty analysis on hydraulic conductivity estimation","docAbstract":"Integration of various geophysical data is essential to better understand aquifer heterogeneity. However, data integration is challenging because there are different levels of support between primary and secondary data needed to be correlated in various ways. This study proposes a geostatistical method to integrate the hydraulic conductivity measurements and electrical resistivity data to better estimate the hydraulic conductivity (K) distribution. The K measurements are obtained from the pumping tests and represent the primary data (hard data). The borehole electrical resistivity data from electrical logs are regarded as the secondary data (soft data). The electrical resistivity data is used to infer hydraulic conductivity values through the Archie law and Kozeny-Carman equation. A pseudo cross-semivariogram is developed to cope with the resistivity data non-collocation. Uncertainty in the auto-semivariograms and pseudo cross-semivariogram is quantified. The methodology is demonstrated by a real-world case study where the hydraulic conductivity is estimated in the Upper Chicot aquifer of Southwestern Louisiana. The groundwater responses by the cokriging and cosimulation of hydraulic conductivity are compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). ?? 2007 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns - Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006: Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns","conferenceDate":"21 May 2006 through 25 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Omaha, NE","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40856(200)128","isbn":"0784408564; 9780784408568","usgsCitation":"Rahman, A., Tsai, F., White, C., Carlson, D., and Willson, C.S., 2007, Geophysical data integration and conditional uncertainty analysis on hydraulic conductivity estimation, in Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns - Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006, Omaha, NE, 21 May 2006 through 25 May 2006, https://doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)128.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)128"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a281be4b0c8380cd59e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rahman, A.","contributorId":93171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, F.T.-C.","contributorId":28343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"F.T.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, C.D.","contributorId":46664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, D.A.","contributorId":56856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willson, C. S.","contributorId":90440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031182,"text":"70031182 - 2007 - Distributions of pharmaceuticals in an urban estuary during both dry- and wet-weather conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031182","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distributions of pharmaceuticals in an urban estuary during both dry- and wet-weather conditions","docAbstract":"Pharmaceuticals and selected major human metabolites are ubiquitous in Jamaica Bay, a wastewater-impacted estuary at concentrations in the low ng/L to low ??g/L range. Concentrations throughout the bay are often consistent with conservative behavior during dry-weather conditions, as evidenced by nearly linear concentration-salinity relationships. Deviation from conservative behavior is noted for some pharmaceuticals and attributed to microbial degradation. Caffeine, cotinine, nicotine, and paraxanthine were detected with the greatest analytical signal, although evidence is presented for in situ removal, especially for nicotine and caffeine. There is little evidence for significant removal of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole, suggesting they are more conservative and useful wastewater tracers. Immediately following heavy precipitation, which induced a combined sewer overflow (CSO) event, the concentrations of all compounds but acetaminophen and nicotine decreased or disappeared. This observation is consistent with a simple model illustrating the effect of precipitation has on pharmaceutical concentration in the wastewater stream, given the balance between dilution from rain and the bypass of treatment. ?? 2007 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0629965","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Benotti, M., and Brownawell, B., 2007, Distributions of pharmaceuticals in an urban estuary during both dry- and wet-weather conditions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 16, p. 5795-5802, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0629965.","startPage":"5795","endPage":"5802","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211493,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0629965"},{"id":238789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0329e4b0c8380cd50388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benotti, M.J.","contributorId":21750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benotti","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownawell, Bruce J.","contributorId":108264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownawell","given":"Bruce J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175149,"text":"70175149 - 2007 - USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-01T12:38:38","indexId":"70175149","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States","docAbstract":"

The growth in the use of Geographic \u0018nformation Systems (G\u0018S) has highlighted the need for regional and national digital geologic maps attributed with age and rock type information. Such spatial data can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for purposes that include mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, human health and environmental research. \u0018n 1997, the United States Geological Survey’s Mineral Resources Program initiated an effort to develop national digital databases for use in mineral resource and environmental assessments. One primary activity of this effort was to compile a national digital geologic map database, utilizing state geologic maps, to support mineral resource studies in the range of 1:250,000- to 1:1,000,000-scale. Over the course of the past decade, state databases were prepared using a common standard for the database structure, fields, attributes, and data dictionaries. As of late 2006, standardized geological map databases for all conterminous (CONUS) states have been available on-line as USGS Open-File Reports. For Alaska and Hawaii, new state maps are being prepared, and the preliminary work for Alaska is being released as a series of 1:500,000-scale regional compilations. See below for a list of all published databases.

","conferenceTitle":"Digital Mapping Techniques '06","conferenceDate":"June 11-14, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Columbus, OH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, S.W., Stoeser, D.B., Wilson, F.H., Dicken, C., and Ludington, S., 2007, USGS national surveys and analysis projects: Preliminary compilation of integrated geological datasets for the United States, Digital Mapping Techniques '06, Columbus, OH, June 11-14, 2006, p. 1-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/pdf/Nicholson.pdf","text":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1285/pdf/Nicholson.pdf","size":"18KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a072c0e4b060ce18fb2e62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoeser, Douglas B. dstoeser@usgs.gov","contributorId":1821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"Douglas","email":"dstoeser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dicken, Connie L. cdicken@usgs.gov","contributorId":4714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dicken","given":"Connie L.","email":"cdicken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":644100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031183,"text":"70031183 - 2007 - Distribution and sedimentary characteristics of tsunami deposits along the Cascadia margin of western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T12:08:53.278746","indexId":"70031183","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and sedimentary characteristics of tsunami deposits along the Cascadia margin of western North America","docAbstract":"

