One of the many challenges in studying methane hydrate is that it is unstable at typical surface pressure and temperature conditions. To enable methane hydrates and hydrate-bearing sediments to be formed, analyzed, and experimented with, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Woods Hole, MA collaborated in the development of the Gas Hydrate And Sediment Test Laboratory Instrument (GHASTLI). Over the past decade, the USGS has been operating GHASTLI and collaborating in the development of new sample handling tools and procedures, in an effort to improve our ability to analyze methane hydrate in the lab. These tools will enable hydrate researchers to more confidently link field studies (for example geophysics or drilling) with theoretical and predictive studies, leading to a better understanding of the geological conditions and processes that control the growth and concentration of natural gas hydrates, how hydrates affect the properties of the host sediments, and how the hydrate-sediment system changes when hydrate dissociates and releases the previously bound gas. To date, GHASTLI has been used to measure natural samples from ODP Leg 164 (Blake Ridge off the U.S. southeast Atlantic margin), Leg 204 (Hydrate Ridge off the Pacific Northwest margin) and the Mallik well (Mackenzie Delta in northwestern Canada). Additional samples in the queue for analysis are from the Chevron Joint Industry Project Experiment in the Gulf of Mexico and most recently, from IODP Leg 311 off Vancouver Island. Several foreign nations have asked whether GHASTLI will be available to analyze samples that might be recovered during national drilling programs. The ability to perform lab testing of hydrates within sediments is one of the unique capabilities of GHASTLI that separates it from other simulators at NETL and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Winters, W.J., Waite, W., Hutchinson, D.R., and Mason, D.H., 2008, Physical property studies in the USGS GHASTLI Laboratory: Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, v. 5, no. 4, p. 6-9.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/methane-hydrates/fire-in-the-ice"},{"id":352480,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/methane%20hydrates/HMNewsFall05_HighRez.pdf#page=6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afefda2e4b0da30c1bfcb39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":730959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, David H. dmason@usgs.gov","contributorId":624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"David","email":"dmason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70172021,"text":"70172021 - 2007 - Electrical activity during the 2006 Mount St. Augustine volcanic eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-06T15:34:16","indexId":"70172021","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-24T01:45:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical activity during the 2006 Mount St. Augustine volcanic eruptions","docAbstract":"By using a combination of radio frequency time-of-arrival and interferometer measurements, we observed a sequence of lightning and electrical activity during one of Mount St. Augustine's eruptions. The observations indicate that the electrical activity had two modes or phases. First, there was an explosive phase in which the ejecta from the explosion appeared to be highly charged upon exiting the volcano, resulting in numerous apparently disorganized discharges and some simple lightning. The net charge exiting the volcano appears to have been positive. The second phase, which followed the most energetic explosion, produced conventional-type discharges that occurred within plume. Although the plume cloud was undoubtedly charged as a result of the explosion itself, the fact that the lightning onset was delayed and continued after and well downwind of the eruption indicates that in situ charging of some kind was occurring, presumably similar in some respects to that which occurs in normal thunderstorms.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1126/science.1136091","usgsCitation":"Thomas, R., Krehbiel, P.R., Rison, W., Edens, H.E., Aulich, G., McNutt, S., Tytgat, G., and Clark, E., 2007, Electrical activity during the 2006 Mount St. Augustine volcanic eruptions: Science, v. 315, p. 1097-1097, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1136091.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1097","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Southwestern Cook Inlet in the Kenai Peninsula Borough of southcentral coastal Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.6485595703125,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -111.6485595703125,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -108.7811279296875,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -108.7811279296875,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -111.6485595703125,\n 43.35713822211053\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.6046600341797,\n 59.316549906490465\n ],\n [\n -153.6046600341797,\n 59.42167959499959\n ],\n [\n -153.32313537597656,\n 59.42167959499959\n ],\n [\n -153.32313537597656,\n 59.316549906490465\n ],\n [\n -153.6046600341797,\n 59.316549906490465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"315","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57569eb0e4b023b96ec28444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Ronald J.","contributorId":25371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Ronald J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":633149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krehbiel, Paul R.","contributorId":31622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krehbiel","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":633150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rison, William","contributorId":70640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rison","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":633151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edens, H. E.","contributorId":170433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edens","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":633152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aulich, G. D.","contributorId":170440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aulich","given":"G. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":633153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":633154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tytgat, Guy","contributorId":71152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tytgat","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":633155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Clark, E.","contributorId":50232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":633156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70171016,"text":"70171016 - 2007 - A user-friendly one-dimensional model for wet volcanic plumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T10:50:36","indexId":"70171016","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A user-friendly one-dimensional model for wet volcanic plumes","docAbstract":"This paper presents a user-friendly graphically based numerical model of one-dimensional steady state homogeneous volcanic plumes that calculates and plots profiles of upward velocity, plume density, radius, temperature, and other parameters as a function of height. The model considers effects of water condensation and ice formation on plume dynamics as well as the effect of water added to the plume at the vent. Atmospheric conditions may be specified through input parameters of constant lapse rates and relative humidity, or by loading profiles of actual atmospheric soundings. To illustrate the utility of the model, we compare calculations with field-based estimates of plume height (∼9 km) and eruption rate (>∼4 × 105 kg/s) during a brief tephra eruption at Mount St. Helens on 8 March 2005. Results show that the atmospheric conditions on that day boosted plume height by 1–3 km over that in a standard dry atmosphere. Although the eruption temperature was unknown, model calculations most closely match the observations for a temperature that is below magmatic but above 100°C.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2006GC001455","issn":"1525-2027","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., 2007, A user-friendly one-dimensional model for wet volcanic plumes: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 8, no. 3, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001455.