The Merced River originates on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada and flows through Yosemite National Park. The river drains 1,276 square miles before joining the San Joaquin River near Stevinson, Calif. Data were collected to permit descriptions of the river's quality during a hydrologic cycle, the natural and manmade factors in the basin that affect the quality, and the trends that might be used in developing procedures to reduce degradation in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78735","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., 1978, Selected water-quality data from the Merced River, California, November 1976 through August 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-735, iv, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78735.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413381,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0735/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0735/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Merced River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.67181748897762,\n 37.191244661702484\n ],\n [\n -119.21125611997056,\n 37.191244661702484\n ],\n [\n -119.21125611997056,\n 37.961484863495784\n ],\n [\n -120.67181748897762,\n 37.961484863495784\n ],\n [\n -120.67181748897762,\n 37.191244661702484\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Ray J.","contributorId":53770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Ray J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9021,"text":"ofr78610 - 1978 - Flood investigations in Nevada through 1977 water year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T14:17:23","indexId":"ofr78610","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-610","title":"Flood investigations in Nevada through 1977 water year","docAbstract":"Maximum annual discharges, gage heights, and probable flood dates for 127 sites are compiled for Nevada streams. Data have been collected in cooperation with the Nevada Department of Highways at most of the sites (108).
Also included in the report are the peak discharges, gage heights, and flood dates for the period of record at continuous recording gaging stations and a compilation of peak-flow measurements made at miscellaneous streamsites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78610","usgsCitation":"Moosburner, O., 1978, Flood investigations in Nevada through 1977 water year: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-610, iv. 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78610.","productDescription":"iv. 90 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0610/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359126,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0610/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef198","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moosburner, Otto","contributorId":41822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moosburner","given":"Otto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8806,"text":"ofr78664 - 1978 - Low-flow characteristics of small streams in proposed Public Law 566 basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-08T14:31:11","indexId":"ofr78664","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-664","title":"Low-flow characteristics of small streams in proposed Public Law 566 basins","docAbstract":"Low-flow characteristics of Wisconsin streams in basins considered for work under Public Law 566 are presented in this report. The low-flow characteristics presented are the annual minimum 1-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on the average of once in 2 years (Q7,2) and the annual minimum 7-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on the average of once in 10 years (Q7,10).
\nThe low-flow characteristics are presented for 278 project sites in 32 basins considered for work under Public Law 566. They were determined by correlating base-flow measurements at the project site to the concurrent daily mean flow at continuous-record gaging stations in the area. The Q7,2 and Q7,10 discharges determined by a frequency analysis at the continuous-record gaging stations were used to estimate the Q7,2 an Q7,10 at the project sites.
\nThe accuracy of the estimated low-flow characteristics is evaluated according to the type and amount of data available used. The statewide average of the accuracy determined by the standard error of estimate for the 10-year low flow (SE7,10)> based on three base-flow measurements, is 45 percent but differs within the State.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78664","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Department Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., 1978, Low-flow characteristics of small streams in proposed Public Law 566 basins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-664, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78664.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0664/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36385,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0664/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64867c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Stephen J.","contributorId":53800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8681,"text":"ofr78933 - 1978 - Proceedings of Conference V: communicating earthquake hazard reduction information: convened under auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program 22-24 May, 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T10:18:25","indexId":"ofr78933","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-933","title":"Proceedings of Conference V: communicating earthquake hazard reduction information: convened under auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program 22-24 May, 1978","docAbstract":"Under the Earthquake Hazard Reduction Act of 1977, the federal government is significantly increasing its effort \"to reduce the risk of life and property from future earthquakes in the United States through the establishment and maintenance of an effective earthquake hazards reduction program\". This prgoram is sponsored primarily by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Science Foundation and includes research by geologists, geophysicists, seismologists, engineers, sociologists, educators, and public policy experts.
\nIn the USGS program, there is a strong emphsis on effective communication of the results of research to a wide community of decision makers and users. This action is the key to implementation at all levels in federal, state, and local government, in the private sector, and on an individual basis.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey convened a workshop involving approximately 65 people on May 22-24, 1978 in Denver, Colorado, to examine the communication problem. The purpose of the workshop was to evaluate critically the information-flow process for a number of past experiences, including:
\n(1) land use planning in Portola Valley, California,
\n(2) the seismic safety element, Santa Clara County, California
\n(3) earthquake preparedness, Puget Sound, Washington area,
\n(4) mitigation of geological hazards in Colorado,
\n(5) earthquake planning in the Mississippi-Arkansas-Tennessee area,
\n(6) water resource and land use planning in the northeast United States,
\n(7) acquiring and disseminating scientific and engineering information following an earthquake,
\n(8) development, use, and review of geologic and seismological data fro sitting of nuclear power plants,
\n(9) development and use of building codes that incorporate earthquake provisions,
\n(10) use of research products produced in the HUD/USGS San Francisco Bay region study, and\n
(11) achieving landslide hazard reduction.