Tsunami deposits have been found at more than 60 sites along the Cascadia margin of Western North America, and here we review and synthesize their distribution and sedimentary characteristics based on the published record. Cascadia tsunami deposits are best preserved, and most easily identified, in low-energy coastal environments such as tidal marshes, back-barrier marshes and coastal lakes where they occur as anomalous layers of sand within peat and mud. They extend up to a kilometer inland in open coastal settings and several kilometers up river valleys. They are distinguished from other sediments by a combination of sedimentary character and stratigraphic context. Recurrence intervals range from 300–1000 years with an average of 500–600 years. The tsunami deposits have been used to help evaluate and mitigate tsunami hazards in Cascadia. They show that the Cascadia subduction zone is prone to great earthquakes that generate large tsunamis. The inclusion of tsunami deposits on inundation maps, used in conjunction with results from inundation models, allows a more accurate assessment of areas subject to tsunami inundation. The application of sediment transport models can help estimate tsunami flow velocity and wave height, parameters which are necessary to help establish evacuation routes and plan development in tsunami prone areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.015","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Peters, R., Jaffe, B., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2007, Distribution and sedimentary characteristics of tsunami deposits along the Cascadia margin of western North America: Sedimentary Geology, v. 200, no. 3-4, p. 372-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.015.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"372","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.6166614676623,\n 52.881187131331274\n ],\n [\n -136.6166614676623,\n 31.849072264275435\n ],\n [\n -116.23478137033058,\n 31.849072264275435\n ],\n [\n -116.23478137033058,\n 52.881187131331274\n ],\n [\n -136.6166614676623,\n 52.881187131331274\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"200","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02a0e4b0c8380cd5012c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, R.","contributorId":51875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, B.","contributorId":78517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70161144,"text":"70161144 - 2007 - Exploring the temporal effects of seasonal water availability on the snail kite of Florida: Part III","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T16:14:20","indexId":"70161144","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Exploring the temporal effects of seasonal water availability on the snail kite of Florida: Part III","docAbstract":"

The Florida snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) is an endangered raptor that occurs as an isolated population, currently of about 2,000 birds, in the wetlands of southern and central Florida, USA. Its exclusive prey species, the apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) is strongly influenced by seasonal changes in water abundance. Droughts during the snail kite breeding season have a direct negative effect on snail kite survival and reproduction, but droughts are also needed to maintain aquatic vegetation types favorable to snail kite foraging for snails. We used a spatially explicit matrix model to explore the effects of temporal variation in water levels on the viability of the snail kite population under different temporal drought regimes in its wetland breeding habitat. We focused on three aspects of variations in water levels that were likely to affect kites: (1) drought frequency; (2) drought duration; and (3) drought timing within the year. We modeled a 31-year historical scenario using four different scenarios in which the average water level was maintained constant, but the amplitude of water level fluctuations was modified. Our results reveal the complexity of the effects of temporal variation in water levels on snail kite population dynamics. Management implications of these results are discussed. In particular, management decisions should not be based on annual mean water levels alone, but must consider the intra-annual variability.

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kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":584921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":127811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":584922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168633,"text":"70168633 - 2007 - Response of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change: The Western Mountain Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:56:23","indexId":"70168633","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5057,"text":"Mountain Views","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change: The Western Mountain Initiative","docAbstract":"

Mountain ecosystems within our national parks and other protected areas provide valuable goods and services such as clean water, biodiversity conservation, and recreational opportunities, but their potential responses to expected climatic changes are inadequately understood. The Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) is a collaboration of scientists whose research focuses on understanding and predicting responses of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change. It is a legacy of the Global Change Research Program initiated by the National Park Service (NPS) in 1991 and continued by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to this day as part of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (http://www.climatescience.gov/). All WMI scientists are active participants in CIRMOUNT, and seek to further its goals.

","language":"English","publisher":"Consortium for Integrated Climate Research in Western Mountains","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, N.L., Peterson, D., Fagre, D.B., Allen, C.D., McKenzie, D., Baron, J., and O’Brian, K., 2007, Response of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change: The Western Mountain Initiative: Mountain Views, v. 1, no. 1, p. 4-9.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/cirmount/publications/pdf/Mtn_Views_jan_07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913e6e4b07657d19ff257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Dave","contributorId":167110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenzie, Donald","contributorId":81792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Brian, Kelly","contributorId":167111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brian","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70146528,"text":"70146528 - 2007 - Bedload research international cooperative: BRIC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-16T10:03:42","indexId":"70146528","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bedload research international cooperative: BRIC","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on River Sedimentation, August 1-4, 2007, Moscow, Russia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Moscow State University","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.R., Laronne, J.B., and Osterkamp, W., 2007, Bedload research international cooperative: BRIC, in Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on River Sedimentation, August 1-4, 2007, Moscow, Russia, v. III, p. 120-125.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"125","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"III","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5530dd2ae4b0b22a15806156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laronne, Jonathan B.","contributorId":8778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laronne","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osterkamp, Waite wroster@usgs.gov","contributorId":2515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"Waite","email":"wroster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":545057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030003,"text":"70030003 - 2007 - The role of natural vegetative disturbance in determining stream reach characteristics in central Idaho and western Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T07:30:49","indexId":"70030003","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of natural vegetative disturbance in determining stream reach characteristics in central Idaho and western Montana","docAbstract":"

