{"pageNumber":"232","pageRowStart":"5775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11364,"records":[{"id":1013474,"text":"1013474 - 1996 - Assessing variability and trends in Arctic sea ice distribution using satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-25T17:12:33.313987","indexId":"1013474","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessing variability and trends in Arctic sea ice distribution using satellite data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Trends in the annual minimum, minimum monthly-mean, and the sea ice extent at the end of August were investigated for the Barents and western Kara Seas and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean during 1966 to 1994 using data from Russian ice maps (1974-1994), Kosmos-Okean and ALMAZ SAR satellite series (1984-1994), and published literature. Four definitions of sea ice extent were examined based on thresholds of ice concentration: &gt;90%, &gt;70%, &gt;40% and &gt;10% (E1, E2, E3, and E4, respectively). Root-mean-square differences between sea ice maps and satellite-image sea ice classifications for coincident areas were subjected to Monte-Carlo analyses to construct confidence intervals for the 20-year ice-map trends. With probability p=0.8, the average 20-year change in the minimum monthly-mean sea ice extent (followed in brackets by the average change in the absolute annual minimum ice extent) was between 30-60% [19-71%], 29-61% [15-67%], 31-63%[18-69%] and 18-48% [7-55%] in the Barents sea; (-24)-(-4)% [(-25)-(12)%], (-27)-(-9)% [(-34)-(-4)%], (-32)-(-15)% [(-39)-(-9)%] and (-33)-(-15)%[(-38)-(-8)%] in the western Kara sea; and (-3)-19% [(-8)-29%], (-4)-18% [(-11)-26%,] (-6)-16% [(-11)(-24)%] and (-7)-15% [(-12)-24%] in the combined Barents and Kara Seas, for sea ice concentration E1-E4, respectively. Including published data from 1966-1983, the trend in minimum monthly-mean sea ice extent for the combined 30-year period showed an average increasing of 11.8% in the Barents Sea and of 47.4% reduction in the western Kara Sea; sea ice extent at the end of August showed an average reduction of 4.7% in the Barents Sea.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, IGARSS 1996","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)","conferenceDate":"May 31, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Lincoln, NE","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516429","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Mordvintsev, I.N., and Douglas, D., 1996, Assessing variability and trends in Arctic sea ice distribution using satellite data, <i>in</i> Proceedings, IGARSS 1996, Lincoln, NE, May 31, 1996, p. 642-644, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516429.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"642","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131224,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mordvintsev, Ilia N.","contributorId":91044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mordvintsev","given":"Ilia","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013473,"text":"1013473 - 1996 - Results of Bayesian methods depend on details of implementation: An example of estimating salmon escapement goals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-31T11:04:09.458816","indexId":"1013473","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of Bayesian methods depend on details of implementation: An example of estimating salmon escapement goals","docAbstract":"Bayesian methods have been proposed to estimate optimal escapement \r\n   goals, using both knowledge about physical determinants of salmon \r\n   productivity and stock-recruitment data. The Bayesian approach has \r\n   several advantages over many traditional methods for estimating stock \r\n   productivity: it allows integration of information from diverse \r\n   sources and provides a framework for decision-making that takes into \r\n   account uncertainty reflected in the data. However, results can be \r\n   critically dependent on details of implementation of this approach. \r\n   For instance, unintended and unwarranted confidence about \r\n   stock-recruitment relationships can arise if the range of relationships \r\n   examined is too narrow, if too few discrete alternatives are \r\n   considered, or if data are contradictory. This unfounded confidence \r\n   can result in a suboptimal choice of a spawning escapement goal.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-7836(95)00405-X","usgsCitation":"Adkison, M.D., and Peterman, R.M., 1996, Results of Bayesian methods depend on details of implementation: An example of estimating salmon escapement goals: Fisheries Research, v. 25, p. 155-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(95)00405-X.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6059fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adkison, Milo D.","contributorId":100791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkison","given":"Milo","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, R. M.","contributorId":83871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1012814,"text":"1012814 - 1996 - An image-processing program for automated counting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T21:06:49","indexId":"1012814","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An image-processing program for automated counting","docAbstract":"An image-processing program developed by the National Institute of\r\nHealth, IMAGE, was modified in a cooperative project between remote sensing\r\nspecialists at the Ohio State University Center for Mapping and scientists at\r\nthe Alaska Science Center to facilitate estimating numbers of black brant\r\n(Branta bernicla nigricans) in flocks at Izembek National Wildlife Refuge. The\r\nmodified program, DUCK HUNT, runs on Apple computers. Modifications provide\r\nusers with a pull down menu that optimizes image quality; identifies objects of\r\ninterest (e.g., brant) by spectral, morphometric, and spatial parameters defined\r\ninteractively by users; counts and labels objects of interest; and produces\r\nsummary tables. Images from digitized photography, videography, and high-\r\nresolution digital photography have been used with this program to count various\r\nspecies of waterfowl.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, D., Anderson, W., and Anthony, R., 1996, An image-processing program for automated counting: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 345-346.","productDescription":"pp. 345-346","startPage":"345","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, D.J.","contributorId":25522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, W.H.","contributorId":93420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, R.M.","contributorId":181902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185206,"text":"70185206 - 1996 - Serological evidence of morbillivirus infection in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) from Alaska and Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T11:23:45","indexId":"70185206","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3688,"text":"Veterinary Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serological evidence of morbillivirus infection in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) from Alaska and Russia","docAbstract":"<p><span>One-hundred-and-ninety-one samples of blood serum collected from 186 polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) between 1987 and 1992 were analysed for morbillivirus antibodies. The samples were collected in the Bering, Chukchi and East Siberian seas. Sixty-eight samples (35.6 per cent) had morbillivirus antibody titres &gt; 5; the percentage of positive samples ranged from 26.2 to 46.2 per cent from year to year. The proportions of adults, sub-adults and cubs which were seropositive were 43.9, 35.7 and 37.9 per cent respectively. Some seropositive dams had seronegative young and some that were seronegative had seropositive young. One litter of two cubs, in which the dam was seronegative, had one seropositive and one seronegative cub. Seropositive bears occurred in all the areas from which the samples were collected but there was a significantly greater incidence in the bears sampled in Russia. The high prevalence of seropositive bears over the period suggests that the bear morbillivirus is endemic in these regions of the Arctic, but its source is unknown.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BMJ Journals","doi":"10.1136/vr.138.25.615","usgsCitation":"Follmann, E.H., Garner, G., Evermann, J.F., and McKeirnan, 1996, Serological evidence of morbillivirus infection in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) from Alaska and Russia: Veterinary Record, v. 138, no. 25, p. 615-618, https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.138.25.615.