\nThe objective was to identify the most significant lessons learned during the course of each experience and to develop recommendations for improving communication that might be incorporated in the search program of the USGS.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78933","usgsCitation":"Hays, W., 1978, Proceedings of Conference V: communicating earthquake hazard reduction information: convened under auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program 22-24 May, 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-933, 426 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78933.","productDescription":"426 p.","numberOfPages":"444","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286622,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0933/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66089d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, Walter W.","contributorId":66669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Walter W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8485,"text":"ofr78950 - 1978 - Agricultural land use and water quality in the upper St. Joseph River basin, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T12:57:39","indexId":"ofr78950","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-950","title":"Agricultural land use and water quality in the upper St. Joseph River basin, Michigan","docAbstract":"Land use in the upper St. Joseph River basin of south-central Michigan is primarily agricultural. In the 144-square-mile area, the chemical and physical characteristics of water are determined by the climate and soils, as well as by land conservation practices. Municipal waste discharges affect water quality at some locations, as do the larger lakes and ponds. Data indicate that mean discharge from the basin is 135 cubic feet per second. About half this flow is contributed to the St. Joseph River by three major tributaries: Beebe Creek (36 cubic feet per second); Sand Creek (24 cubic feet per second); and Soap Creek (13 cubic feet per second). Runoff from 21 drainage areas delineated for the investigation ranged from 0.22 to 4.07 cubic feet per second per square mile; both the higher and lower values are largely the result of naturally occurring inter- and intrabasin transfers of water.
Suspended-sediment concentrations are low throughout the basin, rarely exceeding 100 milligrams per liter. Mean concentrations at four daily sampling stations on the major tributaries and on the St. Joseph River ranged from 9.7 milligrams per liter to 38 milligrams per liter. The maximum sediment yield was 182 pounds per acre per year. Deposition of sediment in five of the 21 areas resulted in a net loss of sediment transported, and thus “negative” yields.
Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations do not vary greatly from site to site. Mean concentrations of total nitrogen at downstream sites on Beebe, Sand, and Soap Creeks, and on the St. Joseph River ranged from 1.5 to 1.8 milligrams per liter. About 90 percent of all nitrogen, and 66 percent of all phosphorus, is transported in solution. Land used principally for agriculture has a mean total nitrogen yield of 4.9 pounds per acre per year and a mean total phosphorus yield of 0.13 pounds per year. A comparison of total nitrogen and total phosphorus yields with type of agricultural use showed few relationships; nitrogen yield, however, seems to decrease as the percentage of land in row crop and small grain increases. A relation between amount of fertilizer applied to land and the amount in streams could not be demonstrated.
Only about 6 percent of the total nitrogen and about 1 percent of the total phosphorus added to the land in animal wastes, in precipitation, and applied as fertilizer, is transported from the basin by the St. Joseph River at Clarendon. Estimates also suggest that almost three times as much nitrogen, and twice as much phosphorus, fall in precipitation on the basin as is transported from the basin by runoff. In general, land conservation practices of the past seem to have been effective in minimizing erosion and leaching of soils in the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/ofr78950","usgsCitation":"Cummings, T.R., 1978, Agricultural land use and water quality in the upper St. Joseph River basin, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-950, xiv, 160 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78950.","productDescription":"xiv, 160 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":141643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr78-950/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Upper St. Joseph River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummings, T. Ray","contributorId":20722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8358,"text":"ofr78583 - 1978 - Estimates of 7-day, 10-year minimum flows at selected stream sites in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T22:17:33.046997","indexId":"ofr78583","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-583","title":"Estimates of 7-day, 10-year minimum flows at selected stream sites in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The 7-day, 10-year minimum flow of streams is used as an index for determining the capacity of streams to receive waste effluents. This index of flow was computed from streamflow records for 31 stream sites in Puerto Rico. In addition, there was a need for the 7-day, 10-year minimum flow at an additional 15 stream sites for which adequate streamflow data were not available. The flow index was estimated at these sites on the basis of available record, records at nearby sites, and comparisons with drainage areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78583","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board","usgsCitation":"Cobb, E.D., 1978, Estimates of 7-day, 10-year minimum flows at selected stream sites in Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-583, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78583.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413251,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0583/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0583/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto 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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-678","title":"Description of data-collection system and synopsis of selected hydrologic data for Soldier Creek Basin, Kansas","docAbstract":"Soldier Creek basin is a long, narrow basin encompassing an area of about 290 square miles almost directly north of Topeka, Kansas. A wide range of hydrologic data has been collected in the basin since the spring of 1964. These data include rainfall, stream discharge, sediment concentrations, chemical quality of water, and ground-water altitudes.
