{"pageNumber":"2321","pageRowStart":"58000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68861,"records":[{"id":1998,"text":"wsp1663I - 1977 - Relation of bulk precipitation and evapotranspiration to water quality and water resources, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:22","indexId":"wsp1663I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1663","chapter":"I","title":"Relation of bulk precipitation and evapotranspiration to water quality and water resources, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, lies in what can be considered a true maritime regime, being 600 miles (1000 kilometers) from the nearest continental landmass. \r\n\r\nThe island is composed almost entirely of volcanic rocks mantled by a thin soil seldom more than 2 feet (60 centimeters) thick. Rainfall, averaging about 40 inches (1020 millimeters) annually, has an orographic distribution related to the central ridge of the island, altitude 600 to 1500 feet (180 to 405 meters), and the easterly to northeasterly trade winds. The mineral content of bulk precipitation falling on the island is derived principally from the sea although soil dust contributes much of the calcium, sodium, and bicarbonate. Two-thirds of the sulfate in the precipitation is provided by sea salts; the remainder is derived from other sources. \r\n\r\nThe concentration of the constituents of bulk precipitation fluctuates widely month to month, but the load of the constituents shows little monthly variation. Bulk precipitation is concentrated on the land surface and in the soil zone. From there it is carried into the ground water during recharge or is removed by storm-water runoff. It is the principal source of minerals in the waters of the island. \r\n\r\nSoil-moisture demand and evaporation limits recharge to 1 to 2 inches (25 to 50 millimeters) annually for the greater part of the island. Evapotranspiration also occurs directly from the aquifer. The salts left further increase the mineralization of the ground water. Water loss from the aquifer by evapotranspiration ranges from 40 to 80 percent of the recharge. Recharge to the aquifers and evapotranspiration of ground water determined by ratios of chloride concentrations in bulk precipitation, surface water, and subsurface water agree favorably with recharge and groundwater loss computed by other means.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1663I","usgsCitation":"Jordan, D.G., and Fisher, D.W., 1977, Relation of bulk precipitation and evapotranspiration to water quality and water resources, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1663, v, 30 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1663I.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1663i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27437,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1663i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c2dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, Donald George","contributorId":44127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Donald W.","contributorId":106468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":106,"text":"wsp2161 - 1977 - Ground-water levels in the United States, 1971-74, northwestern states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp2161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2161","title":"Ground-water levels in the United States, 1971-74, northwestern states","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2161","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Ground-water levels in the United States, 1971-74, northwestern states: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2161, v, 153 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2161.","productDescription":"v, 153 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24711,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2787,"text":"wsp2041 - 1977 - Elements needed in design of a ground-water-quality monitoring network in the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16204,"text":"ofr76263 - 1976 - Elements needed in design of a ground-water quality monitoring network in the Hawaiian Islands","indexId":"ofr76263","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Elements needed in design of a ground-water quality monitoring network in the Hawaiian Islands"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2787,"text":"wsp2041 - 1977 - Elements needed in design of a ground-water-quality monitoring network in the Hawaiian Islands","indexId":"wsp2041","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Elements needed in design of a ground-water-quality monitoring network in the Hawaiian Islands"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp2041","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2041","title":"Elements needed in design of a ground-water-quality monitoring network in the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"The elements needed in the design of a ground-water-quality monitoring network in the Hawaiian Islands are described and summarized. The elements are given by geohydrologie units which represent areas where there are similarities in the occurrence of ground water or in the geology pertinent to the occurrence of ground water. The goal is to establish a network of observation points to inventory and maintain surveillance of existing and potential sources of pollution of ground water. Of principal concern to Hawaii's environment is pollution of the potable ground-water supplies and of the near-shore recreational waters, the latter by the discharge of polluted ground water. \r\n\r\nExisting monitoring efforts, although intensive in many areas, are not adequate because they are geared more toward (1) the detection and surveillance of pollutants in the conveyances of ground water instead of in the sources of ground water and (2) the monitoring of extensive nonpoint sources of pollution instead of from discrete point sources.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2041","usgsCitation":"Takasaki, K.J., 1977, Elements needed in design of a ground-water-quality monitoring network in the Hawaiian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2041, iv, 23 p. :maps (5 fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2041.