{"pageNumber":"232","pageRowStart":"5775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":70912,"text":"ofr20051253 - 2005 - Major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from two continental-scale transects of the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:35:06.631312","indexId":"ofr20051253","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1253","title":"Major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from two continental-scale transects of the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains major- and trace-element concentration data for soil samples collected from 265 sites along two continental-scale transects in North America. One of the transects extends from northern Manitoba to the United States-Mexico border near El Paso, Tex. and consists of 105 sites. The other transect approximately follows the 38th parallel from the Pacific coast of the United States near San Francisco, Calif., to the Atlantic coast along the Maryland shore and consists of 160 sites. Sampling sites were defined by first dividing each transect into approximately 40-km segments. For each segment, a 1-km-wide latitudinal strip was randomly selected; within each strip, a potential sample site was selected from the most representative landscape within the most common soil type. At one in four sites, duplicate samples were collected 10 meters apart to estimate local spatial variability. At each site, up to four separate soil samples were collected as follows: (1) material from 0-5 cm depth; (2) O horizon, if present; (3) a composite of the A horizon; and (4) C horizon. Each sample collected was analyzed for total major- and trace-element composition by the following methods: (1) inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) for aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, indium, iron, lanthanum, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, phosphorus, potassium, rubidium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, sulfur, tellurium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, and zinc; (2) cold vapor- atomic absorption spectrometry for mercury; (3) hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry for antimony and selenium; (4) coulometric titration for carbonate carbon; and (5) combustion for total carbon and total sulfur.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051253","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Cannon, W.F., Woodruff, L.G., Garrett, R.G., Klassen, R., Kilburn, J.E., Horton, J.D., King, H.D., Goldhaber, M.B., and Morrison, J.M., 2005, Major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from two continental-scale transects of the United States and Canada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1253, ii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051253.","productDescription":"ii, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051253.JPG"},{"id":6576,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70844,"text":"sir20055053 - 2005 - The drought of 1998-2002 in North Carolina — Precipitation and hydrologic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T15:54:20.423105","indexId":"sir20055053","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5053","title":"The drought of 1998-2002 in North Carolina — Precipitation and hydrologic conditions","docAbstract":"Drought conditions prevailed across much of North Carolina during 1998-2002, resulting in widespread record-low streamflow and ground-water levels in many areas. During this 4-year period, the drought was continuous in areas of western North Carolina, although eastern areas of the State had some periods of relief from tropical storms in 1998 and 1999. The occurrence of dry winters in 2001 and 2002 along with a dry spring in 2002, exacerbated drought conditions across the State and resulted in substantial declines in streamflow and ground-water levels during the summer of 2002.\r\n\r\nThe drought caused widespread hardship and economic losses across North Carolina. During the latter months of 2002, more than 200 municipalities that included most major cities operated under some form of voluntary, mandatory, or emergency water conservation. Reservoirs across North Carolina were at record or near record-low levels, including some of the largest ones used for multiple purposes (flood control, low-flow augmentation, and(or) recreation), and required continuous and careful operation to balance the upstream and downstream needs of users.\r\n\r\nPrecipitation deficits during the 1998-2002 drought for some locations in North Carolina were among the largest documented since the beginning of systematic collection of weather data. The largest deficits occurred primarily in the western Piedmont and were as much as 60 to 70 inches in some locations during the 4-year period. Cumulative monthly precipitation departures for the period May 1998 through September 2002 at 13 selected precipitation sites across the State ranged from 5.3 inches below normal in Greenville (eastern North Carolina) to 66.7 inches below normal in Hickory (western North Carolina). During the 12-month period October 2002 through September 2003, precipitation departures at 7 of the 13 sites were more than 20 inches above normal, primarily in the western Piedmont. Precipitation data for the period of record were examined for 8 of the 13 sites to compare precipitation deficits during the 1998-2002 drought with those that occurred during selected historical droughts. At three of the eight sites (Hickory, Charlotte, and Mocksville), the average monthly deficit for the 1998-2002 drought exceeded the values computed for the other drought periods. Precipitation records for three other sites (Greensboro, Raleigh, and Fayetteville) were adjusted to remove monthly rainfall values associated with several large tropical storms in 1999. The average monthly deficits for the 1998-2002 drought based on adjusted records for these three sites were then determined to be the highest among the drought periods identified during the available periods of precipitation record.\r\n\r\nDaily mean discharges before and after the drought were compiled for 211 continuous-record gaging stations operated in North Carolina in 2002. Of these 211, 150 stations had periods of record that exceeded 10 years. Among these 150 sites, records of lowest daily mean discharge were set at 65 sites during the 4-year drought (55 sites during the 2002 water year alone). A smaller group of 68 sites having 30 years of uninterrupted record through the 2002 water year and not known to be significantly affected by regulation and(or) diversions was selected for further analyses to quantify the 'daily' percentile and recurrence intervals of 7-day average discharges.\r\n\r\nComparisons of minimum 7-day average discharges at six selected gaging stations with long-term records (two from each physiographic province in the State) provided insight into how the 1998-2002 drought compares with previous droughts. At three of the six sites, all located in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Provinces, the minimum 7-day average discharges during the 1998-2002 drought became the minimum flows of record. One of these three sites, the French Broad River at Asheville, has the longest period of discharge records in North Carolina. These comparisons confirmed that th","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055053","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J., 2005, The drought of 1998-2002 in North Carolina — Precipitation and hydrologic conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5053, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055053.","productDescription":"98 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6482,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5053/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72227.htm"},{"id":120987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5053.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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,{"id":70841,"text":"sir20055126 - 2005 - The fishes of Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:22","indexId":"sir20055126","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5126","title":"The fishes of Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, 2003","docAbstract":"Fish communities were sampled from eight sites within Hot Springs National Park. Fish were collected by seining and electrofishing during base-flow periods in July and October 2003. All individuals were identified to species. More than 1,020 individuals were collected, representing 24 species. The number of species collected at the sites ranged from 5 to 19. Central stoneroller, orangebelly darter, and longear sunfish were among the more abundant fish species at most sites. These species are typical of small streams in this area. \r\n\r\nAn expected species list incorrectly listed 35 species because of incorrect species range or habitat requirements. Upon revising this list, the inventory yielded 24 of the 51 expected species (47 percent). \r\n\r\nNo species collected in 2003 were federally-listed threatened or endangered species. However, two species collected at Hot Springs National Park may be of special interest to National Park Service managers and others. The Ouachita madtom is endemic to the Ouachita Mountains and is listed as a species of special concern by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission. The grass carp, which is a native of eastern Asia, is present in Ricks Pond; one individual was collected and no other grass carp were observed. The introduction of grass carp into the United States is a controversial issue because of possible (but undocumented) harmful effects on native species and habitats.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055126","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., and Justus, B., 2005, The fishes of Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, 2003 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5126, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055126.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6477,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6,37.63333333333333 ], [ -94.6,37 ], [ -93.56666666666666,37 ], [ -93.56666666666666,37.63333333333333 ], [ -94.6,37.63333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691d70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Justus, B. G.","contributorId":49825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justus","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70815,"text":"ofr20051189 - 2005 - Reported historic asbestos mines, historic asbestos prospects, and natural asbestos occurrences in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:37","indexId":"ofr20051189","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1189","title":"Reported historic asbestos mines, historic asbestos prospects, and natural asbestos occurrences in the eastern United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051189","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., 2005, Reported historic asbestos mines, historic asbestos prospects, and natural asbestos occurrences in the eastern United States (Online only, Version 2.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1189, 1 plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051189.","productDescription":"1 plate","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6561,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88,30 ], [ -88,47 ], [ -67,47 ], [ -67,30 ], [ -88,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online only, Version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70823,"text":"ofr20051200 - 2005 - Digital data and derivative products from a high-resolution aeromagnetic survey of the central San Luis basin, covering parts of Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla, and Rio Grande counties, Colorado, and Taos county, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:04","indexId":"ofr20051200","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1200","title":"Digital data and derivative products from a high-resolution aeromagnetic survey of the central San Luis basin, covering parts of Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla, and Rio Grande counties, Colorado, and Taos county, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This report describes data collected from a high-resolution aeromagnetic survey flown over the central San Luis basin during October, 2004, by PRJ, Inc., on contract to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The survey extends from just north of Alamosa, Colorado, southward to just northwest of Taos, New Mexico. It covers large parts of the San Luis Valley in Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla, and Rio Grande Counties, southern Colorado, and the Taos Plateau in Taos County, northern New Mexico. The survey was designed to complement two surveys previously acquired along the eastern borders of the San Luis Basin over the vicinities of Taos, New Mexico (Bankey and others, 2004a) and Blanca, Colorado (Bankey and others, 2004b). Our overall objective in conducting these surveys is to improve knowledge of the subsurface geologic framework in order to understand ground-water systems in populated alluvial basins along the Rio Grande. These USGS efforts are conducted in collaboration with other federal, state, and local governmental entities where possible.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051200","usgsCitation":"Bankey, V., Grauch, V.J., Webbers, A., and PRJ, I., 2005, Digital data and derivative products from a high-resolution aeromagnetic survey of the central San Luis basin, covering parts of Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla, and Rio Grande counties, Colorado, and Taos county, New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1200, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051200.