The data collection system consists of 7 recording streamflow stations, 5 recording rainfall stations, 51 non-recording rainfall stations, and 31 groundwater observation wells. Sediment and chemical quality of water samples were collected intermittently at selected sites.
A synopsis of the time and space distribution of rainfall and peak flow are provided in graphic and tabular form for selected events of rainfall and peak flow. Representative data concerning the chemical quality of water and the fluvial sediment also are included. Selected ground-water and seepage-investigation data are depicted graphically.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78678","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 1978, Description of data-collection system and synopsis of selected hydrologic data for Soldier Creek Basin, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-678, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78678.","productDescription":"80 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":141331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0678/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346263,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0678/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Soldier Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 39.09276546806873\n ],\n [\n -95.64559936523438,\n 39.09276546806873\n ],\n [\n -95.64559936523438,\n 39.659627802935226\n ],\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 39.659627802935226\n ],\n [\n -96.03149414062499,\n 39.09276546806873\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dcd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":157369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207380,"text":"70207380 - 1978 - A computer-assisted graphical method for identification and correlation of igneous rock chemistries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T15:12:24.719967","indexId":"70207380","displayToPublicDate":"1978-12-18T13:25:02","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A computer-assisted graphical method for identification and correlation of igneous rock chemistries","docAbstract":"We have devised a computer-assisted graphical method for correlating chemical analyses in suites of related igneous rocks. The method provides a direct and empirical means of sample identification using all of the reported chemistry. In a study of basalt of the Columbia River plateau, the method has been used for (1) checking field identifications of rocks, (2) spotting analytical errors in analyses of samples of known chemical type, (3) identifying repetitions of chemistry in thick stratigraphic sections, and (4) matching analyses of dikes to those of flows that the dikes may have fed.
Program OXVAR creates a set of oxide-oxide variation diagrams on a CALCOMP plotter; any oxide may be used as the base (for example, MgO, SiO2). For each oxide-oxide variation diagram, program CTSET creates the smallest convex polygon that encloses all the data points as well as a larger polygon that takes into account the error in determination of each data point. A set of nested polygons, one for each oxide, then represents a chemical type. Program CTYPE identifies unknown analyses by comparing them with all defined chemical types. If all the elements or oxides of an analysis plot within the defined polygons for a given chemical type, then an identification is printed. If at least one element of an analysis falls outside the set of polygons defined for each chemical type, then “unidentified” is printed, and qualitative information on the amount of deviation from the defined chemical types is given.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1978)6<16:ACGMFI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wright, T., and Hamilton, M., 1978, A computer-assisted graphical method for identification and correlation of igneous rock chemistries: Geology, v. 6, no. 1, p. 14-20, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1978)6<16:ACGMFI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, M.S.","contributorId":221332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232584,"text":"70232584 - 1978 - Accuracy of flood mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T15:47:29.86139","indexId":"70232584","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T10:44:30","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy of flood mapping","docAbstract":"Information taken directly from published and unpublished reports was used to appraise the accuracy and the limitations of the three general flood-mapping methods: detailed, historical, and physiographic. In the appraisal, the probable nationwide average standard error of estimate for water depth and elevation in percentage of depth and in meters was determined for 100-year flood boundaries. Bias errors, users' errors, and certain time-variant errors were not. considered. The probable standard error for the detailed method is 23 percent. Based on 3.9 m as the national average 100-yr depth, the probable standard error of estimate is 0.9 m. The detailed method is applicable to a wide range of hydraulic and topographic conditions; it is the only method tested that is directly applicable to floodways analysis. The method requires detailed data and time-consuming analyses, however, and it has only limited application for determining flood elevations for sheet flow and for flow in channels having readily movable boundaries. The probable standard error for the historical method is 23 percent. Based on the 3.9-m average 100-yr depth, the standard error is 0.9 m. The historical method is applicable to a wide range of hydraulic and topographic conditions if specific data are available. The method is not applicable to floodways analysis, and it has only limited application for flow in moveable-boundary channels. The standard error for the physiographic method is 27 percent. In meters, the error is 1.1. .The physiographic method is simpler to apply than the other methods; however, it can be used only in natural channels having rigid boundaries. It is not applicable to sheet flow and to floodways analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Burkham, D., 1978, Accuracy of flood mapping: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 4, p. 515-527.