The Geomagnetism Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitors geomagnetic field variation through operation of a network of observatories across the United States and its territories, and it pursues scientific research needed to estimate and assess geomagnetic and geoelectric hazards. Over the next five years (2020–2024 inclusive) and in support of national and agency priorities, Geomagnetism Program research scientists plan to pursue an integrated set of research projects broadly encompassing empirical estimation and mapping of geomagnetic disturbance, modeling of solid-Earth conductivity structure and surface impedance, and mapping of magnetic-storm-induced geoelectric fields. Analyses are empirically based, relying on measured time series as well as statistical and numerical modeling of geomagnetic-monitoring data from ground-based observatories and surface-impedance tensors acquired during magnetotelluric surveys. The plan describes augmentation and development of the Geomagnetism Program's existing research portfolio, assuming present funding levels and staffing numbers. Because the projects are interdependent, they cannot be straightforwardly prioritized. They will all be pursued as resources and time permit; additional funding and staffing would enable the projects to be broadened and more rapidly completed. Where appropriate and subject to budgetary constraints and staffing numbers, research on specific projects might be accelerated or even judiciously expanded—some opportunities for expansion are discussed in this plan. Results will provide realistic illumination of the nature of the ground-level expression of space-weather disturbance, a subject of particular importance for projects focused on evaluating the vulnerability of electric-power-grid systems. This plan does not cover Geomagnetism Program operations, which are primarily concerned with the operation of magnetic observatories and, now, magnetotelluric surveys, although the context of such observatories and surveys is discussed. The research element of the program provides guidance for the expansion of program operations and research projects. In addition to the research projects summarized here, program scientists continue to provide leadership to the national and international geomagnetic, magnetotelluric, and space-weather communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1469","issn":"2330-5703","usgsCitation":"Love, J.J., Kelbert, A., Murphy, B.S., Rigler, E.J., and Lewis, K.A., 2020, Geomagnetism Program research plan, 2020–2024: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1469, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1469.","productDescription":"viii, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378321,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1469/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378322,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1469/circ1469.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1469"}],"contact":"Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225
The ability to effectively manage game species for specific conservation objectives is often limited by the scientific understanding of their distribution and abundance. This is especially true in Hawai‘i where introduced game mammals are poorly studied and have low value relative to native species in other states. We modeled the habitat suitability and ecological associations of European mouflon sheep (“mouflon”; Ovis musimon) and axis deer (Axis axis) on the island of Lāna‘i using intensive aerial survey and environmental data that included climate, vegetation, and topographic variables. We conducted diagnostic tests on a suite of primarily categorical predictors and determined most were highly correlated. We therefore developed a suite of other spatial predictor layers with continuous variables. We tested several modeling approaches but settled on generalized linear models (GLM) and random GLMs because they could account for group size of animals and were based on curvilinear responses of each species to environmental variability. Both mammal species were habitat generalists showing little affinity to particular plant species or communities. Continuous predictors associated with plant productivity such as mean annual precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and cloud cover were important explanatory factors in a GLM of axis deer and a random GLM of mouflon habitat suitability. The presence of axis deer was also an important explanatory predictor for mouflon distribution, but deer were not influenced by mouflon distribution, indicating asymmetrical competition. Consequently, mouflon were restricted to lower elevation arid and very dry slopes, whereas axis deer were more broadly distributed throughout other upland environments of the island, but avoided steep terrain. Findings indicate that removal of a substantial portion of the more abundant axis deer population may lead to an increase in abundance and distribution of mouflon without containment. Resulting spatial models of game mammal habitat suitability will be employed to inform land use prioritization analyses and to help resolve long-standing conflicts between native species conservation and sustained-yield hunting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i","usgsCitation":"Hess, S.C., Fortini, L., Leopold, C., Muise, J., and Sprague, J., 2020, Habitat suitability and ecological associations of two non-native ungulate species on the Hawaiian island of Lanai: Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report Series 91, iv, 30 p.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113538","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378602,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10790/5383"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Lāna‘i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.79962158203125,\n 20.824159066298787\n ],\n [\n -156.8909454345703,\n 20.917189979347988\n ],\n [\n -156.9891357421875,\n 20.931941310423674\n ],\n [\n -157.060546875,\n 20.913982976117605\n ],\n [\n -157.06329345703125,\n 20.88383379386135\n ],\n [\n -157.0323944091797,\n 20.85624519604873\n ],\n [\n -157.0001220703125,\n 20.834427371957577\n ],\n [\n -156.9891357421875,\n 20.812606385754087\n ],\n [\n -156.99462890624997,\n 20.78564668820214\n ],\n [\n -156.9843292236328,\n 20.756113874762082\n ],\n [\n -156.9609832763672,\n 20.72400644605942\n ],\n [\n -156.88201904296875,\n 20.73877670943921\n ],\n [\n -156.8305206298828,\n 20.75868217465891\n ],\n [\n -156.80374145507812,\n 20.804904106750566\n ],\n [\n -156.79962158203125,\n 20.821591880501483\n ],\n [\n -156.79962158203125,\n 20.824159066298787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Steve C. 0000-0001-6403-9922 shess@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-9922","contributorId":150366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Steve","email":"shess@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fortini, Lucas Berio 0000-0002-5781-7295","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-7295","contributorId":236984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortini","given":"Lucas Berio","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leopold, Christina 0000-0003-0499-3196","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-3196","contributorId":178961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leopold","given":"Christina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muise, Jacob","contributorId":240997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muise","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48185,"text":"KIA Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sprague, Jonathan","contributorId":240998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sprague","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48186,"text":"Pulama Lana‘i","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70214963,"text":"70214963 - 2020 - Testing a new passive acoustic recording unit to monitor wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-05T11:53:58.708804","indexId":"70214963","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-11T09:48:45","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing a new passive acoustic recording unit to monitor wolves","docAbstract":"As part of a broader trial of noninvasive methods to research wild wolves (Canis lupus) in Minnesota, USA, we explored whether wolves could be remotely monitored using a new, inexpensive, remotely deployable, noninvasive, passive acoustic recording device, the AudioMoth. We tested the efficacy of AudioMoths in detecting wolf howls and factors influencing detection by placing them at set distances from a captive wolf pack and compared those recordings with real‐time, on‐site howling data between 22 May and 17 June 2019. We identified 1,531 vocalizations grouped into 428 vocal events (236 solo howl series and 192 chorus howls). The on‐site AudioMoth correctly recorded 100% of chorus and solo howls that were also documented in real‐time. The remote array detected 49.5% of chorus and 11.9% of solo howls (≥1 unit detected the event). The closest remote AudioMoth (0.54 km, 0.33 mi) detected 37% of choruses and 8.9% of solo howls. Chorus howls (9.4%) were detected at the farthest unit (3.2 km, 2.0 mi). Favorable wind (carrying source howls to the remote units) and calm (no wind) conditions increased detectability and detection distance of chorus howls. Temperature was inversely related to detection. Given the detection distances we observed, AudioMoths are probably useful in studying specific sites during periods when wolves move less frequently (e.g., during late spring and summer at homesites or potentially during winter at kill sites of very large prey). AudioMoths would also be useful in a passive sampling array (e.g., occupancy studies), especially when used in concert with other methods such as camera‐trapping. Additional research should be conducted in areas with different environmental variables (e.g., wind, temperature, habitat, topography) to determine performance under varying conditions and also when fitted with a parabolic dish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1117","usgsCitation":"Barber-Meyer, S., Palacios, V., Marti‐Domken, B., and Schmidt, L., 2020, Testing a new passive acoustic recording unit to monitor wolves: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 44, no. 3, p. 590-598, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1117.