We evaluated the relationship between natural vegetative disturbance and changes in stream habitat and macroinvertebrate metrics within 33 randomly selected minimally managed watersheds in central Idaho and western Montana. Changes in stream reach conditions were related to vegetative disturbance for the time periods from 1985 to 1993 and 1993 to 2000, respectively, at the following three spatial scales; within the stream buffer and less than 1 km from the evaluated reach, within the watershed and within 1 km of the stream reach, and within the watershed. Data for stream reaches were based on field surveys and vegetative disturbance was generated for the watershed above the sampled reach using remotely sensed data and geographical information systems. Large scale (>100 ha) vegetative disturbance was common within the study area. Even though natural vegetative disturbance rates were high, we found that few of the measured attributes were related to the magnitude of vegetative disturbance. The three physical habitat attributes that changed significantly were sinuosity, median particle size, and percentage of undercut bank; each was related to the disturbance in the earlier (1985-1993) time frame. There was a significant relationship between changes in two macroinvertebrate metrics, abundance and percent collectors/filterers, and the magnitude of disturbance during the more recent time period (1993-2000). We did not find a consistent relationship between the location of the disturbance within the watershed and changes in stream conditions. Our findings suggest that natural vegetative disturbance within the northern Rocky Mountains is complex but likely does not result in substantial short-term changes in the characteristics of most stream reaches. ?? 2007 by the Northwest Scientific Association. All rights reserved.

","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/0029-344X-81.3.224","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Roper, B., Jarvis, B., and Kershner, J.L., 2007, The role of natural vegetative disturbance in determining stream reach characteristics in central Idaho and western Montana: Northwest Science, v. 81, no. 3, p. 224-238, https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-81.3.224.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 44.134913443750726\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf88e4b08c986b324883","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roper, B.B.","contributorId":65280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roper","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarvis, B.","contributorId":69785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kershner, J. L.","contributorId":100322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030327,"text":"70030327 - 2007 - Effect of tidal fluctuations on contaminant transfer to the ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030327","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effect of tidal fluctuations on contaminant transfer to the ocean","docAbstract":"Variable-density groundwater flow was simulated to examine the effects that tide has on the coastward migration of a contaminant through a freshwater/saltwater interface and toward a coastal ocean boundary. Simulated ocean tides did not significantly affect the total contaminant mass input to the ocean; however, the difference in tidal and non-tidal simulated concentrations could be as much as 15%. It may be possible to numerically approximate the tidal-driven hydraulic transients in transport models that do not explicitly include tides by locally increasing dispersivity. Copyright ?? 2007 IAHS Press.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium: A New Focus on Groundwater - Seawater Interactions - 24th General Assembly of the In","conferenceDate":"2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007","conferenceLocation":"Perugia","language":"English","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502046","usgsCitation":"Licata, I., Langevin, C., and Dausman, A., 2007, Effect of tidal fluctuations on contaminant transfer to the ocean, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 312, Perugia, 2 July 2007 through 13 July 2007, p. 334-340.","startPage":"334","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0625e4b0c8380cd51105","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Licata, I.L.","contributorId":27260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licata","given":"I.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dausman, A.M.","contributorId":99373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dausman","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030070,"text":"70030070 - 2007 - Biodegradation of PAHs and PCBs in soils and sludges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030070","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradation of PAHs and PCBs in soils and sludges","docAbstract":"Results from a multi-year, pilot-scale land treatment project for PAHs and PCBs biodegradation were evaluated. A mathematical model, capable of describing sorption, sequestration, and biodegradation in soil/water systems, is applied to interpret the efficacy of a sequential active-passive biotreatment process of organic chemicals on remediation sites. To account for the recalcitrance of PAHs and PCBs in soils and sludges during long-term biotreatment, this model comprises a kinetic equation for organic chemical intraparticle sequestration process. Model responses were verified by comparison to measurements of biodegradation of PAHs and PCBs in land treatment units; a favorable match was found between them. Model simulations were performed to predict on-going biodegradation behavior of PAHs and PCBs in land treatment units. Simulation results indicate that complete biostabilization will be achieved when the concentration of reversibly sorbed chemical (S RA) reduces to undetectable levels, with a certain amount of irreversibly sequestrated residual chemical (S IA) remaining within the soil particle solid phase. The residual fraction (S IA) tends to lose its original chemical and biological activity, and hence, is much less available, toxic, and mobile than the \"free\" compounds. Therefore, little or no PAHs and PCBs will leach from the treatment site and constitutes no threat to human health or the environment. Biotreatment of PAHs and PCBs can be terminated accordingly. Results from the pilot-scale testing data and model calculations also suggest that a significant fraction (10-30%) of high-molecular-weight PAHs and PCBs could be sequestrated and become unavailable for biodegradation. Bioavailability (large K d , i.e., slow desorption rate) is the key factor limiting the PAHs degradation. However, both bioavailability and bioactivity (K in Monod kinetics, i.e., number of microbes, nutrients, and electron acceptor, etc.) regulate PCBs biodegradation. The sequential active-passive biotreatment can be a cost-effective approach for remediation of highly hydrophobic organic contaminants. The mathematical model proposed here would be useful in the design and operation of such organic chemical biodegradation processes on remediation sites. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-006-9299-3","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Liu, L., Tindall, J., and Friedel, M., 2007, Biodegradation of PAHs and PCBs in soils and sludges: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 181, no. 1-4, p. 281-296, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9299-3.","startPage":"281","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212727,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9299-3"},{"id":240259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"181","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f146e4b0c8380cd4ab4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, L.","contributorId":18481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029895,"text":"70029895 - 2007 - Holocene sea-level oscillations and environmental changes on the Eastern Black Sea shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029895","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene sea-level oscillations and environmental changes on the Eastern Black Sea shelf","docAbstract":"A multi-proxy study of four sediment cores from the Eastern (Caucasian) Black Sea shelf revealed five transgressive-regressive cycles overprinted on the general trend of glacioeustatic sea-level rise during the last 11,000??14C yr. These cycles are well represented in micro-and macrofossil assemblages, sedimentation rates, and grain size variations. The oldest recovered sediments were deposited in the Neoeuxinian semi-freshwater basin (??? 10,500-9000??14C yr BP) and contain a Caspian-type mollusk fauna dominated by Dreissena rostriformis. Low ??18O and ??13C values are measured on this species. The first appearance of marine mollusks and ostracodes from the Mediterranean is established in this part of the Black Sea at ??? 8200??14C yr BP, i.e., about 1000-2000??yr later than the appearance of marine microfossils in the deeper part of the sea. The Early Holocene (Bugazian to Vityazevian) condensed section of shell and shelly mud sediments with at least two hiatuses represent a high-energy shelf-edge facies. It contains a transitional assemblage representing a mixture of Caspian and Mediterranean fauna. This pattern suggests a dual-flow regime via the Bosphorus after 8200??14C yr BP. Caspian species disappear and oligohaline species decrease in abundance during the Vityazevian-Prekalamitian cycle. Later, during the Middle to Late Holocene, low sea-level stands are characterized by shell layers, whereas silty mud with various mollusk and ostracode assemblages rapidly accumulated during transgressions. Restricted mud accumulation, as well as benthic faunal composition and abundance, suggest high-energy and well-ventilated bottom water during low sea-level stands. A trend of 18O enrichment in mollusk shells points to an increase in bottom-water salinity during the Vityazevian to Kalamitian transgressions (??? 7000 to 5700??14C yr BP) due to a more open connection with the Mediterranean, while a pronounced increase in polyhaline species abundance is established during the Kalamitian to Djemetean transgressions (??? 6400 to 2700??14C yr BP). However, the composition of the faunal assemblage indicates that bottom-water salinity never exceeded modern values of 18-20??psu. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.09.014","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Ivanova, E., Murdmaa, I., Chepalyga, A., Cronin, T.M., Pasechnik, I., Levchenko, O., Howe, S.S., Manushkina, A., and Platonova, E., 2007, Holocene sea-level oscillations and environmental changes on the Eastern Black Sea shelf: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 246, no. 2-4, p. 228-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.09.014.","startPage":"228","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212658,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.09.014"},{"id":240180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"246","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31f1e4b0c8380cd5e399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanova, E.V.","contributorId":6259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanova","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdmaa, I.O.","contributorId":6260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdmaa","given":"I.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chepalyga, A.L.","contributorId":39200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chepalyga","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pasechnik, I.V.","contributorId":17427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pasechnik","given":"I.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Levchenko, O.V.","contributorId":84563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levchenko","given":"O.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Howe, S. S.","contributorId":103293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Manushkina, A.V.","contributorId":85776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manushkina","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Platonova, E.A.","contributorId":105918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platonova","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70030173,"text":"70030173 - 2007 - Postseismic relaxation and aftershocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T12:05:55.443136","indexId":"70030173","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postseismic relaxation and aftershocks","docAbstract":"