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"527","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403168,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue4/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkham, D. E.","contributorId":97073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkham","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10219,"text":"ofr78324 - 1978 - Urban stormwater runoff data for a residential area, Pompano Beach, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T18:53:49.643124","indexId":"ofr78324","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T22:05:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-324","title":"Urban stormwater runoff data for a residential area, Pompano Beach, Florida","docAbstract":"Rainfall, storm-sewer discharge, and water-quality analyses of storm runoff are summarized for a single-family residential area near Pompano Beach, Florida. The area of the drainage basin is 41 acres of which 61 percent is pervious sod lawns and 39 percent is impervious roofs, driveways and streets. The land surface is nearly flat with a gentle, eastward slope. Storm runoff flows eastward along grass swales into a sewer collection system on the eastern boundary of the area that in turn joins a 36-inch diameter storm drain. Runoff loads of 12 or more water-quality constituents were computed for 32 storms between April 1974 and September 1975. Chemical analyses of rainfall for 3 storms are included. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78324","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Broward County Water Management Division and Broward County Environmental Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mattraw, H.C., Hardee, J., and Miller, R.A., 1978, Urban stormwater runoff data for a residential area, Pompano Beach, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-324, iii, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78324.","productDescription":"iii, 5 p.","numberOfPages":"111","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382490,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0324/ofr78324.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":142528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0324/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","city":"Pompano Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8538818359375,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -79.96673583984375,\n 25.720735134412106\n ],\n [\n -79.96673583984375,\n 26.914722928870564\n ],\n [\n -80.8538818359375,\n 26.914722928870564\n ],\n [\n -80.8538818359375,\n 25.720735134412106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Water resources of the Umatilla Indian Reservation are poorly distributed both geographically and in time. On the reservation, only the Umatilla River and one of its principal tributaries, Meacham Creek, have significant perennial flows. Runoff of the principal streams is largely from snowmelt in the Blue Mountains and is highly variable. The principal aquifers are the Columbia River Basalt Group and the Quaternary alluvium. The basalt underlies the entire reservation to a depth of a few thousand feet, and most wells tap this source. The Quaternary alluvium is present only in the valleys of the principal streams. The alluvium averages about 12 feet (ft) in thickness in the Umatilla River valley, where it has the greatest extent; elsewhere it is generally thinner.
Surface-water outflow from the reservation averages about 600 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), and the total stream inflow is about 540 ft3/s. About 480 ft3/s of the outflow is in the Umatilla River, 106 ft3/s is in McKay Creek, and 14 ft3/s is in other streams.
Dependable streamflow, defined here as the 7-day mean low flow that will occur once every 50 years, on the average, is 30 ft3/s in Umatilla River above Meacham Creek near Gibbon, 5 ft3/s in Meacham Creek below Line Creek at the east boundary, 33 ft3/s in Umatilla River at Cayuse, and 14 ft3/s in Umatilla River at Pendleton. Monthly mean flows in Umatilla River above Meacham Creek near Gibbon in summer and fall frequently are less than the published recommended minimum flows for spawning and rearing of trout; in the reach of the Umatilla River near Pendleton the summer and fall flows generally are below those recommended minimum flows.
Wells in the Columbia River Basalt Group range in depth from a few to 1,910 ft, and their yields range from less than 1 to more than 1,200 gallons per minute (gal/min). Small yields adequate for domestic needs can generally be obtained from the basalt. The depths required for successful wells may be extremely variable. Evaluation of specific-capacity data from wells in the basalt in four geographic areas suggests that the basalt is more permeable beneath the south reservation and the Umatilla River valley, that the permeability decreases on the north reservation, and that it is least in the Blue Mountains.
Surface and ground waters generally are of good quality and suitable for most uses. Surface water is soft and generally contains less than 120 milligrams per liter (ug/L) of dissolved solids. Dissolved oxygen in streams is generally at or close to saturation levels at most stream temperatures and discharge rates. Ground water ranges from soft to very hard (28 to 280 mg/L), but it generally ranges between moderately hard to hard (61 to 180 mg/L). Dissolved solids in ground water range from 88 to 561 mg/L, but generally are between 200 and about 250 mg/L.