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gc001455","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6435e4b07e28b6683450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170377,"text":"70170377 - 2007 - Explosive eruptive record in the Katmai region, Alaska Peninsula: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T11:15:57.959014","indexId":"70170377","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-28T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explosive eruptive record in the Katmai region, Alaska Peninsula: An overview","docAbstract":"At least 15 explosive eruptions from the Katmai cluster of volcanoes and another nine from other volcanoes on the Alaska Peninsula are preserved as tephra layers in syn- and post-glacial (Last Glacial Maximum) loess and soil sections in Katmai National Park, AK. About 400 tephra samples from 150 measured sections have been collected between Kaguyak volcano and Mount Martin and from Shelikof Strait to Bristol Bay (∼8,500 km2). Five tephra layers are distinctive and widespread enough to be used as marker horizons in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes area, and 140 radiocarbon dates on enclosing soils have established a time framework for entire soil–tephra sections to 10 ka; the white rhyolitic ash from the 1912 plinian eruption of Novarupta caps almost all sections. Stratigraphy, distribution and tephra characteristics have been combined with microprobe analyses of glass and Fe–Ti oxide minerals to correlate ash layers with their source vents. Microprobe analyses (typically 20–50 analyses per glass or oxide sample) commonly show oxide compositions to be more definitive than glass in distinguishing one tephra from another; oxides from the Kaguyak caldera-forming event are so compositionally coherent that they have been used as internal standards throughout this study. Other than the Novarupta and Trident eruptions of the last century, the youngest locally derived tephra is associated with emplacement of the Snowy Mountain summit dome (<250 14C years B.P.). East Mageik has erupted most frequently during Holocene time with seven explosive events (9,400 to 2,400 14C years B.P.) preserved as tephra layers. Mount Martin erupted entirely during the Holocene, with lava coulees (>6 ka), two tephras (∼3,700 and ∼2,700 14C years B.P.), and a summit scoria cone with a crater still steaming today. Mount Katmai has three times produced very large explosive plinian to sub-plinian events (in 1912; 12–16 ka; and 23 ka) and many smaller pyroclastic deposits show that explosive activity has long been common there. Mount Griggs, fumarolically active and moderately productive during postglacial time (mostly andesitic lavas), has three nested summit craters, two of which are on top of a Holocene central cone. Only one ash has been found that is (tentatively) correlated with the most recent eruptive activity on Griggs (<3,460 14C years B.P.). Eruptions from other volcanoes NE and SW beyond the Katmai cluster represented in this area include: (1) coignimbrite ash from Kaguyak’s caldera-forming event (5,800 14C years B.P.); (2) the climactic event from Fisher caldera (∼9,100 14C years B.P.—tentatively correlated); (3) at least three eruptions most likely from Mount Peulik (∼700, ∼7,700 and ∼8,500 14C years B.P.); and (4) a phreatic fallout most likely from the Gas Rocks (∼2,300 14C years B.P.). Most of the radiocarbon dating has been done on loess, soil and peat enclosing this tephra. Ash correlations supported by stratigraphy and microprobe data are combined with radiocarbon dating to show that variably organics-bearing substrates can provide reliable limiting ages for ash layers, especially when data for several sites is available.
The May 18, 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption perturbed the atmosphere and generated atmosphere-to-ground coupled airwaves, which were recorded on at least 35 seismometers operated by the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network (PNSN). From 102 distinct travel time picks we identify coherent airwaves crossing Washington State primarily to the north and east of the volcano. The travel time curves provide evidence for both stratospheric refractions (at 200 to 300 km from the volcano) as well as probable thermospheric refractions (at 100 to 350 km). The very few first-hand reports of audible volcano sounds within about 80 km of the volcano coincide with a general absence of ground-coupled acoustic arrivals registered within about 100 km and are attributed to upward refraction of sound waves. From the coherent refracted airwave arrivals, we identify at least four distinct sources which we infer to originate 10 s, 114 s, ∼ 180 s and 319 s after the onset of an 8:32:11 PDT landslide. The first of these sources is attributed to resultant depressurization and explosion of the cryptodome. Most of the subsequent arrivals also appear to be coincident with a source located at or near the presumed volcanic conduit, but at least one of the later arrivals suggests an epicenter displaced about 9 km to the northwest of the vent. This dislocation is compatible with the direction of the sector collapse and lateral blast. We speculate that this concussion corresponds to a northern explosion event associated with hot cryptodome entering the Toutle River Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.001","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J., and Malone, S.D., 2007, Ground-coupled acoustic airwaves from Mount St. Helens provide constraints on the May 18, 1980 eruption: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 258, p. 16-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.001.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Skamania County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.2836685180664,\n 46.13012537588263\n ],\n [\n -122.2836685180664,\n 46.25347289852333\n ],\n [\n -122.10582733154295,\n 46.25347289852333\n ],\n [\n -122.10582733154295,\n 46.13012537588263\n ],\n [\n -122.2836685180664,\n 46.13012537588263\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"258","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb4e4b0b13d3919a360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J.B.","contributorId":35107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, S. D.","contributorId":48310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171027,"text":"70171027 - 2007 - Swarms of repeating long-period earthquakes at Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska, 2001-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T10:48:44","indexId":"70171027","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-13T01:30:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Swarms of repeating long-period earthquakes at Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska, 2001-2004","docAbstract":"During 2001–2004, a series of four periods of elevated long-period seismic activity, each lasting about 1–2 months, occurred at Shishaldin Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. The time periods are termed swarms of repeating events, reflecting an abundance of earthquakes with highly similar waveforms that indicate stable, non-destructive sources. These swarms are characterized by increased earthquake amplitudes, although the seismicity rate of one event every 0.5–5 min has remained more or less constant since Shishaldin last erupted in 1999. A method based on waveform cross-correlation is used to identify highly repetitive events, suggestive of spatially distinct source locations. The waveform analysis shows that several different families of similar events co-exist during a given swarm day, but generally only one large family dominates. A network of hydrothermal fractures may explain the events that do not belong to a dominant repeating event group, i.e. multiple sources at different locations exist next to a dominant source. The dominant waveforms exhibit systematic changes throughout each swarm, but some of these waveforms do reappear over the course of 4 years indicating repeatedly activated source locations. The choked flow model provides a plausible trigger mechanism for the repeating events observed at Shishaldin, explaining the gradual changes in waveforms over time by changes in pressure gradient across a constriction within the uppermost part of the conduit. The sustained generation of Shishaldin's long-period events may be attributed to complex dynamics of a multi-fractured hydrothermal system: the pressure gradient within the main conduit may be regulated by temporarily sealing and reopening of parallel flow pathways, by the amount of debris within the main conduit and/or by changing gas influx into the hydrothermal system. The observations suggest that Shishaldin's swarms of repeating events represent time periods during which a dominant source is activated.