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :maps (5 fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29262,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2041/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29263,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2041/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29264,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2041/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29265,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2041/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29266,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2041/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29267,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6066f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takasaki, Kiyoshi J.","contributorId":105700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takasaki","given":"Kiyoshi","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2779,"text":"wsp1757N - 1977 - Geohydrology of North Eastern Province, Kenya","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp1757N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1757","chapter":"N","title":"Geohydrology of North Eastern Province, Kenya","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1757N","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, W., and Mundorff, M.J., 1977, Geohydrology of North Eastern Province, Kenya: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1757, iv, 68 p. :ill., maps (5 fold. in pocket) ; 23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1757N.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p. :ill., maps (5 fold. in pocket) ; 23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757n/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29230,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757n/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29231,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757n/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29232,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757n/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29233,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757n/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29234,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757n/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29235,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1757n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ad6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, W.V.","contributorId":80243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"W.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mundorff, Maurice John","contributorId":41404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2566,"text":"wsp1608P - 1977 - Ground-water resources of Cambodia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"wsp1608P","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"P","title":"Ground-water resources of Cambodia","docAbstract":"Cambodia (now the Khmer Republic), in tropical, humid southeast Asia, has an area of 175,630 km and a population of about 5 million. The Mekong River, one of the world's largest rivers, flows through Cambodia. Also, the Tonle Sap (Grand Lac), a highly productive fresh-water lake, functions as a huge off-channel storage reservoir for flood flow of the Mekong River. Surfacewater discharge in streams and rivers of Cambodia is abundant during the wet season, mid-May through mid-November, when 85 percent of the precipitation falls, but is frequently deficient during the remainder of the year. Annual rainfall ranges from 1,370 mm in the central lowlands to more than 5,000 mm in the mountainous highlands. The mean annual temperature for the country is 27.5?C and the evaporation rate is high. \r\n\r\nDuring 1960-63, 1,103 holes were drilled in 16 of the 18 khets (provinces), of which 795 or approximately 72 percent, were productive wells at rates ranging from 1.1 to 2,967 l/min. The productive wells ranged in depth from 2 to 209.4 m and were 23.2 m deep on the average. \r\n\r\nMr. Rasmussen ' studied the subsurface geology of Cambodia in considerable detail by examining drillers' logs and constructing nine geologic cross sections. The principal aquifer tapped by drilled wells in Cambodia is the Old Alluvium. In many places, however, dug wells and a few shallow drilled wells obtain water from the Young Alluvium. Sandstone of the Indosinias Formation yields moderate to small quantities of water to wells in a number of places. Also, wells tapping water-bearing basalt have a small to moderate yield. The quality of water is recorded in only a few analyses. The dissolved solids concentrations appear to be generally low so that the water is usable for most purposes without treatment. Some well waters, however, are high in iron and would have to be aerated and filtered before use. In this report, well records are tabulated, and the geology and hydrology is discussed by khets. The bulk of the available information is on the central lowlands and contiguous low plateaus, as the mountainous areas on the west and the high plateaus on the east are relatively unexplored with respect to their ground-water availability. \r\n\r\nNo persistent artesian aquifer has been identified nor have any large potential ground-water sources been found .although much of the country yet remains to be explored by test drilling. Well irrigation for garden produce is feasible on a modest scale in many localities throughout Cambodia. It does not seem likely, however, that large-scale irrigation from wells will come about in the future. Ground water may be regarded as a widely available supplemental source to surface water for domestic, small-scale industrial, and irrigation use.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608P","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, W., and Bradford, G.M., 1977, Ground-water resources of Cambodia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iv, 122 p. :maps (3 fold. col. in pocket) ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608P.","productDescription":"iv, 122 p. :maps (3 fold. col. in pocket) ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608p/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28832,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608p/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28833,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608p/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28834,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608p/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28835,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608p/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696d00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, William Charles","contributorId":12021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"William Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, Gary M.","contributorId":21529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":109,"text":"wsp2165 - 1977 - Ground-water levels in the United States, 1974, southeastern states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp2165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2165","title":"Ground-water levels in the United States, 1974, southeastern states","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2165","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Ground-water levels in the United States, 1974, southeastern states: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2165, v, 116 