We present a new three-dimensional (3-D) P-wave velocity model for the upper-crustal structure beneath the Strait of Georgia, southwestern British Columbia based on non-linear tomographic inversion of wide-angle seismic refraction data. Our study, part of the Georgia Basin Geohazards Initiative (GBGI) is primarily aimed at mapping the depth of the Cenozoic sedimentary basin and delineating the near-surface crustal faults associated with recent seismic activities (e.g. M = 4.6 in 1997 and M = 5.0 in 1975) in the region. Joint inversion of first-arrival traveltimes from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS) and the 2002 Georgia Basin experiment provides a high-resolution velocity model of the subsurface to a depth of ∼7 km. In the southcentral Georgia Basin, sedimentary rocks of the Cretaceous Nanaimo Group and early Tertiary rocks have seismic velocities between 3.0 and 5.5 km s−1. The basin thickness increases from north to south with a maximum thickness of 7 (±1) km (depth to velocities of 5.5 km s−1) at the southeast end of the strait. The underlying basement rocks, probably representing the Wrangellia terrane, have velocities of 5.5–6.5 km s−1 with considerable lateral variation. Our tomographic model reveals that the Strait of Georgia is underlain by a fault-bounded block within the central Georgia Basin. It also shows a correlation between microearthquakes and areas of rapid change in basin thickness. The 1997/1975 earthquakes are located near a northeast-trending hinge line where the thicknesses of sedimentary rocks increase rapidly to the southeast. Given its association with instrumentally recorded, moderate sized earthquakes, we infer that the hinge region is cored by an active fault that we informally name the Gabriola Island fault. A northwest-trending, southwest dipping velocity discontinuity along the eastern side of Vancouver Island correlates spatially with the surface expression of the Outer Island fault. The Outer Island fault as mapped in our seismic tomography model is a thrust fault that projects directly into the Lummi Island fault, suggesting that they are related structures forming a fault system that is continuous for nearly 90 km. Together, these inferred thrust faults may account for at least a portion of the basement uplift at the San Juan Islands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03455.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Dash, R., Spence, G., Riedel, M., Hyndman, R., and Brocher, T., 2007, Upper-crustal structure beneath the strait of Georgia, Southwest British Columbia: Geophysical Journal International, v. 170, no. 2, p. 800-812, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03455.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477208,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2007.03455.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.77154323039505,\n 49.82465753621065\n ],\n [\n -125.77154323039505,\n 48.12372121090243\n ],\n [\n -121.9719039450089,\n 48.12372121090243\n ],\n [\n -121.9719039450089,\n 49.82465753621065\n ],\n [\n -125.77154323039505,\n 49.82465753621065\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"170","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd61e4b08c986b328fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dash, R.K.","contributorId":88947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dash","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spence, G.D.","contributorId":85750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyndman, R.D.","contributorId":45831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033217,"text":"70033217 - 2007 - Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal, vertical, angular accelerations, and tilt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70033217","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1954,"text":"ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal, vertical, angular accelerations, and tilt","docAbstract":"Rotational and vertical components of ground motion are almost always ignored in design or in the assessment of structures despite the fact that vertical motion can be twice as much as the horizontal motion and may exceed 2g level, and rotational excitation may reach few degrees in the proximity of fault rupture. Coupling of different components of ground excitation may significantly amplify the seismic demand by introducing additional lateral forces and enhanced P-?? effects. In this paper, a governing equation of motion is postulated to compute the response of a SDOF oscillator under a multi-component excitation. The expanded equation includes secondary P-?? components associated with the combined impacts of tilt and vertical excitations in addition to the inertial forcing terms due to the angular and translational accelerations. The elastic and inelastic spectral ordinates traditionally generated considering the uniaxial input motion are compared at the end with the multi-component response spectra of coupled horizontal, vertical and tilting motions. The proposed multi-component response spectrum reflects kinematic characteristics of the ground motion that are not identifiable by the conventional spectrum itself, at least for the near-fault region where high intensity vertical shaking and rotational excitation are likely to occur.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09720405","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Graizer, V., 2007, Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal, vertical, angular accelerations, and tilt: ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, v. 44, no. 1, p. 259-284.","startPage":"259","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb0e4b0c8380cd71098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, E. 0000-0002-9138-9407","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":8212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graizer, V.","contributorId":88930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graizer","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033211,"text":"70033211 - 2007 - Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) - Active and passive methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033211","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2610,"text":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) - Active and passive methods","docAbstract":"The conventional seismic approaches for near-surface investigation have usually been either high-resolution reflection or refraction surveys that deal with a depth range of a few tens to hundreds meters. Seismic signals from these surveys consist of wavelets with frequencies higher than 50 Hz. The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method deals with surface waves in the lower frequencies (e.g., 1-30 Hz) and uses a much shallower depth range of investigation (e.g., a few to a few tens of meters). ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2431832","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Park, C., Miller, R., Xia, J., and Ivanov, J., 2007, Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) - Active and passive methods: Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), v. 26, no. 1, p. 60-64, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2431832.","startPage":"60","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2431832"},{"id":241128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fd8e4b0c8380cd71189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033210,"text":"70033210 - 2007 - Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:31:48","indexId":"70033210","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1016,"text":"Biological Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application","docAbstract":"Integrated pest management (IPM) for invasive plant species is being advocated by researchers and implemented by land managers, but few studies have evaluated the success of IPM programs in natural areas. We assessed the relative effects of components of an IPM program for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), an invasive plant, at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota. Effects of herbicides on leafy spurge abundance and on dynamics of flea beetles (Aphthona spp.) used to control leafy spurge were evaluated over three field seasons following herbicide application. We monitored leafy spurge-infested plots with established flea beetle populations that had received picloram plus 2,4-D in September 1997 or 1998, imazapic in September 1998, versus those with no chemical treatment. Mature stem counts did not differ significantly between treated and untreated plots in 2001, suggesting that leafy spurge stands had recovered from herbicide treatment. Flea beetles were less abundant on plots with a history of herbicide treatment. Structural equation models indicated that in 2000 negative correlations between relative abundances of the two flea beetle species were greater on plots that had received herbicide treatments than on those that had not, but by 2001 no differences were apparent between treated and untreated plots. These results suggest that the most effective component of IPM for leafy spurge at this site is biological control. All herbicide effects we observed were short-lived, but the increased negative correlation between flea beetle relative abundances during 2000 implies that herbicide application may have temporarily disrupted an effective biological control program at this site. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.017","issn":"10499644","usgsCitation":"Larson, D., Grace, J., Rabie, P., and Andersen, P., 2007, Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application: Biological Control, v. 40, no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.017.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.017"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8eb6e4b08c986b318aca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rabie, P.A.","contributorId":65674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabie","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andersen, P.","contributorId":84568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031025,"text":"70031025 - 2007 - Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-03T12:52:56","indexId":"70031025","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska","docAbstract":"Studies of interseismic strain accumulation are crucial to our understanding of continental deformation, the earthquake cycle and seismic hazard. By mapping small amounts of ground deformation over large spatial areas, InSAR has the potential to produce continental-scale maps of strain accumulation on active faults. However, most InSAR studies to date have focused on areas where the coherence is relatively good (e.g. California, Tibet and Turkey) and most analysis techniques (stacking, small baseline subset algorithm, permanent scatterers, etc.) only include information from pixels which are coherent throughout the time-span of the study. In some areas, such as Alaska, where the deformation rate is small and coherence very variable, it is necessary to include information from pixels which are coherent in some but not all interferograms. We use a three-stage iterative algorithm based on distributed scatterer interferometry. We validate our method using synthetic data created using realistic parameters from a test site on the Denali Fault, Alaska, and present a preliminary result of 10.5 ?? 5.0 mm yr-1 for the slip rate on the Denali Fault based on a single track of radar data from ERS1/2. ?? 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ?? 2007 RAS.
","largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03415.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Biggs, J., Wright, T., Lu, Z., and Parsons, B., 2007, Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska: Geophysical Journal International, v. 170, no. 3, p. 1165-1179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03415.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1165","endPage":"1179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03415.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.25,\n 62.431074232920906\n ],\n [\n -138.1640625,\n 62.431074232920906\n ],\n [\n -138.1640625,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 67.47492238478702\n ],\n [\n -146.25,\n 62.431074232920906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"170","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb4e4b0c8380cd710b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggs, Juliet","contributorId":99018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggs","given":"Juliet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Tim","contributorId":35942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":429683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsons, Barry","contributorId":56966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031024,"text":"70031024 - 2007 - Response of brown treesnakes to reduction of their rodent prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031024","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of brown treesnakes to reduction of their rodent prey","docAbstract":"Trapping brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis; BTS) with live-mouse (Mus domesticus) lures is the principal control technique for this invasive species on Guam. Lure-based trapping is also used on other islands as a precaution against undetected arrivals and in response to verified BTS sightings. However, the effectiveness of lure-based trapping on other islands is questionable, as it has yielded no BTS despite other evidence of their presence. Some evidence suggests that high rodent numbers may interfere with BTS control. To test the relationship between rodent abundance and snake trappability, we conducted a controlled, replicated field experiment incorporating a rodenticide treatment during a BTS mark-recapture study. Using open population modeling in Program MARK, we estimated BTS apparent survival and recapture probabilities. Rodent reduction increased BTS recapture probabilities by 52-65% in 2002 and 22-36% in 2003, and it decreased apparent survival by <1% both years. This appears to be the first published instance of manipulating wild prey to influence snake behavior. Rodent reduction may enhance detection and control of BTS with traps on Guam and other islands. It may also amplify the effectiveness of oral toxicants against BTS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-444","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Gragg, J., Rodda, G., Savidge, J.A., White, G.C., Dean-Bradley, K., and Ellingson, A., 2007, Response of brown treesnakes to reduction of their rodent prey: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 7, p. 2311-2317, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-444.","startPage":"2311","endPage":"2317","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-444"},{"id":238539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa3ce4b0c8380cd86206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gragg, J.E.","contributorId":33119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gragg","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dean-Bradley, K.","contributorId":35268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean-Bradley","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ellingson, A.R.","contributorId":19514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellingson","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031328,"text":"70031328 - 2007 - Effects of highway construction on sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates in two tributaries of the Lost River, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T18:59:10.313091","indexId":"70031328","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of highway construction on sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates in two tributaries of the Lost River, West Virginia","docAbstract":"During a three-year study of two tributaries being crossed by a four-lane highway under construction in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia, we found little difference in the amount of fine sediment collected at upstream and downstream sites. The downstream site on one tributary collected significantly greater amounts of sediment in 2003, prior to installation of sediment fencing. Despite several episodic flow events that caused changes in the streambed, benthic macroinvertebrate metrics did not differ significantly annually or seasonally between sites or between streams. On-site controls effectively checked new sedimentation, and benthic macroinvertebrates were not significantly impacted.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2007.9664817","usgsCitation":"Hedrick, L.B., Welsh, S., and Anderson, J.T., 2007, Effects of highway construction on sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates in two tributaries of the Lost River, West Virginia: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 22, no. 4, p. 561-569, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2007.9664817.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"569","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Lost River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -78.85986328125,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -78.11279296875,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -77.80517578125,\n 39.65645604812829\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 39.58875727696545\n ],\n [\n -80.35400390625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0713e4b0c8380cd5154c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedrick, Lara B.","contributorId":50346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, S.A. 0000-0003-0362-054X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":10191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032768,"text":"70032768 - 2007 - Seismicity associated with the Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of 26 December 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032768","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity associated with the Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of 26 December 2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey/National Earthquake Information Center (USGS/ NEIC) had computed origins for 5000 earthquakes in the Sumatra-Andaman Islands region in the first 36 weeks after the Sumatra-Andaman Islands mainshock of 26 December 2004. The cataloging of earthquakes of mb (USGS) 5.1 and larger is essentially complete for the time period except for the first half-day following the 26 December mainshock, a period of about two hours following the Nias earthquake of 28 March 2005, and occasionally during the Andaman Sea swarm of 26-30 January 2005. Moderate and larger (mb ???5.5) aftershocks are absent from most of the deep interplate thrust faults of the segments of the Sumatra-Andaman Islands subduction zone on which the 26 December mainshock occurred, which probably reflects nearly complete release of elastic strain on the seismogenic interplate-thrust during the mainshock. An exceptional thrust-fault source offshore of Banda Aceh may represent a segment of the interplate thrust that was bypassed during the mainshock. The 26 December mainshock triggered a high level of aftershock activity near the axis of the Sunda trench and the leading edge of the overthrust Burma plate. Much near-trench activity is intraplate activity within the subducting plate, but some shallow-focus, near-trench, reverse-fault earthquakes may represent an unusual seismogenic release of interplate compressional stress near the tip of the overriding plate. The interplate-thrust Nias earthquake of 28 March 2005, in contrast to the 26 December aftershock sequence, was followed by many interplate-thrust aftershocks along the length of its inferred rupture zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050626","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Dewey, J.W., Choy, G., Presgrave, B., Sipkin, S., Tarr, A., Benz, H., Earle, P., and Wald, D., 2007, Seismicity associated with the Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of 26 December 2004: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 1 A SUPPL., https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050626.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213927,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050626"},{"id":241602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1 A SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b92e4b08c986b317932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dewey, J. W.","contributorId":31008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choy, G.","contributorId":93691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Presgrave, B.","contributorId":38024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presgrave","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sipkin, S.","contributorId":71065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tarr, Arthur C.","contributorId":75903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarr","given":"Arthur C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benz, H.","contributorId":61953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Earle, P.","contributorId":26860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wald, D. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":37866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70031100,"text":"70031100 - 2007 - Genotypes and phylogeographical relationships of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T09:38:02","indexId":"70031100","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genotypes and phylogeographical relationships of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in California, USA","docAbstract":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) contains 3 major genogroups in North America with discreet geographic ranges designated as upper (U), middle (M), and lower (L). A comprehensive genotyping of 237 IHNV isolates from hatchery and wild salmonids in California revealed 25 different sequence types (a to y) all in the L genogroup; specifically, the genogroup contained 14 sequence types that were unique to individual isolates as well as 11 sequence types representing 2 or more identical isolates. The most evident trend was the phylogenetic and geographical division of the L genogroup into 2 distinct subgroups designated as LI and LII. Isolates within Subgroup LI were primarily found within waterways linked to southern Oregon and northern California coastal rivers. Isolates in Subgroup LII were concentrated within inland valley watersheds that included the Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, and their tributaries. The temporal and spatial patterns of virus occurrence suggested that infections among adult Chinook salmon in the hatchery or that spawn in the river are a major source of virus potentially infecting other migrating or resident salmonids in California. Serum neutralization results of the California isolates of IHNV corroborated a temporal trend of sequence divergence; specifically, 2 progressive shifts in which more recent virus isolates represent new serotypes. A comparison of the estimates of divergence rates for Subgroup LI (1 ?? ICT5 mutations per nucleotide site per year) indicated stasis similar to that observed in the U genogroup, while the Subgroup LII rate (1 ?? 