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"598","ipdsId":"IP-115563","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 46.74362499884437\n ],\n [\n -91.42822265625,\n 47.12995075666307\n ],\n [\n -90.76904296874999,\n 47.60616304386874\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 47.85740289465826\n ],\n [\n -89.593505859375,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -89.8077392578125,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 48.111099041065366\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -90.4779052734375,\n 48.14043243818811\n ],\n [\n -90.71411132812499,\n 48.103763074117765\n ],\n [\n -90.867919921875,\n 48.25028349849022\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 48.17341248658084\n ],\n [\n -91.4227294921875,\n 48.04503763958813\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 48.381793961204984\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 48.272225451004324\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 48.25028349849022\n ],\n [\n -92.5048828125,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -92.68615722656249,\n 48.44377831058802\n ],\n [\n -92.6092529296875,\n 48.53843177405044\n ],\n [\n -92.955322265625,\n 48.61475368407372\n ],\n [\n -93.4002685546875,\n 48.636538782610465\n ],\n [\n -93.71337890625,\n 48.48748647988415\n ],\n [\n -93.36181640625,\n 48.38544219115483\n ],\n [\n -93.18603515624999,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -92.79052734375,\n 47.66538735632654\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 46.74362499884437\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber-Meyer, Shannon 0000-0002-3048-2616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-2616","contributorId":217941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber-Meyer","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palacios, Vicente","contributorId":73043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palacios","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marti‐Domken, Barbara","contributorId":242598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marti‐Domken","given":"Barbara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Lori","contributorId":192924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Lori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228358,"text":"70228358 - 2020 - Movement dynamics of nonnative Burbot in the upper Green River system and implications for management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T19:15:46.799614","indexId":"70228358","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T13:03:35","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement dynamics of nonnative Burbot in the upper Green River system and implications for management","docAbstract":"Burbot Lota lota were illegally introduced to the Green River, Wyoming, in the mid-1990s and pose a threat to recreational fisheries and native fish conservation. Although much is known about Burbot population dynamics, little is known about their movement patterns. Our objectives were to describe the movement dynamics of Burbot in the upper Green River system to provide information on the ecology of Burbot and insight on possible management actions. In total, 875 Burbot were tagged with PIT tags in the upper Green River and Fontenelle Reservoir; their movements were tracked from August 2016 to March 2018. Additionally, 22 Burbot were tagged with radio transmitters in Fontenelle Reservoir in November 2017, and 13 Burbot were tagged with radio transmitters in the upper Green River in November 2018. Of these fish, 11 Burbot tagged in Fontenelle Reservoir and all river-tagged Burbot were tracked as they migrated into the Green River and associated tributaries during the spawning season. Upstream and downstream movements of Burbot tagged with PIT tags in Fontenelle Reservoir and the upper Green River peaked during December–January and were synchronized with river temperatures reaching 0°C. Of the total number of PIT-tagged Burbot, 10–15% of those tagged in Fontenelle Reservoir were detected in the Green River during the spawning season and 15% of those tagged in the Green River were detected moving downstream toward Fontenelle Reservoir during the spawning period. Movements of radiotelemetered Burbot were synchronized with river ice-up in mid-December. Maximum upstream distance traveled by adfluvial Burbot was 5.8 km. Fluvial Burbot primarily migrated downstream during the spawning period, and maximum downstream distance traveled was 17.7 km. Detection data suggest that both fluvial and adfluvial Burbot occupy the same reaches during the spawning period and areas near Fontenelle Reservoir are important for spawning. Results of this study will assist with the management of Burbot in this system by shedding light on Burbot movement patterns and identifying areas of high Burbot use for targeted suppression efforts. Results also contribute to our understanding of the variability in Burbot ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10480","usgsCitation":"Brauer, T., Quist, M.C., Rhea, D., Laughlin, T.W., and Waring, E., 2020, Movement dynamics of nonnative Burbot in the upper Green River system and implications for management: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 40, no. 5, p. 1161-1173, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10480.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1161","endPage":"1173","ipdsId":"IP-098853","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Fontenelle Reservoir, Green River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.40985107421875,\n 41.99113954535575\n ],\n [\n -109.64492797851562,\n 41.99113954535575\n ],\n [\n -109.64492797851562,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -110.40985107421875,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -110.40985107421875,\n 41.99113954535575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brauer, Tucker A.","contributorId":275289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brauer","given":"Tucker A.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":207142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhea, Darren T.","contributorId":275290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhea","given":"Darren T.","affiliations":[{"id":56757,"text":"wgfd","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laughlin, Troy W.","contributorId":275237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laughlin","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":54471,"text":"wyfg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waring, Erik","contributorId":275451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waring","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227151,"text":"70227151 - 2020 - Ontogenetic diet shifts with potential ramifications for resource competition in a kokanee – Mysis diluviana system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T15:35:47.122141","indexId":"70227151","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T09:31:19","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"displayTitle":"Ontogenetic diet shifts with potential ramifications for resource competition in a kokanee – Mysis diluviana system","title":"Ontogenetic diet shifts with potential ramifications for resource competition in a kokanee – Mysis diluviana system","docAbstract":"Ontogenetic shifts represent important transitions that can influence how fish interact with their environment. However, ontogenetic shifts are rarely placed into a population context due to the difficulty of incorporating the vagaries of size-mediated interactions. As such, we evaluated the role of ontogenetic shifts in diet as they relate to potential competitive interactions between kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka and Opossum Shrimp Mysis diluviana (hereafter Mysis) in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho. Contemporary data were used to understand diet patterns of Mysis and kokanee. Historical data were evaluated within the context of ontogenetic shifts to better understand the long-term, population-level ramifications of interactions between Mysis and kokanee. Diet analysis revealed age-specific divergences in diet whereby juvenile kokanee primarily consumed copepods and adult kokanee preferentially consumed cladocerans. When placed in a historical context, age-specific patterns in kokanee diet likely led to increases in adult growth following declines in Mysis abundance. Improved fitness of adult fish likely resulted in record high abundances of kokanee in Lake Pend Oreille thereby shifting the balance from inter- to intraspecific competition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-020-04363-2","usgsCitation":"Klein, Z.B., Quist, M., Dux, A.M., and Corsi, M.P., 2020, Ontogenetic diet shifts with potential ramifications for resource competition in a kokanee – Mysis diluviana system, v. 847, p. 3951-3966, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04363-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3951","endPage":"3966","ipdsId":"IP-107682","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pend Oreille","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.67205810546874,\n 47.916342040161155\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 47.916342040161155\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 48.35442390123028\n ],\n [\n -116.67205810546874,\n 48.35442390123028\n ],\n [\n -116.67205810546874,\n 47.916342040161155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"847","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Zachary B.","contributorId":171709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klein","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":270713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dux, Andrew