To characterize the partitioning of metals in a stream ecosystem, concentrations of trace metals including As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were measured in water, colloids, sediment, biofilm (also referred to as aufwuchs), macroinvertebrates, and fish collected from the Boulder River watershed, Montana. Median concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in water throughout the watershed exceeded the U.S. EPA acute and chronic criteria for protection of aquatic life. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in sediment were sufficient in the tributaries to cause invertebrate toxicity. The concentrations of As, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn in invertebrates from lower Cataract Creek (63, 339, 59, 34, and 2,410 μg/g dry wt, respectively) were greater than the concentrations in invertebrates from the Clark Fork River watershed, Montana (19, 174, 2.3, 15, and 648 μg/g, respectively), that were associated with reduced survival, growth, and health of cutthroat trout fed diets composed of those invertebrates. Colloids and biofilm seem to play a critical role in the pathway of metals into the food chain and concentrations of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in these two components are significantly correlated. We suggest that transfer of metals associated with Fe colloids to biological components of biofilm is an important pathway where metals associated with abiotic components are first available to biotic components. The significant correlations suggest that Cd, Cu, and Zn may move independently to biota (biofilm, invertebrates, or fish tissues) from water and sediment. The possibility exists that Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations increase in fish tissues as a result of direct contact with water and sediment and indirect exposure through the food chain. However, uptake through the food chain to fish may be more important for As. Although As concentrations in colloids and biofilm were significantly correlated with As water concentrations, As concentrations in fish tissues were not correlated with water. The pathway for Pb into biological components seems to begin with sediment because concentrations of Pb in water were not significantly correlated with any other component and because concentrations of Pb in the water were often below detection limits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00244-005-0021-z","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Farag, A., Nimick, D.A., Kimball, B.A., Church, S.E., Harper, D.D., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2007, Concentrations of metals in water, sediment, biofilm, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish in the Boulder River watershed, Montana, and the role of colloids in metal uptake: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 397-409, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0021-z.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"409","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0021-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.391667,\n 46.425\n ],\n [\n -112.391667,\n 46.35\n ],\n [\n -112.266667,\n 46.241667\n ],\n [\n -112.15,\n 46.241667\n ],\n [\n -112.15,\n 46.425\n ],\n [\n -112.391667,\n 46.425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f996e4b0c8380cd4d6b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, Aida 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":200690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Church, Stanley E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":199165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stanley","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":425193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harper, David D. 0000-0001-7061-8461 david_harper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-8461","contributorId":1140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David","email":"david_harper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031233,"text":"70031233 - 2007 - ADCP measurements of gravity currents in the Chicago River, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70031233","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ADCP measurements of gravity currents in the Chicago River, Illinois","docAbstract":"A unique set of observations of stratified flow phenomena in the Chicago River was made using an upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) during the period November 20, 2003 to February 1, 2004. Water density differences between the Chicago River and its North Branch (NB) seem to be responsible for the development of gravity currents. With the objective of characterizing the occurrence, frequency, and evolution of such currents, the ADCP was configured to continuously collect high-resolution water velocity and echo intensity profiles in the Chicago River at Columbus Drive. During the observation period, 28 gravity current events were identified, lasting a total of 77% of the time. Sixteen of these events were generated by underflows from the NB and 12 of these events were generated by overflows from the NB. On average, the duration of the underflow and overflow events was 52.3 and 42.1 h, respectively. A detailed analysis of one underflow event, which started on January 7, 2004, and lasted about 65h, was performed. This is the first time that ADCP technology has been used to continuously monitor gravity currents in a river. ?? 2007 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1356)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C., Oberg, K., and Garcia, M., 2007, ADCP measurements of gravity currents in the Chicago River, Illinois: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 133, no. 12, p. 1356-1366, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1356).","startPage":"1356","endPage":"1366","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1356)"},{"id":238583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e626e4b0c8380cd471bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, C.M.","contributorId":84159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, K.","contributorId":60376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, M.H.","contributorId":45079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031599,"text":"70031599 - 2007 - Evaluation of the applicability of the dual‐domain mass transfer model in porous media containing connected high‐conductivity channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:25:24","indexId":"70031599","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the applicability of the dual‐domain mass transfer model in porous media containing connected high‐conductivity channels","docAbstract":"This paper evaluates the dual‐domain mass transfer (DDMT) model to represent transport processes when small‐scale high‐conductivity (K) preferential flow paths (PFPs) are present in a homogenous porous media matrix. The effects of PFPs upon solute transport were examined through detailed numerical experiments involving different realizations of PFP networks, PFP/matrix conductivity contrasts varying from 10:1 to 200:1, different magnitudes of effective conductivities, and a range of molecular diffusion coefficients. Results suggest that the DDMT model can reproduce both the near‐source peak and the downstream low‐concentration spreading observed in the embedded dendritic network when there are large conductivity contrasts between high‐K PFPs and the low‐K matrix. The accuracy of the DDMT model is also affected by the geometry of PFP networks and by the relative significance of the diffusion process in the network‐matrix system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR005965","usgsCitation":"Liu, G., Zheng, C., and Gorelick, S.M., 2007, Evaluation of the applicability of the dual‐domain mass transfer model in porous media containing connected high‐conductivity channels: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 12, Article W12407; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR005965.","productDescription":"Article W12407; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr005965","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cdce4b0c8380cd52d12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, Chunmiao","contributorId":49233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Chunmiao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorelick, Steven M.","contributorId":69295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030724,"text":"70030724 - 2007 - Joint inversion of high-frequency surface waves with fundamental and higher modes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030724","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint inversion of high-frequency surface waves with fundamental and higher modes","docAbstract":"Joint inversion of multimode surface waves for estimating the shear (S)-wave velocity has received much attention in recent years. In this paper, we first analyze sensitivity of phase velocities of multimodes of surface waves for a six-layer earth model, and then we invert surface-wave dispersion curves of the theoretical model and a real-world example. Sensitivity analysis shows that fundamental mode data are more sensitive to the S-wave velocities of shallow layers and are concentrated on a very narrow frequency band, while higher mode data are more sensitive to the parameters of relatively deeper layers and are distributed over a wider frequency band. These properties provide a foundation of using a multimode joint inversion to define S-wave velocities. Inversion results of both synthetic data and a real-world example demonstrate that joint inversion with the damped least-square method and the singular-value decomposition technique to invert high-frequency surface waves with fundamental and higher mode data simultaneously can effectively reduce the ambiguity and improve the accuracy of S-wave velocities. ?? 