\nSince 1994, at least six major (volume>106 m3) ice and rock avalanches have occurred on Iliamna volcano, Alaska, USA. Each of the avalanches was preceded by up to 2 hours of seismicity believed to represent the initial stages of failure. Each seismic sequence begins with a series of repeating earthquakes thought to represent slip on an ice-rock interface, or between layers of ice. This stage is followed by a prolonged period of continuous ground-shaking that reflects constant slip accommodated by deformation at the glacier base. Finally the glacier fails in a large avalanche. Some of the events appear to have entrained large amounts of rock, while others comprise mostly snow and ice. Several avalanches initiated from the same source region, suggesting that this part of the volcano is particularly susceptible to failure, possibly due to the presence of nearby fumaroles. Although thermal conditions at the time of failure are not well constrained, it is likely that geothermal energy causes melting at the glacier base, promoting slip and culminating in failure. The frequent nature and predictable failure sequence of Iliamna avalanches makes the volcano an excellent laboratory for the study of ice avalanches. The prolonged nature of the seismic signal suggests that warning may one day be given for similar events occurring in populated regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge Journals","doi":"10.3189/172756507781833866","usgsCitation":"Caplan-Auerbach, J., and Huggel, C., 2007, Precursory seismicity associated with frequent, large ice avalanches on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, USA: Journal of Glaciology, v. 53, no. 180, p. 128-140, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756507781833866.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"140","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756507781833866","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Iliamna","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.43505859375,\n 59.839295488500326\n ],\n [\n -153.43505859375,\n 60.2002509295016\n ],\n [\n -152.578125,\n 60.2002509295016\n ],\n [\n -152.578125,\n 59.839295488500326\n ],\n [\n -153.43505859375,\n 59.839295488500326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"180","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5716053ee4b0ef3b7ca92055","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline","contributorId":17848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"Jacqueline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huggel, C.","contributorId":89347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huggel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160329,"text":"70160329 - 2007 - Second chance for the plains bison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T10:57:42","indexId":"70160329","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-13T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Second chance for the plains bison","docAbstract":"Before European settlement the plains bison (Bison bison bison) numbered in the tens of millions across most of the temperate region of North America. Within the span of a few decades during the mid- to late-1800s its numbers were reduced by hunting and other factors to a few hundred. The plight of the plains bison led to one of the first major movements in North America to save an endangered species. A few individuals and the American Bison Society rescued the remaining animals. Attempts to hybridize cattle and bison when bison numbers were low resulted in extensive cattle gene introgression in bison. Today, though approximately 500,000 plains bison exist in North America, few are free of cattle gene introgression, 96% are subject to anthropogenic selection for commodity production, and only 4% are in herds managed primarily for conservation purposes. Small herd size, artificial selection, cattle-gene introgression, and other factors threaten the diversity and integrity of the bison genome. In addition, the bison is for all practical purposes ecologically extinct across its former range, with multiple consequences for grassland biodiversity. Urgent measures are needed to conserve the wild bison genome and to restore the ecological role of bison in grassland ecosystems. Socioeconomic trends in the Great Plains, combined with new information about bison conservation needs and new conservation initiatives by both the public and public sectors, have set the stage for significant progress in bison conservation over the next few years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.019","usgsCitation":"Freese, C.H., Aune, K., Boyd, D., Derr, J., Forrest, S.C., Gates, C.C., Gogan, P.J., Grassel, S.M., Halbert, N., Kunkel, K.E., and Redford, K., 2007, Second chance for the plains bison: Biological Conservation, v. 136, no. 2, p. 175-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.019.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United 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Cormack","contributorId":150647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gates","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Cormack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gogan, Peter J. 0000-0002-7821-133X peter_gogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-133X","contributorId":1771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"Peter","email":"peter_gogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grassel, Shaun M.","contributorId":150648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grassel","given":"Shaun","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Halbert, Natalie D.","contributorId":69835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halbert","given":"Natalie D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kunkel, Kyran E.","contributorId":150649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Kyran","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":582570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Redford, Kent","contributorId":93428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redford","given":"Kent","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35703,"text":"Archipelago Consulting, Portland, ME, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70034074,"text":"70034074 - 2007 - Occurrence and potential human-health relevance of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from domestic wells in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T13:16:53.160366","indexId":"70034074","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and potential human-health relevance of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from domestic wells in the United States","docAbstract":"As the population and demand for safe drinking water from domestic wells increase, it is important to examine water quality and contaminant occurrence. A national assessment in 2006 by the U.S. Geological Survey reported findings for 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on 2,401 domestic wells sampled during 1985–2002.
We examined the occurrence of individual and multiple VOCs and assessed the potential human-health relevance of VOC concentrations. We also identified hydrogeologic and anthropogenic variables that influence the probability of VOC occurrence.
The domestic well samples were collected at the wellhead before treatment of water and analyzed for 55 VOCs. Results were used to examine VOC occurrence and identify associations of multiple explanatory variables using logistic regression analyses. We used a screening-level assessment to compare VOC concentrations to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) and health-based screening levels.
We detected VOCs in 65% of the samples; about one-half of these samples contained VOC mixtures. Frequently detected VOCs included chloroform, toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and perchloroethene. VOC concentrations generally were < 1 μg/L. One or more VOC concentrations were greater than MCLs in 1.2% of samples, including dibromochloropropane, 1,2-dichloropropane, and ethylene dibromide (fumigants); perchloroethene and trichloroethene (solvents); and 1,1-dichloroethene (organic synthesis compound).
Drinking water supplied by domestic wells is vulnerable to low-level VOC contamination. About 1% of samples had concentrations of potential human-health concern. Identifying factors associated with VOC occurrence may aid in understanding the sources, transport, and fate of VOCs in groundwater.
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Aqueous concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the interstitial water of reservoir sediments, in the gently stirred overlying waters of incubated sediment cores, and in supernatants of aggressively tumbled slurries of reservoir sediments generally were higher than the concentrations from a reference site. When compared to chronic water-quality criteria, all three measures of release suggest that slag-contaminated sediments near the U.S.-Canadian border are potentially toxic as a result of Cu release and Pb release in two of the three measures. All three measures of Cd release suggest potential toxicity for one site farther down the reservoir, probably contaminated as a result of transport and adsorption of Cd from smelter liquid waste. Releases of Zn and As did not appear to be potentially toxic. Carbonate geochemistry indirectly affects the potential toxicity by increasing water hardness.