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"618","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea","volume":"138","issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba437e4b0849ce97dc7d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Follmann, Erich H.","contributorId":24828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Follmann","given":"Erich","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evermann, Jim F.","contributorId":87336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evermann","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKeirnan","contributorId":189402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKeirnan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185835,"text":"70185835 - 1996 - Persistence of oiling in mussel beds three and four years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:20:53","indexId":"70185835","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Persistence of oiling in mussel beds three and four years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dense beds of the mussel </span><i>Mytilus trossulus</i><span> affected by </span><i>Exxon Valdez</i><span> crude oil in Prince William Sound and along the Kenai and Alaska peninsulas were intentionally left untreated during shoreline cleanup activities in 1989-1991. In 1992 and 1993, mussels and sediments from 70 mussel beds in Prince William Sound and 18 beds along the Kenai and Alaska peninsulas were sampled to establish the geographic extent and intensity of </span><i>Exxon Valdez</i><span> oil persisting in mussel beds. Substantial residual Exxon Valdez oil persists in sediments underlying mussel beds in the area affected by the spill. Residual crude oil is a source of chronic contamination of mussels and their predators.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\"","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium","conferenceDate":"February 2-5, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Babcock, M., Irvine, G., Harris, P., Cusick, J., and Rice, S., 1996, Persistence of oiling in mussel beds three and four years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, <i>in</i> American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\", Anchorage, AK, February 2-5, 1993, p. 286-297.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54018xm/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc804e4b02ff32c6856e4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686863,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spies, R.B.","contributorId":16946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686864,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, D.A.","contributorId":113989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686865,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, B.A.","contributorId":33875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686866,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, M.M.","contributorId":32120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, G.V.","contributorId":97051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, P.M.","contributorId":103226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cusick, J.A.","contributorId":83878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cusick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185832,"text":"70185832 - 1996 - How many seabirds were killed by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:21:12","indexId":"70185832","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"How many seabirds were killed by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill?","docAbstract":"<p>After the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill of 24 March 1989, 36,115 dead seabirds were recovered from beaches and processed at morgues. Most or all of 1,888 live oiled seabirds brought to rehabilitation centers also died and about 3,260 oiled carcasses were never delivered to morgues. Of these 41,263 carcasses accounted for, we estimated conservatively that only 30,000 were killed by oil pollution. Carcass drift and recovery experiments conducted in the affected area during the spill and 1 year later, along with historical experiments conducted in other oceanographic regions, suggest that only a fraction (range = 4-30%) of birds killed were likely to have been recovered from beaches. Regression analysis of these drift-recovery data predicts a 15% recovery rate (r' = 0.38, P = 0.015). We recognize uncertainties in the assumptions and parameter values used to extrapolate total mortality from drift-recovery data, but we have confidence that mortality fell within the extreme range of estimates (100,000-690,000 birds killed) because these reflect a very wide range of observed and experimentally determined parameter values. Total mortality can also be estimated by comparing pre- and postspill colony population estimates. Uncertainties about these census data are greater than those associated with drift-recovery data, but nonetheless provide an independent mortality estimate of similar magnitude. Taken together, all evidence suggests that about 250,000 seabirds were killed by <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\"","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium","conferenceDate":"February 2-5, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Ford, R.G., 1996, How many seabirds were killed by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill?, <i>in</i> American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\", Anchorage, AK, February 2-5, 1993, p. 712-719.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54018xm/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc804e4b02ff32c6856e6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686850,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spies, R.B.","contributorId":16946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686851,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, D.A.","contributorId":113989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686852,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, B.A.","contributorId":33875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686853,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, R. Glenn","contributorId":75793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185398,"text":"70185398 - 1996 - Mass and body-dimension relationships of polar bears in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T08:09:30","indexId":"70185398","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass and body-dimension relationships of polar bears in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Models developed from morphometric parameters are useful for estimating body mass (M) of captured wild ursids. The accuracy of those models, however, may depend on sex, season, and geographic location of the population. We tested the suitability of reported models to predict mass of polar bears (</span><i>Ursus maritimus</i><span>) captured in northern Alaska, but found that models developed for other populations performed poorly. Hence, we derived new models from field measurements of axillary girth (AG), straight-line body length (SLBL), condylobasal length (CL), and zygomatic width (ZW). Our equations accurately predicted body mass for polar bears captured during spring and autumn. The equation for spring-captured polar bears was M = 0.000078 * AG<sup>1.6026</sup> * SLBL<sup>1.3579</sup></span><span>&nbsp;(R</span><sup>2</sup><span>=0.97), while the equation for autumn-captured polar bears was M = 0.000250 * AG<sup>1.4967</sup> * SLBL<sup>1.2468</sup>&nbsp;</span><span>(R</span><sup>2</sup><span>=0.97). Our results suggest that investigators should verify the accuracy of reported equations when applied to each situation and if necessary, develop models specific for the population in question.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., and Amstrup, S.C., 1996, Mass and body-dimension relationships of polar bears in northern Alaska: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, p. 480-484.