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6567,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bankey, Viki viki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bankey","given":"Viki","email":"viki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":283075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webbers, Ank","contributorId":74782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webbers","given":"Ank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"PRJ, Inc","contributorId":65180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"PRJ","given":"Inc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70806,"text":"sir20055050 - 2005 - Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 14. Interpretation of ground-water geochemistry in catchments other than the Straight Creek catchment, Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T19:06:18.48466","indexId":"sir20055050","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5050","title":"Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 14. Interpretation of ground-water geochemistry in catchments other than the Straight Creek catchment, Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, 2002-2003","docAbstract":"<p><span>&nbsp;</span>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department, is investigating the pre-mining ground-water chemistry at the Molycorp molybdenum mine in the Red River Valley, New Mexico. The primary approach is to determine the processes controlling ground-water chemistry at an unmined, off-site but proximal analog. The Straight Creek catchment, chosen for this purpose, consists of the same Tertiary-age quartz-sericite-pyrite altered andesite and rhyolitic volcanics as the mine site. Straight Creek is about 5 kilometers east of the eastern boundary of the mine site. Both Straight Creek and the mine site are at approximately the same altitude, face south, and have the same climatic conditions.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Thirteen wells in the proximal analog drainage catchment were sampled for ground-water chemistry. Eleven wells were installed for this study and two existing wells at the Advanced Waste-Water Treatment (AWWT) facility were included in this study. Eight wells were sampled outside the Straight Creek catchment: one each in the Hansen, Hottentot, and La Bobita debris fans, four in a well cluster in upper Capulin Canyon (three in alluvial deposits and one in bedrock), and an existing well at the U.S. Forest Service Questa Ranger Station in Red River alluvial deposits. Two surface waters from the Hansen Creek catchment and two from the Hottentot drainage catchment also were sampled for comparison to ground-water compositions. In this report, these samples are evaluated to determine if the geochemical interpretations from the Straight Creek ground-water geochemistry could be extended to other ground waters in the<span>&nbsp;</span>Red River<span>&nbsp;</span>Valley<span>&nbsp;</span>, including the mine site.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total-recoverable major cations and trace metals and dissolved major cations, selected trace metals, anions, alkalinity; and iron-redox species were determined for all surface- and ground-water samples. Rare-earth elements and low-level As, Bi, Mo, Rb, Re, Sb, Se, Te, Th, U, Tl, V, W, Y, and Zr were determined on selected samples. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), mercury, sulfate stable isotope composition (δ<sup>34</sup>S and<span>&nbsp;</span>δ<sup>18</sup>O of sulfate), stable isotope composition of water (δ<sup>2</sup>H and<span>&nbsp;</span>δ<sup>18</sup>O of water) were measured for selected samples.<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>He and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H were measured for age dating on selected samples.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Linear regressions from the Straight Creek ground-water data were used to compare ground-water chemistry trends in non-Straight Creek ground waters with Straight Creek alluvial ground-water chemistry dilution trends. Most of the solute trends for the ground waters are similar to those for Straight Creek but there are some notable exceptions. In lithologies that contain substantial pyrite mineralization, acid waters form with similar chemistries to those in Straight Creek and all the waters tend to be calcium-sulfate type. Hottentot ground waters contain substantially lower calcium concentrations relative to those in Straight Creek. This anomaly results from the exposure of rhyolite porphyry in the Hottentot scar and weathering zone. The rhyolite contains less calcium than the altered andesites and tuffs in the Straight Creek catchment and probably does not have the abundant gypsum and calcite. The Hansen ground waters have reached gypsum saturation and have similar calcium, magnesium, and beryllium concentrations as Straight Creek ground waters but have lower concentrations of fluoride, manganese, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, and lithium. Lower concentrations of elements related to mineralization at Hansen likely reflect the more distal location of Hansen with respect to intrusive centers that provided the heat source for hydrothermal alteration.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The other ground water with water chemistry trends that are outside the Straight Creek trends was from an alluvial well from Capulin Canyon (CC2A). Although it had pH values near 6.0 and most major ions similar to the other<span>&nbsp;</span>Capulin<span>&nbsp;</span>Canyon<span>&nbsp;</span>ground waters, it contained high concentrations of fluoride, manganese, aluminum, iron, beryllium, and zinc similar to a mineralized zone and had low alkalinity.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Saturation indices indicate that solubility constraints continue to provide upper limits on some solute concentrations. Siderite, ferrihydrite, calcite, gypsum, rhodochrosite, and barite provide limits for concentrations of Fe(II), Fe(III), Ca, Mn, and Ba, respectively. Beryllium concentrations may be subject to an upper concentration limit by the solubility of Be(OH)<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>but these concentrations probably are not reached in the ground waters.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ground-water isotopic data were consistent with the meteoric water line estimated for precipitation in the Red River Valley, indicating that all the ground waters examined in this study were meteoric, recent in origin, and showed no substantial indication of evaporation. Tritium-helium-3 and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) age dating were partially successful. Generally, dates were consistent with location and depth of wells. Two samples had good agreement between CFC dates and tritium-helium dates, whereas a third reflected either substantial mixing with younger or older waters or complications arising from excess helium-4. The well at La Bobita appeared to contain a large component of modern water, most likely as a result of mixing with water from<span>&nbsp;</span>Red River<span>&nbsp;</span>alluvial deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055050","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., McCleskey, R.B., Hunt, A.G., and Naus, C.A., 2005, Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 14. Interpretation of ground-water geochemistry in catchments other than the Straight Creek catchment, Red River Valley, Taos County, New Mexico, 2002-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5050, viii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055050.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193185,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6559,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir20055050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415932,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73766.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Taos County","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley, Straight Creek catchment","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.475,\n              36.7167\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.475,\n              36.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.4278,\n              36.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.4278,\n              36.7167\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.475,\n              36.7167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. 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Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Naus, Cheryl A.","contributorId":82749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naus","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70635,"text":"sir20055015 - 2005 - Amphibian research and monitoring initiative: concepts and implementation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T14:12:25.045901","indexId":"sir20055015","displayToPublicDate":"2005-07-06T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5015","title":"Amphibian research and monitoring initiative: concepts and implementation","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20055015","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., Adams, M.J., Battaglin, W.A., Gallant, A.L., James, D.L., Knutson, M., Langtimm, C.A., and Sauer, J., 2005, Amphibian research and monitoring initiative: concepts and implementation: U.S. Geological 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0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, Daniel L.","contributorId":93987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knutson, Melinda","contributorId":27929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70781,"text":"sir20055101 - 2005 - Geochemistry of Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, under low-flow conditions, August 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-04T09:10:38","indexId":"sir20055101","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5101","title":"Geochemistry of Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, under low-flow conditions, August 2002","docAbstract":"Red Mountain Creek, an acid mine drainage stream in southwestern Colorado, was the subject of a synoptic study conducted in August 2002. During the synoptic study, a solution containing lithium chloride was injected continuously to allow for the calculation of streamflow using the tracer-dilution method. Synoptic water-quality samples were collected from 48 stream sites and 29 inflow locations along a 5.4-kilometer study reach. Data from the study provide profiles of pH, concentration, and mass load with a high degree of spatial resolution. Despite the presence of 10 circumneutral inflows, pH remained below 3.4 at all stream sites. Concentration profiles indicate that dissolved concentrations of aluminum, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc exceed chronic aquatic-life standards established by the State of Colorado along the entire study reach. Comparison of total recoverable and dissolved concentrations suggests that most constituents were transported conservatively. Exceptions to this pattern include arsenic, iron, molybdenum, and vanadium, four constituents that were subject to precipitation and(or) sorption reactions as the addition of a circumneutral tributary resulted in a slight increase in instream pH. Evaluation of data from the 29 inflow locations indicates a sharp contrast between the east and west sides of the watershed; inflows from the east side have high constituent concentrations and acidic pH, whereas inflows from the west side have lower concentrations and generally higher pH. Loading profiles, the product of streamflow and concentration, are used to rank potential sources of metals and acidity within the watershed. Four sources account for 83, 72, 70, 69, 64, and 61 percent of the aluminum, iron, arsenic, zinc, copper, and cadmium loading within the study reach, respectively. All four sources appear to be the result of surface inflows that have been affected by mining activities. The relatively small number of major sources and the fact that they are attributable to surface inflows are two factors that may facilitate effective remediation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055101","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Walton-Day, K., and Verplanck, P.L., 2005, Geochemistry of Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, under low-flow conditions, August 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5101, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055101.","productDescription":"86 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6599,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.69176483154297,\n              37.913867495923746\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.64232635498047,\n              37.913867495923746\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.64232635498047,\n              37.98398664126368\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.69176483154297,\n              37.98398664126368\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.69176483154297,\n              37.913867495923746\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":283014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70777,"text":"sir20055067 - 2005 - Simulated changes in water levels caused by potential changes in pumping from shallow aquifers of Virginia Beach, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T13:46:02.592782","indexId":"sir20055067","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5067","title":"Simulated changes in water levels caused by potential changes in pumping from shallow aquifers of Virginia Beach, Virginia","docAbstract":"A steady-state ground-water flow model of the southern watersheds of Virginia Beach, Virginia, was refined and used to simulate changes in aquifer water levels caused by potential changes in pumping in the Transition Area of Virginia Beach, Va., a 20-square mile planning zone that runs through the middle of the city. Cessation of dewatering at borrow pits, pumping to irrigate a golf course, pumping to irrigate lawns of a hypothetical neighborhood, and pumping to irrigate both the golf course and lawns of the hypothetical neighborhood were simulated.