M.","contributorId":175256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dux","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corsi, Matthew P.","contributorId":212797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corsi","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70215088,"text":"70215088 - 2020 - Littoral sediment from rivers: Patterns, rates and processes of river mouth morphodynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T13:05:30.552744","indexId":"70215088","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-09T07:46:31","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Littoral sediment from rivers: Patterns, rates and processes of river mouth morphodynamics","docAbstract":"Rivers provide important sediment inputs to many littoral cells, thereby replenishing sand and gravel of beaches around the world. However, there is limited information about the patterns and processes of littoral-grade sediment transfer from rivers into coastal systems. Here I address these information gaps by examining topographic and bathymetric data of river mouths and constructing sediment budgets to characterize time-dependent patterns of onshore, offshore, and alongshore transport. Two river deltas, which differ in their morphology, were used in this study: the Elwha River, Washington, which builds a mixed sediment Gilbert-style delta, and the Santa Clara River, California, which builds a cross-shore dispersed sand delta from hyperpycnal flows. During and after sediment discharge events, both systems exhibited a similar evolution composed of three phases: (i) submarine delta growth during offshore transport of river sediment, (ii) onshore-dominated transport from the submarine delta to a subaerial river mouth berm, and (iii) longshore-dominated transport away from the river mouth following subaerial berm development. Although stage (ii) occurred within days to weeks for the systems studied and was associated with the greatest rates of net erosion and deposition, onshore transport of sediment from submarine deposit to the beach persisted for years following the river discharge event. These morphodynamics were similar to simple equilibrium profile concepts that were modified with an onshore-dominated cross-shore transport rule. Additionally, both study sites revealed that littoral-grade sediment was initially exported to depths beyond the active littoral cell (i.e., below the depth of closure) during the stage (i). Following several years of reworking by coastal processes, bathymetric surveys suggested that 14 and 46% of the original volume of littoral-grade sediment discharged by the Santa Clara and Elwha Rivers, respectively, continued to be below the depth of closure. Combined, this suggests that integration of river sediment into a littoral cell can be a multi-year process and that the full volume of littoral-grade sediment discharged by small rivers may not be integrated into littoral cells because of sand and gravel “losses” to the continental shelf.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Village of East Hampton, New York, conducted a 1-year study from August 2017 to August 2018 to provide data necessary to improve understanding of the sources of nutrients and pathogens to Hook Pond watershed to allow for possible mitigation or reduction of loads. Chronic eutrophication and recent concern over harmful cyanobacteria in Hook Pond are the result of past and present land uses and a changing climate that have prompted the Village of East Hampton and local businesses to study and remediate factors contributing to the persistent loading of nutrients, organic contaminants, and pathogens. This assessment of Hook Pond, Hook Pond Dreen, and shallow groundwater provides the most comprehensive set of water-quality data to date. Interpretations presented in this study and the data on which they are based can be used to support management decisions, inform and contribute to modeling, and serve as a baseline for future assessments.
Results from continuous monitoring of water temperature, specific conductance, and elevation at Hook Pond site 10 (Maidstone Club golf cart bridge), as well as ancillary weather and tidal data from nearby stations, were used to help explain seasonal and storm-related concentration variation of nitrogen, phosphorus, wastewater-indicator compounds, and pathogens. Data collected were also compared to existing historical data. Physicochemical constituents measured on a routine basis throughout the pond and along the tributary showed the spatial variability in water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and chlorophyll a and phycocyanin fluorescence. A lakebed survey was compiled based on the year-round sampling throughout the pond for future comparisons. Water-quality data from shallow groundwater at points around Hook Pond and adjacent to Hook Pond Dreen were interpreted and quantified to estimate relative contributions and species of nutrients, wastewater-indicator compounds, and microbial source tracking (MST) markers to base flow. To supplement the continuous water-surface elevation data, a single set of discharge measurements was collected under normal (nonstorm) conditions to better understand the relative contributions and dilution of surface waters by contaminated groundwater.
The nutrient and physicochemical data from this study can be used in conjunction with current and future models and decision support tools to guide planned and ongoing restoration efforts, such as dredging to reduce sediment accumulation, opening a pathway to the ocean (which would change the salinity and flow dynamics of the pond and adjacent groundwater), and addressing growing concerns over cyanobacterial blooms, while serving as a baseline for measuring changes resulting from sea-level rise, climate change, and changes in nutrient loading. The microbial source tracking and indicator bacteria results can help direct efforts to reduce runoff and direct contributions of fecal contamination from dogs and waterfowl along Hook Pond Dreen. The results can also be used to assess the current state of wastewater infrastructure surrounding and contributing to Hook Pond Dreen, based on detection of human markers throughout the year and with both Bacteroides and coliphage methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Village of East Hampton","usgsCitation":"Fisher, S.C., McCarthy, B.A., Kephart, C.M., and Griffin, D.W., 2020, Assessment of water quality and fecal contamination sources at Hook Pond, East Hampton, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5071, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205071.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 58 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-103528","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378179,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5071/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378180,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5071/sir20205071.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5071"},{"id":378181,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"- U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hook Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.20489501953125,\n 40.94360177170972\n ],\n [\n -72.17124938964844,\n 40.94360177170972\n ],\n [\n -72.17124938964844,\n 40.95656702665609\n ],\n [\n -72.20489501953125,\n 40.95656702665609\n ],\n [\n -72.20489501953125,\n 40.94360177170972\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Groundwater provides nearly half of the Nation’s drinking water. As the Nation’s population grows, the importance of (and need for) high-quality drinking-water supplies increases. As part of a national-scale effort to assess groundwater quality in principal aquifers (PAs) that supply most of the groundwater used for public supply, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project staff sampled six principal aquifers in the western United States between 2013 and 2017: (1) the Basin and Range carbonate-rock aquifers, (2) Basin and Range basin-fill aquifers, (3) Rio Grande aquifer system, (4) High Plains aquifer, (5) Colorado Plateaus aquifers, and (6) Columbia Plateau basaltic-rock aquifers. These six PAs supply a large part of the Nation’s drinking water and cover a large geographic extent of the western conterminous United States. Groundwater samples were analyzed for a large suite of water-quality constituents including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticide compounds, radioactive constituents, age tracers, and, in selected PAs, perchlorate. Two types of assessments were made: (1) a status assessment that describes the quality of the groundwater resource at time of collection and (2) an understanding assessment that evaluates relations between groundwater quality and potential explanatory factors that represent characteristics of the aquifer system. The assessments characterize untreated groundwater quality, which might be different than the quality of drinking water delivered to consumers. The assessments are based on water-quality data collected from 352 wells and 6 springs using an equal-area grid sampling design. This sampling approach allows for the estimation of the proportion of high, moderate, or low concentrations relative to federal water-quality benchmarks of selected constituents in the area of each PA. Results were compared to established benchmarks for drinking-water quality to provide context for evaluating the quality of untreated groundwater: Federal regulatory benchmarks for protecting human health, non-regulatory human-health benchmarks, and non-regulatory benchmarks for nuisance chemicals. Not all constituents that were analyzed have benchmarks and thus were not considered for assessments. Concentrations are characterized as high if they are greater than their benchmark. Concentrations are considered moderate if they are greater than one-half their benchmark (for inorganic constituents), or greater than one-tenth their benchmark (for organic constituents). Concentrations are considered low if they are less than moderate or the constituent was not detected.