[1] Perfettini et al. (2005) suggested that the temporal dependence of surface displacements u(t) measured in the epicentral area following an earthquake is related to N(t), the cumulative number of aftershocks, by the equation u(t) = a + bt + cN(t) + d(1 − e−αt), where a, b, c, d, and α are constants chosen to fit the data and t is the postearthquake time. N(t) appears in the expression for u(t) because both the aftershocks and a portion of u(t) are thought to be driven by the same source, postseismic fault creep at subseismogenic depths on the downdip extension of the coseismic rupture. We show that this equation with the actually observed N(t) fits the postseismic displacements recorded on several baselines following each of five earthquakes: 1999 M7.6 Chi-Chi (Taiwan), 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine (southern California), 2002 M7.9 Denali (central Alaska), 2003 M6.5 San Simeon (central California), and 2004 M6.0 Parkfield (central California) earthquakes. Although there are plausible physical interpretations for each of the terms in the expression for u(t), the large number of adjustable constants (a, b, c, d, and α) involved in fitting the rather simple postseismic displacements diminishes the significance of the fit. Because the observed N(t) is well fit by the modified Omori's law, fault creep at depth presumably exhibits the same temporal dependence. That dependence could be explained if the rheology of the fault downdip from the coseismic rupture is consistent with ordinary transient creep. Montesi (2004) demonstrated that power law creep across a shear zone at depth would also produce that temporal signal.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006JB004584","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Svarc, J.L., and Yu, S., 2007, Postseismic relaxation and aftershocks: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 112, no. 6, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004584.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e97e4b0c8380cd7a62a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, S.-B.","contributorId":101075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"S.-B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030141,"text":"70030141 - 2007 - Cosmogenic 10Be and 36Cl geochronology of offset alluvial fans along the northern Death Valley fault zone: Implications for transient strain in the eastern California shear zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030141","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cosmogenic 10Be and 36Cl geochronology of offset alluvial fans along the northern Death Valley fault zone: Implications for transient strain in the eastern California shear zone","docAbstract":"The northern Death Valley fault zone (NDVFZ) has long been recognized as a major right-lateral strike-slip fault in the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ). However, its geologic slip rate has been difficult to determine. Using high-resolution digital topographic imagery and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating, we present the first geochronologically determined slip rate for the NDVFZ. Our study focuses on the Red Wall Canyon alluvial fan, which exposes clean dextral offsets of seven channels. Analysis of airborne laser swath mapping data indicates ???297 ?? 9 m of right-lateral displacement on the fault system since the late Pleistocene. In situ terrestrial cosmogenic 10Be and 36C1 geochronology was used to date the Red Wall Canyon fan and a second, correlative fan also cut by the fault. Beryllium 10 dates from large cobbles and boulders provide a maximum age of 70 +22/-20 ka for the offset landforms. The minimum age of the alluvial fan deposits based on 36Cl depth profiles is 63 ?? 8 ka. Combining the offset measurement with the cosmogenic 10Be date yields a geologic fault slip rate of 4.2 +1.9/-1.1 mm yr-1, whereas the 36Cl data indicate 4.7 +0.9/-0.6 mm yr-1 of slip. Summing these slip rates with known rates on the Owens Valley, Hunter Mountain, and Stateline faults at similar latitudes suggests a total geologic slip rate across the northern ECSZ of ???8.5 to 10 mm yr-1. This rate is commensurate with the overall geodetic rate and implies that the apparent discrepancy between geologic and geodetic data observed in the Mojave section of the ECSZ does not extend north of the Garlock fault. Although the overall geodetic rates are similar, the best estimates based on geology predict higher strain rates in the eastern part of the ECSZ than to the west, whereas the observed geodetic strain is relatively constant. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JB004350","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Frankel, K., Brantley, K., Dolan, J., Finkel, R., Klinger, R., Knott, J., Machette, M.N., Owen, L., Phillips, F.M., Slate, J.L., and Wernicke, B., 2007, Cosmogenic 10Be and 36Cl geochronology of offset alluvial fans along the northern Death Valley fault zone: Implications for transient strain in the eastern California shear zone: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 112, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004350.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476955,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jb004350","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004350"},{"id":240370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5fe4b0c8380cd4e25c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, K.L.","contributorId":17050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, K.S.","contributorId":9070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dolan, J.F.","contributorId":64813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finkel, R.C.","contributorId":79677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkel","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klinger, R.E.","contributorId":13807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knott, J.R.","contributorId":26847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Owen, L.A.","contributorId":94836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Phillips, F. M.","contributorId":24493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Slate, J. L.","contributorId":97039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wernicke, B.P.","contributorId":74957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wernicke","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70029981,"text":"70029981 - 2007 - Effect of horseshoe crab spawning density on nest disturbance and exhumation of eggs: A simulation study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T17:25:53.910872","indexId":"70029981","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of horseshoe crab spawning density on nest disturbance and exhumation of eggs: A simulation study","docAbstract":"