\r\n\r\nSimulated recoveries from cessation of dewatering of borrow pits were generally restricted to the immediate area of the pits. The simulated recoveries averaged about 20 feet (ft) near the center of the cells representing the active areas of the pits and 2 ft at the cells representing the extent of the pits.\r\n\r\nAt a golf course, 4 hypothetical wells pumping 300,000 gallons per day (gal/d) from the Yorktown sand aquifer resulted in drawdowns averaging 10 ft in the pumping cells and 1 ft at a distance of 1.2 miles (mi) from the center of the pumping cells. The extent of the 1-ft drawdown was virtually the same as that simulated previously and reported in a permit application for the golf course.\r\n\r\nSimulated pumping of 150,000 gal/d from 4 cells in the confined sand aquifer representing a 40-acre neighborhood resulted in drawdowns averaging 7 ft in the pumping cells and 1 ft at a distance of 0.8 mi from the center of the cells. Simulated pumping of 300,000 gal/d from the same 4 cells resulted in drawdowns averaging 15 ft in the pumping cells and 1 ft at a distance of 1.4 mi from the center of the cells.\r\n\r\nSimulated pumping of 150,000 gal/d at the golf course and another 150,000 gal/d in the hypothetical neighborhood resulted in drawdowns that averaged 5 ft around the cells representing the golf course wells spaced 1,300 ft apart and 7 ft around the contiguous cells representing the 40-acre neighborhood. A drawdown of 1 ft encompassed most of the eastern half of the Transition Area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055067","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.S., 2005, Simulated changes in water levels caused by potential changes in pumping from shallow aquifers of Virginia Beach, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5067, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055067.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389709,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_72163.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Virginia Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.20048522949219,\n              36.78234211862812\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.98762512207031,\n              36.78234211862812\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.98762512207031,\n              36.915313280602795\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.20048522949219,\n              36.915313280602795\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.20048522949219,\n              36.78234211862812\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b1e4b07f02db5c929d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Barry S.","contributorId":21532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70760,"text":"cir1275 - 2005 - Impact of anthropogenic development on coastal ground-water hydrology in southeastern Florida, 1900-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-15T12:25:03.845543","indexId":"cir1275","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1275","title":"Impact of anthropogenic development on coastal ground-water hydrology in southeastern Florida, 1900-2000","docAbstract":"Southeastern Florida is an area that has been subject to widely conflicting\r\nanthropogenic stress to the Everglades and coastal ecosystems. This stress is a direct\r\nconsequence of the 20th century economic competition for limited land and water\r\nresources needed to satisfy agricultural development and its expansion, its displacement\r\nby burgeoning urban development, and the accompanying growth of the limestone\r\nmining industry. The development of a highly controlled water-management\r\nsystem designed to reclaim land for urban and agricultural development has severely\r\nimpacted the extent, character, and vitality of the historic Everglades and coastal\r\necosystems. An extensive conveyance system of canals, levees, impoundments, surface-\r\nwater control structures, and numerous municipal well fields are used to sustain\r\nthe present-day Everglades hydrologic system, prevent overland flow from moving\r\neastward and flooding urban and agricultural areas, maintain water levels to prevent\r\nsaltwater intrusion, and provide an adequate water supply. Extractive mining activities\r\nexpanded considerably in the latter part of the 20th century, largely in response to\r\nurban construction needs.\r\nMuch of the present-day urban-agricultural corridor of southeastern Florida lies\r\nwithin an area that is no more than 15 feet above NGVD 1929 and formerly characterized\r\nby freshwater marsh, upland, and saline coastal wetland ecosystems. Miami-\r\nDade, Broward, and Palm Beach Counties have experienced explosive population\r\ngrowth, increasing from less than 4,000 inhabitants in 1900 to more than 5 million\r\nin 2000. Ground-water use, the principal source of municipal supply, has increased\r\nfrom about 65 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) obtained from 3 well fields in 1930\r\nto more than 770 Mgal/d obtained from 65 well fields in 1995. Water use for\r\nagricultural supply increased from 505 Mgal/d in 1953 to nearly 1,150 Mgal/d in\r\n1988, but has since declined to 764 Mgal/d in 1995, partly as a result of displacement\r\nof the agricultural industry by urban growth. Present-day agricultural supplies are\r\nobtained largely from surface-water sources in Palm Beach County and ground-water\r\nsources in Miami-Dade County, whereas Broward County agricultural growers have\r\nbeen largely displaced.\r\nThe construction of a complex canal drainage system and large well fields has\r\nsubstantially altered the surface- and ground-water hydrologic systems. The drainage\r\nsystem constructed between 1910 and 1928 mostly failed to transport flood\r\nflows, however, and exacerbated periods of low rainfall and drought by overdraining\r\nthe surficial aquifer system. Following completion of the 1930s Hoover Dike\r\nlevee system that was designed to reduce Lake Okeechobee flood flows, the Central\r\nand Southern Florida Flood Control Project initiated the restructure of the existing\r\nconveyance system in 1948 through canal expansion, construction of protective\r\nlevees and control structures, and greater management of ground-water levels in the\r\nsurficial aquifer system.\r\nGated canal control structures discharge excess surface water during the wet\r\nseason and remain closed during the dry season to induce recharge by canal seepage\r\nand well withdrawals. Management of surface water through canal systems has successfully\r\nmaintained lower ground-water levels inland to curb urban and agricultural\r\nflooding, and has been used to increase ground-water levels near the coast to impede\r\nsaltwater intrusion. Coastal discharge, however, appears to have declined, due in part\r\nto water being rerouted to secondary canals, and to induced recharge to the surficial\r\naquifer system by large municipal withdrawals.  Southeastern Florida is underlain by Holocene- to Tertiary-age karstic limestone\r\ndeposits that form (in descending order): a highly prolific surficial aquifer system, a\r\npoorly permeable intermediate confining system, and a permeable Floridan aquifer\r\nsystem. Prior to construction of a complex drainage netwo","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1275","isbn":"0607962863","usgsCitation":"Renken, R.A., Dixon, J., Koehmstedt, J.A., Ishman, S., Lietz, A., Marella, R.L., Telis, P.A., Rodgers, J., and Memberg, S., 2005, Impact of anthropogenic development on coastal ground-water hydrology in southeastern Florida, 1900-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1275, ix, 77 p. :, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1275.","productDescription":"ix, 77 p. :","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6653,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/circ1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":387725,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/circ1275//pdf/cir1275.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIRC 1275"},{"id":192663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.606689453125,\n              25.105497373014686\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.530029296875,\n              25.105497373014686\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.530029296875,\n              27.088473156555896\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.606689453125,\n              27.088473156555896\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.606689453125,\n              25.105497373014686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f99d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renken, Robert A. rarenken@usgs.gov","contributorId":269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"Robert","email":"rarenken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":282990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Joann","contributorId":19981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Joann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koehmstedt, John A.","contributorId":77615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehmstedt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ishman, Scott","contributorId":49881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishman","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lietz, A.C.","contributorId":40957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marella, Richard L. 0000-0003-4861-9841 rmarella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4861-9841","contributorId":2443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marella","given":"Richard","email":"rmarella@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Telis, Pamela A. patelis@usgs.gov","contributorId":1461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Telis","given":"Pamela","email":"patelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rodgers, Jeff","contributorId":31846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Memberg, Steven","contributorId":27563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Memberg","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70676,"text":"ofr20051171 - 2005 - Vitrinite reflectance data for the Permian Basin, west Texas and southeast New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-02T13:13:27","indexId":"ofr20051171","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1171","title":"Vitrinite reflectance data for the Permian Basin, west Texas and southeast New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents a compilation of vitrinite reflectance (Ro) data based on analyses of samples of drill cuttings collected from 74 boreholes spread throughout the Permian Basin of west Texas and southeast New Mexico (fig. 1). The resulting data consist of 3 to 24 individual Ro analyses representing progressively deeper stratigraphic units in each of the boreholes (table 1). The samples, Cambrian-Ordovician to Cretaceous in age, were collected at depths ranging from 200 ft to more than 22,100 ft.</p><p>The R<sub>0</sub> data were plotted on maps that depict three different maturation levels for organic matter in the sedimentary rocks of the Permian Basin (figs. 2-4). These maps show depths at the various borehole locations where the R<sub>0</sub> values were calculated to be 0.6 (fig. 2), 1.3 (fig. 3), and 2.0 (fig. 4) percent, which correspond, generally, to the onset of oil generation, the onset of oil cracking, and the limit of oil preservation, respectively.</p><p>The four major geologic structural features within the Permian Basin–Midland Basin, Delaware Basin, Central Basin Platform, and Northwest Shelf (fig. 1) differ in overall depth, thermal history and tectonic style. In the western Delaware Basin, for example, higher maturation is observed at relatively shallow depths, resulting from uplift and eastward basin tilting that began in the Mississippian and ultimately exposed older, thermally mature rocks. Maturity was further enhanced in this basin by the emplacement of early and mid-Tertiary intrusives. Volcanic activity also appears to have been a controlling factor for maturation of organic matter in the southern part of the otherwise tectonically stable Northwest Shelf (Barker and Pawlewicz, 1987). Depths to the three different Ro values are greatest in the eastern Delaware Basin and southern Midland Basin. This appears to be a function of tectonic activity related to the Marathon-Ouachita orogeny, during the Late-Middle Pennsylvanian, whose affects were widespread across the Permian Basin. The Central Basin Platform has been a positive feature since the mid to-late Paleozoic, during which time sedimentation occurred along its flanks. This nonsubsidence, along with the lack of supplemental heating (volcanism), implies lower maturation levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051171","usgsCitation":"Pawlewicz, M., Barker, C., and McDonald, S., 2005, Vitrinite reflectance data for the Permian Basin, west Texas and southeast New Mexico (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1171, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051171.