Status assessment results indicated that inorganic constituents more commonly occurred at high and moderate concentrations in the six PAs than organic constituents, and organic constituents predominately occurred at low concentrations. Inorganic constituents that exceeded health-based benchmarks (high concentrations) were present in all six PAs; aquifer-scale proportion were 30 percent in the Rio Grande aquifer system, 22 percent in the Basin and Range basin-fill aquifers, 20 percent in the Basin and Range carbonate-rock aquifers, 19 percent in the High Plains aquifer, 16 percent in the Colorado Plateaus aquifers, and 8 percent in the Columbia Plateau basaltic-rock aquifers. Arsenic, fluoride, manganese, and total dissolved solids were the constituents most commonly present at high concentrations. Organic constituents with human-health benchmarks (pesticide compounds and VOCs) did not occur at high concentrations and moderate concentrations were infrequent; aquifer-scale proportions ranged from 0 to 5 percent. Detections of organic compounds at low concentrations, however, occurred in all six PAs, with detection frequencies ranging from 10 to 26 percent for pesticide compounds and from 10 to 46 percent for VOCs. Specific organic constituents with detection frequencies greater than 10 percent were four herbicides (atrazine, didealkylatrazine, bromoform, and propazine), one insecticide (propoxur), and two VOCs (the trihalomethanes chloroform and bromodichloromethane). Where collected—in the Rio Grande aquifer system and High Plains aquifer—perchlorate did not occur at high concentrations; moderate aquifer-scale proportions were 3 and 11 percent, respectively.
The understanding assessment included statistical tests to evaluate relations between constituent concentrations and potential explanatory factors to identify natural and human factors that affect groundwater quality. Potential explanatory factors included depth to bottom of well perforation, groundwater age category, land use, aquifer lithology, hydrologic conditions, and geochemical conditions. Higher concentrations of trace elements, radioactive constituents, and constituents with non-health-based benchmarks generally were associated with unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifer lithologies, premodern groundwater age, greater aridity, and more alkaline pH. Organic constituents with detection frequencies greater than 10 percent generally were associated with urban land use, shallower well depths, and higher total dissolved solids concentrations. The results for the six western PAs provide important insights into the quality of groundwater that is used for drinking water in the western United States, as well as natural and human factors that affect groundwater quality in this region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205078","collaboration":"National Water Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Rosecrans, C.Z., and Musgrove, M., 2020, Water Quality of groundwater used for public supply in principal aquifers of the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5078, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205078.","productDescription":"Report: x, 142 p.; 5 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-097925","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5078/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378207,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5078/sir20205078.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5078"},{"id":378208,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HQ3X18","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater quality data from the National Water Quality Assessment Project, May 2012 through December 2013"},{"id":378209,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7W0942N","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Datasets from groundwater-quality data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January through December 2014 and select quality-control data from May 2012 through December 2014"},{"id":378210,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7XK8DHK","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Datasets from groundwater-quality and select quality-control data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January through December 2015 and previously unpublished data from 2013 to 2014"},{"id":378211,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W4RR74","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Datasets from groundwater-quality and select quality-control data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January through December 2016, and previously unpublished data from 2013 to 2015"},{"id":378212,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P916H748","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data for groundwater-quality and select quality-control data for the Colorado Plateaus Principal Aquifer"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.2548828125,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n -96.0205078125,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n -96.0205078125,\n 49.296471602658066\n ],\n [\n -126.2548828125,\n 49.296471602658066\n ],\n [\n -126.2548828125,\n 27.605670826465445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
An international project developed, quality-tested, and measured isotope–delta values of 10 new food matrix reference materials (RMs) for hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur stable isotope-ratio measurements to support food authenticity testing and food provenance verification. These new RMs, USGS82 to USGS91, will enable users to normalize measurements of samples to isotope–delta scales. The RMs include (i) two honeys from Canada and tropical Vietnam, (ii) two flours from C3 (rice) and C4 (millet) plants, (iii) four vegetable oils from C3 (olive, peanut) and C4 (corn) plants, and (iv) two collagen powders from marine fish and terrestrial mammal origins. An errors-in-variables regression model included the uncertainty associated with the measured and assigned values of the RMs, and it was applied centrally to normalize results and obtain consensus values and measurement uncertainties. Utilization of these new RMs should facilitate mutual compatibility of stable isotope data if accepted normalization procedures are applied and documented.
Effective water resource management requires practical, data‐driven determination of instream flow needs. Newly developed, high‐resolution flow models and aquatic species databases provide enormous opportunity, but the volume of data can prove challenging to manage without automated tools. The objective of this study was to develop a framework of analytical methods and best practices to reduce costs of entry into flow–ecology analysis by integrating widely available hydrologic and ecological datasets. Ecological limit functions (ELFs) describing the relation between maximum species richness and stream size characteristics (streamflow or drainage area) were developed. Species richness is expected to increase with streamflow through a watershed up to a point where it either plateaus or transitions to a decreasing trend in larger streams. Our results show that identifying the location of this \"breakpoint\" is critical for producing optimal ELF model fit. We found that richness breakpoints can be estimated using automated low‐supervision methods, with high‐supervision providing negligible improvement in detection accuracy. Model fit (and predictive capability) was found to be superior in smaller hydrologic units. The ELF model (\"elfgen\" R package available on GitHub: https://github.com/HARPgroup/elfgen) can be used to generate ELFs using built‐in datasets for the conterminous United States, or applied anywhere else streamflow and biodiversity data inputs are available.