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The ability to remotely detect movement helps to avoid disturbing natural movement behavior. Remote detection implies that the observer can sense only a change in signal bearing. In our simulated movements, small changes in bearing (<5.7??) were routinely undetectable. Detectability improved progressively with the size of the simulated animal movement. The average (??SD) of reflector tag movements correctly detected for 5 observers was 93.9 ?? 12.8% when the tag was moved ???11.5??; most observers correctly detected tag movements ???20.1??. Given our data, one can assess whether the technique will be effective for detecting movements at an observation distance appropriate for the study organism. We recommend that both habitat and behavior of the organism be taken into consideration when contemplating use of this technique for detecting locomotion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-396","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Boyarski, V., Rodda, G., and Savidge, J.A., 2007, Evaluation of harmonic direction-finding systems for detecting locomotor activity: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 5, p. 1704-1707, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-396.","startPage":"1704","endPage":"1707","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18968,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-396"}],"volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5facd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyarski, V.L.","contributorId":31508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyarski","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70000582,"text":"70000582 - 2007 - Comparing scat detection dogs, cameras, and hair snares for surveying carnivores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:38","indexId":"70000582","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:26","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing scat detection dogs, cameras, and hair snares for surveying carnivores","docAbstract":"Carnivores typically require large areas of habitat, exist at low natural densities, and exhibit elusive behavior - characteristics that render them difficult to study. Noninvasive survey methods increasingly provide means to collect extensive data on carnivore occupancy, distribution, and abundance. During the summers of 2003-2004, we compared the abilities of scat detection dogs, remote cameras, and hair snares to detect black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), and bobcats (Lynx rufus) at 168 sites throughout Vermont. All 3 methods detected black bears; neither fishers nor bobcats were detected by hair snares. Scat detection dogs yielded the highest raw detection rate and probability of detection (given presence) for each of the target species, as well as the greatest number of unique detections (i.e., occasions when only one method detected the target species). We estimated that the mean probability of detecting the target species during a single visit to a site with a detection dog was 0.87 for black bears, 0.84 for fishers, and 0.27 for bobcats. Although the cost of surveying with detection dogs was higher than that of remote cameras or hair snares, the efficiency of this method rendered it the most cost-effective survey method.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-292","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Long, R.A., Donovan, T., MacKay, P., Zielinski, W.J., and Buzas, J.S., 2007, Comparing scat detection dogs, cameras, and hair snares for surveying carnivores: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 6, p. 2018-2025, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-292.","startPage":"2018","endPage":"2025","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-292"}],"volume":"71","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae461","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Robert A.","contributorId":11732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":346367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, T.M.","contributorId":91602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKay, Paula","contributorId":37042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKay","given":"Paula","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":346369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zielinski, William J.","contributorId":35440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zielinski","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buzas, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":86080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buzas","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224823,"text":"5224823 - 2007 - Yellow-throated and Red-eyed Vireos foraging on green anoles during migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-14T16:52:26.478262","indexId":"5224823","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:35","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yellow-throated and Red-eyed Vireos foraging on green anoles during migration","docAbstract":"Yellow-throated (Vireo flavifrons) and Red-eyed vireos (V. olivaceus) were observed feeding on green anoles (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) at two localities in Florida and one in South Carolina. Vireos are long-distance migrants that require foods high in fatty acid content, especially when engaging in migration. It is not unlikely that vireos have an opportunistic foraging strategy to obtain the necessary food requirements, including attacking and consuming prey items such as small lizards. This note provides the first published reports of lizards taken as prey by these two species.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1676/06-163.1","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., Atherton, L., and Payne, R., 2007, Yellow-throated and Red-eyed Vireos foraging on green anoles during migration: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 119, no. 3, p. 508-510, https://doi.org/10.1676/06-163.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"510","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/240875","text":"External Repository"},{"id":198237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 31.015278981711266\n ],\n [\n -88.76953124999999,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -83.58398437499999,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -81.78222656249997,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.59570312499999,\n 24.886436490787712\n ],\n [\n -79.40917968749999,\n 25.60190226111573\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 30.751277776257783\n ],\n [\n -78.48632812499997,\n 33.97980872872457\n ],\n [\n -80.37597656249999,\n 35.209721645221386\n ],\n [\n -83.49609374999999,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 31.690781806136822\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atherton, L.S.","contributorId":76427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atherton","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Payne, R.L.","contributorId":38162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221151,"text":"5221151 - 2007 - Hierarchical spatial models of abundance and occurrence from imperfect survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-25T11:55:12.355905","indexId":"5221151","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical spatial models of abundance and occurrence from imperfect survey data","docAbstract":"Many estimation and inference problems arising from large-scale animal surveys are focused on developing an understanding of patterns in abundance or occurrence of a species based on spatially referenced count data. One fundamental challenge, then, is that it is generally not feasible to completely enumerate ('census') all individuals present in each sample unit. This observation bias may consist of several components, including spatial coverage bias (not all individuals in the Population are exposed to sampling) and detection bias (exposed individuals may go undetected). Thus, observations are biased for the state variable (abundance, occupancy) that is the object of inference. Moreover, data are