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/publications/","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b92e4b0236b68f82902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186269,"text":"70186269 - 1996 - Activity and feeding of ovigerous Dungeness crabs in Glacier Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:10:48","indexId":"70186269","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Activity and feeding of ovigerous Dungeness crabs in Glacier Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The activity and feeding behavior of ovigerous Dungeness crabs, <i>Cancer magister</i>, were examined as part of a long-term study. Part of this study surveyed Bartlett Cove in Glacier Bay, Alaska, during the spring of 1994 where 50 commercial pots were soaked for 24 hours. Catch per unit effort (CPUE), dispersion, and stomach samples of male, nonovigerous female, and ovigerous female crabs were compared. A laboratory experiment compared feeding rate, foraging response, and survival between starved and fed ovigerous and nonovigerous crabs over a six-month winter period (December 1994-May 1995).</p><p>CPUE differed significantly for crabs of different reproductive groups caught in pots during the spring 1994 survey in Bartlett Cove (ANOVA, P&lt; 0.01). CPUE averaged 3.7 ± 0.5 (standard error) for males, 1.3 ± 0.3 for nonovigerous females, and 0.4 ± 0.1 for ovigerous females. Male and nonovigerous female Dungeness crabs were homogeneously dispersed throughout the pot transect area; however, ovigerous crabs were aggregated. A significant difference in dry weight of stomach contents and stomach fullness between reproductive groups existed.</p><p>Ovigerous females had significantly lower feeding rates than nonovigerous females in the laboratory (two way ANOVA, P&lt; 0.01). The foraging responses of ovigerous crabs were significantly lower in comparison to nonovigerous females (Mann-Whitney U test, P&lt; 0.01). Seasonal differences were also found for foraging within the two groups over the course of the study period (Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA, P&lt; O.OI). No mortality occurred in treatments of fed and starved ovigerous and nonovigerous crabs over the six-month experiment, demonstrating Dungeness crabs can survive overwinter without feeding in laboratory conditions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the international symposium on biology, management, and economics of crabs from high latitude habitats: Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Biology, Management, and Economics of Crabs from High Latitude Habitats: Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 11-13, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","isbn":"1-56612-039-X","usgsCitation":"Schultz, D.A., Shirley, T.C., O’Clair, C.E., and Taggart, S.J., 1996, Activity and feeding of ovigerous Dungeness crabs in Glacier Bay, Alaska, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the international symposium on biology, management, and economics of crabs from high latitude habitats: Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium, Anchorage, AK, October 11-13, 1995, p. 411-424.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"424","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://seagrant.uaf.edu/bookstore/pubs/AK-SG-96-02.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier bay","publicComments":"Larger Work is Alaska Sea Grant College Program report no. 96-02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ee4b09da67997ecd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, Deborah A.","contributorId":190295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shirley, Thomas C.","contributorId":17409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189293,"text":"70189293 - 1996 - Seaducks: A time for action","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:49:04","indexId":"70189293","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seaducks: A time for action","docAbstract":"<p>Seaducks (Tribe Mergini) are a diverse group of birds. In North America, many species nest in boreal or arctic habitats in Canada and Alaska and winter in ice-free coastal, marine, and freshwater habitats. Data from long- term surveys, population studies, and local knowledge suggest that some populations and species of seaducks have declined over the past decades. In most cases, the trend data are sufficient to document population problems, although the precise historic population and number of remaining birds are frequently unknown. As various state, provincial, and federal agencies attempt to address this problem, the need for additional information becomes clear. In the U.S., funding for work on seaducks generally has not been available until a species has been listed or proposed for lisiting under the Endangered Species Act. It is also clear that the funding sources for waterfowl in general are inadequate to address all of the management needs for both seaducks and more heavily hunted species. However, this is not a satisfactory justification of the general neglect of seaducks. Here we discuss the problems of identifying and prioritizing studies and research of this diverse group and propose a plan of action.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"7th International Waterfowl Symposium (Proceedings)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"7th International Waterfowl Symposium","conferenceDate":"February 4-6, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Memphis, TN","language":"English","publisher":"Ducks Unlimited, Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., and Hogan, M.E., 1996, Seaducks: A time for action, <i>in</i> 7th International Waterfowl Symposium (Proceedings), Memphis, TN, February 4-6, 1996, p. 62-67.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"67","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59634098e4b0d1f9f059d80e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ratti, John T.","contributorId":59396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ratti","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":33344,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703992,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giudice, John H.","contributorId":182418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giudice","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":33344,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703993,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hogan, Mary E.","contributorId":141023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogan","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13236,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186744,"text":"70186744 - 1996 - Response of common murres to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and long-term changes in the Gulf of Alaska marine ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T13:39:50","indexId":"70186744","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Response of common murres to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and long-term changes in the Gulf of Alaska marine ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>Short-term effects of the 1989 TV </span><i>Exxon Valdez</i><span> oil spill on seabirds were dramatic and well documented. Seabird populations at sea in the spill zone were immediately depressed, and more than 30,000 dead, oiled seabirds were recovered from beaches within months of the spill. It is estimated that 250,000 seabirds were killed by oil, of which 74% were murres. Based on comparisons of prespill (1970s) and postspill (1989-1994) data, long-term effects on murres attributed to oil pollution included population declines, reduced breeding success, and delayed breeding phenology. Populations remained depressed, but breeding success phenology gradually returned to normal levels by 1993. An alternative hypothesis to explain these long-term effects is that murres were responding to natural events in their marine environment. Flow of the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) was at an all-time low in 1989, and this may have reduced and delayed biological productivity in the ACC. On a broader time scale, marked changes in marine fish communities have occurred during the past 20 years. Coincident with cyclical fluctuations in seawater temperatures, the abundance of small forage species (e.g., humpy shrimp, capelin, and Pacific sandfish) declined precipitously in the late 1970s while populations of large predatory fish (e.g., walleye pollock, Pacific cod, and flatfish) increased dramatically. Correspondingly, seabird diets shifted from mostly capelin in the 1970s to mostly Pacific sand land and juvenile pollock in the late 1980s. Furthermore, a variety of seabirds and marine mammals both inside and outside of the oil spill zone exhibited signs of food stress (population declines, reduced productivity, die-offs) throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. We conclude that available data are inadequate to distinguish between long-term effects of the </span><i>Exxon Valdez</i><span> oil spill on murres and a natural response of murres to long-term changes in their marine environment.