10 3 mutations per nucleotide site per year) suggested a more active evolution similar to that of the M genogroup. ?? Inter-Research 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf, Germany","doi":"10.3354/dao01811","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Kelley, G., Bendorf, C., Yun, S., Kurath, G., and Hedrick, R., 2007, Genotypes and phylogeographical relationships of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in California, USA: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 77, no. 1, p. 29-40, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao01811.","startPage":"29","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487662,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao01811","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211428,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao01811"},{"id":238714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1594e4b0c8380cd54ea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, G.O.","contributorId":47156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"G.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bendorf, C.M.","contributorId":41215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bendorf","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yun, S.C.","contributorId":69778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yun","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hedrick, R.P.","contributorId":76431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031805,"text":"70031805 - 2007 - On the influence of substrate morphology and surface area on phytofauna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031805","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the influence of substrate morphology and surface area on phytofauna","docAbstract":"The independent effects and interactions between substrate morphology and substrate surface area on invertebrate density or biomass colonizing artificial plant beds were assessed in a clear-water and a turbid playa lake in Castro County, Texas, USA. Total invertebrate density and biomass were consistently greater on filiform substrates than on laminar substrates with equivalent substrate surface areas. The relationship among treatments (substrates with different morphologies and surface areas) and response (invertebrate density or biomass) was assessed with equally spaced surface areas. Few statistically significant interactions between substrate morphology and surface area were detected, indicating that these factors were mostly independent from each other in their effect on colonizing invertebrates. Although infrequently, when substrate morphology and surface area were not independent, the effects of equally spaced changes in substrate surface area on the rate of change of phytofauna density or biomass per unit of substrate surface area were dependent upon substrate morphology. The absence of three-way interactions indicated that effects of substrate morphology and substrate area on phytofauna density or biomass were independent of environmental conditions outside and inside exclosures. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0359-x","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Becerra-Munoz, S., and Schramm, H., 2007, On the influence of substrate morphology and surface area on phytofauna: Hydrobiologia, v. 575, no. 1, p. 117-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0359-x.","startPage":"117","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0359-x"},{"id":239645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"575","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dd9e4b0c8380cd7535c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becerra-Munoz, S.","contributorId":12691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becerra-Munoz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031477,"text":"70031477 - 2007 - Forage nutritive quality in the Serengeti ecosystem: The roles of fire and herbivory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031477","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forage nutritive quality in the Serengeti ecosystem: The roles of fire and herbivory","docAbstract":"Fire and herbivory are important determinants of nutrient availability in savanna ecosystems. Fire and herbivory effects on the nutritive quality of savanna vegetation can occur directly, independent of changes in the plant community, or indirectly, via effects on the plant community. Indirect effects can be further subdivided into those occurring because of changes in plant species composition or plant abundance (i.e., quality versus quantity). We studied relationships between fire, herbivory, rainfall, soil fertility, and leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sodium (Na) at 30 sites inside and outside of Serengeti National Park. Using structural equation modeling, we asked whether fire and herbivory influences were largely direct or indirect and how their signs and strengths differed within the context of natural savanna processes. Herbivory was associated with enhanced leaf N and P through changes in plant biomass and community composition. Fire was associated with reduced leaf nutrient concentrations through changes in plant community composition. Additionally, fire had direct positive effects on Na and nonlinear direct effects on P that partially mitigated the indirect negative effects. Key mechanisms by which fire reduced plant nutritive quality were through reductions of Na-rich grasses and increased abundance of Themeda triandra, which had below-average leaf nutrients. ?? 2007 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/520120","issn":"00030147","usgsCitation":"Anderson, T., Ritchie, M., Mayemba, E., Eby, S., Grace, J., and McNaughton, S., 2007, Forage nutritive quality in the Serengeti ecosystem: The roles of fire and herbivory: American Naturalist, v. 170, no. 3, p. 343-357, https://doi.org/10.1086/520120.","startPage":"343","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476946,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/5bbff65c-c4fc-4fd6-8edc-4859402179c2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/520120"},{"id":239792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12f1e4b0c8380cd54463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, T.M.","contributorId":70996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritchie, M.E.","contributorId":56446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayemba, E.","contributorId":97319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayemba","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eby, S.","contributorId":30445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eby","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McNaughton, S.J.","contributorId":101457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNaughton","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031803,"text":"70031803 - 2007 - Individual dietary specialization and dive behaviour in the California sea otter: Using archival time-depth data to detect alternative foraging strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70031803","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual dietary specialization and dive behaviour in the California sea otter: Using archival time-depth data to detect alternative foraging strategies","docAbstract":"The existence of individual prey specializations has been reported for an ever-growing number of taxa, and has important ramifications for our understanding of predator-prey dynamics. We use the California sea otter population as a case study to validate the use of archival time-depth data to detect and measure differences in foraging behaviour and diet. We collected observational foraging data from radio-tagged sea otters that had been equipped with Mk9 time depth recorders (TDRs, Wildlife Computers, Redmond, WA). After recapturing the study animals and retrieving the TDRs it was possible to compare the two data types, by matching individual dives from the TDR record with observational data and thus examining behavioural correlates of capture success and prey species. Individuals varied with respect to prey selection, aggregating into one of three distinct dietary specializations. A number of TDR-derived parameters, particularly dive depth and post-dive surface interval, differed predictably between specialist types. A combination of six dive parameters was particularly useful for discriminating between specialist types, and when incorporated into a multivariate cluster analysis, these six parameters resulted in classification of 13 adult female sea otters into three clusters that corresponded almost perfectly to the diet-based classification (1 out of 13 animals was misclassified). Thus based solely on quantifiable traits of time-depth data that have been collected over an appropriate period (in this case 1 year per animal), it was possible to assign female sea otters to diet type with >90% accuracy. TDR data can thus be used as a tool to measure the degree of individual specialization in sea otter populations, a conclusion that will likely apply to other diving marine vertebrates as well. Our ultimate goals must be both to understand the causes of individual specialization, and to incorporate such variation into models of population- and community-level food web dynamics. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.012","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Tinker, M.T., Costa, D., Estes, J.A., and Wieringa, N., 2007, Individual dietary specialization and dive behaviour in the California sea otter: Using archival time-depth data to detect alternative foraging strategies: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 54, no. 3-4, p. 330-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.012.","startPage":"330","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.012"},{"id":240158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a9ce4b0c8380cd61e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, D.P.","contributorId":29210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wieringa, N.","contributorId":99372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieringa","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031330,"text":"70031330 - 2007 - Diets of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in continuous and fragmented prairie in Northwestern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031330","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diets of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in continuous and fragmented prairie in Northwestern Texas","docAbstract":"Distribution of the swift fox (Vulpes velox) has declined dramatically since the 1800s, and suggested causes of this decline are habitat fragmentation and transformation due to agricultural expansion. However, impacts of fragmentation and human-altered habitats on swift foxes still are not well understood. To better understand what effects these factors have on diets of swift foxes, scats were collected in northwestern Texas at two study sites, one of continuous native prairie and one representing fragmented native prairie interspersed with agricultural and fields in the Conservation Reserve Program. Leporids, a potential food source, were surveyed seasonally on both sites. Diets of swift foxes differed between sites; insects were consumed more on continuous prairie, whereas mammals, birds, and crops were consumed more on fragmented prairie. Size of populations of leporids were 2-3 times higher on fragmented prairie, and swift foxes responded by consuming more leporids on fragmented (11.1% frequency occurrence) than continuous (3.8%) prairie. Dietary diversity was greater on fragmented prairie during both years of the study. Differences in diets between sites suggested that the swift fox is an adaptable and opportunistic feeder, able to exploit a variety of food resources, probably in relation to availability of food. We suggest that compared to continuous native prairie, fragmented prairie can offer swift foxes a more diverse prey base, at least within the mosaic of native prairie, agricultural, and fields that are in the Conservation Reserve Program.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[504:DOSFVV]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Kamler, J., Ballard, W., Wallace, M., and Gipson, P.S., 2007, Diets of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in continuous and fragmented prairie in Northwestern Texas: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 52, no. 4, p. 504-510, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[504:DOSFVV]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"504","endPage":"510","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[504:DOSFVV]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00e7e4b0c8380cd4f9aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kamler, J.F.","contributorId":71762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamler","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballard, W.B.","contributorId":101235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, M.C.","contributorId":59162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gipson, P. S.","contributorId":70136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gipson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031868,"text":"70031868 - 2007 - Factors influencing movement probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031868","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing movement probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in buildings","docAbstract":"We investigated movements of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in maternity colonies in buildings in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA), during the summers of 2002, 2003, and 2005. This behavior can be of public health concern where bats that may carry diseases (e.g., rabies) move among buildings occupied by people. We used passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) to mark individual bats and hoop PIT readers at emergence points to passively monitor the use of building roosts by marked adult females on a daily basis during the lactation phase of reproduction. Multi-strata models were used to examine movements among roosts in relation to ambient temperatures and ectoparasite loads. Our results suggest that high ambient temperatures influence movements. Numbers of mites (Steatonyssus occidentalis) did not appear to influence movements of female bats among building roosts. In an urban landscape, periods with unusually hot conditions are accompanied by shifting of bats to different buildings or segments of buildings, and this behavior may increase the potential for contact with people in settings where, in comparison to their more regularly used buildings, the bats may be more likely to be of public concern as nuisances or health risks. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-0315","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L., O'Shea, T., Neubaum, D., and Bowen, R.A., 2007, Factors influencing movement probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in buildings: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 2, p. 620-627, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0315.","startPage":"620","endPage":"627","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477040,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0315","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215019,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-0315"},{"id":242784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec7e4b0c8380cd53605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neubaum, D.J.","contributorId":43720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031020,"text":"70031020 - 2007 - Robust 24 ± 6 ka 40Ar/39Ar age of a low-potassium tholeiitic basalt in the Lassen region of NE California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T11:16:57","indexId":"70031020","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Robust 24 ± 6 ka 40Ar/39Ar age of a low-potassium tholeiitic basalt in the Lassen region of NE California","docAbstract":"40Ar/39Ar ages on the Hat Creek Basalt (HCB) and stratigraphically related lava flows show that latest Pleistocene tholeiitic basalt with very low K2O can be dated reliably. The HCB underlies ∼ 15 ka glacial gravel and overlies four andesite and basaltic andesite lava flows that yield 40Ar/39Ar ages of 38 ± 7 ka (Cinder Butte; 1.65% K2O), 46 ± 7 ka (Sugarloaf Peak; 1.85% K2O), 67 ± 4 ka (Little Potato Butte; 1.42% K2O) and 77 ± 11 ka (Potato Butte; 1.62% K2O). Given these firm age brackets, we then dated the HCB directly. One sample (0.19% K2O) clearly failed the criteria for plateau-age interpretation, but the inverse isochron age of 26 ± 6 ka is seductively appealing. A second sample (0.17% K2O) yielded concordant plateau, integrated (total fusion), and inverse isochron ages of 26 ± 18, 30 ± 20 and 24 ± 6 ka, all within the time bracket determined by stratigraphic relations; the inverse isochron age of 24 ± 6 ka is preferred. As with all isotopically determined ages, confidence in the results is significantly enhanced when additional constraints imposed by other isotopic ages within a stratigraphic context are taken into account.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2007.02.004","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Turrin, B., Muffler, L.P., Clynne, M.A., and Champion, D.E., 2007, Robust 24 ± 6 ka 40Ar/39Ar age of a low-potassium tholeiitic basalt in the Lassen region of NE California: Quaternary Research, v. 68, no. 1, p. 96-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.02.004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hat Creek Basalt","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.4373779296875,\n 39.76210275375137\n ],\n [\n -121.4373779296875,\n 41.20758898181025\n ],\n [\n -120.00915527343749,\n 41.20758898181025\n ],\n [\n -120.00915527343749,\n 39.76210275375137\n ],\n [\n -121.4373779296875,\n 39.76210275375137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaddce4b0c8380cd86fad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turrin, Brent D.","contributorId":89867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"Brent D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick 0000-0001-6638-7218 pmuffler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-7218","contributorId":3322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"pmuffler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031503,"text":"70031503 - 2007 - USGS advances in integrated, high-resolution sea-floor mapping: inner continental shelf to estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:55:27","indexId":"70031503","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS advances in integrated, high-resolution sea-floor mapping: inner continental shelf to estuaries","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been involved in geological mapping of the sea floor for the past thirty years. Early geophysical and acoustic mapping efforts using GLORIA (Geologic LOng Range Inclined ASDIC) a long-range sidescan-sonar system, provided broad-scale imagery of deep waters within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). In the early 1990's, research emphasis shifted from deep- to shallow-water environments to address pertinent coastal research and resource management issues. Use of shallow-water, high-resolution geophysical systems has enhanced our understanding of the processes shaping shallow marine environments. However, research within these shallow-water environments continues to present technological challenges.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)195","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Denny, J.F., Schwab, W.C., Twichell, D., O’Brien, T., Danforth, W.W., Foster, D., Bergeron, E., Worley, C., Irwin, B., Butman, B., Valentine, P.C., Baldwin, W.E., Morton, R., Thieler, E., Nichols, D., and Andrews, B., 2007, USGS advances in integrated, high-resolution sea-floor mapping: inner continental shelf to estuaries, in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, p. 2487-2500, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)195.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2487","endPage":"2500","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212209,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)195"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbbee4b08c986b3287de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, T.F.","contributorId":86309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bergeron, E.","contributorId":94103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Worley, C.W.","contributorId":75023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Irwin, B.J.","contributorId":105684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Valentine, P. C.","contributorId":46505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Baldwin, W. E.","contributorId":47034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Nichols, D.R.","contributorId":42979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Andrews, B.D.","contributorId":87737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70033192,"text":"70033192 - 2007 - Evidence of experimental postcyclic transmission of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in bonytail chub (Gila elegans)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T15:55:42","indexId":"70033192","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of experimental postcyclic transmission of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in bonytail chub (Gila elegans)","docAbstract":"We examined the role that predation of infected conspecific fish and postcyclic transmission might play in the life cycle of the Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) Yamaguti, 1934. Young-of-the-year (YOY) bonytail chub (Gila elegans) were exposed to copepods infected with B. acheilognathi and subsequently fed to subadult bonytail chub. Within 1 wk after consumption of the YOY chub, subadults were necropsied and found infected with gravid and nongravid tapeworms. This study provides evidence that postcyclic transfer of B. acheilognathi can occur. Postcyclic transmission may be an important life history trait of B. acheilognathi that merits consideration when studying the impact and distribution of this invasive and potentially pathogenic tapeworm.