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2165.","productDescription":"v, 116 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24714,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1807,"text":"wsp2037 - 1977 - Hydrologic changes after logging in two small Oregon coastal watersheds","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14000,"text":"ofr76172 - 1976 - Hydrologic changes after logging in two small Oregon coastal watersheds","indexId":"ofr76172","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic changes after logging in two small Oregon coastal watersheds"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1807,"text":"wsp2037 - 1977 - Hydrologic changes after logging in two small Oregon coastal watersheds","indexId":"wsp2037","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic changes after logging in two small Oregon coastal watersheds"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:46:09","indexId":"wsp2037","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2037","title":"Hydrologic changes after logging in two small Oregon coastal watersheds","docAbstract":"Effects of clearcut, cable logging on the hydrologic characteristics of a small coastal stream in Oregon indicate an average 181-percent increase in sediment yield over a 7-year postlogging period. Annual runoff and high-flow volumes increased 19 and 1.1 inches (480 and 28 mm), respectively, after logging in the watershed. Clearcutting in small, spaced patches in another watershed resulted in some increase in water and sediment yields, but the increase was not statistically significant. Average monthly April-October maximum water temperatures increased significantly in the principal stream of both the clearcut and 'patch-cut' watersheds. Hydrologic characteristics of both streams generally appear to be returning to prelogging conditions (19731.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ; Washington : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2037","usgsCitation":"Harris, D.D., 1977, Hydrologic changes after logging in two small Oregon coastal watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2037, vi, 31 p. :ill., map ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2037.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p. :ill., map ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26966,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2037/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db61168c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, David Dell","contributorId":24338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Dell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":736,"text":"wsp2137 - 1977 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, part 16, Hawaii and other Pacific areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp2137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2137","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, part 16, Hawaii and other Pacific areas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2137","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, part 16, Hawaii and other Pacific areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2137, ix, 750 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2137.","productDescription":"ix, 750 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2137/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25305,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691bc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":108,"text":"wsp2164 - 1977 - Ground-water levels in the United States, 1973-74, northeastern states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp2164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2164","title":"Ground-water levels in the United States, 1973-74, northeastern states","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2164","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Ground-water levels in the United States, 1973-74, northeastern states: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2164, v, 126 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2164.","productDescription":"v, 126 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2164/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24713,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112341,"text":"70112341 - 1977 - Urban and regional land use change detected by using Landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:13:14","indexId":"70112341","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T15:35:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urban and regional land use change detected by using Landsat data","docAbstract":"<p>The Atlanta Regional Commission and the Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center participated in a demonstration of the use of Landsat digital data to detect land use change in the Atlanta, Ga., area. Temporal overlays combining Landsat band-5 data from October 1972 and 1974 were made by using the General Electric Image 100 system. The 1972 data were divided by the 1974 data, and low ratios indicate areas where land use and land cover had changed. These low ratios were classified into a land-use-change theme. A classification based on the use of the four bands of the multispectral scanner data, taken in 1974, yielded six land use categories: (1) Commercial-industrial-multifamily, (2) single-family residential, (3) cleared land, (4) open space, (5) forested land, and (6) water. These six 1974 categories and the change theme were combined to determine changes between 1972 and 1974.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Todd, W.J., 1977, Urban and regional land use change detected by using Landsat data: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 5, p. 529-534.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315122,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.30609130859375,\n              33.293803558346596\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.30609130859375,\n              34.58347505599177\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.20220947265625,\n              34.58347505599177\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.20220947265625,\n              33.293803558346596\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.30609130859375,\n              33.293803558346596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc5be4b0e83db6d09048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, William J.","contributorId":51595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170983,"text":"70170983 - 1977 - Analysis of street sweepings, Portland, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T08:12:20","indexId":"70170983","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Analysis of street sweepings, Portland, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>A brief study involving collection and analysis of street sweepings was undertaken to provide the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers with data on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of dust and dirt accumulating on Portland streets. Most of the analyses selected were based on the pollutant loads predicted by the Storage, Treatment, Overflow, and Runoff Model (STORM). Five different basins were selected for sampling, and samples were collected three times in each basin. Because the literature reports no methodology for analysis of dust and dirt, the analytical methodology is described in detail. Results of the analyses are summarized in table 1.