Accurate and timely flood forecasts are critical for making emergency-response decisions regarding public safety, infrastructure operations, and resource allocation. One of the main challenges for coastal flood forecasting systems is a lack of reliable forecast data of large-scale oceanic and watershed processes and the combined effects of multiple hazards, such as compound flooding at river mouths. Offshore water level anomalies, known as remote Non-Tidal Residuals (NTRs), are caused by processes such as downwelling, offshore wind setup, and also driven by ocean-basin salinity and temperature changes, common along the west coast during El Niño events. Similarly, fluvial discharges can contribute to extreme water levels in the coastal area, while they are dominated by large-scale watershed hydraulics. However, with the recent emergence of reliable large-scale forecast systems, coastal models now import the essential input data to forecast extreme water levels in the nearshore. Accordingly, we have developed Hydro-CoSMoS, a new coastal forecast model based on the USGS Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) powered by the Delft3D San Francisco Bay and Delta community model. In this work, we studied the role of fluvial discharges and remote NTRs on extreme water levels during a February 2019 storm by using Hydro-CoSMoS in hindcast mode. We simulated the storm with and without real-time fluvial discharge data to study their effect on coastal water levels and flooding extent, and highlight the importance of watershed forecast systems such as NOAA’s National Water Model (NWM). We also studied the effect of remote NTRs on coastal water levels in San Francisco Bay during the 2019 February storm by utilizing the data from a global ocean model (HYCOM). Our results showed that accurate forecasts of remote NTRs and fluvial discharges can play a significant role in predicting extreme water levels in San Francisco Bay. This pilot application in San Francisco Bay can serve as a basis for integrated coastal flood modeling systems in complex coastal settings worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w12092481","usgsCitation":"Tehranirad, B., Herdman, L.M., Nederhoff, K., Erikson, L.H., Cifelli, R., Pratt, G., Leon, M., and Barnard, P.L., 2020, Effect of fluvial discharges and remote non-tidal residuals on compound flood forecasting in San Francisco Bay: Water, v. 12, no. 9, 2481, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092481.","productDescription":"2481, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120224","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092481","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.88353317906419,\n 38.09730105803703\n ],\n [\n -122.88353317906419,\n 37.39198937844094\n ],\n [\n -121.86759792175883,\n 37.39198937844094\n ],\n [\n -121.86759792175883,\n 38.09730105803703\n ],\n [\n -122.88353317906419,\n 38.09730105803703\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tehranirad, Babak 0000-0002-1634-9165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-9165","contributorId":299107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tehranirad","given":"Babak","affiliations":[{"id":64774,"text":"contracted to USGS PCMSC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herdman, Liv M. 0000-0002-5444-6441 lherdman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-6441","contributorId":149964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herdman","given":"Liv","email":"lherdman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nederhoff, Kees 0000-0003-0552-3428","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0552-3428","contributorId":334091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nederhoff","given":"Kees","affiliations":[{"id":39963,"text":"Deltares-USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":922344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":149963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cifelli, Rob","contributorId":211532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cifelli","given":"Rob","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38261,"text":"NOAA/ESRL/Physical Sciences Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pratt, Greg","contributorId":268885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratt","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55709,"text":"NOAA Global Systems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leon, Michael","contributorId":347739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leon","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":140982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70212975,"text":"cir1468 - 2020 - 2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70203709,"text":"cir1455 - 2019 - 2019 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Land remote sensing satellite compendium","indexId":"cir1455","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"2019 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Land Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium","title":"2019 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Land remote sensing satellite compendium"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70212975,"text":"cir1468 - 2020 - 2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium","indexId":"cir1468","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70212975,"text":"cir1468 - 2020 - 2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium","indexId":"cir1468","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium","title":"2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70237176,"text":"cir1500 - 2022 - 2022 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium","indexId":"cir1500","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"title":"2022 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium"},"id":2}],"supersededBy":{"id":70237176,"text":"cir1500 - 2022 - 2022 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium","indexId":"cir1500","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"title":"2022 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T12:06:03.209272","indexId":"cir1468","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-03T14:22:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1468","displayTitle":"2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium","title":"2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium","docAbstract":"The Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) is a collaboration between five Federal agencies that are major users and producers of satellite land remote sensing data. In recent years, the JACIE group has observed ever-increasing numbers of remote sensing satellites being launched. This rapidly growing wave of new systems creates a need for a single reference for land remote sensing satellites that provides basic system specifications and linkage to any JACIE assessment that may have been completed on existing systems. This volume has been assembled by the Requirements, Capabilities, and Analysis for Earth Observation Project under the U.S. Geological Survey National Land Imaging Program as a contribution to the JACIE community. This is the second edition of the JACIE compendium, which is planned to be updated and released annually.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1468","isbn":"978-1-4113-4375-7","collaboration":"In collaboration with Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation","usgsCitation":"Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Christopherson, J.B., and Casey, K.A., 2020, 2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote sensing satellite compendium (ver. 1.1, October 2020): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1468, 253 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1468. [Supersedes USGS Circular 1455.]","productDescription":"xiii, 253 p.","numberOfPages":"272","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118140","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1468/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":379043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1468/cir1468.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1468"},{"id":379044,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1468/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1.69 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Circular 1468 Version History"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: September 2020; Version 1.1: October 2020","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS)
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Groundwater has been a major source of agricultural, recreational, municipal, and domestic supply in the Coachella Valley of California since the early 1920s. Pumping of groundwater resulted in groundwater-level declines as large as 50 feet (ft) or 15 meters (m) by the late 1940s. Because of concerns that the declines could cause land subsidence, the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have cooperatively investigated subsidence in the Coachella Valley since 1996.
Importation of Colorado River water to the southern Coachella Valley began in 1949, resulting in a reduction in groundwater pumping and a recovery of groundwater levels during the 1950s through the 1970s. Since the late 1970s, the demand for water in the valley increased to the point that groundwater levels again declined in response to increased pumping and, consequently, increased the potential for land subsidence caused by aquifer-system compaction. Several management actions to increase recharge or to reduce reliance on groundwater have been implemented since as early as 1973 to address overdraft in the Coachella Valley. The implementation of three particular projects has markedly improved groundwater conditions in some of the historically most overdrafted areas of the valley: (1) groundwater substitution with surface-water imports since 2006 using Colorado River water through the Mid-Valley Pipeline project, which was expanded through 2017; (2) budget-based, tiered rates since 2009; and (3) managed aquifer recharge at the Thomas E. Levy Groundwater Replenishment Facility since 2009.
Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) methods were used to determine the location, extent, and magnitude of the vertical land-surface changes in the Coachella Valley during 2010–17, updating 1993–2010 information presented in previous USGS reports. The GPS measurements taken at 24 geodetic monuments in August 2010 and September 2015 indicated that the land-surface elevation was stable at 17 monuments but changed at seven monuments during the 5-year period. Subsidence ranged from 0.17 to 0.43 ±0.09 ft (52 to 132 ±28 millimeters, or mm) at three monuments, and uplift ranged from 0.11 to 0.18 ±0.09 ft (33 to 54 ±28 mm) at four monuments between 2010 and 2015. At two of the monuments that subsided, the subsidence rates decreased between 2010 and 2015 from those computed between 2005 and 2010. Data prior to 2010 were not available for the third monument that subsided; thus, the 2010–15 subsidence rate could not be compared to an earlier period. At three of the monuments that uplifted between 2010 and 2015, data collected in 2005 and 2010 indicated stability. Data prior to 2010 were not available for the fourth monument that uplifted; thus, the 2010–15 uplift rate could not be compared to an earlier period.
InSAR analyses for December 28, 2014–June 27, 2017, indicated that the land surface uplifted as much as about 0.20 ft (60 mm) near the Whitewater River Groundwater Replenishment Facility in the northern Coachella Valley and subsided as much as about 0.26 ft (80 mm) in the La Quinta area and less in Palm Desert, Indian Wells, and other localized areas in the southern Coachella Valley. These areas were identified as subsidence areas in previous reports covering periods during 1993–2010. The comparison of 2014–17 subsidence rates with those derived for 1995–2010 generally indicated a substantial slowing of subsidence, however. Analyses of deformation in the northern Coachella Valley were not included in the previous reports, so a comparison to deformation during the earlier period could not be made.