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill symposium: American Fisheries Society symposium 18","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill symposium: American Fisheries Society symposium 18","conferenceDate":"February 2-5, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Anderson, P., 1996, Response of common murres to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and long-term changes in the Gulf of Alaska marine ecosystem, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill symposium: American Fisheries Society symposium 18, Anchorage, AK, February 2-5, 1993, p. 720-737.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"720","endPage":"737","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54018xm/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a547e4b09da6799d63c1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spies, R.B.","contributorId":16946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690432,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, D.A.","contributorId":113989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, B.A.","contributorId":33875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690434,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Paul","contributorId":190702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186273,"text":"70186273 - 1996 - Dispersion of adult <i>Cancer magister</i> at Glacier Bay, Alaska: Variation with spatial scale, sex, and reproductive status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:10:26","indexId":"70186273","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Dispersion of adult <i>Cancer magister</i> at Glacier Bay, Alaska: Variation with spatial scale, sex, and reproductive status","docAbstract":"<p>Patterns of micro- to mesoscale distribution of Dungeness crabs (<i>Cancer magister</i>) in nearshore habitats at five locations in and near Glacier Bay National Park were revealed using subtidal transects. Sampling was conducted in April and September 1992 and 1993 and April 1994. Divers censused crabs by sex and reproductive status (ovigerous/nonovigerous females) along belt transects (2 m x 100 m) perpendicular to shore in the depth range 0 m (mean lower low water) to 18 m. A sample estimator of Morisita's index (<i>Î<sup>*</sup><sub>Δ</sub></i>) was used to quantify crab dispersion at 10 scales of measurement ranging from 20 m<sup>2</sup> to 200 m<sup>2</sup> at each location during each sampling period.</p><p>Values of <i>Î<sup>*</sup><sub>Δ</sub></i>&nbsp;in ovigerous female C. magister deviated significantly (P &lt; 0.05) from 1.0 (random distribution) toward contagion more frequently than did <i>Î<sup>*</sup><sub>Δ</sub></i> for nonovigerous female and male crabs. Ovigerous crabs also usually had higher <i>Î<sup>*</sup><sub>Δ</sub></i> than did nonovigerous female and male crabs, especially at smaller measurement scales (20-80 m<sup>2</sup>). Morisita's index for all three groups of crabs decreased more frequently than it increased with an increase in measurement scale. We observed no relationship between t and crab density in nonovigerous female and male&nbsp;crabs, whereas <i>Î<sup>*</sup><sub>Δ</sub></i>&nbsp;was positively correlated with the density of ovigerous crabs. A total of 13 dense aggregations of ovigerous <i>C. magister</i> were observed nearshore (depth range 0-10 m) at the five study locations. About half of these were repeatedly observed at the same microsite over the course of this study. Ovigerous Dungeness crabs at Glacier Bay were usually aggregated, often forming dense aggregations with high site fidelity. These dense aggregations may concentrate a significant proportion of the brood stock of this species in a limited number of patches of optimal brooding habitat at Glacier Bay.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the international symposium on biology, management, and economics of crabs from high latitude habitats: Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Biology, Management, and Economics of Crabs from High Latitude Habitats: Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 11-13, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","isbn":"1-56612-039-X","usgsCitation":"O’Clair, C.E., Shirley, T.C., and Taggart, S.J., 1996, Dispersion of adult <i>Cancer magister</i> at Glacier Bay, Alaska: Variation with spatial scale, sex, and reproductive status, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the international symposium on biology, management, and economics of crabs from high latitude habitats: Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium, Anchorage, AK, October 11-13, 1995, p. 209-227.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://seagrant.uaf.edu/bookstore/pubs/AK-SG-96-02.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","publicComments":"Larger Work is Alaska Sea Grant College Program report no. 96-02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ce4b09da67997ecd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shirley, Thomas C.","contributorId":17409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1012812,"text":"1012812 - 1996 - Breeding populations of northern pintails have similar mitochondrial DNA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:20:05.464142","indexId":"1012812","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding populations of northern pintails have similar mitochondrial DNA","docAbstract":"Northern pintails (Anas acuta) are highly nomadic, which may result in\r\nhigh levels of gene flow among nesting areas. To assess the extent of genetic \r\ndifferentiation among nesting areas, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) \r\nvariation in northern pintail females from three regions: Alaska, California, \r\nand midcontinent prairies and parklands. Abundant mtDNA variation was evident \r\n(20 genotypes among 289 birds), but there was no significant genetic \r\ndifferentiation of nesting areas within or among regions. Results indicate that\r\npintails have had historically large breeding population sizes and a high rate \r\nof gene flow among North American nesting areas. Specific nesting areas are not\r\nindependent units, but part of a larger continental population. High rates of \r\ngene flow suggest that over time, localized reductions in recruitment or \r\nsurvival may be compensated for by immigration.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z96-112","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., Grand, J., Esler, D., Derksen, D., and Scribner, K., 1996, Breeding populations of northern pintails have similar mitochondrial DNA: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 74, no. 6, p. 992-999, https://doi.org/10.1139/z96-112.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"992","endPage":"999","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128567,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb42f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, M. A.","contributorId":80216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derksen, D.V.","contributorId":23483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"D.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018546,"text":"70018546 - 1996 - Cyclic stressing and seismicity at strongly coupled subduction zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-13T17:19:12.979693","indexId":"70018546","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic stressing and seismicity at strongly coupled subduction zones","docAbstract":"<p><span>We use the finite element method to analyze stress variations in and near a strongly coupled subduction zone during an earthquake cycle. Deformation is assumed to be uniform along strike (plane strain on a cross section normal to the trench axis), and periodic earthquake slip is imposed consistent with the long-term rate of plate convergence and degree of coupling. Simulations of stress and displacement rate fields represent periodic fluctuations in time superimposed on an average field. The oceanic plate, descending slab, and continental lithosphere are assumed here to respond elastically to these fluctuations, and the remaining mantle under and between plates is assumed to respond as Maxwell viscoelastic. In the first part of the analysis we find that computed stress fluctuations in space and time are generally consistent with observed earthquake mechanism variations with time since a great thrust event. In particular, trench-normal extensional earthquakes tend to occur early in the earthquake cycle toward the outer rise but occur more abundantly late in the cycle in the subducting slab downdip of the main thrust zone. Compressional earthquakes, when