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/70170983","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.L., Rinella, J.F., McKenzie, S.W., and Parmenter, J., 1977, Analysis of street sweepings, Portland, Oregon: Open-File Report, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70170983.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70170983.jpg"},{"id":324184,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70170983/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.86834716796875,\n              45.32897866218559\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.86834716796875,\n              45.81157210628933\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32177734375,\n              45.81157210628933\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32177734375,\n              45.32897866218559\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.86834716796875,\n              45.32897866218559\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d643de4b07e28b66834d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Timothy L.","contributorId":9263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinella, Joseph F. jrinella@usgs.gov","contributorId":1371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Joseph","email":"jrinella@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":629323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenzie, Stuart W.","contributorId":27841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parmenter, Jerry","contributorId":169318,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parmenter","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207815,"text":"70207815 - 1977 - Epithermal beryllium deposits in water-laid tuff, western Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T14:26:35","indexId":"70207815","displayToPublicDate":"1977-12-31T14:21:49","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epithermal beryllium deposits in water-laid tuff, western Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Epithermal beryllium deposits in western Utah have distinctive geological and geochemical associations that provide guides to exploration for new resources of beryllium and associated metals. Beryllium deposits at Spor Mountain and the Honeycomb Hills are uniquely associated with topaz-bearing rhyolite of Late Tertiary age and are restricted to porous water-laid tuff and breccia that contains carbonate clasts. The beryllium deposits are near both local and regional faults that probably provided conduits for mineralizing fluids.The beryllium deposits contain sizable but uneconomic concentrations of fluorite, lithium (in smectite), manganese oxides, zinc (in smectite and manganese oxides), and uranium, as well as many trace elements. Distinctive zones of argillic and feldspathic alteration enclose the beryllium deposits and generally are parallel to the original stratification of the host tuff. Anomalous concentrations of fluorine, beryllium, cesium, lithium, gallium, niobium, and yttrium occur in relatively unmineralized tuff nearby; these elements form extensive but discontinuous halos around the Spor Mountain beryllium and fluorspar district.The mineralized areas at Spor Mountain and the Honeycomb Hills may be the tops of extensive altered zones that contain deep ore deposits. Anomalous molybdenum, lead, tin, and tungsten in beryllium deposits at Spor Mountain may indicate such leakage. Consideration of possible zonation of ore deposits suggests that if ore deposits do exist at depth, they are in greisens, banded tactites, and medium to high temperature veins similar to the tin-beryllium deposits in the York Mountains of Alaska.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":" Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.72.2.219","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., 1977, Epithermal beryllium deposits in water-laid tuff, western Utah: Economic Geology, v. 72, no. 2, p. 219-232, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.72.2.219.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              39.11727568585598\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.225341796875,\n              39.11727568585598\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.225341796875,\n              40.195659093364654\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              40.195659093364654\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              39.11727568585598\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1977-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208664,"text":"70208664 - 1977 - Leech parasitism of waterfowl in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T11:42:23","indexId":"70208664","displayToPublicDate":"1977-12-31T11:31:38","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leech parasitism of waterfowl in North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>Leech parasitism of waterfowl is widespread in North America. Twenty species of ducks, geese, and swans have been infested by leeches, particularly Theromyzon rude and Placobdella ornata. Sites of attachment include the eyes, nasal passages, and body. Information is lacking on the biology and ecology of duck leeches. Their significance as morbidity and mortality factors and their continental distribution should be determined in relation to waterfowl habitats and populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl Trust","usgsCitation":"Trauger, D.L., and Bartonek, J.C., 1977, Leech parasitism of waterfowl in North America: Wildfowl, v. 28, p. 143-152.