Because the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) population is managed to provide for dependent species, such as migratory shorebirds, there is a need to understand the process of egg exhumation and to predict eggs available to foraging shorebirds. A simple spatial model was used to simulate horseshoe crab spawning that would occur on a typical Delaware Bay beach during spring tide cycles to quantify density-dependent nest disturbance. At least 20% of nests and eggs were disturbed for levels of spawning greater than one third of the average density in Delaware Bay during 2004. Nest disturbance increased approximately linearly as spawning density increased from one half to twice the 2004 level. As spawning density increased further, the percentage of eggs that were disturbed reached an asymptote of 70% for densities up to 10 times the density in 2004. Nest disturbance was heaviest in the mid beach zone. Nest disturbance precedes entrainment and begins the process of exhumation of eggs to surface sediments. Model predictions were combined with observations from egg surveys to estimate a snap-shot exhumation rate of 5-9% of disturbed eggs. Because an unknown quantity of eggs were exhumed and removed from the beach prior to the survey, cumulative exhumation rate was likely to have been higher than the snap-shot estimate. Because egg exhumation is density-dependent, in addition to managing for a high population size, identification and conservation of beaches where spawning horseshoe crabs concentrate in high densities (i.e., hot spots) are important steps toward providing a reliable food supply for migratory shorebirds. 

","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/BF02700171","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., 2007, Effect of horseshoe crab spawning density on nest disturbance and exhumation of eggs: A simulation study: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 30, no. 2, p. 287-295, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02700171.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.35522460937499,\n 38.976492485539396\n ],\n [\n -75.2398681640625,\n 38.852542390364235\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 38.843986129756615\n ],\n [\n -75.0421142578125,\n 39.0831721934762\n ],\n [\n -75.1849365234375,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -75.4156494140625,\n 39.142842478062505\n ],\n [\n -75.35522460937499,\n 38.976492485539396\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e9e4b0c8380cd5100b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80808,"text":"ofr20071361 - 2007 - Applying radar technology to migratory bird conservation and management: Strengthening and expanding a collaborative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T16:59:36","indexId":"ofr20071361","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1361","title":"Applying radar technology to migratory bird conservation and management: Strengthening and expanding a collaborative","docAbstract":"

Executive Summary

\n

Understanding the factors affecting migratory bird and bat populations during all three phases of their life cycle—breeding, nonbreeding, and migration—is critical to species conservation planning. This includes the need for information about these species’ responses to natural challenges, as well as information about the effects of human activities and structures. Habitats and other resources critical to migrants during passage and stopover are being destroyed, degraded, and threatened by human activities. Birds and bats are also uniquely susceptible to human use of the airspace. Wind turbines, communication and power transmission towers, and other tall structures, known to cause bird and bat mortality, are being erected or proposed in increasing numbers across the country. In addition, the potential for bird/aircraft collisions poses human safety threats. Management and regulatory agencies, conservation organizations, and industry currently lack the information they need to meet their missions and statutory responsibilities. The biological data available from various radar technologies offer a unique opportunity to learn more about the spatiotemporal distribution patterns, flight characteristics, and habitat use of “aero-fauna.”