often sparse for most observation locations, requiring consideration of methods for spatially aggregating or otherwise combining sparse data among sample units. The development of methods that unify spatial statistical models with models accommodating non-detection is necessary to resolve important spatial inference problems based on animal survey data. In this paper, we develop a novel hierarchical spatial model for estimation of abundance and occurrence from survey data wherein detection is imperfect. Our application is focused on spatial inference problems in the Swiss Survey of Common Breeding Birds. The observation model for the survey data is specified conditional on the unknown quadrat population size, N(s). We augment the observation model with a spatial process model for N(s), describing the spatial variation in abundance of the species. The model includes explicit sources of variation in habitat structure (forest, elevation) and latent variation in the form of a correlated spatial process. This provides a model-based framework for combining the spatially referenced samples while at the same time yielding a unified treatment of estimation problems involving both abundance and occurrence. We provide a Bayesian framework for analysis and prediction based on the integrated likelihood, and we use the model to obtain estimates of abundance and occurrence maps for the European Jay (Garrulus glandarius), a widespread, elusive, forest bird. The naive national abundance estimate ignoring imperfect detection and incomplete quadrat coverage was 77 766 territories. Accounting for imperfect detection added approximately 18 000 territories, and adjusting for coverage bias added another 131 000 territories to yield a fully corrected estimate of the national total of about 227 000 territories. This is approximately three times as high as previous estimates that assume every territory is detected in each quadrat.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/06-0912.1","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., Kery, M., Gautier, R., and Schmid, H., 2007, Hierarchical spatial models of abundance and occurrence from imperfect survey data: Ecological Monographs, v. 77, no. 3, p. 465-481, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0912.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"481","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gautier, R.","contributorId":91950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmid, Hans","contributorId":19648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"Hans","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224848,"text":"5224848 - 2007 - Poplar Island Environmental Restoration Project: Challenges in waterbird restoration on an island in Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T17:52:17.674934","indexId":"5224848","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1462,"text":"Ecological Restoration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Poplar Island Environmental Restoration Project: Challenges in waterbird restoration on an island in Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"At 460 hectares, the Paul Sarbanes Environmental Restoration Project at Poplar Island, Talbot County, Maryland, represents the largest 'beneficial use' dredged material project of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (a cooperative project with Maryland Port Administration). Begun in 1998, the 15-year restoration project will ultimately consist of roughly 220 ha of uplands and 220 ha of tidal wetland habitats, with limited areas of dike roads, perimeter riprap, and unvegetated mudflats. Wetland restoration began in one small section (or 'cell') in 2002, but not all cells will be filled with dredged material until at least 2013. As a major objective of the restoration, six species of waterbirds were identified as 'priority species' for Chesapeake Bay: American black duck (Anas rubripes), snowy egret (Egretta thula), cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), common tern (Sterna hirundo), and least tern (S. antillarum). Monitoring of nesting activities of these species from 2002 to 2005 indicated that all species except black ducks colonized the site rapidly. More than 800 pairs of common terns nested in 2003 to 2004. Because of predation by red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), reproductive success was very low for the terns. Trapping was effective in removing the foxes, and other controls have been applied to opportunistic nesting species including herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis). An effective public education program on the island has helped address concerns about animal control.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","doi":"10.3368/er.25.4.256","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Miller, J., and Reese, J., 2007, Poplar Island Environmental Restoration Project: Challenges in waterbird restoration on an island in Chesapeake Bay: Ecological Restoration, v. 25, no. 4, p. 256-262, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.25.4.256.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Talbot County","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 37.12966595484084\n ],\n [\n -76.0089111328125,\n 37.12966595484084\n ],\n [\n -75.8660888671875,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -76.1077880859375,\n 37.91820111976663\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 37.75768707689704\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 37.12966595484084\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684396","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.","contributorId":16939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reese, J.G.","contributorId":36261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224811,"text":"5224811 - 2007 - Survival of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) estimated by capture-recapture models in relation to age, sex, color morph, time, and birthplace","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T10:24:48","indexId":"5224811","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) estimated by capture-recapture models in relation to age, sex, color morph, time, and birthplace","docAbstract":"Juvenile survival is one of the least known elements of the life history of many species, in particular snakes. We conducted a mark–recapture study of Crotalus horridus from 1978–2002 in northeastern New York near the northern limits of the species' range. We marked 588 neonates and estimated annual age-, sex-, and morph-specific recapture and survival rates using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model. Wild-caught neonates (field-born, n = 407) and neonates produced by captive-held gravid females (lab-born, n = 181) allowed comparison of the birthplace, or lab treatment effect, in estimated survival. Recapture rates declined from about 10–20% over time while increasing from young to older age classes. Estimated survival rates (S ± 1 SE) in the first year were significantly higher among field-born (black morph: S = 0.773 ± 0.203; yellow morph: S = 0.531 ± 0.104) than among lab-born snakes (black morph: S = 0.411 ± 0.131; yellow morph: S = 0.301 ± 0.081). Lower birth weights combined with a lack of field exposure until release apparently contributed to the lower survival rate of lab-born snakes. Subsequent survival estimates for 2–4-yr-old snakes were S = 0.845 ± 0.084 for the black morph and S = 0.999 (SE not available) for the yellow morph, and for ≥5-yr-old snakes S = 0.958 ± 0.039 (black morph) and S = 0.822 ± 0.034 (yellow morph). The most parsimonious model overall contained an independent time trend for survival of each age, morph, and lab-treatment group. For snakes of the first two age groups (ages 1 yr and 2–4 yr), survival tended to decline over the years for both morphs, while for adult snakes (5 yr and older), survival was constant or even slightly increased. Our data on survival and recapture are among the first rigorous estimates of these parameters in a rattlesnake and among the few yet available for any viperid snake. These data are useful for analyses of the life-history strategy, population dynamics, and conservation of this long-lived snake.