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2007.02.004","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., Liu, Q., and Xu, S., 2007, Joint inversion of high-frequency surface waves with fundamental and higher modes: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 62, no. 4, p. 375-384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2007.02.004.","startPage":"375","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2007.02.004"}],"volume":"62","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4003e4b0c8380cd649d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xu, S.","contributorId":84954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042816,"text":"cir13064C - 2007 - GIS for the Gulf: A reference database for hurricane-affected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T12:09:04","indexId":"cir13064C","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1306","chapter":"4C","title":"GIS for the Gulf: A reference database for hurricane-affected areas","docAbstract":"A week after Hurricane Katrina made landfall in Louisiana, a collaboration among multiple organizations began building a database called the Geographic Information System for the Gulf, shortened to \"GIS for the Gulf,\" to support the geospatial data needs of people in the hurricane-affected area. Data were gathered from diverse sources and entered into a consistent and standardized data model in a manner that is Web accessible.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005 (Circular 1306)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir13064C","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 4C in Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005. See Circular 1306 for more information and other chapters.","usgsCitation":"Greenlee, D., 2007, GIS for the Gulf: A reference database for hurricane-affected areas: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1306, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir13064C.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1306_4c.jpg"},{"id":266426,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/"},{"id":266427,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/pdf/c1306_ch4_c.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Louisiana;Mississippi;Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,25.79 ], [ -97.86,30.40 ], [ -86.35,30.40 ], [ -86.35,25.79 ], [ -97.86,25.79 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51026611e4b0d4f5ea817bdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenlee, Dave","contributorId":47643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenlee","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70029738,"text":"70029738 - 2007 - At-sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: A 20-year comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-02T08:44:55","indexId":"70029738","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"At-sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: A 20-year comparison","docAbstract":"We conducted aerial at-sea and coastal surveys to examine the distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California, from Cambria, California, to the Mexican border. From May 1999-January 2002, we flew 102 d, covered >54,640 km of transect lines, and conducted nine complete surveys of southern California in January, May, and September. We identified 54 species comprising 12 families and counted >135,000 individuals. Seabird densities were greater along island and mainland coastlines than at sea and were usually greatest in January surveys. Densities were greatest at sea near the northern Channel Islands in January and north of Point Conception in May, and lowest in the southwestern portion of the Southern California Bight in all survey months. On coastal transects, seabird densities were greatest along central and southern portions of the mainland coastline from Point Arguello to Mexico. We estimated that 981,000 ?? 144,000 (x?? ?? SE) seabirds occurred in the study area in January, 862,000 ?? 95,000 in May, and 762,000 ?? 72,000 in September. California Gulls (Larus californicus), Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis), and Cassin's Auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) were most abundant in January surveys at sea, whereas Sooty and Short-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus griseus and P. tenuirostris), phalaropes (Phalaropus spp.), and Western Gulls (Larus. occidentalis) were most abundant in May and September surveys. On coastal transects, California Gulls, Western Grebes, Western Gulls, and Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) were most abundant in January; Western Grebes, Western Gulls, Surf Scoters, and Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) were most abundant in May; and Sooty Shearwaters, Short-tailed Shearwaters, Western Gulls, Western Grebes, Brown Pelicans, and Heermann's Gulls (Larus heermanni) were most abundant in September. Compared to historical seabird densities collected in the same area two decades ago (1975-1978 and 1980-1983), abundance was lower by 14% in January, 57% in May, and 42% in September. Common Murres (Uria aalge, ???75% in each season), Sooty Shearwaters (55% in May, 27% in September), and Bonaparte's Gulls (L. Philadelphia, ???95% in each season) had lower densities. Conversely, Brown Pelicans (167% overall), Xantus's Murrelets (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus; 125% overall), Cassin's Auklets (100% overall), Ashy Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma homochroa, 450% overall) and Western Gulls (55% in May), and Brandt's Cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus, 450% in September) had greater densities. Our results indicate that seabird abundance has declined off the southern California coast in the past two decades, and these declines may be warning signs of environmental degradation in the region or effects of larger forces such as climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01979922","isbn":"0943610729; 9780943610726","usgsCitation":"Mason, J., McChesney, G., McIver, W., Carter, H., Takekawa, J.Y., Golightly, R., Ackerman, J., Orthmeyer, D., Perry, W., Yee, J., Pierson, M., and McCrary, M., 2007, At-sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: A 20-year comparison: Studies in Avian Biology, no. 33, p. 1-101.","startPage":"1","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee9ce4b0c8380cd49e6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, J.W.","contributorId":79433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McChesney, G.J.","contributorId":20936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McChesney","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIver, W.R.","contributorId":21907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIver","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, H.R.","contributorId":20680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34154,"text":"Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":424069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Golightly, R.T.","contributorId":10743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golightly","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perry, W.M.","contributorId":15949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yee, J.L.","contributorId":25496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pierson, M.O.","contributorId":96555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McCrary, M.D.","contributorId":52850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrary","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70030785,"text":"70030785 - 2007 - High arsenic concentrations and enriched sulfur and oxygen isotopes in a fractured-bedrock ground-water system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030785","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High arsenic concentrations and enriched sulfur and oxygen isotopes in a fractured-bedrock ground-water system","docAbstract":"Ground water with high arsenic concentrations (up to 26.6????mol L- 1) has sulfate enriched in 34S and 18O in the fractured-bedrock, ground-water system of the Kelly's Cove watershed, Northport, Maine, USA. The ranges of sulfur and oxygen isotope values in aqueous sulfate, ??34S[SO4] and ??18O[SO4], at the Kelly's Cove watershed are + 3.4 to + 4.9??? and - 2.0 to + 6.7???, respectively. These isotope values are strikingly similar to those of the Goose River, Maine watershed which has ??34S[SO4] and ??18O[SO4] ranges of + 3.7 to + 4.6 ??? and - 2.6 to + 7.5???, respectively. In both systems, high arsenic concentrations occur with high ??34S[SO4] and ??18O[SO4] values, yet redox conditions and underlying rock types are quite different. The isotope values of sulfide minerals, ??34S[min], from four bedrock cores vary over short distances and range from - 5.1 to + 7.5???. The ??34S[SO4] values are controlled by the ??34S[min] values with minor input of atmospheric SO4. The much narrower range in ??34S[SO4] values than ??34S[min] values is probably due to sufficient ground-water mixing at a scale greater than the ??34S[min] variability. The ??34S[SO4] values are about 2??? higher than the average ??34S[min] value and fall within the range of ??34S[min] values, indicating only minor fractionation due to bacterial reduction of SO4. The highest ??18O[SO4] values were measured in the downgradient, confined, arsenic-rich ground water. High ??18O[SO4] values there cannot be due to aeration by atmospheric oxygen, but may arise from reoxidation of reduced SO4 products. The enrichment factors of ??18O in SO4 compared to H2O, + 7.2 to + 15.5???, in the Kelly's Cove ground water and the negligible 34S enrichment is very similar to those derived from experimental data of anaerobic sulfide oxidation in the presence of Mn and Fe oxides. Sea level at the Kelly's Cove watershed was approximately 80??m above present sea level about 13 000??years before present, imposing reducing conditions on that area of the watershed. Sea level dropped approximately 60??m below present sea level about 11 000??years before present, allowing for possible oxidation of sulfide minerals and precipitation of arsenic in ferric oxyhydroxides during aeration of the ground-water system. Under present redox conditions, there is evidence that bacteria reduction of ferric oxyhydroxides releases arsenic. The fractionation of 18O in the SO4 during anaerobic oxidation of sulfide in the presence of Mn and Fe oxides and subsequent release of arsenic during Mn and Fe oxide reduction may explain the relationship between high arsenic concentrations and elevated 18O[SO4] at Kelly's Cove. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.003","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Lipfert, G., Sidle, W., Reeve, A., Ayuso, R., and Boyce, A., 2007, High arsenic concentrations and enriched sulfur and oxygen isotopes in a fractured-bedrock ground-water system: Chemical Geology, v. 242, no. 3-4, p. 385-399, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.003.","startPage":"385","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211686,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.003"},{"id":239026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"242","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30aee4b0c8380cd5d859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipfert, G.","contributorId":53135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipfert","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sidle, W.C.","contributorId":93911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeve, A.S.","contributorId":64446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeve","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyce, A.J.","contributorId":26198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042822,"text":"cir13064D - 2007 - ASTER and USGS EROS emergency imaging for hurricane disasters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T12:08:40","indexId":"cir13064D","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1306","chapter":"4D","title":"ASTER and USGS EROS emergency imaging for hurricane disasters","docAbstract":"Satellite images have been extremely useful in a variety of emergency response activities, including hurricane disasters. This article discusses the collaborative efforts of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Joint United States-Japan Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Science Team, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in responding to crisis situations by tasking the ASTER instrument and rapidly providing information to initial responders. Insight is provided on the characteristics of the ASTER systems, and specific details are presented regarding Hurricane Katrina support.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005 (Circular 1306)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir13064D","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 4D in Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005. See Circular 1306 for more information and other chapters.","usgsCitation":"Duda, K.A., and Abrams, M., 2007, ASTER and USGS EROS emergency imaging for hurricane disasters: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1306, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir13064D.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1306_4d.jpg"},{"id":266432,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/"},{"id":266433,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/pdf/c1306_ch4_d.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510265f6e4b0d4f5ea817ba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Kenneth A. duda@usgs.gov","contributorId":38039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Kenneth","email":"duda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrams, Michael","contributorId":74266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrams","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":472330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032932,"text":"70032932 - 2007 - Further assessment of environmental contaminants in avian prey of the peregrine falcon in big bend National Park, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032932","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further assessment of environmental contaminants in avian prey of the peregrine falcon in big bend National Park, Texas","docAbstract":"A small resident population of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus anatum) in the Big Bend region of Texas has suffered reproductive failures since 1990. To continue our assessment of the effects of environmental contaminants on the peregrine falcon, we collected representative avian prey species during 2001 at Mariscal Canyon, Big Bend National Park. The avian carcasses were analyzed for inorganic and organochlorine contaminants. Concentrations of Se and Hg were present at high levels (up to 11 and 2.2 ??g/g dry weight, respectively) in some avian prey and could be implicated in reproductive failures of the peregrine falcon in Big Bend National Park. All other inorganic elements were below concentrations known to affect reproduction or to be associated with other deleterious effects in birds. Of all the organochlorines analyzed, only DDE and total PCBs were present above detection limits in all species, although at low concentrations. Our study provides further support to the hypothesis that contaminants in potential avian prey of the peregrine falcon in the Big Bend region are implicated in the productivity failures observed in this species since 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[54:FAOECI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Mora, M., Skiles, R., and Paredes, M., 2007, Further assessment of environmental contaminants in avian prey of the peregrine falcon in big bend National Park, Texas: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 52, no. 1, p. 54-59, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[54:FAOECI]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"54","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213382,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[54:FAOECI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":241003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1420e4b0c8380cd54904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skiles, R.S.","contributorId":69856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skiles","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paredes, M.","contributorId":33503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paredes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032926,"text":"70032926 - 2007 - Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS. I. Full-disk properties: 350-5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70032926","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS. I. Full-disk properties: 350-5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves","docAbstract":"Saturn's icy satellites are among the main scientific objectives of the Cassini-VIMS (Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) experiment. This paper contains a first systematic and comparative analysis of the full-disk spectral properties of Dione, Enceladus, Epimetheus, Hyperion, Iapetus, Mimas, Phoebe, Rhea and Tethys as observed by VIMS from July 2004 to June 2005. The disk integrated properties (350-5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves at 550-2232 nm) and images of satellites are reported and discussed in detail together with the observed geometry. In general, the spectra in the visible spectral range are almost featureless and can be classified according to the spectral slopes: from the bluish Enceladus and Phoebe to the redder Iapetus, Hyperion and Epimetheus. In the 1000-1300 nm range the spectra of Enceladus, Tethys, Mimas and Rhea are characterized by a negative slope, consistent with a surface largely dominated by water ice, while the spectra of Iapetus, Hyperion and Phoebe show a considerable reddening pointing out the relevant role played by darkening materials present on the surface. In between these two classes are Dione and Epimetheus, which have a flat spectrum in this range. The main absorption bands identified in the infrared are the 1520, 2020, 3000 nm H2O/OH bands (for all satellites), although Iapetus dark terrains show mostly a deep 3000 nm band while the 1520 and 2020 nm bands are very faint. In this spectral range, the Iapetus spectrum is characterized by a strong reddening. The CO2 band at 4260 nm and the Fresnel ice peak around 3100 nm are evident only on Hyperion, Phoebe and Iapetus. The phase curves at 550 and at 2232 nm are reported for all the available observations in the 0??