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372557,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/559"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              37.71859032558816\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.71874999999999,\n              33.137551192346145\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.8671875,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.3984375,\n              36.31512514748051\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.9296875,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              50.958426723359935\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              57.326521225217064\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.4375,\n              67.06743335108298\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.6484375,\n              68.9110048456202\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.390625,\n              67.06743335108298\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.68749999999997,\n              58.44773280389084\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.21874999999997,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.5625,\n              53.74871079689897\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              37.71859032558816\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trauger, David L.","contributorId":107682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trauger","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartonek, James C.","contributorId":66759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartonek","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70236548,"text":"70236548 - 1977 - Prospecting for ground water with Landsat images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-09T15:01:05.709011","indexId":"70236548","displayToPublicDate":"1977-12-31T09:58:51","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Prospecting for ground water with Landsat images","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Technical session on hydrological applications of remote sensors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"World Water Conference","conferenceDate":"Mar 17, 1977","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Moore, G.K., 1977, Prospecting for ground water with Landsat images, <i>in</i> Technical session on hydrological applications of remote sensors, Mar 17, 1977, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Gerald K.","contributorId":14377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009864,"text":"70009864 - 1977 - Submarine seepage of natural gas in Norton Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-16T16:00:46.65692","indexId":"70009864","displayToPublicDate":"1977-12-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine seepage of natural gas in Norton Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Unusual concentrations of dissolved two- to four-carbon alkanes were observed in the waters in Norton Sound in a localized area approximately 40 kilometers south of Nome, Alaska, in 1976. The hydrocarbons were identified in the near-bottom waters downcurrent for more than 100 kilometers from a sea-floor point source. Preliminary dynamic modeling estimates of the initial gas phase composition predict methane/ethane and ethane/propane ratios of 24 and 1.7, respectively, assuming the hydrocarbons were introduced by bubbles. The low ethane/propane ratio is indicative of gas from a liquid petroleum source rather than from nonassociated or biogenic natural gas. Preliminary data on the structural geology of Norton Basin lend support to the interpretation based on the hydrocarbon plume. Unconformably truncated strata dip basinward from the seep locus; acoustic anomalies and numerous steeply dipping faults in the immediate vicinity of the seep are corroborating evidence that shallow gas- or petroleum-charged sediments and strata coincide with avenues for migration of mobile hydrocarbons to the sea floor. These factors, taken in concert with the sedimentological regime, the recent revision (increase) of basin depth estimates, and the highly localized hydrocarbon source, strongly suggest a thermogenic rather than a recent biogenic origin for these gaseous compounds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.198.4322.1149","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cline, J., and Holmes, M., 1977, Submarine seepage of natural gas in Norton Sound, Alaska: Science, v. 198, no. 4322, p. 1149-1153, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.198.4322.1149.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Norton Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.46153501237765,\n              64.76584240561928\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.46153501237765,\n              62.990803823044075\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.86844531048,\n              62.990803823044075\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.86844531048,\n              64.76584240561928\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.46153501237765,\n              64.76584240561928\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"198","issue":"4322","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d33e4b08c986b31d6d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cline, J.D.","contributorId":46212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, M.L.","contributorId":89528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221379,"text":"5221379 - 1977 - Lead and PCB's in canvasback ducks: Relationship between enzyme levels and residues in blood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T14:42:03.283082","indexId":"5221379","displayToPublicDate":"1977-12-01T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead and PCB's in canvasback ducks: Relationship between enzyme levels and residues in blood","docAbstract":"<p>Blood samples were taken for two successive years from canvasback ducks trapped in the Chesapeake Bay. The first winter (1972–1973) five plasma enzymes known to respond to organochlorine poisoning were examined. Abnormal enzyme elevations suggested that 20% of the population sampled (23/115 ducks) might contain organochlorine contaminants, but no residue analyses were performed. The second winter (1974) two of the same enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, and a third enzyme known to be specifically inhibited by lead, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, were assayed in 95 blood samples. Blood residues of organochlorine compounds and of lead were determined in representative samples, and the correlations between residue levels and enzyme changes were examined.</p><p>The enzyme bioassays in 1974 indicated that lead was a more prevalent environmental contaminant than organochlorine compounds in canvasback ducks; 17% of the blood samples had less than one-half of the normal delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, but only 11% exhibited abnormal aspartate aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase activities. These findings were confirmed by residue analyses that demonstrated lead concentrations four times higher than background levels, but only relatively low organochlorine concentrations. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and blood lead concentrations (P&lt;0.01), and a weaker but significant correlation between plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity and blood PCB concentrations (P&lt;0.05).