\n

Recognizing the opportunities presented by radar technologies, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and university partners collaborated first on individual projects and then in a broader, informal “collaborative” to coordinate their radar-related research and work together to develop the suite of products needed for conservation of birds and bats. Having produced two summary documents (Sojda and others, 2005; Ruth and others, 2005), the next objective was to convene a workshop for researchers, management and regulatory agencies, and other interested parties. The focus of this initial workshop was on strengthening the existing USGS-USFWS-university partnership and expanding the “collaborative” to include new Federal agency partners. The subject matter was centered on discussing available technologies, appropriate applications, management-related needs, and ways to strengthen collaborative research and conservation efforts.

\n

The workshop opened with presentations about the history of the “radar collaborative,” a description of the workshop objectives and focuses, and a summary of resource management and regulatory needs. Scientific presentations describing current research projects or subjects followed, given by USGS scientists, as well as scientists from other Federal agencies, academia, conservation and ornithological organizations, and a private contracting firm. Presenters addressed a wide variety of management issues including siting of wind-power facilities, bird/aircraft collisions, effects of hurricanes Katrina and Rita on bird migration, bird use of Conservation Reserve Program land, defining bird migration patterns at a broad regional scale, and associating migrant birds with their stopover habitats. Presentations described a variety of radar technologies including NEXRAD weather surveillance radar, modified mobile marine radar, military tracking radar, pencil beam radar, and dual polarization radar, as well as complementary techniques and analysis methods such as acoustic monitoring, thermal imaging, artificial intelligence, and individual-based modeling.

\n

Key issues, themes, and questions identified during the open discussions that followed fell into five main categories: (1) agency needs and challenges; (2) radar technology and applications—technical questions and issues; (3) tools and resources for managers and researchers; (4) standardization of protocols; and (5) collaborative opportunities. Participants identified the following management, regulatory, or business issues facing them which may be addressed with radar technologies: tall structures; wind turbines; identification and protection of key habitats; assessment of management activities; and bird/aircraft strikes. Participants frequently expressed the need for specific information about which radar technologies are best used for answering particular questions. User groups emphasized the importance of clear, defensible scientific information on which they can base their activities. In turn, researchers emphasized their need for clearly defined, specific questions from managers so that they can design and conduct the required research. Discussions about technical issues requiring further research and collaboration included target identity, ground-truthing, linking migrants to habitat, and standardized protocols for applied research.

\n

Workshop participants identified and endorsed a series of seven action items that would promote collaboration and begin to address key issues identified at the workshop:

\n

Action Item #1: Establish a working subgroup to address large-scale surveillance radar standardization issues.
Action Item #2: Establish a working subgroup to address small-scale radar standardization issues.
Action Item #3: Bring management and regulatory agencies together to identify the three most important information needs for each key management issue relating to radar technologies.
Action Item #4: Develop Fact Sheet(s) to provide information about radar technology applications to migratory bird and bat conservation issues.
Action Item #5: Create a “radar collaborative” Website to provide information about radar biology applications, contacts, publications, and so forth.
Action Item #6: Formalize and expand the USGS-USFWS “radar collaborative.”
Action Item #7: Advance basic research, such as target identity and validation, which will support and improve our abilities to apply radar technologies to conservation objectives.