","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2007)2007[656:SOTRCH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Brown, W.S., Kery, M., and Hines, J., 2007, Survival of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) estimated by capture-recapture models in relation to age, sex, color morph, time, and birthplace: Copeia, v. 3, p. 656-671, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2007)2007[656:SOTRCH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"656","endPage":"671","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68812a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, W. S.","contributorId":14466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224831,"text":"5224831 - 2007 - Application of information theory methods to food web reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-25T11:53:29.215064","indexId":"5224831","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of information theory methods to food web reconstruction","docAbstract":"In this paper we use information theory techniques on time series of abundances to determine the topology of a food web. At the outset, the food web participants (two consumers, two resources) are known; in addition we know that each consumer prefers one of the resources over the other. However, we do not know which consumer prefers which resource, and if this preference is absolute (i.e., whether or not the consumer will consume the non-preferred resource). Although the consumers and resources are identified at the beginning of the experiment, we also provide evidence that the consumers are not resources for each other, and the resources do not consume each other. We do show that there is significant mutual information between resources; the model is seasonally forced and some shared information between resources is expected. Similarly, because the model is seasonally forced, we expect shared information between consumers as they respond to the forcing of the resources. The model that we consider does include noise, and in an effort to demonstrate that these methods may be of some use in other than model data, we show the efficacy of our methods with decreasing time series size; in this particular case we obtain reasonably clear results with a time series length of 400 points. This approaches ecological time series lengths from real systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.05.016","usgsCitation":"Moniz, L., Cooch, E., Ellner, S., Nichols, J., and Nichols, J., 2007, Application of information theory methods to food web reconstruction: Ecological Modelling, v. 208, no. 2-4, p. 145-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.05.016.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"158","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"208","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moniz, L.J.","contributorId":17718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moniz","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellner, S.P.","contributorId":16963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellner","given":"S.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, J.M.","contributorId":18080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5221636,"text":"5221636 - 2007 - A Bayesian state-space formulation of dynamic occupancy models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-25T11:54:44.678155","indexId":"5221636","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian state-space formulation of dynamic occupancy models","docAbstract":"Species occurrence and its dynamic components, extinction and colonization probabilities, are focal quantities in biogeography and metapopulation biology, and for species conservation assessments. It has been increasingly appreciated that these parameters must be estimated separately from detection probability to avoid the biases induced by nondetection error. Hence, there is now considerable theoretical and practical interest in dynamic occupancy models that contain explicit representations of metapopulation dynamics such as extinction, colonization, and turnover as well as growth rates. We describe a hierarchical parameterization of these models that is analogous to the state-space formulation of models in time series, where the model is represented by two components, one for the partially observable occupancy process and another for the observations conditional on that process. This parameterization naturally allows estimation of all parameters of the conventional approach to occupancy models, but in addition, yields great flexibility and extensibility, e.g., to modeling heterogeneity or latent structure in model parameters. We also highlight the important distinction between population and finite sample inference; the latter yields much more precise estimates for the particular sample at hand. Finite sample estimates can easily be obtained using the state-space representation of the model but are difficult to obtain under the conventional approach of likelihood-based estimation. We use R and Win BUGS to apply the model to two examples. In a standard analysis for the European Crossbill in a large Swiss monitoring program, we fit a model with year-specific parameters. Estimates of the dynamic parameters varied greatly among years, highlighting the irruptive population dynamics of that species. In the second example, we analyze route occupancy of Cerulean Warblers in the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) using a model allowing for site-specific heterogeneity in model parameters. The results indicate relatively low turnover and a stable distribution of Cerulean Warblers which is in contrast to analyses of counts of individuals from the same survey that indicate important declines. This discrepancy illustrates the inertia in occupancy relative to actual abundance. Furthermore, the model reveals a declining patch survival probability, and increasing turnover, toward the edge of the range of the species, which is consistent with metapopulation perspectives on the genesis of range edges. Given detection/non-detection data, dynamic occupancy models as described here have considerable potential for the study of distributions and range dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/06-0669.1","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., and Kery, M., 2007, A Bayesian state-space formulation of dynamic occupancy models: Ecology, v. 88, no. 7, p. 1813-1823, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0669.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1813","endPage":"1823","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b426f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kery, M.","contributorId":46637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224828,"text":"5224828 - 2007 - Climatic variation and the distribution of an amphibian polyploid complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:18:19.62401","indexId":"5224828","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic variation and the distribution of an amphibian polyploid complex","docAbstract":"1. The establishment of polyploid populations involves the persistence and growth of the polyploid in the presence of the progenitor species. Although there have been a number of animal polyploid species documented, relatively few inquiries have been made into the large-scale mechanisms of polyploid establishment in animal groups. Herein we investigate the influence of regional climatic conditions on the distributional patterns of a diploid-tetraploid species pair of gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis and H. versicolor (Anura: Hylidae) in the mid-Atlantic region of eastern North America. 2. Calling surveys at breeding sites were used to document the distribution of each species. Twelve climatic models and one elevation model were generated to predict climatic and elevation values for gray treefrog breeding sites. A canonical analysis of discriminants was used to describe relationships between climatic variables, elevation and the distribution of H. chrysoscelis and H. versicolor. 3. There was a strong correlation between several climatic variables, elevation and the distribution of the gray treefrog complex. Specifically, the tetraploid species almost exclusively occupied areas of higher elevation, where climatic conditions were relatively severe (colder, drier, greater annual variation). In contrast, the diploid species was restricted to lower elevations, where climatic conditions were warmer, wetter and exhibited less annual variation. 4. Clusters of syntopic sites were associated with areas of high variation in annual temperature and precipitation during the breeding season. 5. Our data suggest that large-scale climatic conditions have played a role in the establishment of the polyploid H. versicolor in at least some portions of its range. The occurrence of the polyploid and absence of the progenitor in colder, drier and more varied environments suggests the polyploid may posses a tolerance of severe environmental conditions that is not possessed by the diploid progenitor. 6. Our findings support the hypothesis that increased tolerance to severe environmental conditions is a plausible mechanism of polyploid establishment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01300.x","usgsCitation":"Otto, C., Snodgrass, J., Forester, D., Mitchell, J., and Miller, R., 2007, Climatic variation and the distribution of an amphibian polyploid complex: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 76, no. 6, p. 1053-1061, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01300.