</p><p>It was apparent that delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in the blood provided a sensitive and precise estimate of lead contamination in waterfowl. In canvasback ducks 200 ppb of lead in the blood caused a 75% decrease in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, a magnitude of enzyme inhibition that disturbs heme synthesis and is regarded as detrimental in humans.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02220886","usgsCitation":"Dieter, M.P., Perry, M., and Mulhern, B.M., 1977, Lead and PCB's in canvasback ducks: Relationship between enzyme levels and residues in blood: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02220886.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieter, Michael P.","contributorId":80547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Matthew 0000-0001-6452-9534 mperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":179173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew","email":"mperry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":333685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulhern, Bernard M.","contributorId":105177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulhern","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162255,"text":"70162255 - 1977 - Immunization of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) against vibriosis using the hyperosmotic infiltration technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-19T15:30:46","indexId":"70162255","displayToPublicDate":"1977-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunization of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) against vibriosis using the hyperosmotic infiltration technique","docAbstract":"<p><span>Various procedures of hyperosmotic infiltration (HI) and intraperitoneal injection were used to vaccinate sockeye salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i><span>) with killed&nbsp;</span><i>Vibrio anguillarum</i><span>. Excellent protection was evident against experimentally induced vibriosis in the groups immunized by HI with 10 &times; Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS), 1 &times; HBSS with 8.0% NaCl and 5.3% NaCl, as well as in the injected groups. Comparisons were made among the various immunization methods by vaccinating fish with ten-fold serial dilutions of bacterin, then challenging them by the water contact method after 6 or 9 weeks. Protection was somewhat better with 10 &times; HBSS than with 5.3% NaCl, and 1 &times; HBSS containing 8.0% NaCl was markedly superior to the vaccination of fish without hyperosmotic treatment. Agglutinin titers did not exceed 1 : 8 in any group.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(77)90210-1","usgsCitation":"Croy, T.R., and Amend, D.F., 1977, Immunization of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) against vibriosis using the hyperosmotic infiltration technique: Aquaculture, v. 12, no. 4, p. 317-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(77)90210-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"325","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314493,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c44e4b0961cf27fd1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croy, Thomas R.","contributorId":152345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Croy","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amend, Donald F.","contributorId":106543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amend","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70233489,"text":"70233489 - 1977 - Lower Tertiary biostratigraphy of the northern Santa Lucia Range, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T16:35:52.73664","indexId":"70233489","displayToPublicDate":"1977-11-01T11:29:56","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower Tertiary biostratigraphy of the northern Santa Lucia Range, California","docAbstract":"<p>Lower Tertiary strata in .the northern Santa Lucia Range of California are correlated by means of planktonic and benthonic foraminifers. Benthonic foraminiferal assemblages from eight stratigraphic sections range in age from Ynezian to possible basal Refugian. The Paleocene mudstone contains a Ynezian benthonic foraminiferal assemblage. The Ulatisian benthonic assemblage of the Lucia Mudstone and the Penutian to Ulatisian benthonic assemblages of the Eocene sandstone and rnudstone unit are associated with planktonic foraminifers referable to Zones P 7-P 8 and P 9. The Church Creek Formation is characterized by a Narizian to possibly Refugian benthonic assemblage. Two questionable associations of early Eocene planktonic foraminifers with Narizian benthonic foraminifers occur near Arroyo Seco Creek. No -age-diagnostic foraminifers were found in The Rocks Sandstone. Data from previous studies, along with our data, suggest a Ulatisian to Narizian age for this unit. Paleoenvironments interpreted from foraminiferal assemblages suggest a general shoaling from lower bathyal or deeper water depths in the middle Paleocene and early Eocene to bathyal water depths during the middle Eocene. In addition, the Ulatisian water depths deepen across the Santa Lucia Range from east to west. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Poore, R., Sliter, W., and Link, M.H., 1977, Lower Tertiary biostratigraphy of the northern Santa Lucia Range, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 6, p. 735-745.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"735","endPage":"745","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern Santa Lucia Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -121,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -121,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              36\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, Richard Z.","contributorId":203460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard Z.","affiliations":[{"id":36625,"text":"Emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sliter, William V.","contributorId":21414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"William V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Link, M. H.","contributorId":293523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Link","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70233524,"text":"70233524 - 1977 - Quality of storm-water runoff from a residential area, Broward County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T14:47:05.691759","indexId":"70233524","displayToPublicDate":"1977-11-01T09:42:12","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quality of storm-water runoff from a residential area, Broward County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Rainfall, runoff, and water-quality information were collected in a 19.2-hectare single-family residential area in Broward County, Fla., between April 1974 and September 1975. During this period, 231 rainfall periods were recorded; 106 were large enough to produce runoff, and 30 were sampled for chemical analyses. </p><p>The fraction of rainfall that runs off is low, usually 5 to 10 percent. Several factors which combine to reduce runoff are the large area of pervious lawns (61 percent), the gentle slope of the area, and the use of grassy swales for routing storm water. </p><p>Bulk precipitation (rainfall plus dry fallout) quality is good by comparison to that of other metropolitan areas. As a consequence of the low runoff and the low concentrations of the bulk precipitation, loads for this residential area are small. Estimated annual load for chemical oxygen demand was 22.5 kilograms per hectare; total residue, 85.3 kg/ha; total nitrogen, 1.48 kg/ha; and total phosphorus, 0.21 kg/ha.