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Permian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.05078125,\n              28.76765910569123\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              28.76765910569123\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              35.22767235493586\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.05078125,\n              35.22767235493586\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.05078125,\n              28.76765910569123\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fda69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark","contributorId":69212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, Sargent","contributorId":74456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Sargent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70637,"text":"sir20045241 - 2005 - Remote sensing for environmental site screening and watershed evaluation in Utah Mine lands: East Tintic mountains, Oquirrh mountains, and Tushar mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T20:08:18.850387","indexId":"sir20045241","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5241","title":"Remote sensing for environmental site screening and watershed evaluation in Utah Mine lands: East Tintic mountains, Oquirrh mountains, and Tushar mountains","docAbstract":"<p>Imaging spectroscopy-a powerful remote-sensing tool for mapping subtle variations in the composition of minerals, vegetation, and man-made materials on the Earth's surface-was applied in support of environmental assessments and watershed evaluations in several mining districts in the State of Utah. Three areas were studied through the use of Landsat 7 ETM+ and Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data: (1) the Tintic mining district in the East Tintic Mountains southwest of Provo, (2) the Camp Floyd mining district (including the Mercur mine) and the Stockton (or Rush Valley) mining district in the Oquirrh Mountains south of the Great Salt Lake, and (3) the Tushar Mountains and Antelope Range near Marysvale. </p><p>The Landsat 7 ETM+ data were used for initial site screening and the planning of AVIRIS surveys. The AVIRIS data were analyzed to create spectrally defined maps of surface minerals with special emphasis on locating and characterizing rocks and soils with acid-producing potential (APP) and acid-neutralizing potential (ANP). These maps were used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for three primary purposes: (1) to identify unmined and anthropogenic sources of acid generation in the form of iron sulfide and (or) ferric iron sulfate-bearing minerals such as jarosite and copiapite; (2) to seek evidence for downstream or downwind movement of minerals associated with acid generation, mine waste, and (or) tailings from mines, mill sites, and zones of unmined hydrothermally altered rocks; and (3) to identify carbonate and other acid-buffering minerals that neutralize acidic, potentially metal bearing, solutions and thus mitigate potential environmental effects of acid generation. </p><p>Calibrated AVIRIS surface-reflectance data were spectrally analyzed to identify and map selected surface materials. Two maps were produced from each flightline of AVIRIS data: a map of iron-bearing minerals and water having absorption features in the spectral region from 0.35 <i>µ</i>m to 1.35 <i>µ</i>m and a map of minerals (including clays, sulfates, micas, and carbonates) having absorptions in the spectral region from 1.45 <i>µ</i>m to 2.51 <i>µ</i>m. Several methods were used to verify the AVIRIS mapping results, including field checking of selected locations with a portable spectrometer, visual inspection of the AVIRIS reflectance spectra, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of field samples. </p><p>The maps of iron-bearing minerals derived from analysis of the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum were shown to be more consistently reliable in indicating the presence of jarosite than were the maps generated from analysis of the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region. When present in abundance, phyllosilicate minerals tend to dominate the SWIR and mask the spectral features of jarosite in that wavelength region. The crystal field absorptions of jarosite in the VIS and NIR spectral regions will commonly be present regardless of whether the Fe-OH absorption feature near 2.27 <i>µ</i>m can be detected. For this reason, the VIS and NIR were preferable to the SWIR for the remote spectroscopic identification of jarosite (and other iron-bearing minerals). </p><p>Large exposures of unmined hydrothermally altered rocks occur throughout the three study areas. These rocks commonly contain sulfide or sulfate minerals that produce sulfuric acid upon subaerial oxidation. The acid may be introduced into local surface and ground water and thus lower the baseline (that is, the premining) pH for a watershed. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045241","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, B.W., McDougal, R., and Gent, C.A., 2005, Remote sensing for environmental site screening and watershed evaluation in Utah Mine lands: East Tintic mountains, Oquirrh mountains, and Tushar mountains (Version 1.2): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5241, Report: viii, 84 p.; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045241.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 84 p.; Figures","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410962,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_73988.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8924,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5241/sirHist.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5241/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7886,"rank":2,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5241/figures.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"East Tintic Mountains, Oquirrh Mountains, Tushar Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.29022483358571,\n              40.93599326796834\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.29022483358571,\n              37.86776389090204\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.17415878264146,\n              37.86776389090204\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.17415878264146,\n              40.93599326796834\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.29022483358571,\n              40.93599326796834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDougal, Robert R.","contributorId":53418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gent, Carol A.","contributorId":40646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70209548,"text":"70209548 - 2005 - Contrasting Proterozoic basement complexes near the truncated margin of Laurentia, northwestern Sonora–Arizona international border region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T14:27:13.155261","indexId":"70209548","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-01T11:19:27","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contrasting Proterozoic basement complexes near the truncated margin of Laurentia, northwestern Sonora–Arizona international border region","docAbstract":"<p>We utilize new geological mapping, conventional isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon analyses, and whole-rock radiogenic isotope characteristics to distinguish two contrasting Proterozoic basement complexes in the international border region southeast of Yuma, Arizona. Strategically located near the truncated southwest margin of Laurentia, these Proterozoic exposures are separated by a northwest-striking Late Cretaceous batholith. Although both complexes contain strongly deformed Paleoproterozoic granitoids (augen gneisses) intruded into fine-grained host rocks, our work demonstrates marked differences in age, host rock composition, and structure between the two areas.</p><p>The Western Complex reveals a &gt;5-km-thick tilted section of finely banded felsic, intermediate, and mafic orthogneiss interspersed with tabular intrusive bodies of medium-grained leucocratic biotite granite (1696 ± 11 Ma; deepest level), medium-grained hornblende-biotite granodiorite (1722 ± 12 Ma), and coarse-grained porphyritic biotite granite (1725 ± 19 Ma; shallowest level). Penetrative ductile deformation has converted the granites to augen gneisses and caused isoclinal folding and transposition of primary contacts. Exposed in a belt of northwest-trending folds, these rocks preserve southwest-vergent shear fabric annealed during amphibolite facies metamorphism, when crystalloblastic textures developed. Deformation and regional metamorphism occurred before emplacement of 1.1 Ga(?) mafic dikes.</p><p>Throughout the Eastern Complex, meta-arkose, quartzite, biotite schist, and possible felsic metavolcanic rocks comprise the country rocks of strongly foliated medium- and coarse-grained biotite granite augen gneisses that yield mean<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>206</sup>Pb ages of 1646 ± 10 Ma, 1642 ± 19 Ma, and 1639 ± 15 Ma. Detrital zircons from four samples of host sandstone are isotopically disturbed; nevertheless, the data indicate a restricted provenance (ca. 1665 Ma to 1650 Ma), with two older grains (1697 and 1681 Ma). The pervasively recrystallized Paleoproterozoic map units strike parallel to foliation and are repeated in south-trending folds that are locally refolded about easterly hinges. Southeasterly lineation developed in augen gneiss and host strata becomes penetrative in local domains of L-tectonite. Regional metamorphism associated with this tectonism persisted until ca. 1590 Ma, as recorded by metamorphic growths within some zircon grains. Mesoproterozoic intrusions that crosscut the Paleoproterozoic metasediments and augen gneisses include coarsely porphyritic biotite granite (1432 ± 6 Ma) and diabase dikes (1.1 Ga?). Emplacement of the granite was accompanied by secondary high-U overgrowths, dated at 1433 ± 8 Ma, on some of the Paleoproterozoic detrital zircons, and apparently was also responsible for resetting the whole-rock Pb isotopic systematics (1441 ± 39 Ma) within these Eastern Complex augen gneisses.</p><p>Younger plutons emplaced into both Proterozoic basement complexes include medium-grained quartz diorite (73.4 ± 3.3 Ma and 72.8 ± 1.7 Ma), Late Cretaceous hornblende-biotite granodiorite, and Paleogene leucocratic biotite granite. Neogene sedimentary and volcanic strata overlie basement along unconformities that are tilted to the northeast, southeast, or southwest. A brittle normal fault, dipping gently northeast, juxtaposes Tertiary andesite with Paleoproterozoic metasandstone. These relationships suggest that the area shares a common history of mid-Tertiary extension with southwestern Arizona. Later influence of the southern San Andreas fault system is implied by multiple dextral offsets of pre-Tertiary units across northwest-trending valleys.</p><p>Our structural, geochronologic, and isotopic data provide new information to constrain pre–750 Ma Rodinia reconstructions involving southwestern Laurentia. Whole-rock U-Th-Pb and Rb-Sr isotopic systematics in both Paleoproterozoic gneiss complexes are disturbed, however, well-behaved Sm-Nd analyses preserve depleted initial ε<sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values (+2 to +4) that are distinct from the Mojave crustal province, but overlapping with the Yavapai and Mazatzal Provinces of Arizona. The Eastern Complex has the appropriate age and Nd isotopic signature to be part of the Mazatzal Province, but records major tectonism and metamorphism at ca. 1.6 Ga that postdates the Mazatzal orogeny. Deformed granitoids of the Western Complex have “Yavapai-type” ages and ε<sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>but display structures discordant to the southwesterly Yavapai trend in central Arizona. The Western Complex lies along-strike with similar-age rocks (1.77 Ga to 1.69 Ga) of the “Caborca block” that have only been studied in detail near Quitovac and south of Caborca. Collectively, these rocks form a northwest-trending strip of basement situated at the truncated edge of Laurentia. The present-day basement geography may reflect an original oroclinal bend in the Yavapai orogenic belt. Alternatively, the western Proterozoic belt of Sonora may represent displaced fragments of basement juxtaposed against the Yavapai-Mazatzal Provinces along a younger sinistral transform fault (e.g., the Late Jurassic Mojave-Sonora megashear or the Permian Coahuila transform). Crustal blocks with these specific petrologic, geochronologic, and isotopic characteristics can be found in south-central and northeastern portions of the Australian Proterozoic basement, further supporting a connection between the two continents prior to breakup of the Rodinian supercontinent.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Mojave-Sonora megashear hypothesis: Development, assessment, and alternatives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2393-0.123","usgsCitation":"Nourse, J.A., Premo, W.R., Iriondo, A., and Stahl, E.R., 2005, Contrasting Proterozoic basement complexes near the truncated margin of Laurentia, northwestern Sonora–Arizona international border region, chap. <i>of</i> The Mojave-Sonora megashear hypothesis: Development, assessment, and alternatives, v. 393, p. 123-182, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2393-0.123.