Water levels in wells near the subsiding geodetic monuments, in and near the three subsiding areas shown by InSAR, and throughout the valley generally indicated seasonal fluctuations and longer-term stability or rising groundwater levels since about 2010. These results mark a reversal in trends of groundwater-level declines during the preceding decades. This trend reversal provides new insights into aquifer-system mechanics. Although many areas have stopped subsiding, and a few have even uplifted, the few areas that did subside during 2010–17—albeit at a slower rate—indicate a mixed aquifer-system response. Subsidence when groundwater levels are stable or recovering indicates that residual compaction may have occurred. At the same time, coarse-grained materials and thin aquitards may have expanded as groundwater levels recovered. The continued valley-wide stabilization and recovery of groundwater levels since 2010 likely is a result of various projects designed to increase recharge or to reduce reliance on groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205093","collaboration":"Water Availability and Use Science ProgramDirector, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Flooding, excessive sedimentation, and high bacteria counts are among the most challenging water resource issues affecting the Upper Roanoke River watershed. These issues threaten public safety, impair the watershed’s living resources, and threaten drinking water supplies, though mitigation is costly and difficult to manage.
Urban development, land disturbance, and changing climatic patterns continue to challenge watershed managers who are tasked with protecting and improving the water quality of the Upper Roanoke River watershed. The U.S. Geological Survey helps watershed managers meet these demands by providing high-quality data and analyses designed to inform watershed restoration activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203040","usgsCitation":"Webber, J., and Jastram, J., 2020, Science to support water-resource management in the upper Roanoke River watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020-3040, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203040.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-117852","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3040/coverthb.gif"},{"id":378118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3040/fs20203040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020-3040"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Upper Roanoke River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.88409423828125,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 36.96525497589677\n ],\n [\n -79.61517333984375,\n 37.42906945530332\n ],\n [\n -80.39245605468749,\n 37.461778479617486\n ],\n [\n -80.88409423828125,\n 36.97622678464096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1730 East Parham Road
Richmond, VA 23228
This report describes and defines GeMS (for Geologic Map Schema), a new standardized database schema—that is, a database design—for the digital publication of geologic maps. It originally was intended for geologic mapping funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, but its use can be extended to other programs and agencies as well. It is intended to bridge the gap between traditional geologic mapping and GIS communities at an operational level.
GeMS provides for the encoding in digital form of the content contained in individual geologic maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey and by state geological surveys. The design is focused on the publication, transfer, and archiving of map data and less on the creation of map data, the visual representation of map data, or the compilation of data from many different map sources.
Although GeMS is designed for a single-map database, it also is intended to provide a stepping stone toward the development of multiple-map databases, in particular the National Geologic Map Database. The database design contained herein will significantly promote that goal. All questions or comments about GeMS should be directed via email to gems@usgs.gov.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11B10","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2020, GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)—A standard format for the digital publication of geologic maps: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. B10, 74 p., https://doi.org//10.3133/tm11B10.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090965","costCenters":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11b10/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":378123,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11b10/tm11b10.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 11B10"}],"contact":"Please email gems@usgs.gov or
The National Geologic Map Database
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 908
Reston, VA 20192
Range expansion of American black bear (Ursus americanus; bear) and residential development has resulted in a growing presence of bear in suburbia. Suburban landscapes exhibiting patchworks of variable-sized parcels and habitats and owned by landowners with diverse values, can create large areas of suitable habitats with limited public access. These landscapes thereby may limit the effectiveness of hunting as a traditional bear population management tool. Managers require better information regarding suburban landowner attitudes regarding hunting before implementing changes intended to increase bear harvest to management populations. To address this need, in 2013, we surveyed landowners to identify properties that allowed bear hunting in three suburban areas of Pennsylvania where bear sightings have increased. We then used location data obtained for 29 bears equipped with global positioning system (GPS) transmitters from 2010 to 2012 to model their resource selection in the study area. We assessed the influence of hunting access, housing density, land cover, and topographic variables on radio-marked black bear monitored 10 days before, during, and after the bear hunting season. We found that resource selection of radio-marked bear was similar for all three periods and bears selected for forested land in all three seasons and herbaceous cover in the pre- and hunting periods. Resource selection by bears was not influenced by whether land was open or closed to hunting in the pre-hunting and hunting periods, but in the post-hunting period lands not open to hunting had support as the second-best model. All radio-marked bears in our study were vulnerable to harvest. However, they did not change resource selection during the hunting season nor did they avoid areas open to hunting. Integrating human dimension data with bear habitat use studies, especially in suburban landscapes, has the potential to address bear space use and population management needs often overlooked in traditional research designs.
","language":"English","doi":"10.26077/2af3-235d","usgsCitation":"Ahrestani, F.S., Ternent, M.A., Lovallo, M.J., and Walter, W., 2020, Resource use by American black bear in suburbia: A landholder step selection approach: Human-Wildlife Interactions, v. 14, no. 2, p. 216-227, https://doi.org/10.26077/2af3-235d.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"227","ipdsId":"IP-093537","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.5025634765625,\n 39.926588421909436\n ],\n [\n -75.421142578125,\n 39.926588421909436\n ],\n [\n -75.421142578125,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -79.5025634765625,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -79.5025634765625,\n 39.926588421909436\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahrestani, Farshid S.","contributorId":208349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahrestani","given":"Farshid","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37785,"text":"The Institute of Bird Populations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ternent, Mark A.","contributorId":150194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ternent","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6917,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovallo, Matthew J.","contributorId":200329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovallo","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walter, W. 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SolVES 4.0 provides an open-source version of SolVES, which was designed to assess, map, and quantify the social values of ecosystem services. Social values—the perceived, nonmarket values the public ascribes to ecosystem services, particularly cultural services, such as aesthetics and recreation—can be evaluated for various stakeholder groups. These groups are distinguishable by factors such as their attitudes and preferences regarding public uses (for example, motorized recreation and logging). As with previous versions, SolVES 4.0 derives a quantitative 10-point, social-values metric—the value index—from a combination of spatial and nonspatial responses to public value and preference surveys. The tool also calculates metrics characterizing the underlying environment, such as average distance to water and dominant landcover. SolVES 4.0 has been developed with Python using a QGIS user interface and a PostgreSQL database for required data. SolVES is integrated with Maxent maximum entropy modeling software to generate more complete social-value maps and offer robust statistical models describing the relation between the value index and explanatory environmental variables. A model’s goodness of fit to a primary study area and its potential performance in transferring social values to similar areas using value-transfer methods can be evaluated. SolVES 4.0 provides an improved open-source, public-domain tool for decision makers and researchers to evaluate the social values of ecosystem services and to facilitate discussions among diverse stakeholders regarding the tradeoffs among ecosystem services in a variety of biophysical and social contexts including mountain, forest, coastal, riparian, agricultural, and urban environments around the globe.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm7C25","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., and Semmens, D.J., 2020, Social Values for Ecosystem Services, version 4.0 (SolVES 4.0)—Documentation and user manual: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 7, chap. C25, 59 p., https://doi.org/ 10.3133/ tm7C25.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 59 p.; Application Site","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436802,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9URDZ4V","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"SolVES"},{"id":377693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c25/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":377694,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/07/c25/tm7C25.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T and M 7 C-25"},{"id":377695,"rank":3,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9URDZ4V","text":"Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) 4.0"}],"contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
Water is one of our most important natural resources and is essential to our national economy and security. Multiple federal government agencies have mission elements that address national needs related to water. Each water-related agency champions a unique science and/or operational mission focused on advancing a portion of the nation’s ability to meet our water-related challenges, often in close collaboration with scientists from the academic community. These diverse mission needs have engendered a rich and extensive base of water-related data and modeling capabilities. While useful for their intended purposes, these capabilities are not well integrated to address complex regional problems and overarching national problems. These major investments by several federal agencies and their scientific partners, however, lay the foundation for an integrated hydro-terrestrial modeling and data infrastructure that will enhance knowledge, understanding, prediction, and management of the nation’s diverse water challenges.