\n

There was considerable interest in expanding the “radar collaborative” to include those agencies, organizations, and industries represented at the workshop. It was felt that the publication of the workshop proceedings, implementation of action items, and additional future meetings or workshops will be crucial in strengthening the “radar collaborative” effort and promoting the use of these valuable technologies for conserving migratory species.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071361","usgsCitation":"Ruth, J.M., Manville, A., Larkin, R., Barrow, W., Johnson-Randall, L., Dawson, D.K., Diehl, R.H., Wang, Y., Sojda, R.S., Angryk, R., Klaver, R.W., Mead, R., Paxton, J., Heglund, P.J., Kirsch, E., Suarez, M.J., Robinson, L., Gauthreaux, S.A., Belser, C.G., Franke, S.J., Bruderer, B., Buler, J., Moore, F.R., Mizrahi, D.S., Fogg, R., Kelly, T., Cryan, P.M., Crum, T., Schuur, T.J., Krueper, D., Diehl, R., and Will, T., 2007, Applying radar technology to migratory bird conservation and management: Strengthening and expanding a collaborative: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1361, iv, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071361.","productDescription":"iv, 86 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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Leafpacks were positioned off the easily mobilized channel bed, mimicking litter trapped in debris piles. Organic matter (OM) loss was fastest for leaves collected from the floodplain and placed in the river in spring (k = 0.029/day) and slowest for leaves collected and placed in the river in winter (0.006/day). Macroinvertebrates were most abundant in winter and spring leaves, but seemed important to processing only in spring, when exclusion by fine mesh reduced OM loss by 25% and nitrogen loss by 65% in spring leaves. Macroinvertebrates seemed to have little role in processing of autumn, winter, or summer leaves over the 50-day to 104-day monitoring periods. Desiccation during bouts of low discharge and sediment deposition on leaves limited invertebrate processing in summer and autumn, whereas processing of winter leaves, which supported relatively large numbers of shredders, might have been restricted by ice formation and low water temperatures. These results were consistent with the concept that microbial processing dominates in higher-order rivers, but suggested that macroinvertebrate processing can be locally important in higher-order desert rivers in seasons or years with favorable discharge and water quality conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[219:VROAMI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S.M., and Andersen, D., 2007, Variable role of aquatic macroinvertebrates in initial breakdown of seasonal leaf litter inputs to a cold-desert river: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 52, no. 2, p. 219-228, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[219:VROAMI]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"219","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477098,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[219:vroami]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212852,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[219:VROAMI]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc147e4b08c986b32a4ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, S. M.","contributorId":81853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030015,"text":"70030015 - 2007 - Sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits of the Dian-Qian-Gui area, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces, and Guangxi District, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70030015","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits of the Dian-Qian-Gui area, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces, and Guangxi District, China","docAbstract":"Sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits in the Dian-Qian-Gui area in southwest China are hosted in Paleozoic and early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks along the southwest margin of the Yangtze (South China) Precambrian craton. Most deposits have characteristics similar to Carlin-type Au deposits and are spatially associated, on a regional scale, with deposits of coal, Sb, barite, As, Tl, and Hg. Sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits are disseminated stratabound and(or) structurally controlled. The deposits have many similar characteristics, particularly mineralogy, geochemistry, host rock, and structural control. Most deposits are associated with structural domes, stratabound breccia bodies, unconformity surfaces or intense brittle-ductile deformation zones, such as the Youjiang fault system. Typical characteristics include impure carbonate rock or calcareous and carbonaceous host rock that contains disseminated pyrite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite-usually with ??m-sized Au, commonly in As-rich rims of pyrite and in disseminations. Late realgar, orpiment, stibnite, and Hg minerals are spatially associated with earlier forming sulfide minerals. Minor base-metal sulfides, such as galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and Pb-Sb-As-sulphosalts also are present. The rocks locally are silicified and altered to sericite-clay (illite). Rocks and(or) stream-sediment geochemical signatures typically include elevated concentrations of As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and Ba. A general lack of igneous rocks in the Dian-Qian-Gui area implies non-pluton-related, ore forming processes. Some deposits contain evidence that sources of the metal may have originated in carbonaceous parts of the sedimentary pile or other sedimentary or volcanic horizons. This genetic process may be associated with formation and mobilization of petroleum and Hg in the region and may also be related to As-, Au-, and Tl-bearing coal horizons. Many deposits also contain textures and features indicative of strong structural control by tectonic domes or shear zones and also suggest syndeformational ore deposition, possibly related to the Youjiang fault system. Several sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits in the Dian-Qian-Gui area also are of the red earth-type and Au grades have been concentrated and enhanced during episodes of deep weathering. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.03.014","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Peters, S.G., Jiazhan, H., Zhiping, L., and Chenggui, J., 2007, Sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits of the Dian-Qian-Gui area, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces, and Guangxi District, China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 31, no. 1-4, p. 170-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.03.014.","startPage":"170","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.03.014"},{"id":240432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a3ae4b08c986b3170c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, S. G.","contributorId":48198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiazhan, H.","contributorId":97708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiazhan","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhiping, L.","contributorId":88157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhiping","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chenggui, J.","contributorId":50357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chenggui","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033223,"text":"70033223 - 2007 - The influence of major dams on hydrology through the drainage network of the Sacramento River basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033223","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of major dams on hydrology through the drainage network of the Sacramento River basin, California","docAbstract":"This paper reports basinwide patterns of hydrograph alteration via statistical and graphical analysis from a network of long-term streamflow gauges located various distances downstream of major dams and confluences in the Sacramento River basin in California, USA. Streamflow data from 10 gauging stations downstream of major dams were divided into hydrologic series corresponding to the periods before and after dam construction. Pre- and post-dam flows were compared with respect to hydrograph characteristics representing frequency, magnitude and shape: annual flood peak, annual flow trough, annual flood volume, time to flood peak, flood drawdown time and interarrival time. The use of such a suite of characteristics within a statistical and graphical framework allows for generalising distinct strategies of flood control operation that can be identified without any a priori knowledge of operations rules. Dam operation is highly dependent on the ratio of reservoir capacity to annual flood volume (impounded runoff index). Dams with high values of this index generally completely cut off flood peaks thus reducing time to peak, drawdown time and annual flood volume. Those with low values conduct early and late flow releases to extend the hydrograph, increasing time to peak, drawdown time and annual flood volume. The analyses reveal minimal flood control benefits from foothill dams in the lower Sacramento River (i.e. dissipation of the down-valley flood control signal). The lower part of the basin is instead reliant on a weir and bypass system to control lowland flooding. Data from a control gauge (i.e. with no upstream dams) suggest a background signature of global climate change expressed as shortened flood hydrograph falling limbs and lengthened flood interarrival times at low exceedence probabilities. This research has implications for flood control, water resource management, aquatic and riparian ecosystems and for rehabilitation strategies involving flow alteration and/or manipulation of sediment supplies. Copyright ?? 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.968","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Singer, M., 2007, The influence of major dams on hydrology through the drainage network of the Sacramento River basin, California: River Research and Applications, v. 23, no. 1, p. 55-72, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.968.","startPage":"55","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213187,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.968"},{"id":240790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad2de4b08c986b323a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, M.B.","contributorId":67274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171276,"text":"70171276 - 2007 - Trends of brominated diphenyl ethers in fresh and archived Great Lakes fish (1979-2005)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T10:35:43","indexId":"70171276","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends of brominated diphenyl ethers in fresh and archived Great Lakes fish (1979-2005)","docAbstract":"