During 1975, an estimated 11 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of surface and ground water was withdrawn from the reservation for all uses. About 4 Mgal/d was from surface-water sources and 60 percent, or 7 Mgal/d, was from ground-water sources. About 7.2 Mgal/d was used for irrigation, 3.6 Mgal/d for public supply, and the remainder was for domestic and industrial use. About 4 Mgal/d, or 40 percent of the total water withdrawn, was for public supply and for irrigation use outside the reservation boundaries.
Local seasonal declines of ground-water levels of 100 ft or more occur in shallow basalt wells in the Umatilla River valley between Mission and the west boundary. The declines are due chiefly to pumping from many small-capacity shallow wells in the basalt for irrigation of lawns and small acreages of pasture or hay.
Future potential problems on the reservation include regional decline of ground-water levels in the basalt aquifer and local contamination of surface and ground water from accidental spills of deleterious substances.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri773","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, J.B., and Harris, D., 1977, Water resources of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-3, vi, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri773.","productDescription":"vi, 112 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":361270,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0003/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":361269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umatilla Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.8,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -118.25,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -118.25,\n 45.8\n ],\n [\n -118.8,\n 45.8\n ],\n [\n -118.8,\n 45.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, Joseph B.","contributorId":74350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":229957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, D.D.","contributorId":59002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44536,"text":"ofr7739 - 1977 - Small-stream flood investigations in Minnesota: October 1958 to September 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:27:45","indexId":"ofr7739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-39","title":"Small-stream flood investigations in Minnesota: October 1958 to September 1975","docAbstract":"An investigation of flood flows from small drainage basins in Minnesota was initiated to aid in the design of bridges, culverts and other highway drainage structures. The program provides peak flow data on streams having drainage areas generally less than 50 square miles, placing particular emphasis on those less than 10 square miles. Basin parameters being investigated are drainage area, length of main stream, slope of main channel, basin altitude, forest cover, and storage area. Each of the 138 gaging stations are equipped with crest-stage gages, and 10 stations have continuous recorded records of stage and precipitation. The relative magnitude of flood flows for different hydrologic regions are shown in graphs which relate maximum discharge to drainage area. Each station record contains location, drainage area, records available, type of gage, on-site structure elevations, bankfill stage, and annual maximum stage and discharge data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr7739","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Highways","usgsCitation":"Guetzkow, L.C., and Gunard, K.T., 1977, Small-stream flood investigations in Minnesota: October 1958 to September 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-39, viii, 161 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7739.","productDescription":"viii, 161 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":99293,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0039/report.pdf","size":"6682","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":134842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0039/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee14f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guetzkow, Lowell C.","contributorId":65816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guetzkow","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunard, Kurt T.","contributorId":29373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunard","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44532,"text":"wri7712 - 1977 - Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part I - Effects of Raystown Lake on the low-flow frequency characteristics of the Juniata and lower Susquehanna Rivers, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T08:40:18","indexId":"wri7712","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-12","title":"Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part I - Effects of Raystown Lake on the low-flow frequency characteristics of the Juniata and lower Susquehanna Rivers, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A flow-routing model was used to simulate 17 water years of daily streamflows at five sites. The sites were Mapleton Depot and Newport, Pennsylvania, on the Juniata River, and Harrisburg and Marietta, Pennsylvania, and Conowingo, Maryland, on the Susquehanna River. The purpose for the simulations was to determine the effects of a new reservoir, Raystown Lake, on the low-flow frequency characteristics of these sites. Raystown Lake is on Raystown Branch Juniata River, a tributary to the Juniata River.
\nOutput from a reservoir-regulation model of Raystown Lake was used as input to the flow-routing models. In addition, a reservoir-routing model was developed for the hydroelectric power dams on the lower Susquehanna River.
\nLow-flow frequency curves, based on the post-Raystown Lake simulated flows, were compared to similar curves based on pre-Raystown observed data. The comparison indicated that operation of the lake will cause estimated increases in the 7-day 10-year low flows ranging from 420 cfs at Mapleton Depot to 290 cfs at Marietta and Conowingo over the 7-day 10-year low flows for pre-Raystown conditions.