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1053","endPage":"1061","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.0576171875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 36.52729481454622\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 39.707186656826515\n ],\n [\n -79.0576171875,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -79.0576171875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otto, C.R.V. 0000-0002-7582-3525","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-3525","contributorId":24893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"C.R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snodgrass, J.W.","contributorId":39102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snodgrass","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forester, D.C.","contributorId":11313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, J.C.","contributorId":80222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, R.W.","contributorId":56173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224801,"text":"5224801 - 2007 - Quantifying the impact of longline fisheries on adult survival in the black-footed albatross","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:29:36.845743","indexId":"5224801","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:33","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the impact of longline fisheries on adult survival in the black-footed albatross","docAbstract":"1. Industrial longline fishing has been suspected to impact upon black-footed albatross populations Phoebastria nigripes by increasing mortality, but no precise estimates of bycatch mortality are available to ascertain this statement. We present a general framework for quantifying the relationship between albatross population and longline fishing in absence of reliable estimates of bycatch rate. 2. We analysed capture-recapture data of a population of black-footed albatross to obtain estimates of survival probability for this population using several alternative models to adequately take into account heterogeneity in the recapture process. Instead of trying to estimate the number of birds killed by using various extrapolations and unchecked assumptions, we investigate the potential relationship between annual adult survival and several measures of fishing effort. Although we considered a large number of covariates, we used principal component analysis to generate a few uncorrelated synthetic variables from the set and thus we maintained both power and robustness. 3. The average survival for 1997-2002 was 92%, a low value compared to estimates available for other albatross species. We found that one of the synthetic variables used to summarize industrial longline fishing significantly explained more than 40% of the variation in adult survival over 11 years, suggesting an impact by longline fishing on albatross' survival. 4. Our analysis provides some evidence of non-linear variation in survival with fishing effort. This could indicate that below a certain level of fishing effort, deaths due to incidental catch can be partially or totally compensated for by a decrease in natural mortality. Another possible explanation is the existence of a strong interspecific competition for accessing the baits, reducing the risk of being accidentally hooked. 5. Synthesis and applications. The suspicion of a significant impact of longline fishing on the black-footed albatross population was supported by the combination of a low estimate of adult survival for the study period, and a significant relationship between adult survival and a synthetic measure of fishing effort. This study highlights the sensitivity of the black-footed albatross to commercial longline fishing, and should exhort fishery management authorities to find adequate seabirds avoidance methods and to encourage their employment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01346.x","usgsCitation":"Veran, S., Gimenez, O., Flint, E., Kendall, W., Doherty, P., and Lebreton, J., 2007, Quantifying the impact of longline fisheries on adult survival in the black-footed albatross: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 44, no. 5, p. 942-952, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01346.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"942","endPage":"952","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477002,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01346.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veran, S.","contributorId":87259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veran","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gimenez, O.","contributorId":60748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gimenez","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, E.","contributorId":8969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doherty, P.F. Jr.","contributorId":74096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"P.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lebreton, J.D.","contributorId":104186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebreton","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224792,"text":"5224792 - 2007 - Winter behavior and ecology of the Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) in Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224792","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:32","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2967,"text":"Ornitologia Neotropical","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter behavior and ecology of the Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) in Peru","docAbstract":"The winter ecology and behavior of Alder Flycatchers (Empidonax alnorum) were studied along the Manu, a white-water meander river in Manu National Park, Madre de Dios, Peru during October and November, 1993 to 1997. The birds occupied territories in primary-succession habitats on growing point bars. They were most common in mixed stands of Tessaria integrifolia (Asteraceae) and Gynerium sagittatum (Gramineaceae) interspersed with bare sand areas. The uneven height of the Tessaria canopy, which resulted in openings in the vegetation large enough for the birds to flycatch, was an important habitat feature. Birds obtained insects, which formed about 96% of the diet, by aerial hawking (91%), perch gleaning (6%), and hover gleaning (3%). They also fed on fruit. Territory sizes ranged from 0.04 to 0.25 ha. Of nine territories that we observed closely, six were occupied by two birds each, two by one bird each, and one by three birds. Every territory had one dominant individual who was primarily responsible for territory defense; the other birds were associates. Vocalizations given included the fee-bee-o song, a two-syllable song, and the pit note, which are also given on the breeding grounds. A series of pits given increasingly rapidly signaled a territorial interaction. In aggressive encounters, the birds (1) interacted vocally, remaining on their territories and counter calling or exchanging agitated calls; (2) moved toward a common territorial boundary and engaged in a vocal duel; or (3) the dominant chased intruders out of the territory. Chases were most common when a wave of new birds entered the area. Dominant birds, which sang the full song, were probably adult males. Immature males do not sing a full song, and females are not known to sing in nature. Associate individuals were likely females or young males.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ornitologia Neotropical","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6772_Foster.pdf","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., 2007, Winter behavior and ecology of the Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) in Peru: Ornitologia Neotropical, v. 18, p. 171-186.","productDescription":"171-186","startPage":"171","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49abe4b07f02db5c5965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224719,"text":"5224719 - 2007 - Living in the branches: Population dynamics and ecological processes in dendritic networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-25T11:59:45.105909","indexId":"5224719","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:32","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Living in the branches: Population dynamics and ecological processes in dendritic networks","docAbstract":"Spatial structure regulates and modifies processes at several levels of ecological organization (e.g. individual/genetic, population and community) and is thus a key component of complex systems, where knowledge at a small scale can be insufficient for understanding system behaviour at a larger scale. Recent syntheses outline potential applications of network theory to ecological systems, but do not address the implications of physical structure for network dynamics. There is a specific need to examine how dendritic habitat structure, such as that found in stream, hedgerow and cave networks, influences ecological processes. Although dendritic networks are one type of ecological network, they are distinguished by two fundamental characteristics: (1) both the branches and the nodes serve as habitat, and (2) the specific spatial arrangement and hierarchical organization of these elements interacts with a species' movement behaviour to alter patterns of population distribution and abundance, and community interactions. Here, we summarize existing theory relating to ecological dynamics in dendritic networks, review empirical studies examining the population- and community-level consequences of these networks, and suggest future research integrating spatial pattern and processes in dendritic systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.01007.x","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., Lowe, W., and Fagan, W., 2007, Living in the branches: Population dynamics and ecological processes in dendritic networks: Ecology Letters, v. 10, no. 2, p. 165-175, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.01007.