","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Energy","doi":"10.25584/09102020/1659275","usgsCitation":"Lesmes, D.P., Moerman, J., Torgeson, T., Vallario, B., Scheibe, T.D., Foufoula-Georgiou, E., Jenter, H.L., Bingner, R.L., Condon, L., Cosgrove, B., Del Castillo, C., Downer, C.W., Eylander, J., Fienen, M.N., Frazier, N., Gochis, D., Goodrich, D., Harvey, J., Hughes, J.D., Hyndman, D., Johnston, J., Melton, F., Moglen, G.E., Moulton, D., Lautz, L.K., Parmar, R., Rashleigh, B., Reed, P., Skalak, K., Varadharajan, C., Viger, R.J., Voisin, N., and Wahl, M., 2020, Integrated hydro-terrestrial modeling: Development of a national capability, 182 p., https://doi.org/10.25584/09102020/1659275.","productDescription":"182 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120302","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction 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2020 - Cottonwoods, water, and people-Integrating analysis of tree rings with observations of elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T23:30:54.314533","indexId":"ofr20201072","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-31T12:55:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1072","displayTitle":"Cottonwoods, Water, and People—Integrating Analysis of Tree Rings with Observations of Elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming","title":"Cottonwoods, water, and people-Integrating analysis of tree rings with observations of elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming","docAbstract":"We assessed the history of flow and riparian ecosystem change along the Wind River using cottonwood tree-ring data, streamgage records, historical temperature and precipitation data, drought indices, and local observations and Traditional Ecological Knowledge from elders of the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming. This assessment identified impacts that have occurred to riparian resources of concern to the Tribes, which will assist in prioritizing drought planning efforts. Impacts included reduced abundance, reduced regeneration, and increased mortality in cottonwoods (Populus deltoides and P. angustifolia); an increase in invasive species, especially Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), that are gradually replacing cottonwoods and other native woody plants; decreased abundance of native and culturally important plants; reduced abundance of culturally important fish; reduced volume and changes to the timing of flows; and changes in river course. This assessment documented the biophysical and social factors that have contributed to riparian ecosystem change and to reduced water availability and flows, including agricultural diversion, drought, and fire. Cottonwoods along the Wind River are as much as 300 years old. By relating tree-ring width to recorded streamflows, we were able to reconstruct streamflows confidently back to the 1850s and speculatively back to the mid-1700s. Extending the historical record of streamflows allows for a more-complete understanding of hydroclimatic variability and provides a foundation for developing preparedness and response strategies for drought management. Ring width of cottonwood trees at the Boysen Site was more strongly correlated to river flow than to local precipitation or temperature, indicating that growth of trees is controlled more by montane snowmelt than by local weather. Therefore, tree rings are a better indicator of water supply than of the local conditions controlling water demand. The extended flow record from tree rings revealed the occurrence of a major period of low flow from 1870 to 1910 that was not evident in the shorter instrumental records of flow and weather. Information from tree rings, streamflow measurements, drought indices, and elder observations all suggest that the early 2000s drought was the most severe, sustained drought in the last century. Our results illustrate how drought is experienced in different ways across locations and sectors, which underscores the importance of using multiple indicators for drought management. These results will contribute to ongoing assessment, monitoring, and planning efforts at the Wind River Reservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201072","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Eastern Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, the Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, and Colorado State University","usgsCitation":"McNeeley, S.M., Friedman, J.M., Beeton, T.A., and Thaxton, R.D., 2020, Cottonwoods, water, and people—Integrating analysis of tree rings with observations of elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1072, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201072.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113563","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378034,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9S1UIAL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tree-Ring Data Collected in 2017 and 2018 From Cottonwood Trees Along the Wind River in Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming"},{"id":377898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1072/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":377899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1072/ofr20201072.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.44442749023438,\n 42.83569550641452\n ],\n [\n -108.160400390625,\n 42.83569550641452\n ],\n [\n -108.160400390625,\n 43.54456658436357\n ],\n [\n -109.44442749023438,\n 43.54456658436357\n ],\n [\n -109.44442749023438,\n 42.83569550641452\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526
The 196 parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) will soon agree to a post-2020 global framework for conserving the three elements of biodiversity (genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity) while ensuring sustainable development and benefit sharing. As the most significant global conservation policy mechanism, the new CBD framework has far-reaching consequences- it will guide conservation actions and reporting for each member country until 2050. In previous CBD strategies, as well as other major conservation policy mechanisms, targets and indicators for genetic diversity (variation at the DNA level within species, which facilitates species adaptation and ecosystem function) were undeveloped and focused on species of agricultural relevance. We assert that, to meet global conservation goals, genetic diversity within all species, not just domesticated species and their wild relatives, must be conserved and monitored using appropriate metrics. Building on suggestions in a recent Letter in Science (Laikre et al., 2020) we expand argumentation for three new, pragmatic genetic indicators and modifications to two current indicators for maintaining genetic diversity and adaptive capacity of all species, and provide guidance on their practical use. The indicators are: 1) the number of populations with effective population size above versus below 500, 2) the proportion of populations maintained within species, 3) the number of species and populations in which genetic diversity is monitored using DNA-based methods. We also present and discuss Goals and Action Targets for post-2020 biodiversity conservation which are connected to these indicators and underlying data. These pragmatic indicators and goals have utility beyond the CBD; they should benefit conservation and monitoring of genetic diversity via national and global policy for decades to come.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108654","usgsCitation":"Hoban, S.M., Bruford, M.W., D’Urban Jackson, J., Lopes-Fernandes, M., Heuertz, M., Hohenlohe, P.A., Sjogren-Gulve, P., Segelbacher, G., Vernesi, C., Aitken, S., Bertola, L.D., Bloomer, P., Breed, M., Rodriguez-Correa, H., Funk, W., Grueber, C.E., Hunter, M., Jaffe, R., Liggins, L., Mergeay, J., Moharrek, F., O'Brien, D., Ogden, R., Palma-Silva, C., Paz-Vinas, I., Pierson, J., Ramakrishnan, U., Simo-Droissart, M., Tani, N., Waits, L., and Laikre, L., 2020, Genetic diversity targets and indicators in the CBD post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework must be improved: Biological Conservation, v. 248, 108654, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108654.","productDescription":"108654, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117703","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108654","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoban, Sean M. 0000-0002-0348-8449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-8449","contributorId":206582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoban","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37343,"text":"The Morton Arboretum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruford, Michael W.","contributorId":190769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruford","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Urban Jackson, Josephine","contributorId":239918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Urban Jackson","given":"Josephine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48047,"text":"School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lopes-Fernandes, Margarida","contributorId":239919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes-Fernandes","given":"Margarida","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48048,"text":"Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, IP, Lisbon, Portugal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heuertz, Myriam","contributorId":239920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heuertz","given":"Myriam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48049,"text":"INRAE, Univ. 