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P.","contributorId":40556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choudhury, A. 0000-0001-7553-4179","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7553-4179","contributorId":50873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choudhury","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033191,"text":"70033191 - 2007 - Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033191","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow","docAbstract":"The relations of decadal to multidecadal (D2M) variability in global sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) with D2M variability in the flow of the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) are examined for the years 1906-2003. Results indicate that D2M variability of SSTs in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, tropical Pacific, and Indian Oceans is associated with D2M variability of the UCRB. A principal components analysis (with varimax rotation) of detrended and 11-year smoothed global SSTs indicates that the two leading rotated principal components (RPCs) explain 56% of the variability in the transformed SST data. The first RPC (RPC1) strongly reflects variability associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the second RPC (RPC2) represents variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the tropical Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean SSTs. Results indicate that SSTs in the North Atlantic Ocean (RPC1) explain as much of the D2M variability in global SSTs as does the combination of Indian and Pacific Ocean variability (RPC2). These results suggest that SSTs in all of the oceans have some relation with flow of the UCRB, but the North Atlantic may have the strongest and most consistent association on D2M time scales. Hydroclimatic persistence on these time scales introduces significant nonstationarity in mean annual streamflow, with critical implications for UCRB water resource management. ?? 2007 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., Betancourt, J., and Hidalgo, H., 2007, Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 1, p. 183-192, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x.","startPage":"183","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x"},{"id":240820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee95e4b0c8380cd49e3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033190,"text":"70033190 - 2007 - A comparison of four geophysical methods for determining the shear wave velocity of soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033190","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of four geophysical methods for determining the shear wave velocity of soils","docAbstract":"The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) routinely acquires seismic cone penetrometer (SCPT) shear wave velocity control as part of the routine investigation of soils within the Mississippi Embayment. In an effort to ensure their geotechnical investigations are as effective and efficient as possible, the SCPT tool and several available alternatives (crosshole [CH]; multichannel analysis of surface waves [MASW]; and refraction microtremor [ReMi]) were evaluated and compared on the basis of field data acquired at two test sites in southeast Missouri. These four methods were ranked in terms of accuracy, functionality, cost, other considerations, and overall utility. It is concluded that MASW data are generally more reliable than SCPT data, comparable to quality ReMi data, and only slightly less accurate than CH data. However, the other advantages of MASW generally make it a superior choice over the CH, SCPT, and ReMi methods for general soil classification purposes to depths of 30 m. MASW data are less expensive than CH data and SCPT data and can normally be acquired in areas inaccessible to drill and SCPT rigs. In contrast to the MASW tool, quality ReMi data can be acquired only in areas where there are interpretable levels of \"passive\" acoustic energy and only when the geophone array is aligned with the source(s) of such energy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.11","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Anderson, N., Thitimakorn, T., Ismail, A., and Hoffman, D., 2007, A comparison of four geophysical methods for determining the shear wave velocity of soils: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 13, no. 1, p. 11-23, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.11.","startPage":"11","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477191,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.514.9875","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.11"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e35ae4b0c8380cd45fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, N.","contributorId":54403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thitimakorn, T.","contributorId":75770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thitimakorn","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ismail, A.","contributorId":60920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ismail","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, D.","contributorId":72895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033046,"text":"70033046 - 2007 - Assessing small mammal abundance with track-tube indices and mark-recapture population estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:51:41","indexId":"70033046","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing small mammal abundance with track-tube indices and mark-recapture population estimates","docAbstract":"We compared track-tube sampling with mark–recapture livetrapping and evaluated a track-tube index, defined as the number of track tubes with identifiable small mammal tracks during a 4-night period, as a predictor of small mammal abundance estimates in North Dakota grasslands. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were the most commonly recorded species by both methods, but were underrepresented in track-tube sampling, whereas 13-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) and Franklin's ground squirrels (S. franklinii) were overrepresented in track-tube sampling. Estimates of average species richness were lower from track tubes than from livetrapping. Regression models revealed that the track-tube index was at best a moderately good predictor of small mammal population estimates because both the form (linear versus curvilinear) and slope of the relationship varied between years. In addition, 95% prediction intervals indicated low precision when predicting population estimates from new track-tube index observations. Track tubes required less time and expense than mark–recapture and eliminated handling of small mammals. Using track tubes along with mark–recapture in a double sampling for regression framework would have potential value when attempting to estimate abundance of small mammals over large areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1644/06-MAMM-A-098R1.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Wiewel, A., Clark, W.R., and Sovada, M.A., 2007, Assessing small mammal abundance with track-tube indices and mark-recapture population estimates: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 250-260, https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-098R1.