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adfc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, E.H.C. 0000-0003-4401-6496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":87242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"E.H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, W.H.","contributorId":91961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagan, W.F.","contributorId":105829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224732,"text":"5224732 - 2007 - Biomechanical factors contributing to self-organization in seagrass landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-03T12:12:53.51855","indexId":"5224732","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:32","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomechanical factors contributing to self-organization in seagrass landscapes","docAbstract":"Field observations have revealed that when water flow is consistently from one direction, seagrass shoots align in rows perpendicular to the primary axis of flow direction. In this study, live Zostera marina shoots were arranged either randomly or in rows perpendicular to the flow direction and tested in a seawater flume under unidirectional flow and waves to determine if shoot arrangement: a) influenced flow-induced force on individual shoots, b) differentially altered water flow through the canopy, and c) influenced light interception by the canopy. In addition, blade breaking strength was compared with flow-induced force to determine if changes in shoot arrangement might reduce the potential for damage to shoots. Under unidirectional flow, both current velocity in the canopy and force on shoots were significantly decreased when shoots were arranged in rows as compared to randomly. However, force on shoots was nearly constant with downstream distance, arising from the trade-off of shoot bending and in-canopy flow reduction. The coefficient of drag was higher for randomly-arranged shoots at low velocities (< 30 cm s- 1) but converged rapidly among the two shoot arrangements at higher velocities. Shoots arranged in rows tended to intercept slightly more light than those arranged randomly. Effects of shoot arrangement under waves were less clear, potentially because we did not achieve the proper plant size?row spacing ratio. At this point, we may only suggest that water motion, as opposed to light capture, is the dominant physical mechanism responsible for these shoot arrangements. Following a computation of the Environmental Stress Factor, we concluded that even photosynthetically active blades may be damaged or broken under frequently encountered storm conditions, irrespective of shoot arrangement. We hypothesize that when flow is generally from one direction, seagrass bed patterns over multiple scales of consideration may arise as a cumulative effect of individual shoot self-organization driven by reduced force and drag on the shoots and somewhat improved light capture.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2006.09.015","usgsCitation":"Fonseca, M., Koehl, M., and Kopp, B., 2007, Biomechanical factors contributing to self-organization in seagrass landscapes: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 340, no. 2, p. 227-246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.09.015.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"246","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"340","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ade4b07f02db5c6fd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fonseca, M.S.","contributorId":58744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fonseca","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koehl, M.A.R.","contributorId":17347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehl","given":"M.A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kopp, B.S.","contributorId":50258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopp","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224890,"text":"5224890 - 2007 - Using a novel micro-sampling technique to monitor the effects of methylmercury on the eggs of wild birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224890","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3139,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a novel micro-sampling technique to monitor the effects of methylmercury on the eggs of wild birds","docAbstract":"Methylmercury is the predominant chemical form of mercury reported in the eggs of wild birds. The embryo is the life stage at which birds are most sensitive to methylmercury. Protective guidelines have been based largely on captive-breeding studies done with chickens (Gallus domesticus), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Typically these studies are cost and time prohibitive. In the past, researchers have used either egg injections or the ?sample egg? technique to determine contaminant effects on bird eggs. Both techniques have their limitations. As an alternative to the above methods and because most of the methylmercury is found in the albumen we have developed a novel, less invasive technique, to micro-sample the albumen of eggs in the field. An albumen sample would be analyzed and then compared to the hatching success of that egg. Using the micro-sampling procedure, the egg is oriented with the blunt end up and the pointed end down. A vent hole is drilled at the top to relieve pressure. Approximately one third up from the bottom, a withdrawal site is drilled just until the inner shell membrane is exposed. A syringe with a 21 or 18 gauge needle is gently inserted just into the egg and approximately 200?300?l of albumen is removed. Almost concurrently this site and then the vent are sealed. Thus far we have experimented with both chicken and mallard eggs in the laboratory. We sampled chicken eggs at days 0 and 3 of incubation with a hatching success of 76% and 70%, respectively. Neither group was significantly different from control eggs (P=0.52, 0.54). Field studies are in progress using this technique in which birds are allowed to incubate their own eggs. We envision micro-sampling to be a tool that researchers and managers could use in the field to determine the effects of mercury or other contaminants in bird populations. Micro-sampling would reduce the impact on the sampled population and could be used to monitor sensitive species without impacting reproduction and recruitment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Klimstra, J., Stebbins, K., and Heinz, G.H., 2007, Using a novel micro-sampling technique to monitor the effects of methylmercury on the eggs of wild birds: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 61.","productDescription":"129 (abstract)","startPage":"129 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16822,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://24.73.102.130/resource/dynamic/private/PDF/Klimstra-129.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":202568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a15e4b07f02db6030e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimstra, J.D.","contributorId":62328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimstra","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stebbins, K.R.","contributorId":55558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stebbins","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224891,"text":"5224891 - 2007 - Effects of habitat change along Breeding Bird Survey routes in the central Appalachians on Cerulean Warbler population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224891","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:31","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3139,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of habitat change along Breeding Bird Survey routes in the central Appalachians on Cerulean Warbler population","docAbstract":"The cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerulea) is one of the highest priority bird species in the eastern United States because populations have declined 4.3% annually during 1966?2005 based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Habitat loss and fragmentation due to land use changes is thought to be one of the major factors contributing to the decline. BBS routes, the primary source for monitoring bird population trends, include 50 sampling stops every 0.8 km. Although data from BBS routes are extrapolated to determine regional trends in bird populations, it is important to understand the effects of habitat changes at the stop-level along BBS routes. Route-level analysis of habitat changes may mask important changes that are occurring at a smaller scale particularly for the cerulean warbler which displays several micro-scale habitat preferences. We are examining cerulean warbler habitat and population changes in its core breeding range of the Ohio Hills and Cumberland Plateau physiographic regions. We quantified land cover changes within 300 m of BBS routes in the core cerulean warbler breeding range of Ohio, West Virginia, and Kentucky by digitizing aerial photographs from two time periods: the 1980s and 2004. We also quantified land cover changes within 300 m of BBS routes with the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) from 1992 and 2001. The hand-digitized aerial photos will be compared with the NLCD to determine how similar the two methods are in quantifying land cover changes. We then compared stop-level land cover changes with stop level changes in cerulean warbler detections within the same time periods along the BBS routes. This will allow for a more detailed analysis of how well habitat changes along BBS routes reflect the changes in cerulean warbler populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"McElhone, P., Wood, P., and Dawson, D., 2007, Effects of habitat change along Breeding Bird Survey routes in the central Appalachians on Cerulean Warbler population: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 61.","productDescription":"131 (abstract)","startPage":"131 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16823,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://24.73.102.130/resource/dynamic/private/PDF/McElhone-131.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":202247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613ad9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McElhone, P.","contributorId":52302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElhone","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, P.W.","contributorId":81608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, D.","contributorId":72901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}