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Mattraw, H.C., and Sherwood, C., 1977, Quality of storm-water runoff from a residential area, Broward County, Florida: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 6, p. 823-834.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"834","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.4364013671875,\n              25.63657407787705\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.04638671875,\n              25.63657407787705\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.04638671875,\n              26.353728430338332\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4364013671875,\n              26.353728430338332\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4364013671875,\n              25.63657407787705\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattraw, H. C. Jr.","contributorId":21996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattraw","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, C. B.","contributorId":27888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70233523,"text":"70233523 - 1977 - Solution of water-table and anisotropic flow problems by using the strongly implicit procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T14:41:18.695629","indexId":"70233523","displayToPublicDate":"1977-11-01T09:29:18","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solution of water-table and anisotropic flow problems by using the strongly implicit procedure","docAbstract":"<p>The use of the strongly implicit procedure (SIP) with an additional iteration parameter, <i><span>β</span></i>, to scale the residual vector is advantageous to the solution of some ground-waterflow problems. For steady-state water-table problems plagued by excessive elimination of grid blocks during the iteration process, selection of <i><span>β</span></i>&lt;1 can be effective in limiting the deletion of blocks to a reasonable number. Also, a linear problem characterized by large anisotropy and layers of contrasting hydraulic conductivity was solved more efficiently with <i><span>β</span></i>=1.5. Effective values of <i><span>β</span></i> are generally in the range 0&lt;<i><span>β</span></i>&lt;2 and are easily determined by trial. Use of a <i><span>β</span></i> parameter in the SIP algorithm provides an effective solution technique for a class of ground-water-flow problems that previously was burdened by significant computational difficulty. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Larson, S.P., and Trescott, P.C., 1977, Solution of water-table and anisotropic flow problems by using the strongly implicit procedure: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 6, p. 815-821.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"821","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue6/report.pdf"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, S. P.","contributorId":34903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trescott, Peter C.","contributorId":21533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trescott","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70233520,"text":"70233520 - 1977 - Measuring total antimony in geothermal waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T14:23:29.338783","indexId":"70233520","displayToPublicDate":"1977-11-01T09:19:13","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring total antimony in geothermal waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p>A flame atomic absorption procedure utilizing an electrodeless discharge lamp is described for determining total solute antimony in silica-rich geothermal waters. Following NaNO<sub>2</sub> oxidation of Sb<sup>+3</sup>, SbCl<sub>5</sub> is extracted from 6 <i>N</i> HCl solution by using MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) ; silica in the organic layer is removed by centrifugation. The analytical detection limit for antimony is about 6 micrograms per liter in the original sample; the coefficient of variation is 4 percent at the 250 <i><span>μ</span></i>g/L Sb level. Comparable total antimony levels were found in sample splits which had been either filtered and acidified (to pH less than 1.5) with HNO<sub>3</sub> or left untreated at the time of sample collection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Stauffer, R.E., 1977, Measuring total antimony in geothermal waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 6, p. 807-809.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"809","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauffer, R. E.","contributorId":66253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009876,"text":"70009876 - 1977 - Solution of three-dimensional groundwater flow equations using the strongly implicit procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:07:03.620859","indexId":"70009876","displayToPublicDate":"1977-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solution of three-dimensional groundwater flow equations using the strongly implicit procedure","docAbstract":"<p>A three-dimensional numerical model has been coded to use the strongly implicit procedure for solving the finite-difference approximations to the ground-water flow equation. The model allows for: (1) the representation of each aquifer and each confining bed by several layers; and (2) the use of an anisotropic hydraulic conductivity at each finite-difference block. The model is compared with a previously developed quasi-three-dimensional model by simulating the steady-state flow in an aquifer system in the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado. The aquifer system consists of two aquifers separated by a leaky confining bed. The upper aquifer receives recharge from precipitation and is hydraulically connected to streams. For this problem, in order to make a valid comparison of results, a single layer was used to represent each aquifer. Furthermore, the need for a layer to represent the confining bed was eliminated by incorporating the effects of vertical leakage into the vertical component of the anisotropic hydraulic conductivity of the adjacent aquifers. Thus, the problem was represented by only two layers in each model with a total of about 2,100 equations. This restricted the effects of flow in the confining layer to the vertical component, but simulations with a third layer in the three-dimensional model permitting horizontal flow in the confining bed show that the two-layer approach is reasonable. Convergence to a solution of this problem takes about one minute of computer time on the IBM/155. This is about 30 times faster than the time required using the quasi-three-dimensional model.