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477037,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/06-mamm-a-098r1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-098R1.1"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede1e4b0c8380cd49a8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiewel, A.S.","contributorId":8682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiewel","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, William R.","contributorId":174794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sovada, Marsha A. msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":439111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032823,"text":"70032823 - 2007 - Earthquake-by-earthquake fold growth above the Puente Hills blind thrust fault, Los Angeles, California: Implications for fold kinematics and seismic hazard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032823","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake-by-earthquake fold growth above the Puente Hills blind thrust fault, Los Angeles, California: Implications for fold kinematics and seismic hazard","docAbstract":"Boreholes and high-resolution seismic reflection data collected across the forelimb growth triangle above the central segment of the Puente Hills thrust fault (PHT) beneath Los Angeles, California, provide a detailed record of incremental fold growth during large earthquakes on this major blind thrust fault. These data document fold growth within a discrete kink band that narrows upward from ???460 m at the base of the Quaternary section (200-250 m depth) to <150 m at 2.5 m depth, with most growth during the most recent folding event occurring within a zone only ???60 m wide. These observations, coupled with evidence from petroleum industry seismic reflection data, demonstrate that most (>82% at 250 m depth) folding and uplift occur within discrete kink bands, thereby enabling us to develop a paleoseismic history of the underlying blind thrust fault. The borehole data reveal that the youngest part of the growth triangle in the uppermost 20 m comprises three stratigraphically discrete growth intervals marked by southward thickening sedimentary strata that are separated by intervals in which sediments do not change thickness across the site. We interpret the intervals of growth as occurring after the formation of now-buried paleofold scarps during three large PHT earthquakes in the past 8 kyr. The intervening intervals of no growth record periods of structural quiescence and deposition at the regional, near-horizontal stream gradient at the study site. Minimum uplift in each of the scarp-forming events, which occurred at 0.2-2.2 ka (event Y), 3.0-6.3 ka (event X), and 6.6-8.1 ka (event W), ranged from ???1.1 to ???1.6 m, indicating minimum thrust displacements of ???2.5 to 4.5 m. Such large displacements are consistent with the occurrence of large-magnitude earthquakes (Mw > 7). Cumulative, minimum uplift in the past three events was 3.3 to 4.7 m, suggesting cumulative thrust displacement of ???7 to 10.5 m. These values yield a minimum Holocene slip rate for the PHT of ???0.9 to 1.6 mm/yr. The borehole and seismic reflection data demonstrate that dip within the kink band is acquired incrementally, such that older strata that have been deformed by more earthquakes dip more steeply than younger strata. Specifically, strata dip 0.4?? at 4 m depth, 0.7?? at 20 m depth, 8?? at 90 m, 16?? at 110 m, and 17?? at 200 m. Moreover, structural restorations of the borehole data show that the locus of active folding (the anticlinal active axial surface) does not extend to the surface in exactly the same location from earthquake to earthquake. Rather, that the axial surfaces migrate from earthquake to earthquake, reflecting a component of fold growth by kink band migration. The incremental acquisition of bed dip in the growth triangle may reflect some combination of fold growth by limb rotation in addition to kink band migration, possibly through a component of trishear or shear fault bend folding. Alternatively, the component of limb rotation may result from curved hinge fault bend folding, and/or the mechanical response of loosely consolidated granular sediments in the shallow subsurface to folding at depth. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JB004461","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Leon, L., Christofferson, S., Dolan, J., Shaw, J., and Pratt, T.L., 2007, Earthquake-by-earthquake fold growth above the Puente Hills blind thrust fault, Los Angeles, California: Implications for fold kinematics and seismic hazard: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 112, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004461.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477157,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jb004461","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004461"},{"id":241331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0508e4b0c8380cd50c1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leon, L.A.","contributorId":17431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leon","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christofferson, S.A.","contributorId":9810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christofferson","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dolan, J.F.","contributorId":64813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaw, J.H.","contributorId":87261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032769,"text":"70032769 - 2007 - Conodont index fossil Hindeodus changxingensis Wang fingers greatest mass extinction event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70032769","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2999,"text":"Palaeoworld","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conodont index fossil Hindeodus changxingensis Wang fingers greatest mass extinction event","docAbstract":"The marine conodont fossil species, Hindeodus changxingensis Wang, that has a distinctive morphology, is restricted to a very narrow stratigraphic interval essentially from the Permian-Triassic extinction event through the internationally recognized boundary and into the very earliest Triassic. The species is geographically widespread in the Tethyan Region, from Italy to South China, and serves as a characteristic index fossil to reliably identify this short but critical interval that encompasses the greatest mass extinction of life on earth and the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras. ?? 2007 Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeoworld","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2007.01.001","issn":"1871174X","usgsCitation":"Metcalfe, I., Nicoll, R., and Wardlaw, B.R., 2007, Conodont index fossil Hindeodus changxingensis Wang fingers greatest mass extinction event: Palaeoworld, v. 16, no. 1-3, p. 202-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2007.01.001.","startPage":"202","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477249,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2007.01.001","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2007.01.001"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9d2e4b0c8380cd4d7cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metcalfe, I.","contributorId":58107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicoll, R.S.","contributorId":80445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicoll","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033185,"text":"70033185 - 2007 - Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T13:49:54","indexId":"70033185","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management","docAbstract":"Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples—the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor—illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid mud.