While few environmental measurements of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) were completed prior to the mid-1990s, analysis of appropriately archived samples might enable the determination of contaminant trends back to the introduction of these chemicals. In this paper, we first investigate the stability of BDEs in archived frozen and extracted fish samples, and then characterize trends of these chemicals in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in each of the Great Lakes between 1979 and 2005. We focus on the four most common congeners (BDE-47, 100, 99 and 153) and use a change-point analysis to detect shifts in trends. Analyses of archived fish samples yielded precise BDE concentration measurements with only small losses (0.8% per year in frozen fish tissues, 2.2% per year in refrigerated extracts). Trends in fish from all Great Lakes showed large increases in BDE concentrations that started in the early to mid-1980s with fairly consistent doubling times (generally 2–4 years except in Lake Erie smelt where levels increased very slowly), though concentrations and trends show differences by congener, fish species and lake. The most recent data show that accumulation rates are slowing, and concentrations of penta- and hexa-congeners in trout from Lakes Ontario and Michigan and smelt from Lake Ontario started to decrease in the mid-1990s. Trends in smelt and trout are evolving somewhat differently, and trout concentrations in the five lakes are now ranked as Michigan > Superior = Ontario > Huron = Erie, and smelt concentrations as Michigan > Ontario > Huron > Superior > Erie. The analysis of properly archived samples permits the reconstruction of historical trends, congener distributions, biomagnification and other information that can aid the understanding and management of these contaminants.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.066","usgsCitation":"Batterman, S., Chernyak, S., Gwynn, E., Cantonwine, D., Jia, C., Begnoche, L.J., and Hickey, J.P., 2007, Trends of brominated diphenyl ethers in fresh and archived Great Lakes fish (1979-2005): Chemosphere, v. 69, no. 3, p. 444-457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.066.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"444","endPage":"457","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e3de4b07e28b664dc13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batterman, Stuart","contributorId":100806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batterman","given":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chernyak, Sergei","contributorId":98253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"Sergei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gwynn, Erica","contributorId":169638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gwynn","given":"Erica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cantonwine, David","contributorId":169639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantonwine","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jia, Chunrong","contributorId":169640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jia","given":"Chunrong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Begnoche, Linda J. lbegnoche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"Linda","email":"lbegnoche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hickey, James P.","contributorId":83460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030169,"text":"70030169 - 2007 - Thermal infrared spectroscopy and modeling of experimentally shocked basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T22:36:49.208175","indexId":"70030169","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal infrared spectroscopy and modeling of experimentally shocked basalts","docAbstract":"

New measurements of thermal infrared emission spectra (250-1400 cm-1; ∼7-40 μm) of experimentally shocked basalt and basaltic andesite (17-56 GPa) exhibit changes in spectral features with increasing pressure consistent with changes in the structure of plagioclase feldspars. Major spectral absorptions in unshocked rocks between 350-700 cm-1 (due to Si-O-Si octahedral bending vibrations) and between 1000-1250 cm-1 (due to Si-O antisymmetric stretch motions of the silica tetrahedra) transform at pressures >20-25 GPa to two broad spectral features centered near 950-1050 and 400-450 cm-1. Linear deconvolution models using spectral libraries composed of common mineral and glass spectra replicate the spectra of shocked basalt relatively well up to shock pressures of 20-25 GPa, above which model errors increase substantially, coincident with the onset of diaplectic glass formation in plagioclase. Inclusion of shocked feldspar spectra in the libraries improves fits for more highly shocked basalt. However, deconvolution models of the basaltic andesite select shocked feldspar end-members even for unshocked samples, likely caused by the higher primary glass content in the basaltic andesite sample.

","language":"English","publisher":"Walter de Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am.2007.2356","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Staid, M., and Kraft, M., 2007, Thermal infrared spectroscopy and modeling of experimentally shocked basalts: American Mineralogist, v. 92, no. 7, p. 1148-1157, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2007.2356.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1148","endPage":"1157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb22ce4b08c986b32564a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staid, M.I.","contributorId":76505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraft, M.D.","contributorId":47250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030064,"text":"70030064 - 2007 - Spectroscopic evidence for uranium bearing precipitates in vadose zone sediments at the Hanford 300-area site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70030064","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectroscopic evidence for uranium bearing precipitates in vadose zone sediments at the Hanford 300-area site","docAbstract":"Uranium (U) solid-state speciation in vadose zone sediments collected beneath the former North Process Pond (NPP) in the 300 Area of the Hanford site (Washington) was investigated using multi-scale techniques. In 30 day batch experiments, only a small fraction of total U (???7.4%) was released to artificial groundwater solutions equilibrated with 1% pCO2. Synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analyses showed that U was distributed among at least two types of species: (i) U discrete grains associated with Cu and (ii) areas with intermediate U concentrations on grains and grain coatings. Metatorbernite (Cu[UO2]2[PO 4]2??8H2O) and uranophane (Ca[UO 2]2[SiO3(OH)]2?? 5H 2O) at some U discrete grains, and muscovite at U intermediate concentration areas, were identified in synchrotron-based micro-X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analyses revealed 8-10 ??m size metatorbernite particles that were embedded in C-, Al-, and Si-rich coatings on quartz and albite grains. In ??- and bulk-X-ray absorption structure (??-XAS and XAS) spectroscopy analyses, the structure of metatorbernite with additional U-C and U-U coordination environments was consistently observed at U discrete grains with high U concentrations. The consistency of the ??- and bulk-XAS analyses suggests that metatorbernite may comprise a significant fraction of the total U in the sample. The entrapped, micrometer-sized metatorbernite particles in C-, Al-, and Si-rich coatings, along with the more soluble precipitated uranyl carbonates and uranophane, likely control the long-term release of U to water associated with the vadose zone sediments. ?? 2007 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es062196u","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Arai, Y., Marcus, M., Tamura, N., Davis, J., and Zachara, J., 2007, Spectroscopic evidence for uranium bearing precipitates in vadose zone sediments at the Hanford 300-area site: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 13, p. 4633-4639, https://doi.org/10.1021/es062196u.","startPage":"4633","endPage":"4639","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477240,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3110h2bq","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213104,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es062196u"}],"volume":"41","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95b1e4b08c986b31b06e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arai, Y.","contributorId":59214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marcus, M.A.","contributorId":84966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcus","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tamura, N.","contributorId":96092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tamura","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zachara, J.M.","contributorId":96896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}