-144?? range; Rhea shows an opposition surge at visible wavelengths in the 0.5??-1.17?? interval. The improvement on the retrieval of the full-disk reflectance spectra can be appreciated by a direct comparison with ground-based telescopic data available from literature. Finally, data processing strategies and recent upgrades introduced in the VIMS-V calibration pipeline (flat-field and destriping-despiking algorithm) are discussed in appendices. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.001","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Filacchione, G., Capaccioni, F., McCord, T.B., Coradini, A., Cerroni, P., Bellucci, G., Tosi, F., D’Aversa, E., Formisano, V., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Bibring, J., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Combes, M., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Showalter, M., and Newman, S., 2007, Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS. I. Full-disk properties: 350-5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves: Icarus, v. 186, no. 1, p. 259-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.001.","startPage":"259","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.001"},{"id":240906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86f8e4b08c986b316225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tosi, F.","contributorId":9472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tosi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34654,"text":"Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"D’Aversa, E.","contributorId":31949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Aversa","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Combes, M.","contributorId":66892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combes","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Langevin, Y.","contributorId":24900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Mennella, V.","contributorId":88522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennella","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Hansen, G.","contributorId":30938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Hibbitts, K.","contributorId":89018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Showalter, M.","contributorId":85753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showalter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}} ,{"id":70029799,"text":"70029799 - 2007 - Development of a spatial analysis method using ground-based repeat photography to detect changes in the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T07:25:06","indexId":"70029799","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a spatial analysis method using ground-based repeat photography to detect changes in the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Repeat photography is a powerful tool for detection of landscape change over decadal timescales. Here a novel method is presented that applies spatial analysis software to digital photo-pairs, allowing vegetation change to be categorized and quantified. This method is applied to 12 sites within the alpine treeline ecotone of Glacier National Park, Montana, and is used to examine vegetation changes over timescales ranging from 71 to 93 years. Tree cover at the treeline ecotone increased in 10 out of the 12 photo-pairs (mean increase of 60%). Establishment occurred at all sites, infilling occurred at 11 sites. To demonstrate the utility of this method, patterns of tree establishment at treeline are described and the possible causes of changes within the treeline ecotone are discussed. Local factors undoubtedly affect the magnitude and type of the observed changes, however the ubiquity of the increase in tree cover implies a common forcing mechanism. Mean minimum summer temperatures have increased by 1.5??C over the past century and, coupled with variations in the amount of early spring snow water equivalent, likely account for much of the increase in tree cover at the treeline ecotone. Lastly, shortcomings of this method are presented along with possible solutions and areas for future research. ?? 2007 Regents of the University of Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR)","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[297:DOASAM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15230430","usgsCitation":"Roush, W., Munroe, J.S., and Fagre, D., 2007, Development of a spatial analysis method using ground-based repeat photography to detect changes in the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 39, no. 2, p. 297-308, https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[297:DOASAM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488075,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[297:doasam]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[297:DOASAM]2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 47.73932336136857\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -113.9501953125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -113.9501953125,\n 47.73932336136857\n ],\n [\n -116.16943359374999,\n 47.73932336136857\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0044e4b0c8380cd4f695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roush, W.","contributorId":17887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roush","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munroe, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":24175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munroe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186595,"text":"70186595 - 2007 - The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70174091,"text":"70174091 - 2007 - Atlantic salmon genetics: Past, present and what's in the future?","indexId":"70174091","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"chapter":"15","title":"Atlantic salmon genetics: Past, present and what's in the future?"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70186595,"text":"70186595 - 2007 - The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management","indexId":"70186595","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T16:26:38","indexId":"70186595","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management","docAbstract":"Atlantic Salmon is a cultural icon throughout its North Atlantic range; it is the focus of probably the World’s highest profile recreational fishery and is the basis for one of the World’s largest aquaculture industries. Despite this, many wild stocks of salmon are in decline and underpinning this is a dearth of information on the nature and extent of population structuring and adaptive population differentiation, and its implications for species conservation.
This important new book will go a long way to rectify this situation by providing a thorough review of the genetics of Atlantic salmon. Sponsored by the European Union and the Atlantic Salmon Trust, this book comprises the work of an international team of scientists, carefully integrated and edited to provide a landmark book of vital interest to all those working with Atlantic salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/9780470995846","isbn":"978-1-4051-1582-7","usgsCitation":"2007, The atlantic salmon: Genetics, conservation and management, 520 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470995846.","productDescription":"520 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60274e4b09da6799ac691","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Verspoor, Eric","contributorId":190587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verspoor","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689685,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stradmeyer, Lee","contributorId":190588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stradmeyer","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689686,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":689687,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156270,"text":"70156270 - 2007 - A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T15:11:20.909057","indexId":"70156270","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":128,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"10-05","title":"A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007","docAbstract":"The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), use different field methods for collecting macroinvertebrate samples and habitat data for bioassessment purposes. Arizona’s Biocriteria index was developed using a riffle habitat sampling methodology, whereas the EMAP method employs a multi-habitat sampling protocol. There was a need to demonstrate comparability of these different bioassessment methodologies to allow use of the EMAP multi-habitat protocol for both statewide probabilistic assessments for integration of the EMAP data into the national (305b) assessment and for targeted in-state bioassessments for 303d determinations of standards violations and impaired aquatic life conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the two methods yield similar bioassessment results, such that the data could be used interchangeably in water quality assessments. In this Regional EMAP grant funded project, a probabilistic survey of 30 sites in the Little Colorado River basin was conducted in the spring of 2007. Macroinvertebrate and habitat data were collected using both ADEQ and EMAP sampling methods, from adjacent reaches within these stream channels.