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"182","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.740478515625,\n              36.12012758978146\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.86279296875,\n              30.619004797647808\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.061279296875,\n              28.806173508854776\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.77587890625,\n              29.017748018496047\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.84130859375,\n              32.25926542645933\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.4677734375,\n              35.43381992014202\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.50976562499999,\n              37.42252593456307\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.32275390624999,\n              37.35269280367274\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.740478515625,\n              36.12012758978146\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"393","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nourse, Jonathan A.","contributorId":223986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nourse","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iriondo, Alexander","contributorId":23619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iriondo","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stahl, Eric R.","contributorId":223987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stahl","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70609,"text":"sir20055071 - 2005 - Water quality, hydrology, and phosphorus loading to Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of winter aeration and ground-water inputs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:31:05","indexId":"sir20055071","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5071","title":"Water quality, hydrology, and phosphorus loading to Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of winter aeration and ground-water inputs","docAbstract":"<p>Little St. Germain Lake is a 978-acre, multibasin lake in Vilas County, Wisconsin. In the interest of protecting and improving the water quality of the lake, the Little St. Germain Lake District initiated several cooperative studies with the U.S. Geological Survey between 1991 and 2004 to (1) document the water quality and the extent of winter anoxia in the lake, (2) evaluate the success of aerators at eliminating winter anoxia, (3) develop water and nutrient budgets for the lake, and (4) assess how the water quality of the lake should respond to changes in phosphorus loading. This report presents the results of these cooperative studies with special emphasis on the water quality in the lake since 2000, including the effects of winter aeration and the importance of ground-water contributions of phosphorus to the productivity of the lake.</p>\n<p>Measurements collected during these studies indicate that the water quality in Little St. Germain Lake was consistently different among basins. The West Bay consistently had the best water quality, the South Bay had intermediate water quality, and the East and Upper East Bays consistently had the worst water quality. The water quality in each of the basins was relatively stable from 1991 to 2000; however, since 2001, the West Bay has changed from oligotrophic to mesotrophic, the South Bay has changed from mesotrophic to eutrophic, and the East and Upper East Bays have changed from eutrophic to eutrophic/hypereutrophic.</p>\n<p>Winter anoxia frequently occurred throughout most of the lake, except in the West Bay and just below the ice in the East Bay. To eliminate winter anoxia, coarse-bubble line aerators were installed and operated in the Upper East, East, and South Bays. The aerators in the Upper East and South Bays were very successful at eliminating winter anoxia; however, the aerator in the East Bay had little impact on the dissolved oxygen concentrations throughout its basin.</p>\n<p>Detailed water and phosphorus budgets computed for the lake indicated that inflow from Muskellunge Creek was the major source of phosphorus to the lake and that ground water was the secondary source. Results from a detailed ground-water-flow model indicated that ground water flows into the lake from all sides, except the south sides of the West and Second South Bays. Most of the phosphorus appears to come from natural sources, such as ground water and surface water flowing through relatively undeveloped areas surrounding Little St. Germain Lake and Muskellunge Lake.</p>\n<p>Several empirical water-quality models were used to simulate how the East and Upper East Bays of the lake should respond to reductions in phosphorus loading from Muskellunge Creek. Simulation results indicated that reductions in tributary loading could improve the water quality of the East and Upper East Bays. Improving the water quality of these bays would also improve the water quality of the South and Second South Bays because of the flow of water through the lake. However, even with phosphorus loading from Muskellunge Creek completely eliminated, most of the lake would remain borderline mesotrophic/eutrophic because of the contributions of phosphorus from ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055071","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Little St. Germain Lake District","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Rose, W., and Saad, D.A., 2005, Water quality, hydrology, and phosphorus loading to Little St. Germain Lake, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of winter aeration and ground-water inputs: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5071, viii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055071.","productDescription":"viii, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1991-04-01","temporalEnd":"2004-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6799,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":311328,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5071/pdf/SIR_2005-5071.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Littel St. Germain Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.50561523437499,\n              45.89550409759517\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.50561523437499,\n              45.94064578150488\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.38133239746092,\n              45.94064578150488\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.38133239746092,\n              45.89550409759517\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.50561523437499,\n              45.89550409759517\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70238533,"text":"70238533 - 2005 - East Molokai and other Kea-trend volcanoes: Magmatic processes and sources as they migrate away from the Hawaiian hot spot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T18:44:04.83895","indexId":"70238533","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-28T12:26:04","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"East Molokai and other Kea-trend volcanoes: Magmatic processes and sources as they migrate away from the Hawaiian hot spot","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>There are geochemical differences between shield lavas from the two parallel trends, Kea and Loa, defined by young Hawaiian volcanoes. The shield of East Molokai volcano, at greater than 1.5 Ma, is the oldest volcano on the Kea trend. Sequences of older tholeiitic to younger alkalic basalt that erupted as this volcano evolved from the shield to postshield stage of volcanism are well exposed. Much younger, ∼0.34–0.57 Ma, alkalic basalt and basanite erupted during rejuvenated stage volcanism. Like rejuvenated stage lavas erupted at other Hawaiian volcanoes, rejuvenated stage East Molokai lavas have relatively low&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr and high&nbsp;</span><sup>143</sup><span>Nd/</span><sup>144</sup><span>Nd. Such ratios reflect a source component with a long-term depletion in abundance of incompatible elements. On the basis of positive correlations of&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr versus&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb and negative correlations of these isotopic ratios with Nb/Zr, a smaller proportion of this depleted component also contributed to the late shield/postshield lavas erupted at East Molokai and the other Kea-trend volcanoes, Haleakala and Mauna Kea. At each of these Kea-trend volcanoes, as the volcano moved away from the hot spot, the extent of melting and magma supply from the mantle decreased, the depth of melt segregation increased, and there was an increasing role for a component with long-term relative depletion in incompatible elements. This depleted component has Kea-trend Pb isotopic characteristics and relatively low&nbsp;</span><sup>208</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb at a given&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb, and it is probably not related to oceanic lithosphere or the source of mid-ocean ridge basalt. The overlap in Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios of recent Kilauea shield lavas and 550 ka Mauna Kea shield lavas has been used to argue that Kea-trend shield volcanism samples a vertically continuous, geochemically distinct stripe which persisted in the hot spot source for 550 kyr (Eisele et al., 2003; Abouchami et al., 2005). As Kea-trend volcanoes migrate away from the hot spot and evolve from the shield to postshield stage, there are systematic changes in Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios. However, the overlap of Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios in late shield/postshield lavas from Mauna Kea (&lt;350 ka) and East Molokai (∼1.5 Ma) show that the periphery of the hot spot sampled by Kea-trend postshield lavas also had long-term geochemical homogeneity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004GC000830","usgsCitation":"Xu, G., Frey, F.A., Clague, D.A., Weis, D., and Beeson, M.H., 2005, East Molokai and other Kea-trend volcanoes: Magmatic processes and sources as they migrate away from the Hawaiian hot spot: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 6, no. 5, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000830.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gc000830","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"East Molokai Volcano, Molokai","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.96464370161624,\n              21.071441403145613\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.96121047407718,\n              21.0624708918498\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9351179447802,\n              21.057344642523958\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.89666579634272,\n              21.050295761368517\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.88567946821772,\n              21.043246546437842\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.86096022993655,\n              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A.","contributorId":167154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frey","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24632,"text":"Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, MIT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weis, Dominique","contributorId":121531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"Dominique","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beeson, Melvin H. mbeeson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"Melvin","email":"mbeeson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70573,"text":"sir20045202 - 2005 - Precipitation-runoff processes in the Feather River basin, northeastern California, and streamflow predictability, water years 1971-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-09T16:01:36.591205","indexId":"sir20045202","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5202","title":"Precipitation-runoff processes in the Feather River basin, northeastern California, and streamflow predictability, water years 1971-97","docAbstract":"<p>Precipitation-runoff processes in the Feather River Basin of northern California determine short- and long-term streamflow variations that are of considerable local, State, and Federal concern. The river is an important source of water and power for the region. The basin forms the headwaters of the California State Water Project. Lake Oroville, at the outlet of the basin, plays an important role in flood management, water quality, and the health of fisheries as far downstream as the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Existing models of the river simulate streamflow in hourly, daily, weekly, and seasonal time steps, but cannot adequately describe responses to climate and land-use variations in the basin. New spatially detailed precipitation-runoff models of the basin have been developed to simulate responses to climate and land-use variations at a higher spatial resolution than was available previously. This report characterizes daily rainfall, snowpack evolution, runoff, water and energy balances, and streamflow variations from, and within, the basin above Lake Oroville. The new model's ability to predict streamflow is assessed. The Feather River Basin sits astride geologic, topographic, and climatic divides that establish a hydrologic character that is relatively unusual among the basins of the Sierra Nevada. It straddles a north-south geologic transition in the Sierra Nevada between the granitic bedrock that underlies and forms most of the central and southern Sierra Nevada and volcanic bedrock that underlies the northernmost parts of the range (and basin). Because volcanic bedrock generally is more permeable than granitic, the northern, volcanic parts of the basin contribute larger fractions of ground-water flow to streams than do the southern, granitic parts of the basin. The Sierra Nevada topographic divide forms a high altitude ridgeline running northwest to southeast through the middle of the basin. The topography east of this ridgeline is more like the rain-shadowed basins of the northeastern Sierra Nevada than the uplands of most western Sierra Nevada river basins. The climate is mediterranean, with most of the annual precipitation occurring in winter. Because the basin includes large areas that are near the average snowline, rainfall and rain-snow mixtures are common during winter storms. Consequently, the overall timing and rates of runoff from the basin are highly sensitive to winter temperature fluctuations. The models were developed to simulate runoff-generating processes in eight drainages of the Feather River Basin. Together, these models simulate streamflow from 98 percent of the basin above Lake Oroville. The models simulate daily water and heat balances, snowpack evolution and snowmelt, evaporation and transpiration, subsurface water storage and outflows, and streamflow to key streamflow gage sites. The drainages are modeled as 324 hydrologic-response units, each of which is assumed homogeneous in physical characteristics and response to precipitation and runoff. The models were calibrated with emphasis on reproducing monthly streamflow rates, and model simulations were compared to the total natural inflows into Lake Oroville as reconstructed by the California Department of Water Resources for April-July snowmelt seasons from 1971 to 1997. The models are most sensitive to input values and patterns of precipitation and soil characteristics. The input precipitation values were allowed to vary on a daily basis to reflect available observations by making daily transformations to an existing map of long-term mean monthly precipitation rates that account for altitude and rain-shadow effects. The models effectively simulate streamflow into Lake Oroville during water years (October through September) 1971-97, which is demonstrated in hydrographs and statistical results presented in this report.