they occur at all, have the opposite pattern. Our results suggest also that the actual timing of extensional outer rise events is controlled by the rheology of the shallow aseismic portion of the thrust interface. The second part of the analysis shows the effects of mantle relaxation on the rate of ground surface deformation during the earthquake cycle. Models without relaxation predict a strong overall compressional strain rate in the continental plate above the main thrust zone, with the strain rate constant between mainshocks. However with significant relaxation present, a localized region of unusually low compressional, or even slightly extensional, strain rate develops along the surface of the continental plate above and somewhat inland from the downdip edge of the locked main thrust zone. The low strain rate starts in the middle or late part of the cycle, depending on position. This result suggests that the negligible or small contraction measured on the Shumagin Islands, Alaska, during 1980 to 1991, may not invalidate an interpretation of that region as being a moderately coupled subduction zone. In contrast, mantle relaxation causes only modest temporal nonuniformity of uplift rates in the overriding plate and of extensional stress rates in the subducting plate, even when the Maxwell time is an order of magnitude less than the recurrence interval.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95JB03561","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Taylor, M., Zheng, G., Rice, J., Stuart, W., and Dmowska, R., 1996, Cyclic stressing and seismicity at strongly coupled subduction zones: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. 4, p. 8363-8381, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB03561.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"8363","endPage":"8381","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd25e4b0c8380cd4e669","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, M.A.J.","contributorId":14586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, G.","contributorId":20920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, J.R.","contributorId":14964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stuart, W.D.","contributorId":65865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dmowska, R.","contributorId":37907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dmowska","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018406,"text":"70018406 - 1996 - The Border Ranges fault system in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: Evidence for major early Cenozoic dextral strike-slip motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:11:51.950352","indexId":"70018406","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Border Ranges fault system in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: Evidence for major early Cenozoic dextral strike-slip motion","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Border Ranges fault system of southern Alaska, the fundamental break between the arc basement and the forearc accretionary complex, is the boundary between the Peninsular–Alexander–Wrangellia terrane and the Chugach terrane. The fault system separates crystalline rocks of the Alexander terrane from metamorphic rocks of the Chugach terrane in Glacier Bay National Park. Mylonitic rocks in the zone record abundant evidence for dextral strike-slip motion along north-northwest-striking subvertical surfaces. Geochronologic data together with regional correlations of Chugach terrane rocks involved in the deformation constrain this movement between latest Cretaceous and Early Eocene (~50 Ma). These findings are in agreement with studies to the northwest and southeast along the Border Ranges fault system which show dextral strike-slip motion occurring between 58 and 50 Ma. Correlations between Glacier Bay plutons and rocks of similar ages elsewhere along the Border Ranges fault system suggest that as much as 700 km of dextral motion may have been accommodated by this structure. These observations are consistent with oblique convergence of the Kula plate during early Cenozoic and forearc slivering above an ancient subduction zone following late Mesozoic accretion of the Peninsular–Alexander–Wrangellia terrane to North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e96-096","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Smart, K., Pavlis, T., Sisson, V., Roeske, S.M., and Snee, L., 1996, The Border Ranges fault system in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska: Evidence for major early Cenozoic dextral strike-slip motion: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 33, no. 9, p. 1268-1282, https://doi.org/10.1139/e96-096.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1268","endPage":"1282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227644,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -137.11638510129728,\n              58.862706667256305\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.72570704961922,\n              58.862706667256305\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.72570704961922,\n              58.99688217663305\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.11638510129728,\n              58.99688217663305\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.11638510129728,\n              58.862706667256305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6a8e4b08c986b321226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smart, K.J.","contributorId":43627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlis, T.L.","contributorId":94473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlis","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sisson, V.B.","contributorId":101104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sisson","given":"V.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roeske, S. M.","contributorId":96865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roeske","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018159,"text":"70018159 - 1996 - 20th-century glacial-marine sedimentation in Vitus Lake, Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T02:00:23.547771","indexId":"70018159","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"20th-century glacial-marine sedimentation in Vitus Lake, Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Vitus Lake, the ice-marginal basin at the southeastern edge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., is a site of modern, rapid, glacial-marine sedimentation. Rather than being a fresh-water lake, Vitus Lake is a tidally influenced, marine to brackish embayment connected to the Pacific Ocean by an inlet, the Seal River. Vitus Lake consists of five deep bedrock basins, separated by interbasinal highs. Glacial erosion has cut these basins as much as 250 m below sea level. High-resolution seismic reflection surveys conducted in 1991 and 1993 of four of Vitus Lake's basins reveal a complex, variable three-component acoustic stratigraphy. Although not fully sampled, the stratigraphy is inferred to be primarily glacial-marine units of (1) basal contorted and deformed glacial-marine and glacial sediments deposited by basal ice-contact processes and submarine mass-wasting; (2) acoustically well-stratified glacial-marine sediment, which unconformably overlies the basal unit and which grades upward into (3) acoustically transparent or nearly transparent glacial-marine sediment. Maximum thicknesses of conformable glacial-marine sediment exceed 100 m. All of the acoustically transparent and stratified deposits in Vitus Lake are modern in age, having accumulated between 1967 and 1993. The basins where these three-part sequences of \"present-day\" glacial-marine sediment are accumulating are themselves cut into older sequences of stratified glacial and glacial-marine deposits. These older units outcrop on the islands in Vitus Lake.</p><p>In 1967, as the result of a major surge, glacier ice completely filled all five basins. Subsequent terminus retreat, which continued through August 1993, exposed these basins, providing new locations for glacial-marine sediment accumulation. A correlation of sediment thicknesses measured from seismic profiles at specific locations within the basins, with the year that each location became ice-free, shows that the sediment accumulation at some locations exceeds 10 m year<sup>-1</sup>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/1996AoG22-1-205-210","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Molnia, B.F., Post, A., and Carlson, P., 1996, 20th-century glacial-marine sedimentation in Vitus Lake, Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.: Annals of Glaciology, v. 22, p. 205-210, https://doi.org/10.3189/1996AoG22-1-205-210.