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The geologic basins where oil and gas energy exploration is occurring are primarily sagebrush steppe rangelands. Sagebrush steppe habitats may support more than 20 vertebrate species of conservation concern, and for many of these species, information is lacking on the effects of gas energy development. In earlier work, we demonstrated a negative relationship among development density of gas field infrastructure and pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis). We now examine the spatial relationship among gas field infrastructure, pygmy rabbits, and their habitat on four major gas fields in southwest Wyoming. Using data collected from 120 plots over three years (2011–2013) and 2012 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, we evaluated (1) whether well pads are more likely to be located in areas of pygmy rabbit habitat, (2) whether the presence and abundance of pygmy rabbits are related to distance from infrastructure, and, if so, (3) how much of the total surface area on a gas field is affected. Well pads on three gas fields occurred in higher quality pygmy rabbit habitat than did a set of randomly generated points, and the abundance and probability of pygmy rabbits being present were lower within approximately 0.5–1.5 km of the nearest road and 2 km of well pads and utilities. Buffering a digital layer of roads and well pads on one gas field revealed that nearly 82% of the (4417 km2) surface area was within 1 km of infrastructure, and over 95% of the gas field surface area was within 2 km. This need not be the case on future gas fields. Directional and horizontal well drilling technologies now make it possible for gas to be recovered from a greater area per well pad, enabling future gas field developments that require fewer well pads, roads, and pipeline corridors. Such changes would enable increased well pad spacing and provide the opportunity to locate gas field infrastructure in areas of poor quality wildlife habitat, avoid high priority habitat, and conserve a greater amount of on‐field wildlife habitat overall.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3230","usgsCitation":"Germaine, S.S., Assal, T., Freeman, A., and Carter, S.K., 2020, Distance effects of gas field infrastructure on pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming: Ecosphere, v. 11, no. 8, e03230, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3230.","productDescription":"e03230, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106744","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3230","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Southwest Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -108.45703125,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -110.478515625,\n 41.11246878918088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germaine, Stephen S. 0000-0002-7614-2676 germaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-2676","contributorId":192417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germaine","given":"Stephen","email":"germaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Assal, Timothy 0000-0001-6342-2954","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":204883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, Aaron","contributorId":239831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":48003,"text":"Cherokee Nation Technologies, LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Sarah K. 0000-0003-3778-8615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-8615","contributorId":192418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206398,"text":"sir20195130 - 2020 - Use of boosted regression trees to quantify cumulative instream flow resulting from curtailment of irrigation in the Sprague River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T12:30:21.007926","indexId":"sir20195130","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-28T09:28:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5130","displayTitle":"Use of Boosted Regression Trees to Quantify Cumulative Instream Flow Resulting from Curtailment of Irrigation in the Sprague River Basin, Oregon","title":"Use of boosted regression trees to quantify cumulative instream flow resulting from curtailment of irrigation in the Sprague River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"A boosted regression trees (BRT) approach was used to estimate the amount by which streamflow is increased when irrigation is regulated (curtailed) upstream of a streamgage on the Sprague River in southern-central Oregon. The BRT approach differs from most other approaches that require baseline conditions for comparison, where those baseline conditions are determined from past observations by searching for hydrologically similar years when irrigation was not regulated. Such baseline conditions are always imperfect estimates of the true baseline conditions. The BRT approach instead estimates unique baseline conditions for any year in which irrigation is regulated by calculating the baseline condition based on measurements of precipitation and weather observations that determine evapotranspiration, and other measurements that are proxies for the effects of climate and regional groundwater pumping on water-table elevation, using a model that has been trained in years of no regulation. The amount by which streamflow is increased by regulation is then calculated by subtracting the estimated baseline conditions from the measured streamflow. The approach is challenged by the fact that the streamflow increase may be a small fraction of the total streamflow; nonetheless, during 2 years in which regulation was started early and was implemented consistently through the season, the increased flow made up about one third of the flow past the streamgage during the regulation period. An advantage of this approach is that with rigorous model testing with holdout data, the threshold for detecting streamflow increase and intervals around the estimates of increase at a desired level of confidence can be quantified. The model relies on datasets that are readily available and updated continuously and therefore can be used operationally to inform resource management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of ReclamationDirector, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
The ability to properly identify species present in a landscape is foundational to ecology and essential for natural resource management and conservation. However, many species are often unaccounted for due to ineffective direct capture and visual surveys, especially in aquatic environments. Environmental DNA metabarcoding is an approach that overcomes low detection probabilities and should consequently enhance estimates of biodiversity and its proxy, species richness. Here, we synthesize 37 studies in natural aquatic systems to compare species richness estimates for bony fish between eDNA metabarcoding and conventional methods, such as nets, visual census, and electrofishing. In freshwater systems with fewer than 100 species, we found eDNA metabarcoding detected more species than conventional methods. Using multiple genetic markers further increased species richness estimates with eDNA metabarcoding. For more diverse freshwater systems and across marine systems, eDNA metabarcoding reported similar values of species richness to conventional methods; however, more studies are needed in these environments to better evaluate relative performance. In systems with greater biodiversity, eDNA metabarcoding will require more populated reference databases, increased sampling effort, and multi-marker assays to ensure robust species richness estimates to further validate the approach. eDNA metabarcoding is reliable and provides a path for broader biodiversity assessments that can outperform conventional methods for estimating species richness.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2020.00276","usgsCitation":"McElroy, M.E., Dressler, T.L., Titcomb, G.C., Wilson, E.A., Deiner, K., Dudley, T.L., Eliason, E.J., Evans, N.T., Gaines, S., Lafferty, K.D., Lamberti, G.A., Li, Y., Lodge, D.M., Love, M.S., Mahon, A.R., Pfrender, M.E., Renshaw, M.A., Selkoe, K., and Jerde, C.L., 2020, Calibrating environmental DNA metabarcoding to conventional surveys for measuring fish species richness: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, 276, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00276.","productDescription":"276, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118871","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00276","text":"Publisher Index 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