\nAlthough inherent modeling errors exist in all of these simulated data, the overall quality of the simulated flows and the low-flow frequency curves is considered good. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7712","usgsCitation":"Armbruster, J.T., 1977, Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part I - Effects of Raystown Lake on the low-flow frequency characteristics of the Juniata and lower Susquehanna Rivers, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-12, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7712.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri7712.jpg"},{"id":310269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0012/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n 39.65645604812829\n ],\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -76.1572265625,\n 41.054501963290505\n ],\n [\n -76.1572265625,\n 39.65645604812829\n ],\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n 39.65645604812829\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbruster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":37707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47634,"text":"wri77116 - 1977 - Time of travel of solutes in selected reaches of Ohio streams, 1973 and 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T10:10:15","indexId":"wri77116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-116","title":"Time of travel of solutes in selected reaches of Ohio streams, 1973 and 1975","docAbstract":"The basic field data for time-of-travel measurements on six streams in Ohio are presented. In general, additional data on stream cross sections, tributary inflows, and chemical analyses for mainstream and tributary flows are given. Insufficient data were obtained to establish time-distance or time-discharge relationships.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","doi":"10.3133/wri77116","usgsCitation":"Westfall, A.O., 1977, Time of travel of solutes in selected reaches of Ohio streams, 1973 and 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-116, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77116.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"69","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332402,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cce4b07f02db543f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westfall, Arthur O.","contributorId":71221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westfall","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10854,"text":"ofr77150 - 1977 - A brief investigation of the surface-water hydrology of Yemen Arab Republic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-26T09:10:54","indexId":"ofr77150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-150","title":"A brief investigation of the surface-water hydrology of Yemen Arab Republic","docAbstract":"Yemen, near the southwest tip of the Arabian Peninsula, is a mountainous country bordered by a desert on the east and a coastal plain on the west. Rainfall is low and seasonal; consequently, most streams (wadis) are ephemeral. The natural flow regimens of many of the smaller wadis are modified by terracing for agriculture. The only streamflow data available in Yemen are short records on four large wadis. A brief field investigation and application of reconnaissance techniques are the bases for the largely qualitative description of the hydrology, and for the proposal to collect streamflow data needed for orderly development of the expanding economy. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77150","usgsCitation":"Riggs, H.C., 1977, A brief investigation of the surface-water hydrology of Yemen Arab Republic: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-150, iv, 37 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77150.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363243,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0150/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0150/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Yemen","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd497ae4b0b290850ef37d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggs, Henry Chiles","contributorId":44129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"Chiles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56390,"text":"wdrWV761 - 1977 - Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-24T15:15:39.225972","indexId":"wdrWV761","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WV-76-1","title":"Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1976","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1976 water year for West Virginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 125 gaging stations; stage only records for 4 gaging stations; stage and contents for 6 lakes and reservoirs; contents for 1 reservoir; water quality for 44 gaging stations; and water levels for 38 observation wells. Also included are 37 crest-stage partial-record stations and 8 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collections program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in West Virginia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrWV761","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of West Virginia and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Water resources data for West Virginia, water year 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WV-76-1, viii, 423 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWV761.","productDescription":"viii, 423 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1976/wv-76-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":482370,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1976/wv-76-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West 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Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f174c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19477,"text":"ofr7735 - 1977 - Genesis of a zoned granite stock, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr7735","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-35","title":"Genesis of a zoned granite stock, Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"A composite epizonal stock of biotite granite has intruded a diverse assemblage of metamorphic rocks in the Serpentine Hot Springs area of north-central Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The metamorphic rocks include amphibolite-facies orthogneiss and paragneiss, greenschist-facies fine-grained siliceous and graphitic metasediments, and a variety of carbonate rocks. Lithologic units within the metamorphic terrane trend generally north-northeast and dip moderately toward the southeast. Thrust faults locally juxtapose lithologic units in the metamorphic assemblage, and normal faults displace both the metamorphic rocks and some parts of the granite stock. The gneisses and graphitic metasediments are believed to be late Precambrian in age, but the carbonate rocks are in part Paleozoic. Dating by the potassium-argon method indicates that the granite stock is Late Cretaceous. \r\n\r\nThe stock has sharp discordant contacts, beyond which is a well-developed thermal aureole with rocks of