All analyses indicated that the two macroinvertebrate sampling methods were significantly correlated. ADEQ and EMAP samples were classified into the same scoring categories (meeting, inconclusive, violating the biocriteria standard) 82% of the time. When the ADEQ-IBI was applied to both the ADEQ and EMAP taxa lists, the resulting IBI scores were significantly correlated (r=0.91), even though only 4 of the 7 metrics in the IBI were significantly correlated. The IBI scores from both methods were significantly correlated to the percent of riffle habitat, even though the average percent riffle habitat was only 30% of the stream reach. Multivariate analyses found that the percent riffle was an important attribute for both datasets in classifying IBI scores into assessment categories.
Habitat measurements generated from EMAP and ADEQ methods were also significantly correlated; 13 of 16 habitat measures were significantly correlated (p<0.01). The visual-based percentage estimates of percent riffle and pool habitats, vegetative cover and percent canopy cover, and substrate measurements of percent fine substrate and embeddedness were all remarkably similar, given the different field methods used. A multivariate analysis identified substrate and flow conditions, as well as canopy cover as important combinations of habitat attributes affecting both IBI scores. These results indicate that similar habitat measures can be obtained using two different field sampling protocols. In addition, similar combinations of these habitat parameters were important to macroinvertebrate community condition in multivariate analyses of both ADEQ and EMAP datasets.
These results indicate the two sampling methods for macroinvertebrates and habitat data were very similar in terms of bioassessment results and stressors. While the bioassessment category was not identical for all sites, overall the assessments were significantly correlated, providing similar bioassessment results for the cold water streams used in this study. The findings of this study indicate that ADEQ can utilize either a riffle-based sampling methodology or a multi-habitat sampling approach in cold water streams as both yield similar results relative to the macroinvertebrate assemblage. These results will allow for use of either macroinvertebrate dataset to determine water quality standards compliance with the ADEQ Indexes of Biological Integrity, for which threshold values were just recently placed into the Arizona Surface Water Quality Standards. While this survey did not include warm water desert streams of Arizona, we would predict that EMAP and ADEQ sampling methodologies would provide similar bioassessment results and would not be significantly different, as we have found that the percent riffle habitat in cold and warm water perennial, wadeable streams is not significantly different. However, a comparison study of sampling methodologies in warm water streams should be conducted to confirm the predicted similarity of bioassessment results. ADEQ will continue to implement a monitoring strategy that includes probabilistic monitoring for a statewide ecological assessment of stream conditions. Conclusions from this study will guide decisions regarding the most appropriate sampling methods for future probabilistic monitoring sample plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arizona Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Spindler, P., and Paretti, N.V., 2007, A comparison of macroinvertebrate and habitat methods of data collection in the Little Colorado River Watershed, Arizona 2007: Open-File Report 10-05, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://azdeq.gov/surface-water-reports"},{"id":306884,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Little Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05225085860557,\n 33.997147907235785\n ],\n [\n -109.04106100464412,\n 35.15461273818636\n ],\n [\n -112.02896638603738,\n 35.17081103556828\n ],\n [\n -112.02896638603738,\n 35.05951329223615\n ],\n [\n -112.18135500293924,\n 35.01940890226042\n ],\n [\n -112.11604559569567,\n 34.930217592804965\n ],\n [\n -112.18135500293924,\n 34.76942868845617\n ],\n [\n -112.14325784871377,\n 34.675490175745026\n ],\n [\n -111.83303816430666,\n 34.39303515518253\n ],\n [\n -111.75684385585603,\n 34.410997280051035\n ],\n [\n -111.55003073291795,\n 34.42895554846932\n ],\n [\n -111.37587231360197,\n 34.35709933984734\n ],\n [\n -111.29423555454736,\n 34.42446634295791\n ],\n [\n -111.14728938824946,\n 34.384052646872874\n ],\n [\n -110.91870646289696,\n 34.29417457634274\n ],\n [\n -110.74454804358068,\n 34.177189196638395\n ],\n [\n -110.5921594266791,\n 34.16818359070621\n ],\n [\n -110.37990385313734,\n 34.01494136859705\n ],\n [\n -110.3418066989122,\n 33.8885337937307\n ],\n [\n -110.17309073019959,\n 33.90660351226566\n ],\n [\n -109.83565879277435,\n 33.94273145971013\n ],\n [\n -109.69959752768384,\n 33.93821630426183\n ],\n [\n -109.5689787131967,\n 33.96078968665205\n ],\n [\n -109.53632400957491,\n 33.59889828847642\n ],\n [\n -109.3896827960308,\n 33.56287969227705\n ],\n [\n -109.2155243767145,\n 33.71693475565631\n ],\n [\n -109.18286967309271,\n 33.93395436276049\n ],\n [\n -109.05225085860557,\n 33.997147907235785\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8b41e4b0824b2d14a9d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spindler, Patrice","contributorId":146624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spindler","given":"Patrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paretti, Nick V.","contributorId":146625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031113,"text":"70031113 - 2007 - Evapotranspiration in a cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plantation estimated by sap flow and remote sensing methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031113","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evapotranspiration in a cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plantation estimated by sap flow and remote sensing methods","docAbstract":"Native tree plantations have been proposed for the restoration of wildlife habitat in human-altered riparian corridors of western U.S. rivers. Evapotranspiration (ET) by riparian vegetation is an important, but poorly quantified, term in river water budgets. Native tree restoration plots will potentially increase ET. We used sap flow sensors and satellite imagery to estimate ET in a 8 ha, cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plot on the Lower Colorado River. Biometric methods were used to scale leaf area to whole trees and stands of trees. This technique was used to validate our estimates of ET obtained by scaling from branch level to stand (or plot) level measurements of ET. Cottonwood trees used 6-10 mm day-1 of water during the peak of the growing season as determined by sap flow sensors, and annual rates scaled by time-series MODIS satellite imagery were approximately 1.2 m year-1. Although irrigation was not quantified, the field had been flood irrigated at 2 week intervals during the 3 years prior to the study, receiving approximately 2 m year-1 of water. A frequency-domain electromagnetic induction survey of soil moisture content showed that the field was saturated (26-28% gravimetric water content) at the 90-150 cm soil depth under the field. Trees were apparently rooted into the saturated soil, and considerable saving of water could potentially be achieved by modifying the irrigation regime to take into account that cottonwoods are phreatophytes. The study showed that cottonwood ET can be monitored by remote sensing methods calibrated with ground measurements with an accuracy or uncertainty of 20-30% in western riparian corridors. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.02.002","issn":"01681923","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P., Jetton, A., Fleming, J., Didan, K., Glenn, E., Erker, J., Morino, K., Milliken, J., and Gloss, S., 2007, Evapotranspiration in a cottonwood (Populus fremontii) restoration plantation estimated by sap flow and remote sensing methods: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 144, no. 1-2, p. 95-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.02.002.","startPage":"95","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.02.002"},{"id":238944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d1ee4b0c8380cd52e17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, P.","contributorId":35538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jetton, A.","contributorId":40419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jetton","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleming, J.","contributorId":31973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Didan, K.","contributorId":25356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Didan","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glenn, E.","contributorId":82524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erker, J.","contributorId":35118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erker","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morino, K.","contributorId":10614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Milliken, J.","contributorId":19364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gloss, S.","contributorId":65665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloss","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70168633,"text":"70168633 - 2007 - Response of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change: The Western Mountain Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:56:23","indexId":"70168633","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5057,"text":"Mountain Views","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change: The Western Mountain Initiative","docAbstract":"Mountain ecosystems within our national parks and other protected areas provide valuable goods and services such as clean water, biodiversity conservation, and recreational opportunities, but their potential responses to expected climatic changes are inadequately understood. The Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) is a collaboration of scientists whose research focuses on understanding and predicting responses of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change. It is a legacy of the Global Change Research Program initiated by the National Park Service (NPS) in 1991 and continued by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to this day as part of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (http://www.climatescience.gov/). All WMI scientists are active participants in CIRMOUNT, and seek to further its goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Consortium for Integrated Climate Research in Western Mountains","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, N.L., Peterson, D., Fagre, D.B., Allen, C.D., McKenzie, D., Baron, J., and O’Brian, K., 2007, Response of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change: The Western Mountain Initiative: Mountain Views, v. 1, no. 1, p. 4-9.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/cirmount/publications/pdf/Mtn_Views_jan_07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913e6e4b07657d19ff257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Dave","contributorId":167110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenzie, Donald","contributorId":81792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Brian, Kelly","contributorId":167111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brian","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033090,"text":"70033090 - 2007 - Distinguishing centrarchid genera by use of lateral line scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033090","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing centrarchid genera by use of lateral line scales","docAbstract":"Predator-prey relations involving fishes are often evaluated using scales remaining in gut contents or feces. While several reliable keys help identify North American freshwater fish scales to the family level, none attempt to separate the family Centrarchidae to the genus level. Centrarchidae is of particular concern in the midwestern United States because it contains several popular sport fishes, such as smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, largemouth bass M. salmoides, and rock bass Ambloplites rupestris, as well as less-sought-after species of sunfishes Lepomis spp. and crappies Pomoxis spp. Differentiating sport fish from non-sport fish has important management implications. Morphological characteristics of lateral line scales (n = 1,581) from known centrarchid fishes were analyzed. The variability of measurements within and between genera was examined to select variables that were the most useful in further classifying unknown centrarchid scales. A linear discriminant analysis model was developed using 10 variables. Based on this model, 84.4% of Ambloplites scales, 81.2% of Lepomis scales, and 86.6% of Micropterus scales were classified correctly using a jackknife procedure. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M05-202.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Roberts, N., Rabeni, C., and Stanovick, J., 2007, Distinguishing centrarchid genera by use of lateral line scales: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 27, no. 1, p. 215-219, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-202.1.","startPage":"215","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213244,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-202.1"},{"id":240850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0250e4b0c8380cd4ffcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, N.M.","contributorId":75395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanovick, J.S.","contributorId":20510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanovick","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174306,"text":"70174306 - 2007 - Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-07T15:48:55","indexId":"70174306","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century","docAbstract":"Ice loss to the sea currently accounts for virtually all of the sea-level rise that is not attributable to ocean warming, and about 60% of the ice loss is from glaciers and ice caps rather than from the two ice sheets. The contribution of these smaller glaciers has accelerated over the past decade, in part due to marked thinning and retreat of marine-terminating glaciers associated with a dynamic instability that is generally not considered in mass-balance and climate modeling. This acceleration of glacier melt may cause 0.1 to 0.25 meter of additional sea-level rise by 2100.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1126/science.1143906","usgsCitation":"Meier, M.F., Dyurgerov, M., Rick, U.K., Pfeffer, W.T., Anderson, S.P., and Glazovsky, A.F., 2007, Glaciers dominate eustatic sea-level rise in the 21st century: Science, v. 317, no. 5841, p. 1064-1067, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1143906.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1064","endPage":"1067","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"317","issue":"5841","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d30e4b0ef4d2f45faaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, Mark Frederick","contributorId":30982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"Frederick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyurgerov, M.B.","contributorId":43953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyurgerov","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rick, Ursula K.","contributorId":172731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rick","given":"Ursula","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pfeffer, William Tad","contributorId":76217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Tad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Suzanne P. 0000-0002-6796-6649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6796-6649","contributorId":172732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glazovsky, Andrey F.","contributorId":172733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glazovsky","given":"Andrey","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031125,"text":"70031125 - 2007 - Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy of mineralization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70031125","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2642,"text":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy of mineralization","docAbstract":"Paramagnetic manganese (II) can be employed as a calcium surrogate to sensitize magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) to the processing of calcium during bone formation. At high doses, osteoblasts can take up sufficient quantities of manganese, resulting in marked changes in water proton T1, T2 and magnetization transfer ratio values compared to those for untreated cells. Accordingly, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results confirm that the manganese content of treated cell pellets was 10-fold higher than that for untreated cell pellets. To establish that manganese is processed like calcium and deposited as bone, calvaria from the skull of embryonic chicks were grown in culture medium supplemented with 1 mM MnCl2 and 3 mM CaCl2. A banding pattern of high and low T2 values, consistent with mineral deposits with high and low levels of manganese, was observed radiating from the calvarial ridge. The results of ICP-MS studies confirm that manganese-treated calvaria take up increasing amounts of manganese with time in culture. Finally, elemental mapping studies with electron probe microanalysis confirmed local variations in the manganese content of bone newly deposited on the calvarial surface. This is the first reported use of manganese-enhanced MRM to study the process whereby calcium is taken up by osteoblasts cells and deposited as bone. ?? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.mri.2006.11.002","issn":"0730725X","usgsCitation":"Chesnick, I., Todorov, T., Centeno, J., Newbury, D., Small, J.R., and Potter, K., 2007, Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy of mineralization: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1095-1104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2006.11.002.","startPage":"1095","endPage":"1104","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2006.11.002"},{"id":238579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4cc5e4b0c8380cd69e8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chesnick, I.E.","contributorId":80484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesnick","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todorov, T.I.","contributorId":10995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorov","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Centeno, J.A.","contributorId":73806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newbury, D.E.","contributorId":43564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newbury","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Small, Justin R.","contributorId":78146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Small","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":27489,"text":"Nevada Department of Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":430149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Potter, K.","contributorId":24165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033075,"text":"70033075 - 2007 - Comprehensive characterization of atmospheric organic matter in Fresno, California fog water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033075","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comprehensive characterization of atmospheric organic matter in Fresno, California fog water","docAbstract":"Fogwater collected during winter in Fresno (CA) was characterized by isolating several distinct fractions and characterizing them by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. More than 80% of the organic matter in the fogwater was recovered and characterized. The most abundant isolated fractions were those comprised of volatile acids (24% of isolated carbon) and hydrophilic acids plus neutrals (28%). Volatile acids, including formic and acetic acid, have been previously identified as among the most abundant individual species in fogwater. Recovered hydrophobic acids exhibited some properties similar to aquatic fulvic acids. An insoluble particulate organic matter fraction contained a substantial amount of biological material, while hydrophilic and transphilic fractions also contained material suggestive of biotic origin. Together, these fractions illustrate the important contribution biological sources make to organic matter in atmospheric fog droplets. The fogwater also was notable for containing a large amount of organic nitrogen present in a variety of species, including amines, nitrate esters, peptides, and nitroso compounds. ?? 2007 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es0607988","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Herckes, P., Leenheer, J., and Collett, J., 2007, Comprehensive characterization of atmospheric organic matter in Fresno, California fog water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 2, p. 393-399, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0607988.","startPage":"393","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0607988"},{"id":241188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f943e4b0c8380cd4d523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herckes, P.","contributorId":32729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herckes","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":42426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174216,"text":"70174216 - 2007 - Analysis of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) reproductive tract: A methods manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T14:39:55","indexId":"70174216","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":295,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"MMM 2007-002","title":"Analysis of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) reproductive tract: A methods manual","docAbstract":"Reproduction in the female sea otter, Enhydra lutris, was relatively unstudied until Sinha et al. (1966) examined 140 reproductive tracts collected 1955-62 and used their findings to describe sea otter reproductive anatomy and biology. Two years later Sinha and Conaway (1968) published a more detailed paper on the ovary of the sea otter. These descriptive papers have been used as the basis for all subsequent studies of sea otter reproductive tracts.
\nDuring biological collections of sea otters in the 1960s and 70s a large number of female carcasses became available to wildlife biologists. Using Sinha’s research, Schneider (1973) analyzed 1,482 female reproductive tracts to determine the timing of reproduction, gestation period, age of sexual maturity, fetal sex ratio and growth rate of otters in the Aleutian Islands. A similar study was conducted by Bodkin et al. (1993) on a sample of 177 females collected after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Recently (von Biela 2007) examined 134 reproductive tracts obtained from beachcast and harvested otters across the three Alaskan population stocks as part of a Master’s thesis.
\nAs with most life history data, comparisons among and within populations that differ in status relative to equilibrium densities provide useful data with which to test hypotheses about the cause and effects of changes in demographic rates such as reproductive rate. However, in order to make such comparisons, methods used in different periods must be comparable. The purpose of this manual is to explicitly describe how to collect and analyze sea otter reproductive tracts for the determination of reproductive rate, pregnancy rate, percentage of mature females, and timing of reproduction so that the data will be directly comparable to that collected in the past. The techniques presented in this manual have been used to study sea otter populations over the last 50 years, and maintaining such consistency is essential to comparisons in the future.
\nThis manual is based on the methods of previous researchers and draws heavily on the published and unpublished works of James Bodkin, Karl Kenyon, Calvin Lensink, Daniel Mulcahy, Karl Schneider, and Akhouri Sinha. Most invaluable to the production of this manual were the direct communications with Karl Schneider and Dan Mulcahy. In each instance, researchers have communicated with each other to attain comparable methods. Recognizing that researchers in the future may not have this luxury, this guide has been produced to preserve the technique. In addition to using this manual, researchers should consult with colleagues experienced in the analysis of mammalian reproductive tracts, preferably specific to sea otters. Individuals are encouraged to contact V. von Biela with any questions.
\nSea otter reproductive tracts have most commonly come from either intentional sampling through harvests (Sinah et al. 1966, Schneider 1975) or unintentional large scale mortalities (e.g. the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill) (Bodkin et al. 1993). Carcasses and reproductive tracts can also be obtained through the collection of fresh beach cast carcasses. Analysis of reproductive tracts should consider the source of carcasses as samples representing either the “living” or “dead” sea otter population, as they may differ in reproductive parameters. In most cases the reproductive tracts are fixed in formalin or frozen (minimum of –20˚C) immediately after collection; both methods are acceptable for later analysis of the tissue. Immediate fixation is preferred as it is a necessary step in analysis. Uteri and ovaries are then examined to determine the current and past reproductive history of each individual. This manual also includes an example datasheet (Appendix A) and glossary (Appendix B).