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(77)90076-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Trescott, P., and Larson, S.P., 1977, Solution of three-dimensional groundwater flow equations using the strongly implicit procedure: Journal of Hydrology, v. 35, no. 1-2, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(77)90076-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219270,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.01801547352804,\n              40.42979415974247\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.01801547352804,\n              39.054617661058586\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.97565719199748,\n              39.054617661058586\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.97565719199748,\n              40.42979415974247\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.01801547352804,\n              40.42979415974247\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b925be4b08c986b319e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trescott, P.C.","contributorId":16399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trescott","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, S. P.","contributorId":34903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175794,"text":"70175794 - 1977 - Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal years 1977 and 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:58:40","indexId":"70175794","displayToPublicDate":"1977-09-19T11:15:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal years 1977 and 1978","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70175794","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Status of projects in Minnesota, fiscal years 1977 and 1978, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175794.","productDescription":"59 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":70156474,"text":"70156474 - 1977 - Hydrologic characteristics of the Madison Limestone, the Minnelusa Formation, and equivalent rocks as determined by well-logging formation evaluation, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-21T15:52:17","indexId":"70156474","displayToPublicDate":"1977-08-31T18:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic characteristics of the Madison Limestone, the Minnelusa Formation, and equivalent rocks as determined by well-logging formation evaluation, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Geophysical logs from wells distributed throughout the Powder River Basin were digitized, processed, and interpreted to get a regional understanding of the lithologic and ground-water characteristics of aquifers in the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation. The percentage of sand, porosity, and apparent ground-water resistivity of the Minnelusa closely follow structural trends in the basin. Values increase from the structural axis of the basin toward the flanks. Close correlations between the water resistivities in the Madison and the Minnelusa indicate possible hydrologic connection between the two units. The low primary porosity from geophysical logs in the Madison indicates that secondary porosity is necessary to develop water supplies of economic importance from the Madison. Because of increased porosity and better water quality, the flanks of the basin appear to be the most favorable places for water production from either the Madison or the Minnelusa.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Head, W.J., and Merkel, R.H., 1977, Hydrologic characteristics of the Madison Limestone, the Minnelusa Formation, and equivalent rocks as determined by well-logging formation evaluation, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, and North Dakota: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 4, p. 473-485.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"485","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue4/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota, North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.5,\n              42.32606244456202\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.5,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.5,\n              42.32606244456202\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.5,\n              42.32606244456202\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bb6e4b0518e3546f008","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Head, William J.","contributorId":96686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merkel, Richard H.","contributorId":146876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merkel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175436,"text":"70175436 - 1977 - Paleohydrologic phenomena recorded by lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:09:51","indexId":"70175436","displayToPublicDate":"1977-07-20T11:15:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5026,"text":"Earth and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydrologic phenomena recorded by lake sediments","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content mainAbstract\">\n<p>Hydrologic phenomena are dynamic, so their understanding and prediction are difficult and challenging. Many are cyclic, ranging from diurnal, seasonal, and annual cycles to climatic fluctuations of many hundreds or thousands of years. Predicting the magnitude and recurrence intervals of long-term fluctuations of these phenomena is a primary concern of hydrologists. The best data upon which to base predictions are those that directly measure a hydrologic phenomenon, such as stream discharge, lake level, and precipitation. Programs for collection of these data over a large area on a scientific basis, however, are less than 100 years old-not a very sound statistical base for predicting events that have recurrence intervals of at least that long.</p>\n</div>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/EO058i004p00188","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., and Wright, H., 1977, Paleohydrologic phenomena recorded by lake sediments: Earth and Space Science, v. 58, no. 4, p. 188-196, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO058i004p00188.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"196","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ada1e7e4b0f412a62dfab4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, H.E. Jr.","contributorId":56369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"H.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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