hornblende hornfels facies. The average mode of the granite is 29 percent plagioclase, 31 percent quartz, 36 percent K-feldspar, and 4 percent biotite. Accessory minerals include apatite, magnetite, sphene, allanite, and zircon. Late-stage or deuteric minerals include muscovite, fluorite, tourmaline, quartz, and albite. \r\n\r\nThe stock is a zoned complex containing rocks with several textural facies that are present in four partly concentric zones. Zone 1 is a discontinuous border unit, containing fine- to coarse-grained biotite granite, that grades inward into zone 2. Zone 2 consists of porphyritic biotite granite with oriented phenocrysts of pinkish-gray microcline in a coarse-grained equigranular groundmass of plagioclase, quartz, and biotite. It is in sharp, concordant to discordant contact with rocks of zone 3. Zone 3 consists of seriate-textured biotite granite that has been intruded by bodies of porphyritic biotite granite containing phenocrysts of plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, and biotite in an aplitic groundmass. Flow structures, pegmatite and aplite segregations, and miarolitic cavities are common in the seriate-textured granite. Zone 4, which forms the central part of the complex, consists of fine- to medium-grained biotite granite and locally developed leucogranite. Small miarolitic cavities are common within it. \r\n\r\nEight textural facies have been defined within the complex, and mineralogic, petrographic, modal, and chemical variations are broadly systematic within the facies sequence. Study of these variations shows that the gradational facies of zones l and 2 systematically shift toward more mafic compositions inward within the complex. Seriate-textured rocks of zone 3 are similar in composition to those of zone 2, but porphyritic rocks of zone 3 and rocks of zone 4 mark shifts to more felsic compositions. These late-crystallizing felsic rocks are products of an interior residual magma system. This system was enriched in water and certain trace elements including tin, lithium, niobium, lead, and zinc. The complex as a whole has higher concentrations of these elements than many other granites. The nature of this geochemical specialization is particularly well demonstrated by the trace-element composition of biotite.\r\n\r\nThe crystallization history of the pluton was complex. The available data suggest that this history could have included: (1) chilling and metasomatic alteration adjacent to the contact, (2) in-situ crystallization in several marginal facies accompanied by some transfer of residual constituents toward interior parts of the pluton, (3) slight upward displacement of magma that was subjacent to the crystallized walls, accompanied by disequilibrium crystallization and local vapor saturation, (4) upward displacement of part of the residual water-rich interior magma, accompanied by rapid loss of a separated vapor phase, and (5) displacement of the margins of the pluton by normal faults, accompanied by loss of an exsolved vapor phase from th","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7735","usgsCitation":"Hudson, T., 1977, Genesis of a zoned granite stock, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-35, xv, 188 p. :ill., maps (1 fold. in pocket) ; scale 1:31,680; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7735.","productDescription":"xv, 188 p. :ill., maps (1 fold. in pocket) ; scale 1:31,680; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48947,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0035/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48948,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"31680","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Travis","contributorId":90282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30552,"text":"wri7726 - 1977 - Hydrology of the Creeping Swamp Watershed, North Carolina with reference to potential effects of stream channelization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T12:15:02","indexId":"wri7726","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-26","title":"Hydrology of the Creeping Swamp Watershed, North Carolina with reference to potential effects of stream channelization","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were collected for four years at six sites in the Creeping Swamp watershed in eastern North Carolina in a preliminary effort to study the effects of stream channelization on the hydrology of a small watershed. A water-budget evaluation for pre-channelized conditions showed that runoff accounts for about 17 percent of the total rainfall, base runoff about 20 percent, ground-water outflow about 2 percent, and evapotranspiration about 61 percent. Channelization would have caused the greatest decline in ground-water levels nearest the stream, with the decline diminishing with increased distance from the stream. Channelization would also have resulted in a decrease in overland runoff and an increase in the amount of water reaching Creeping Swamp through the ground-water system, although the total volume of runoff would not change significantly. The water-quality characteristics of Creeping Swamp indicate that the stream is relatively free of pollution, although it is likely that channelization would increase (1) suspended-sediment loads, (2) stream temperatures, and (3) concentrations of dissolved solids, especially during low flows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7726","usgsCitation":"Winner, M., and Simmons, C., 1977, Hydrology of the Creeping Swamp Watershed, North Carolina with reference to potential effects of stream channelization: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-26, vi, 54 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7726.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365792,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Creeping Swamp 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winner, M.D.","contributorId":59801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winner","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, C.E.","contributorId":32572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47635,"text":"wri7739 - 1977 - Estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on natural-flow streams in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:24","indexId":"wri7739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-39","title":"Estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on natural-flow streams in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The magnitude and frequency of floods on natural-flow streams in Massachusetts, with drainage areas between 0.25 square mile and 497 square miles, may be estimated from drainage area, main channel slope, a precipitation index, and a storage factor. Multiple-regression techniques were used to define the relationship between basin and climatic characteristics, and flood peaks for 113 gaging stations. Flood-frequency and magnitude data at the gaging stations were computed using the guidelines recommended by the U.S. Water Resources Council. It was found that flood peaks of rural, unregulated Massachusetts streams can best be defined by dividing the State into an EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS and a WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS flood-frequency region. The regression equations relate peak discharges with 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, and 0.002 exceedance probabilities to basin and climatic parameters. Standard errors of estimate ranged from 42 to 70 percent for the eastern river basins and from 32 to 68 percent for the western river basins. The defined estimating relations do not apply to streams where the flood flows are significantly affected by regulation where the usable man-made storage is over 4.5 million cubic feet per square mile, or by diversions or urbanization, or where the basin indices are outside a specified range. Also, these equations should not be used for basins in eastern Plymouth County, or Barnstable, Dukes, or Nantucket Counties where the available data are insufficient to determine the influence of high infiltration and storage capacities of drainage basins on flood flows. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri7739","usgsCitation":"Wandle, S.W., 1977, Estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on natural-flow streams in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-39, 26 p., 1 plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7739.","productDescription":"26 p., 1 plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc68a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wandle, S. William Jr.","contributorId":99562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandle","given":"S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27885,"text":"wri7714 - 1977 - Simulation studies of flow and sediment transport using a mathematical model, Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:58:48","indexId":"wri7714","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-14","title":"Simulation studies of flow and sediment transport using a mathematical model, Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Simulation studies were made of flow and sediment transport for the Atchafalaya River basin, Louisiana using a mathematical model calibrated and supplied by the Hydrologic Engineering Center and the New Orleans District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The study results are based on three, 50-year computer simulations for the following alternatives: (1) no-action alternative, (2) channelization with a center-channel flow area of 80,000 sq ft, and (3) channelization with a center-channel flow area of 100,000 sq ft. Analyses of the simulated data base for depth-frequency, inundated-area, floodway cross-section and water-surface profile relationships were made for 10 flow rates. The analyses indicate a general trend of aggradation in the lower part of the floodway with a consequent trend toward increasing the inundated area, especially at higher flood flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7714","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M.E., and Land, L.F., 1977, Simulation studies of flow and sediment transport using a mathematical model, Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-14, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7714.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359497,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0014/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.91986083984375,\n 29.310351371763023\n ],\n [\n -91.14532470703125,\n 29.310351371763023\n ],\n [\n -91.14532470703125,\n 31.027047769854388\n ],\n [\n -91.91986083984375,\n 31.027047769854388\n ],\n [\n -91.91986083984375,\n 29.310351371763023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a5f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56368,"text":"wdrIN761 - 1977 - Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T10:44:51","indexId":"wdrIN761","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-76-1","title":"Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1976","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1976 water year for Indiana consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 192 gaging stations; stage and contents for 12 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 36 gaging stations; and water levels for 47 observation wells. Also included are 119 crest-stage partial-record stations, 49 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Indiana.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN761","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Indiana and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-76-1, xii, 363 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN761.","productDescription":"xii, 363 p.","numberOfPages":"379","temporalStart":"1975-10-01","temporalEnd":"1976-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288297,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1976/in-76-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28390,"text":"wri7748 - 1977 - Low-flow characteristics of Minnesota streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:24:24","indexId":"wri7748","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-48","title":"Low-flow characteristics of Minnesota streams","docAbstract":"Low-flow frequency data for 161 continuous-record gaging stations having eight or more complete years of record are presented for 1-, 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, 183-, and 365-day low flows for frequencies ranging from once in 2 years to once in 100 years. In addition, 8,146 low-flow measurements at 1,515 sites are given. Included are measurements at 623 partial-record stations where correlations with nearby continuous-record gaging stations eventually will be completed, and at 892 miscellaneous-measurement sites where only a few measurements were made.
\nExamples are given for determining low-flow characteristics at partial-record stations and miscellaneous-measurement sites. Where the number of measurements are adequate to develop a relation line, they alone are related to concurrent daily flows at a continuous-record gaging station. Where the number of measurements are too few to define a relation with flows at nearby gaging stations, an equal-yield line can be helpful for estimating a relation line. The relation line may be used to transfer low-flow characteristics from a continuous-record gaging station to a site where only discharge measurements are available .
\nSpecific conductance of streams, where available, is listed with the discharge measurements at partial-record stations and miscellaneous-measurement sites. Observed conductivity values range from less than 50 micromhos per centimeter at 25° Celsius in the northeast to greater than 1,000 for parts of west-central Minnesota.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri7748","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters","usgsCitation":"Lindskov, K., 1977, Low-flow characteristics of Minnesota streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-48, Document: 197 p.; Plate: 24.82 x 28.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7748.","productDescription":"Document: 197 p.; Plate: 24.82 x 28.55 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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