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"210","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/1996aog22-1-205-210","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Glacier, Vitus Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -143.6306813996031,\n              60.07535180780221\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.59909570624376,\n              60.073981617708796\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.59222925116563,\n              60.08596885104012\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.61008203436873,\n              60.095555500349946\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.5791829865172,\n              60.10103233380235\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.5736898224546,\n              60.09178964924078\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.5640767853452,\n              60.09076252425069\n            ],\n            [\n         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F.","contributorId":29386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, A.","contributorId":51033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018057,"text":"70018057 - 1996 - Late quaternary environments, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T14:52:53.099507","indexId":"70018057","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late quaternary environments, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Late Quaternary pollen, plant macrofossils, and insect fossils were studied from sites along three rivers in the foothills north of the Alaska Range in Denali National Park and Preserve. The aim was to carry out a reconnaissance of late Quaternary organic sediments in the region, emphasizing the mid-Wisconsin, or Boutellier interstadial interval. Samples of probable early-to mid-Boutellier age (ca. 60 000 to 40 000 B.P.) from Unit 2 at the Toklat High Bluffs site indicate open boreal woodland with dense alder shrub vegetation. Organic Unit 1 at the Foraker River Slump site indicates open taiga with shrubs of probable Boutellier age. Fossil evidence from the youngest horizon in this unit indicates graminoid tundra environments, marking the transition from interstadial to late Wisconsin glacial environments. Early Holocene samples from the Foraker exposures suggest birch shrub tundra; coniferous forest apparently became established only after 6500 B.P. Local variations in forest composition at the Foraker and Sushana sites were probably the result of disturbances, such as fire.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic1204","usgsCitation":"Elias, S.A., Short, S.K., and Waythomas, C.F., 1996, Late quaternary environments, Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska: Arctic, v. 49, no. 3, p. 292-305, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1204.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479163,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1204","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.88472003445906,\n              62.29570878553622\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.7665796676281,\n              62.286312750002196\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.7733154529704,\n              62.55450482225203\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.40284725914086,\n              62.557609214763545\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.37590411777137,\n              62.45810787850047\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.16709477215846,\n              62.467450239092244\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.11994427476202,\n              62.54518970122919\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.95154964120306,\n              62.650590499860044\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.29144267765219,\n              62.63820981264027\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.29144267765219,\n              62.80799161170006\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.12304804409337,\n              62.817224397016275\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.10284068806624,\n              62.952306194506264\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.6448072847861,\n              62.949243056816556\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.80956990233415,\n              63.498470866684954\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.2137170228755,\n              63.996024907462555\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.36916833242904,\n              63.99307155748005\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.53756296598803,\n              64.05797321574678\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.8069943796822,\n              64.0697573110399\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.86088066242095,\n              64.00193067134819\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.04274686666457,\n              63.99897794541022\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.0494826520069,\n              63.82124250750627\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.23134885625052,\n              63.833126590528906\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.23808464159302,\n              63.63938775165266\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.85777689308958,\n              63.6483587905619\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.8645126784319,\n              63.47441551695158\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.88472003445906,\n              62.29570878553622\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4554e4b0c8380cd6720d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Scott A.","contributorId":111874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Short, S. K.","contributorId":6596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018645,"text":"70018645 - 1996 - Quiescent-phase evolution of a surge-type glacier: Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-06T23:57:44.350666","indexId":"70018645","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quiescent-phase evolution of a surge-type glacier: Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Black Rapids Glacier, a surge-type glacier in the Alaska Range, most recently surged in 1936–37 and is currently in its quiescent phase. Mass balance, ice velocity and thickness change have been measured at three to ten sites from 1972 to 1994. The annual speed has undergone cyclical fluctuations of as much as 45% about the mean speed. Ice thickness and surface slope did not change enough to cause the speed fluctuations through changes in ice deformation, which indicates that they are being drinven by changes in basal motion. The behavior of Black Rapids Glacier during this quiescent phase is significantly different from that of Variegated Glacier, another well-studied surge-type glacier in Alaska. The present medial-moraine configuration of Black Rapids Glacier indicates that a surge could occur at any time. However, ice velocity data indicate that the next surge may not be imminent. We belive that there is little chance that the next surge will cross and dam the Delta River.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S0022143000030574","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Heinrichs, T., Mayo, L., Echelmeyer, K., and Harrison, W., 1996, Quiescent-phase evolution of a surge-type glacier: Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.: Journal of Glaciology, v. 42, no. 140, p. 110-122, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000030574.