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045202","usgsCitation":"Koczot, K.M., Jeton, A.E., McGurk, B., and Dettinger, M., 2005, Precipitation-runoff processes in the Feather River basin, northeastern California, and streamflow predictability, water years 1971-97: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5202, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045202.","productDescription":"92 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6857,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5202/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northeastern California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.84912109375,\n              39.04478604850143\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.94873046875,\n              39.04478604850143\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.94873046875,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84912109375,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84912109375,\n              39.04478604850143\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b98d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jeton, Anne E.","contributorId":45351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGurk, Bruce","contributorId":74457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGurk","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":31743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70549,"text":"ofr20051182 - 2005 - U.S. Geological Survey 2005 oil and gas resource assessment of the central North Slope, Alaska: Play maps and results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T18:22:44.38074","indexId":"ofr20051182","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1182","title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2005 oil and gas resource assessment of the central North Slope, Alaska: Play maps and results","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051182","usgsCitation":"Garrity, C.P., Houseknecht, D.W., Bird, K.J., Potter, C.J., Moore, T.E., Nelson, P.H., and Schenk, C.J., 2005, U.S. Geological Survey 2005 oil and gas resource assessment of the central North Slope, Alaska: Play maps and results (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1182, Report: 29 p.; ArcGIS Geodatabase, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051182.","productDescription":"Report: 29 p.; ArcGIS Geodatabase","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407981,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_71378.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6933,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156,\n              68.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -146,\n              68.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -146,\n              70.5167\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              70.5167\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              68.2\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613a2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":282628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70541,"text":"ds107 - 2005 - Data on dissolved pesticides and volatile organic compounds in surface and ground waters in the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California, water years 1992-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:45","indexId":"ds107","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"107","title":"Data on dissolved pesticides and volatile organic compounds in surface and ground waters in the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California, water years 1992-1995","docAbstract":"This report contains pesticide, volatile organic compound, major ion, nutrient, tritium, stable isotope, organic carbon, and trace-metal data collected from 149 ground-water wells, and pesticide data collected from 39 surface-water stream sites in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Included with the ground-water data are field measurements of pH, specific conductance, alkalinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. This report describes data collection procedures, analytical methods, quality assurance, and quality controls used by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program to ensure data reliability. Data contained in this report were collected during a four year period by the San Joaquin?Tulare Basins Study Unit of the United States Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nSurface-water-quality data collection began in April 1992, with sampling done three times a week at three sites as part of a pilot study conducted to provide background information for the surface-water-study design. Monthly samples were collected at 10 sites for major ions and nutrients from January 1993 to March 1995. Additional samples were collected at four of these sites, from January to December 1993, to study spatial and temporal variability in dissolved pesticide concentrations. Samples for several synoptic studies were collected from 1993 to 1995.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nGround-water-quality data collection was restricted to the eastern alluvial fans subarea of the San Joaquin Valley. Data collection began in 1993 with the sampling of 21 wells in vineyard land-use settings. In 1994, 29 wells were sampled in almond land-use settings and 9 in vineyard land-use settings; an additional 11 wells were sampled along a flow path in the eastern Fresno County vineyard land-use area. Among the 79 wells sampled in 1995, 30 wells were in the corn, alfalfa, and vegetable land-use setting, and 1 well was in the vineyard land-use setting; an additional 20 were flow-path wells. Also sampled in 1995 were 28 wells used for a regional assessment of ground-water quality in the eastern San Joaquin Valley.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds107","usgsCitation":"Kinsey, W.B., Johnson, M.V., and Gronberg, J.M., 2005, Data on dissolved pesticides and volatile organic compounds in surface and ground waters in the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California, water years 1992-1995 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 107, 372 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds107.","productDescription":"372 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6906,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ds107/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinsey, Willie B.","contributorId":16925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinsey","given":"Willie","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Mark V.","contributorId":22436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184347,"text":"70184347 - 2005 - Beringia: Intercontinental exchange and diversification of high latitude mammals and their parasites during the Pliocene and Quaternary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T16:25:42","indexId":"70184347","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5178,"text":"Mammal Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beringia: Intercontinental exchange and diversification of high latitude mammals and their parasites during the Pliocene and Quaternary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Beringia is the region spanning eastern Asia and northwestern North America that remained ice-free during the full glacial events of the Pleistocene. Numerous questions persist regarding the importance of this region in the evolution of northern faunas. Beringia has been implicated as both a high latitude refugium and as the crossroads (Bering Land Bridge) of the northern continents for boreal mammals. The Beringian Coevolution Project (BCP) is an international collaboration that has provided material to assess the pattern and timing of faunal exchange across the crossroads of the northern continents and the potential impact of past climatic events on differentiation. Mammals and associated parasite specimens have been collected and preserved from more than 200 field sites in eastern Russia, Alaska and northwestern Canada since 1999. Previously, fossils and taxonomic comparisons between Asia and North America mammals have shed light on these events. Molecular phylogenetics based on BCP specimens is now being used to trace the history of faunal exchange and diversification. We have found substantial phylogeographic structure in the Arctic and in Beringia in mustelid carnivores, arvicoline rodents, arctic hares and soricine shrews, including spatially concordant clades and contact zones across taxa that correspond to the edges of Beringia. Among the tapeworms of these mammalian hosts, new perspectives on diversity have also been developed. </span><i>Arostrilepis horrida</i><span> (Hymenolepididae) was considered to represent a single widespread and morphologically variable species occurring in a diversity of voles and lemmings in eastern and western Beringia and more broadly across the Holarctic region. The BCP has demonstrated a complex of at least 10 species that are poorly differentiated morphologically. The diversity of </span><i>Paranoplocephala</i><span> spp. and </span><i>Anolocephaloides</i><span> spp. (Anoplocephalidae) in Beringia included relatively few widespread and morphologically variable species in arvicolines. BCP collections have changed this perspective, allowing the recognition of a series of highly endemic species of </span><i>Paranoplocephala</i><span> that demonstrate very narrow host specificity, and additional species complexes among arvicolines. Thus, extensive, previously unrecognized, diversity for tapeworms of 2 major families characterizes the Beringian fauna. By elucidating evolutionary relationships and phylogeographic variation among populations, species and assemblages, refined views of the sequence and timing of biotic expansion, geographic colonization and impact of episodic climate change have been developed for Beringia. Ultimately, Beringia was a determining factor in the structure and biogeography of terrestrial faunas across the Nearctic and Neotropical regions during the Pliocene and Quaternary.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mammal Society of Japan","doi":"10.3106/1348-6160(2005)30[33:BIEADO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.A., Hoberg, E.P., Koehler, A., Henttonen, H., Wickstrom, L., Haukisalmi, V., Galbreath, K.E., Chernyavski, F., Dokuchaev, N., Lahzuhtkin, A., MacDonald, S.O., Hope, A.G., Waltari, E., Runck, A., Veitch, A., Jenkins, E., Kutz, S., and Eckerlin, R., 2005, Beringia: Intercontinental exchange and diversification of high latitude mammals and their parasites during the Pliocene and Quaternary: Mammal Study, v. 30, no. sp1, p. 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,{"id":70507,"text":"sim2884 - 2005 - Precambrian crystalline basement map of Idaho: An interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T21:20:58.248532","indexId":"sim2884","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2884","title":"Precambrian crystalline basement map of Idaho: An interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies","docAbstract":"Idaho lies within the northern sector of the U.S. Cordillera astride the \r\n        boundary between the Proterozoic continent (Laurentia) to the east and \r\n        the Permian to Jurassic accreted terranes to the west.  The continental \r\n        basement is mostly covered by relatively undeformed Mesoproterozoic \r\n        metasedimentary rocks and intruded or covered by Phanerozoic igneous \r\n        rocks; accordingly, knowledge of the basement geology is poorly \r\n        constrained.  Incremental knowledge gained since the pioneering studies \r\n        by W. Lindgren, C.P. Ross, A.L. Anderson, A. Hietanen, and others during \r\n        the early- and mid-1900's has greatly advanced our understanding of the \r\n        general geology of Idaho.  However, knowledge of the basement geology \r\n        remains relatively poor, partly because of the remoteness of much of the \r\n        region plus the lack of a stimulus to decipher the complex assemblage of \r\n        high-grade gneisses and migmatite of central Idaho.  The availability of \r\n        an updated aeromagnetic anomaly map of Idaho (North American Magnetic \r\n        Anomaly Group, 2002) provides a means to determine the regional \r\n        Precambrian geologic framework of the State.  The combined geologic and \r\n        aeromagnetic data permit identification of previously unrecognized \r\n        crystalline basement terranes, assigned to Archean and Paleoproterozoic \r\n        ages, and the delineation of major shear zones, which are expressed in \r\n        the aeromagnetic data as linear negative anomalies (Finn and Sims, \r\n        2004).  Limited geochronologic data on exposed crystalline basement \r\n        aided by isotopic studies of zircon inheritance, particularly Bickford \r\n        and others (1981) and Mueller and others (1995), provide much of the \r\n        geologic background for our interpretation of the basement geology.  In \r\n        northwestern United States, inhomogeneities in the basement inherited \r\n        from Precambrian tectogenesis controlled many large-scale tectonic \r\n        features that developed during the Phanerozoic.  