","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Mammals Management","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., and Gill, V., 2007, Analysis of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) reproductive tract: A methods manual: Technical Report MMM 2007-002, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f19de4b07dd077c697d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Verena A.","contributorId":140658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Verena A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031124,"text":"70031124 - 2007 - Effects of mother lode-type gold mineralization on 187Os/188Os and platinum group element concentrations in peridotite: Alleghany District, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T16:10:24","indexId":"70031124","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of mother lode-type gold mineralization on 187Os/188Os and platinum group element concentrations in peridotite: Alleghany District, California","title":"Effects of mother lode-type gold mineralization on 187Os/188Os and platinum group element concentrations in peridotite: Alleghany District, California","docAbstract":"Osmium isotope compositions and concentrations of Re, platinum group elements (PGE), and Au were determined for host peridotites (serpentinites and barzburgites) and hydrothermally altered ultramafic wall rocks associated with Mother Lode-type hydrothermal gold-quartz vein mineralization in the Alleghany district, California. The host peridotites have Os isotope compositions and Re, PGE, and Au abundances typical of the upper mantle at their presumed formation age during the late Proterozoic or early Paleozoic. The hydrothermally altered rocks have highly variable initial Os isotope compositions with ??os, values (% deviation of 187OS/188OS from the chondritic average calculated for the approx. 120 Ma time of mineralization) ranging from -1.4 to -8.3. The lowest Os isotope compositions are consistent with Re depletion of a chondritic source (e.g., the upper mantle) at ca. 1.6 Ga. Most of the altered samples are enriched in Au and have depleted and fractionated abundances of Re and PGE relative to their precursor peridotites. Geoehemical characteristics of the altered samples suggest that Re and some PGE were variably removed from the ultramafic rocks during the mineralization event. In addition to Re, the Pt and Pd abundances of the most intensely altered rocks appear to have been most affected by mineralization. The 187Os-depleted isotopic compositions of some altered rocks are interpreted to be a result of preferential 187Os loss via destruction of Re-rich phases during the event. For these rocks, Os evidently is not a useful tracer of the mineralizing fluids. The results do, however, provide evidence for differential mobility of these elements, and mobility of 187Os relative to the initial bulk Os isotope composition during hydrothermal metasomatic alteration of ultramafic rocks. ?? 2007 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.102.6.1079","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Walker, R., Böhlke, J., McDonough, W., and Li, J., 2007, Effects of mother lode-type gold mineralization on 187Os/188Os and platinum group element concentrations in peridotite: Alleghany District, California: Economic Geology, v. 102, no. 6, p. 1079-1089, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.102.6.1079.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1079","endPage":"1089","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.102.6.1079"}],"volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0764e4b0c8380cd5168d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonough, W.F.","contributorId":97314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonough","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Ji","contributorId":22916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174202,"text":"70174202 - 2007 - Weirs: Counting and sampling adult salmonids in streams and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T12:43:14","indexId":"70174202","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Weirs: Counting and sampling adult salmonids in streams and rivers","docAbstract":"Weirs—which function as porous barriers built across stream—have long been used to capture migrating fish in flowing waters. For example, the Netsilik peoples of northern Canada used V-shaped weirs constructed of river rocks gathered onsite to capture migrating Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (Balikci 1970). Similarly, fences constructed of stakes and a latticework of willow branches or staves were used by Native Americans to capture migrating salmon in streams along the West Coast of North America (Stewart 1994). In modern times, weirs have also been used in terminal fisheries and to capture brood fish for use in fish culture. Weirs have been used to gather data on age structure, condition, sex ratio, spawning escapement, abundance, and migratory patterns of fish in streams. One of the critical elements of fisheries management and stock assessment of salmonids is a count of adult fish returning to spawn. Weirs are frequently used to capture or count fish to determine status and trends of populations or direct inseason management of fisheries; generally, weirs are the standard against which other techniques are measured. To evaluate fishery management actions, the number of fish escaping to spawn is often compared to river-specific target spawning requirements (O’Connell and Dempson 1995). A critical factor in these analyses is the determination of total run size (O’Connell 2003). O’Connell compared methods of run-size estimation against absolute counts from a rigid weir and concluded that, given the uncertainty of estimators, the absolute counts obtained at the weir wer significantly better than modeled estimates, which deviated as much as 50–60% from actual counts. The use of weirs is generally restricted to streams and small rivers because of construction expense, formation of navigation barriers, and the tendency of weirs to clog with debris, which can cause flooding and collapse of the structure (Hubert 1996). When feasible, however, weirs are generally regarded as the most accurate technique available to quantify escapement as the result is supposedly an absolute count (Cousens et al. 1982). Weirs also provide the opportunity to capture fish for observation and sampling of biological characteristics and tissues; they may also serve as recapture sites for basin-wide, mark–recapture population estimates. Temporary weirs are useful in monitoring wild populations of salmonids as well as for capturing broodstock for artificial propagation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Salmonid field protocols handbook: techniques for assessing status and trends in salmon and trout populations.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":14,"text":"Instruction"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","isbn":"978-1-888569-92-6","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., and Zabkar, L.M., 2007, Weirs: Counting and sampling adult salmonids in streams and rivers, chap. of Salmonid field protocols handbook: techniques for assessing status and trends in salmon and trout populations., p. 385-398.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"398","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5774f315e4b07dd077c6aef5","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Johnson, David H.","contributorId":172563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641267,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shrier, Brianna M.","contributorId":172557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shrier","given":"Brianna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641268,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neal, Jennifer S.","contributorId":147875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neal","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641269,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knutzen, John A.","contributorId":172558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutzen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641270,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Augerot, Xanthippe","contributorId":172559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augerot","given":"Xanthippe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641271,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Neal, Thomas A.","contributorId":172560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neal","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641272,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pearsons, Todd N.","contributorId":95345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearsons","given":"Todd N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641273,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zabkar, Laura M.","contributorId":172562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zabkar","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033061,"text":"70033061 - 2007 - Role of burning season on initial understory vegetation response to prescribed fire in a mixed conifer forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033061","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of burning season on initial understory vegetation response to prescribed fire in a mixed conifer forest","docAbstract":"Although the majority of fires in the western United States historically occurred during the late summer or early fall when fuels were dry and plants were dormant or nearly so, early-season prescribed burns are often ignited when fuels are still moist and plants are actively growing. The purpose of this study was to determine if burn season influences postfire vegetation recovery. Replicated early-season burn, late-season burn, and unburned control units were established in a mixed conifer forest, and understory vegetation was evaluated before and after treatment. Vegetation generally recovered rapidly after prescribed burning. However, late-season burns resulted in a temporary but significant drop in cover and a decline in species richness at the 1 m 2 scale in the following year. For two of the several taxa that were negatively affected by burning, the reduction in frequency was greater after late-season than early-season burns. Early-season burns may have moderated the effect of fire by consuming less fuel and lessening the amount of soil heating. Our results suggest that, when burned under high fuel loading conditions, many plant species respond more strongly to differences in fire intensity and severity than to timing of the burn relative to stage of plant growth. ?? 2007 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/X06-200","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Knapp, E.E., Schwilk, D., Kane, J., and Keeley, J., 2007, Role of burning season on initial understory vegetation response to prescribed fire in a mixed conifer forest: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 37, no. 1, p. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.1139/X06-200.","startPage":"11","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213302,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X06-200"},{"id":240914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae45e4b0c8380cd8706a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knapp, E. 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