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479111,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000030574","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"140","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9319e4b0c8380cd80bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinrichs, T.A.","contributorId":88100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrichs","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayo, L.R.","contributorId":21541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echelmeyer, K.A.","contributorId":11781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echelmeyer","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrison, W.D.","contributorId":54749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1012908,"text":"1012908 - 1996 - Monitoring the status of wild sea otter populations: field studies and techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:47:10","indexId":"1012908","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1499,"text":"Endangered Species UPDATE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the status of wild sea otter populations: field studies and techniques","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Update","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Ballachey, B.E., 1996, Monitoring the status of wild sea otter populations: field studies and techniques: Endangered Species UPDATE, v. 13, no. 12, p. 14-20.","productDescription":"pp. 14-20","startPage":"14","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269291,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/39333/als9527.0013.012.pdf;jsessionid=0BCB2EC8EB53873B9506CDB6F97743F5?sequence=1"},{"id":130757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018649,"text":"70018649 - 1996 - Observations and analysis of self-similar branching topology in glacier networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T17:27:43.2115","indexId":"70018649","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations and analysis of self-similar branching topology in glacier networks","docAbstract":"<p><span>Glaciers, like rivers, have a branching structure which can be characterized by topological trees or networks. Probability distributions of various topological quantities in the networks are shown to satisfy the criterion for self-similarity, a symmetry structure which might be used to simplify future models of glacier dynamics. Two analytical methods of describing river networks, Shreve's random topology model and deterministic self-similar trees, are applied to the six glaciers of south central Alaska studied in this analysis. Self-similar trees capture the topological behavior observed for all of the glaciers, and most of the networks are also reasonably approximated by Shreve's theory.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB02536","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bahr, D., and Peckham, S., 1996, Observations and analysis of self-similar branching topology in glacier networks: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. B11, p. 25511-25521, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02536.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25511","endPage":"25521","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a69e4b0c8380cd74169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bahr, D.B.","contributorId":16173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahr","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peckham, S.D.","contributorId":87704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckham","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018976,"text":"70018976 - 1996 - Aeromagnetic survey over U.S. to advance geomagnetic research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T13:36:42","indexId":"70018976","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeromagnetic survey over U.S. to advance geomagnetic research","docAbstract":"<p><span>A proposed high‐altitude survey of the United States offers an exciting and cost effective opportunity to collect magnetic‐anomaly data. Lockheed Martin Missile and Space Company is considering funding a reimbursable ER‐2 aircraft (Figure 1) mission to collect synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery at an altitude of about 21 km over the conterminous United States and Alaska. The collection of total and vector magnetic field data would be a secondary objective of the flight. Through this “piggyback approach,” the geomagnetic community would inherit invaluable magnetic data at a nominal cost. These data would provide insight on fundamental tectonic and thermal processes and give a new view of the structural and lithologic framework of the crust and upper mantle.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/96EO00187","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Blakely, R., Hinze, W.J., Keller, G.R., Langel, R., Nabighian, M., and Roest, W., 1996, Aeromagnetic survey over U.S. to advance geomagnetic research: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 77, no. 28, p. 265-268, https://doi.org/10.1029/96EO00187.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8b7e4b0c8380cd47e52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinze, W. J.","contributorId":52607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinze","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langel, R.A.","contributorId":20918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nabighian, M.","contributorId":83286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabighian","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roest, W.","contributorId":17382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roest","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019007,"text":"70019007 - 1996 - The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y2(SiO4)(CO3)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019007","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y2(SiO4)(CO3)","docAbstract":"Iimoriite-(Y) from Bokan Mountain, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska has been studied using single-crystal X-ray-diffraction techniques. The mineral, ideally Y2(SiO4)(CO3), crystallizes in space group P1, with a 6.5495(13), b 6.6291(14), c 6.4395(11)A??, ?? 116.364(15), ?? 92.556(15) and ?? 95.506(17)??. The atomic arrangement has been solved and refined to an R value of 0.019. The arrangement of atoms consists of alternating (011) slabs of orthosilicate groups and carbonate groups, with no sharing of oxygen atoms between anionic complexes in adjacent slabs. Y1 atoms separate adjacent tetrahedra along [100] within the orthosilicate slab, and Y2 atoms separate adjacent carbonate groups along [100] within the carbonate slab. Adjacent orthosilicate and carbonate slabs are linked in (100) by bonding Y atoms from each slab to oxygen atoms of adjacent slabs, in the form of YO8 polyhedra. The Y1 atoms exist in Y12O14 dimers in the orthosilicate slab, and the Y2 atoms exist in continuous [011] ribbons of edge-sharing Y2O8 polyhedra in the carbonate slab.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J., Foord, E., Jai-Nhuknan, J., and Bell, J., 1996, The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y2(SiO4)(CO3): Canadian Mineralogist, v. 34, no. 4, p. 817-820.","startPage":"817","endPage":"820","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9dbe4b08c986b322567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, J.M.","contributorId":18911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jai-Nhuknan, J.","contributorId":90049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jai-Nhuknan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, J.M.","contributorId":58032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018643,"text":"70018643 - 1996 - Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:25","indexId":"70018643","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1423,"text":"Earth Observation Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska","docAbstract":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of the Westdahl, Veniaminof, and Novarupta volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc of Alaska were analysed to investigate recent surface volcanic processes. These studies support ongoing monitoring and research by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) in the North Pacific Ocean Region. Landforms and possible crustal deformation before, during, or after eruptions were detected and analysed using data from the European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS), the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS) and the US Seasat platforms. Field observations collected by scientists from the AVO were used to verify the results from the analysis of SAR data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Observation Quarterly","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0256596X","usgsCitation":"Dean, K., Engle, K., Lu, Z., Eichelberger, J., Near, T., and Doukas, M., 1996, Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska: Earth Observation Quarterly, no. 53, p. 21-23.","startPage":"21","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe88e4b08c986b329637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, K.G.","contributorId":64402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, K.","contributorId":10176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eichelberger, J.","contributorId":107442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichelberger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Near, T.","contributorId":55162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Near","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doukas, M.","contributorId":68900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":27326,"text":"wri964060 - 1996 - Ground-water levels in an alluvial plain between the Tanana and Chena Rivers near Fairbanks, Alaska 1986-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T18:41:33.367092","indexId":"wri964060","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4060","title":"Ground-water levels in an alluvial plain between the Tanana and Chena Rivers near Fairbanks, Alaska 1986-93","docAbstract":"The aquifer of an alluvial plain between the Tanana and Chena Rivers near Fairbanks, Alaska, generally consists of highly transmissive sands and gravels under water-table conditions. During 1986-88, the U.S. Geological Survey studied the distribution of ground-water levels in the alluvial plain between Moose Creek Dam and the confluence of the Tanana and Chena Rivers. Moose Creek Dam is a flood-control structure on the Chena River that impounds water only during high flows in the Chena River or during tests of the dam's control gates. Ground-water-level information is needed to help design and place septic systems, buildings, and drainage structures. Using 38 existing wells and 83 wells drilled for this study during 1986 and 1987, ground-water levels were measured to determine the depth to the water table, its seasonal variation, and its relation to changes in river and reservoir stages. Water levels were continuously measured in 10 wells and periodically measured in 110 other wells until August 1988. During 1989, water levels were measured at least once in 59 wells. Three wells were equipped with water-level recorders through 1993. River stages were measured continuously at one gaging station on the Tanana River and at two stations on the Chena River. During summer months of 1986-88, stages and discharges in the Chena River were generally less than long-term mean monthly values, whereas mean monthly stages and discharges in the Tanana River fluctuated above and below long-term mean monthly values. Depths to water in monitoring wells ranged from slightly above land surface to about 21 feet below land surface. Depths to water in the alluvial plain were within 10 feet of land surface in most areas, but were within 5 feet of land surface in many low-lying areas. In general, the water table sloped to the northwest, from the Tanana River to the Chena River, at a gradient of about 4 feet per mile. Water levels in wells within about half a mile of either river responded rapidly to changes in river stage. During summer months of 1989-93, stages and discharges in the Chena River were generally higher than those during 1986-88, whereas stages and discharges in the Tanana River were similar to those during 1986-88. During 1989, peak water levels were higher in more than half the wells measured than during peak levels observed during 1986-88. Peak water levels were also 1.9 to 3.3 feet higher in 1991 or 1992 than peak values during 1986-88 in three wells equipped with water-level recorders. Water levels in wells near Moose Creek Dam responded rapidly to changes in water levels behind the dam. During one impoundment, water levels in a well 0.1 mile from the dam rose approximately 7 feet, to 4.8 feet below land surface.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964060","usgsCitation":"Glass, R.L., Lilly, M.R., and Meyer, D.F., 1996, Ground-water levels in an alluvial plain between the Tanana and Chena Rivers near Fairbanks, Alaska 1986-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4060, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964060.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414718,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48425.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4060/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4060/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","otherGeospatial":"Chena River, Tanana River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.9364,\n              64.8925\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.9364,\n              64.7042\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.1228,\n              64.7042\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.1228,\n              64.8925\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.9364,\n              64.8925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66760a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glass, R. L.","contributorId":80279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilly, M. R.","contributorId":38594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilly","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4925,"text":"ds18B - 1996 - National Geochemical Data Base; 1, National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) data for Alaska, formatted for GSSREARCH data base search software; 2, NURE HHSR data formatted as dBASE files for Alaska and the conterminous United States; 3, NURE HSSR data as originally compiled by the Department of Energy for Alaska and the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T13:27:41","indexId":"ds18B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"18","chapter":"B","title":"National Geochemical Data Base; 1, National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) data for Alaska, formatted for GSSREARCH data base search software; 2, NURE HHSR data formatted as dBASE files for Alaska and the conterminous United States; 3, NURE HSSR data as originally compiled by the Department of Energy for Alaska and the conterminous United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds18B","issn":"1088-1018","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, J.D., and Buttleman, K.P., 1996, National Geochemical Data Base; 1, National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) data for Alaska, formatted for GSSREARCH data base search software; 2, NURE HHSR data formatted as dBASE files for Alaska and the conterminous United States; 3, NURE HSSR data as originally compiled by the Department of Energy for Alaska and the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 18, 1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds18B.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282961,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/018b/application.zip"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168,54.75 ], [ -168,70.25 ], [ -130,70.25 ], [ -130,54.75 ], [ -168,54.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6984aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, J. D.","contributorId":8419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buttleman, Kim P. kbuttlem@usgs.gov","contributorId":4712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buttleman","given":"Kim","email":"kbuttlem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":42398,"text":"ofr81728A - 1996 - Reconnaissance geologic map of the Bradfield Canal quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T21:35:12.171968","indexId":"ofr81728A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-728","chapter":"A","title":"Reconnaissance geologic map of the Bradfield Canal quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81728A","usgsCitation":"Koch, R.D., 1996, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Bradfield Canal quadrangle, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-728, Report: 35 p.; 1 Plate: 24.00 × 24.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81728A.","productDescription":"Report: 35 p.; 1 Plate: 24.00 × 24.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398076,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34869.htm"},{"id":20170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0728a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20169,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0728a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0728a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bradfield Canal quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -132,\n              56\n            ],\n            [\n              -130,\n              56\n            ],\n            [\n              -130,\n              56.84\n            ],\n            [\n              -132,\n              56.84\n            ],\n            [\n              -132,\n              56\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a72e4b07f02db64321b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Richard D. rkoch@usgs.gov","contributorId":4413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Richard","email":"rkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":226403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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