Two basement \r\n        structures, in particular, provided zones of weakness that were \r\n        repeatedly rejuvenated:  (1) northeast-trending ductile shear zones \r\n        developed on the northwest margin of the Archean Wyoming province during \r\n        the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Montana orogeny (Sims and others, 2004), and \r\n        (2) northwest-trending intra-continental faults of the Mesoproterozoic \r\n        Trans-Rocky Mountain strike-slip fault system (Sims, unpub. data, 2003).  \r\n        In this report, geologic ages are reported in millions of years (Ma) and \r\n        generalized ages are given in billions of years (Ga).  The subdivision \r\n        of Precambrian rocks used herein is the time classification recommended \r\n        by the International Union of Geological Sciences (Plumb, 1991).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2884","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., Lund, K., and Anderson, E., 2005, Precambrian crystalline basement map of Idaho: An interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2884, Report: 21 p.; 1 Plate: 56.50 × 36.50 inches; Metadata: Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2884.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; 1 Plate: 56.50 × 36.50 inches; Metadata: Downloads Directory","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":187804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110559,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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E.","contributorId":100078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70238534,"text":"70238534 - 2005 - Radioisotopic and biostratigraphic age relations in the Coast Range Ophiolite, northern California: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Western Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T19:06:26.49107","indexId":"70238534","displayToPublicDate":"2005-05-01T12:52:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radioisotopic and biostratigraphic age relations in the Coast Range Ophiolite, northern California: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Western Cordillera","docAbstract":"<p>The Coast Range ophiolite (CRO) in northern California includes two distinct remnants. The Elder Creek ophiolite is a classic suprasubduction zone ophiolite with three sequential plutonic suites (layered gabbro, wehrlit-pyroxenite, quartz diorite), a mafic to felsic dike complex, and mafic-felsic volcanic rocks; the entire suite is cut by late mid-oceanic-ridge basalt (MORB) dikes and overlain by ophiolitic breccia. The Stonyford volcanic complex (SFVC) comprises three volcanic series with intercalated chert horizons that form a submarine volcano enclosed in sheared serpentinite. Structurally below this seamount are mélange blocks of CRO similar to Elder Creek.</p><p>U/Pb zircon ages from plagiogranite and quartz diorites at Elder Creek range in age from 165 Ma to 172 Ma. U/Pb zircon ages obtained from CRO mélange blocks below the SFVC are similar (166–172 Ma).<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar-<sup>39</sup>Ar ages of alkali basalt glass in the upper SFVC are all younger at ≈164 Ma. Radiolarians extracted from chert lenses intercalated with basalt in the SFVC indicate that the sedimentary strata range in age from Bathonian (Unitary Association Zone 6–6 of<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"I0016-7606-117-5-633-BAUMGARTNER1\">Baumgartner et al., 1995a</a>) near the base of the complex to late Callovian to early Kimmeridgian (Unitary Association Zones 8–10) in the upper part. The SFVC sedimentary record preserves evidence of a major faunal change wherein relatively small sized, polytaxic radiolarian faunas were replaced by very robust, oligo-taxic, nassellarian-dominated faunas that included<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Praeparvicingula</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spp.</p><p>We suggest that CRO formation began after the early Middle Jurassic (172–180 Ma) collision of an exotic or fringing arc with North America and initiation of a new or reconfigured east-dipping subduction zone. The data show that the CRO formed prior to the Late Jurassic Nevadan orogeny, probably by rapid forearc extension above a nascent subduction zone. We infer that CRO spreading ended with the collision of an oceanic spreading center ca. 164 Ma, coincident with the oldest high-grade blocks in the structurally underlying Franciscan assemblage. We further suggest that the “classic” Nevadan orogeny represents a response to spreading center collision, with shallow subduction of young lithosphere causing the initial compressional deformation and with a subsequent change in North American plate motion to rapid northward drift (J2 cusp) causing sinistral transpression and transtension in the Sierra foothills. These data are not consistent with models for Late Jurassic arc collision in the Sierra foothills or a backarc origin for the CRO.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25443.1","usgsCitation":"Shervais, J., Murchey, B.L., Kimbrough, D.L., Renne, P.R., and Hanan, B., 2005, Radioisotopic and biostratigraphic age relations in the Coast Range Ophiolite, northern California: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Western Cordillera: GSA Bulletin, v. 117, no. 5-6, p. 633-653, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25443.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"633","endPage":"653","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.73012721058606,\n              40.36957762617669\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.95470669447536,\n              40.192835793178716\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.71751337101955,\n              39.91839653077014\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.32586858112697,\n              39.481255320560564\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5536112489444,\n              39.591862843388554\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49845001093107,\n              39.753202807470814\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54809512514294,\n              39.83373143404421\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.53154675373919,\n              39.994505732745694\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.68048209637419,\n              40.20547553087849\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.73012721058606,\n              40.36957762617669\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shervais, John W.","contributorId":237914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shervais","given":"John W.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murchey, Benita L. bmurchey@usgs.gov","contributorId":504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"Benita","email":"bmurchey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":857762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimbrough, David L.","contributorId":211569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Renne, Paul R. 0000-0003-1769-5235","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-5235","contributorId":229577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renne","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37390,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanan, Barry","contributorId":299415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanan","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70466,"text":"sir20045146 - 2005 - Chemical characteristics of ground-water discharge along the south rim of Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2000-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-04T09:14:13","indexId":"sir20045146","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-5146","title":"Chemical characteristics of ground-water discharge along the south rim of Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2000-2001","docAbstract":"Springs flowing from the south rim of Grand Canyon are an important resource of Grand Canyon National Park, offering refuge to endemic and exotic terrestrial wildlife species and maintaining riparian areas. Population growth on the Coconino Plateau has increased the demand for additional development of ground-water resources, and such development could reduce spring discharge and affect the sustainability of riparian areas within the park. In addition, springs are an important source of drinking water for hikers and are culturally and economically important to Native Americans living in the region.\r\n\r\n\r\nWater samples were collected from May 2000 to September 2001 from 20 spring and creek sites that discharge water from the Redwall-Muav Limestone aquifer along the south rim of Grand Canyon. Sample collection sites were described and samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radioactivity, and selected isotopes, and potential sources of ground-water flow to the springs. Rock samples representing the major stratigraphic units of Grand Canyon were collected near the Bright Angel Fault and analyzed for mineralogy, strontium-87/strontium-86, and \r\ncarbon-13/carbon-12.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe chemical composition of water samples collected from a given spring did not vary appreciably over the course of the study. Although water at each spring had a temporally constant composition, the composition was chemically distinct from that of every other spring sampled, indicating spatial variability in the ground-water composition. Most samples had a calcium magnesium bicarbonate composition; a few had a substantial sulfate component. Concentrations of arsenic, nitrate, selenium, uranium, and gross alpha approached or exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Levels in water discharging from some springs. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions varied little among samples, and for most sites the isotopic data plot close to the global meteoric water line or below the local meteoric water line. Isotopic enrichment indicates fractionation due to evaporation occurs at some sites. The evaporative process may occur prior to recharge or post-discharge. Flow paths are differentiated between the eastern part of the study area where strontium-87/strontium-86 values for water from springs and creeks are more radiogenic than strontium-87/strontium-86 values for water that discharges from sites farther west. Tritium and carbon isotope analyses indicate that residence time of ground-water discharge from springs and creeks ranges from less than 50 years to about 3,400 years. Water with a residence time of less than 50 years is absent at several sites. Discharge of most springs and creeks is a mixture of younger and older waters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20045146","usgsCitation":"Monroe, S.A., Antweiler, R.C., Hart, R.J., Taylor, H.E., Truini, M., Rihs, J.R., and Felger, T.J., 2005, Chemical characteristics of ground-water discharge along the south rim of Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2000-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5146, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045146.","productDescription":"71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6428,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2004-5146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.587890625,\n              35.96689214303232\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.84356689453125,\n              35.96689214303232\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.84356689453125,\n              36.48093224547937\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.587890625,\n              36.48093224547937\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.587890625,\n              35.96689214303232\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e4742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monroe, Stephen A.","contributorId":103313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Robert J. bhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Robert","email":"bhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rihs, John R.","contributorId":57954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rihs","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Felger, Tracey J. 0000-0003-0841-4235 tfelger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-4235","contributorId":1117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felger","given":"Tracey","email":"tfelger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70469,"text":"sir20055068 - 2005 - Water-quality, phytoplankton, and trophic-status characteristics of Big Base and Little Base lakes, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:32","indexId":"sir20055068","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5068","title":"Water-quality, phytoplankton, and trophic-status characteristics of Big Base and Little Base lakes, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, 2003-2004","docAbstract":"Little Rock Air Force Base is the largest C-130 base in the Air Force and is the only C-130 training base in the Department of Defense. Little Rock Air Force Base is located in central Arkansas near the eastern edge of the Ouachita Mountains, near the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, and within the Arkansas Valley Ecoregion. Habitats include upland pine forests, upland deciduous forest, broad-leaved deciduous swamps, and two small freshwater lakes?Big Base Lake and Little Base Lake. Big Base and Little Base Lakes are used primarily for recreational fishing by base personnel and the civilian public. Under normal (rainfall) conditions, Big Base Lake has a surface area of approximately 39 acres while surface area of Little Base Lake is approximately 1 acre. \r\n\r\nLittle Rock Air Force Base personnel are responsible for managing the fishery in these two lakes and since 1999 have started a nutrient enhancement program that involves sporadically adding fertilizer to Big Base Lake. As a means of determining the relations between water quality and primary production, Little Rock Air Force Base personnel have a need for biological (phytoplankton density), chemical (dissolved-oxygen and nutrient concentrations), and physical (water temperature and light transparency) data. To address these monitoring needs, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Little Rock Air Force Base, conducted a study to collect and analyze biological, chemical, and physical data. The U.S. Geological Survey sampled water quality in Big Base Lake and Little Base Lake on nine occasions from July 2003 through June 2004. Because of the difference in size, two sampling sites were established on Big Base Lake, while only one site was established on Little Base Lake. \r\n\r\nLake profile data for Big Base Lake indicate that low dissolved- oxygen concentrations in the hypolimnion probably constrain most fish species to the upper 5-6 feet of depth during the summer stratification period. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in Big Base Lake below a depth of 6 feet generally were less than 3 milligrams per liter for summer months that were sampled in 2003 and 2004. \r\n\r\nSome evidence indicates that phosphorus was limiting primary production during the sampling period. Dissolved nitrogen constituents frequently were detected in water samples (indicating availability) but dissolved phosphorus constituents-orthophosphorus and dissolved phosphorus-were not detected in any samples collected at the two lakes. The absence of dissolved phosphorus constituents and presence of total phosphorus indicates that all phosphorus was bound to suspended material (sediment particles and living organisms). Nitrogen:phosphorus ratios on most sampling occasions tended to be slightly higher than 16:1, which can be interpreted as further indication that phosphorus could be limiting primary production to some extent. \r\n\r\nAn alkalinity of 20 milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate or higher is recommended to optimize nutrient availability and buffering capacity in recreational fishing lakes and ponds. Median values for water samples collected at the three sites ranged from 12-13 milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate. Alkalinities ranged from 9-60 milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate, but 13 of 17 samples collected at the deepest site had alkalinities less than 20 milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate. \r\n\r\nResults of three trophic-state indices, and a general trophic classification, as well as abundant green algae and large growths of blue-green algae indicate that Big Base Lake may be eutrophic. Trophic-state index values calculated using total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and Secchi disc measurements from both lakes generally exceeded criteria at which lakes are considered to be eutrophic. A second method of determining lake trophic status-the general trophic classification-categorized the three sampling sites as mesotrophic or eutrophic. Green algae were found to be in abundance throughout mos","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055068","usgsCitation":"Justus, B., 2005, Water-quality, phytoplankton, and trophic-status characteristics of Big Base and Little Base lakes, Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5068, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055068.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6431,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":188859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Justus, B. G.","contributorId":49825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justus","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70401,"text":"sir20055038 - 2005 - Comparison of methods for estimating ground-water recharge and base flow at a small watershed underlain by fractured bedrock in the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-10T10:47:56","indexId":"sir20055038","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5038","title":"Comparison of methods for estimating ground-water recharge and base flow at a small watershed underlain by fractured bedrock in the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"This study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture, compared multiple methods for estimating ground-water recharge and base flow (as a proxy for recharge) at sites in east-central Pennsylvania underlain by fractured bedrock and representative of a humid-continental climate. This study was one of several within the USGS Ground-Water Resources Program designed to provide an improved understanding of methods for estimating recharge in the eastern United States.\r\n\r\nRecharge was estimated on a monthly and annual basis using four methods?(1) unsaturated-zone drainage collected in gravity lysimeters, (2) daily water balance, (3) water-table fluctuations in wells, and (4) equations of Rorabaugh. Base flow was estimated by streamflow-hydrograph separation using the computer programs PART and HYSEP. Estimates of recharge and base flow were compared for an 8-year period (1994-2001) coinciding with operation of the gravity lysimeters at an experimental recharge site (Masser Recharge Site) and a longer 34-year period (1968-2001), for which climate and streamflow data were available on a 2.8-square-mile watershed (WE-38 watershed). \r\n\r\nEstimates of mean-annual recharge at the Masser Recharge Site and WE-38 watershed for 1994-2001 ranged from 9.9 to 14.0 inches (24 to 33 percent of precipitation). Recharge, in inches, from the various methods was: unsaturated-zone drainage, 12.2; daily water balance, 12.3; Rorabaugh equations with PULSE, 10.2, or RORA, 14.0; and water-table fluctuations, 9.9. Mean-annual base flow from streamflow-hydrograph separation ranged from 9.0 to 11.6 inches (21-28 percent of precipitation). Base flow, in inches, from the various methods was: PART, 10.7; HYSEP Local Minimum, 9.0; HYSEP Sliding Interval, 11.5; and HYSEP Fixed Interval, 11.6.\r\n\r\nEstimating recharge from multiple methods is useful, but the inherent differences of the methods must be considered when comparing results. For example, although unsaturated-zone drainage from the gravity lysimeters provided the most direct measure of potential recharge, it does not incorporate spatial variability that is contained in watershed-wide estimates of net recharge from the Rorabaugh equations or base flow from streamflow-hydrograph separation. This study showed that water-level fluctuations, in particular, should be used with caution to estimate recharge in low-storage fractured-rock aquifers because of the variability of water-level response among wells and sensitivity of recharge to small errors in estimating specific yield. To bracket the largest range of plausible recharge, results from this study indicate that recharge derived from RORA should be compared with base flow from the Local-Minimum version of HYSEP.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055038","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., Gburek, W.J., and Folmar, G.J., 2005, Comparison of methods for estimating ground-water recharge and base flow at a small watershed underlain by fractured bedrock in the Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5038, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055038.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":186010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.11666666666666,41.11666666666667 ], [ -77.11666666666666,41.25 ], [ -76.83333333333333,41.25 ], [ -76.83333333333333,41.11666666666667 ], [ -77.11666666666666,41.11666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gburek, William J.","contributorId":51381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gburek","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Folmar, Gordon J.","contributorId":77601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folmar","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70395,"text":"sir20055042 - 2005 - Effects of historical coal mining and drainage from abandoned mines on streamflow and water quality in Bear Creek, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania — March 1999–December 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T20:41:46.353971","indexId":"sir20055042","displayToPublicDate":"2005-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5042","title":"Effects of historical coal mining and drainage from abandoned mines on streamflow and water quality in Bear Creek, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania — March 1999–December 2002","docAbstract":"More than 100 years of anthracite coal mining has changed surface- and ground-water hydrology and contaminated streams draining the Southern Anthracite Coal Field in east-central Pennsylvania. Bear Creek drains the western prong of the Southern Anthracite Coal Field and is affected by metals in drainage from abandoned mines and streamwater losses. Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) developed for dissolved iron of about 5 lb/d (pounds per day) commonly are exceeded in the reach downstream of mine discharges. Restoration of Bear Creek using aerobic ponds to passively remove iron in abandoned mine drainage is under consideration (2004) by the Dauphin County Conservation District. This report, prepared in cooperation with the Dauphin County Conservation District, evaluates chemical and hydrologic data collected in Bear Creek and its receiving waters prior to implementation of mine-drainage treatment. The data collected represent the type of baseline information needed for documentation of water-quality changes following passive treatment of mine drainage in Pennsylvania and in other similar hydrogeologic settings.\r\n\r\nSeven surface-water sites on Bear Creek and two mine discharges were monitored for nearly three years to characterize the chemistry and hydrology of the following: (1) Bear Creek upstream of the mine discharges (BC-UMD), (2) water draining from the Lykens-Williamstown Mine Pool at the Lykens Water-Level Tunnel (LWLT) and Lykens Drift (LD) discharges, (3) Bear Creek after mixing with the mine discharges (BC-DMD), and (4) Bear Creek prior to mixing with Wiconisco Creek (BCM). Two sites on Wiconisco Creek, upstream and downstream of Bear Creek (WC-UBC and WC-DBC, respectively), were selected to evaluate changes in streamflow and water quality upon mixing with Bear Creek. \r\n\r\nDuring periods of below-normal precipitation, streamwater loss was commonly 100 percent upstream of site BC-UMD (streamflow range = 0 to 9.7 ft3/s (cubic feet per second)) but no loss was detected downstream owing to sustained mine water drainage from the Lykens Water-Level Tunnel (range = 0.41 to 3.7 ft3/s), Lykens Drift (range = 0.40 to 6.1 ft3/s), and diffuse zones of seepage. Collectively, mine water inputs contributed about 84 percent of base flow and 53 percent of stormflow measured in the downstream reach. \r\nAn option under consideration by the Dauphin County Conservation District for treatment of the discharge from the LWLT requires the source of the discharge to be captured and rerouted downstream, bypassing approximately 1,000 feet of stream channel. Because streamwater loss upstream of the tunnel was commonly 100 percent, rerouting the discharge from the LWLT may extend the reach of Bear Creek that is subject to dryness. \r\n\r\nDifferences in the chemistry of water discharging from the LWLT compared to the LD suggest that the flow path through the Lykens-Williamstown Mine Pool to each mine discharge is unique. The LWLT is marginally alkaline (median net acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) = 9 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as CaCO3; median pH = 5.9), commonly becomes acidic (minimum net ANC = -74 mg/L as CaCO3) at low flow, and may benefit from alkaline amendments prior to passive treatment. Water discharging from the LD provides excess ANC (median net ANC = 123 mg/L as CaCO3; median pH = 6.5) to the downstream reach and is nearly anoxic at its source (median dissolved oxygen = 0.5 mg/L). Low dissolved oxygen water with relatively high ANC and metals concentrations discharging from the LD is characteristic of a deeper flow path and longer residence time within the mine pool than the more acidic, oxygenated water discharging from the LWLT.\r\n\r\nTMDLs for iron have been developed for dissolved species only. Consequently, distinguishing between dissolved and suspended iron in Bear Creek is important for evaluating water-quality improvement through TMDL attainment. Median total iron concentration increased from 550 mg/L (micrograms per liter) at site BC-UM","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055042","usgsCitation":"Chaplin, J.J., 2005, Effects of historical coal mining and drainage from abandoned mines on streamflow and water quality in Bear Creek, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania — March 1999–December 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5042, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055042.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6942,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394211,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_71628.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Dauphin County","otherGeospatial":"Bear Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.7061,\n              40.5667\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.6894,\n              40.5667\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.6894,\n              40.5892\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7061,\n              40.5892\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7061,\n              40.5667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611ecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaplin, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-0617-5050 jchaplin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-5050","contributorId":147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaplin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jchaplin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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