Luminescence is the property of some materials to emit light when excited by external stimuli such as ultraviolet or visible light or by chemical or mechanical action. The Fraunhofer line discriminator (FLO) is an airborne electro-optical device which operates as a non-imaging radiometer and permits detection of solar stimulated luminescence several orders of magnitude below the intensity detectable with the human eye. A prototype FLO, used in 1969 to monitor the dynamic of water currents in the San Francisco area, was than 5 parts per
\nAirborne tests o a redesigned FLO, featuring an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity, permitted measurement of differences in the luminescence of trees containing geochemically anomalous concentrations of Colorado) and molybdenum (near Gardnerville, Nevada) trees growing in background areas nearby. In the tests near Denver, luminescence-contrast between stressed and non-stressed trees tended to be greater during periods when cloud cover was 10 percent or less; in most cases, contrast insignificant when cloud cover exceeded 10 percent. In other airborne test the FLO distinguished luminescing phosphate rock and gypsum from sands one and siltstone near Pine Mountain, California; dispersal of oil in a natural seep from uncontaminated sea water in the Santa Barbara Channel; cattle feed lot and municiple sewage effluents near Denver; and paper and phosphate processing effluents in eastern and central Florida.
\nProcedures employing a laboratory fluorescence spectrometer permit prediction of the detectivity with an FLO prior to monitoring an airborne test. Luminescence spectra of the material are corrected for wavelength variation in spectrometer source, detector sensitivity, and solar illumination. By comparing these results with the luminescence of a rhodamine WT dye standard, the luminescence .of the material may be expressed in terms of rhodamine dye equivalency at the wavelength of several Fraunhofer lines. The FLO detectivity may be assessed at each Fraunhofer line, and the optimum line for field observation of the material may be selected.
\nFuture work will include the integration of the FLO with a line scan imaging system in order to assess the contribution of two-dimensional spatial resolution to the interpretability and usefulness of luminescence data. It should also include 1) investigation of luminescence polarization of some materials, particularly metal stressed plants, 2) an assessment of the use of pulsed lasers to stimulate phosphorescence decay time in the nanosecond and microsecond ranges; and 3) a study to determine the feasibility of conducting an FLO experiment from the Space Shuttle or other spacecraft.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr76202","usgsCitation":"Watson, R.D., and Hemphill, W.R., 1976, Use of an airborne Fraunhofer line discriminator for the detection of solar stimulated luminescence: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-202, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76202.","productDescription":"85 p.","numberOfPages":"93","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/OFR76202.jpg"},{"id":310247,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0202/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Robert D.","contributorId":62605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":172877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemphill, William R.","contributorId":21970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":172876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16440,"text":"ofr7699 - 1976 - Ground water development and potential in Wadis Khulays and Fatimah, Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:09","indexId":"ofr7699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-99","title":"Ground water development and potential in Wadis Khulays and Fatimah, Saudi Arabia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7699","usgsCitation":"Ward, P.E., 1976, Ground water development and potential in Wadis Khulays and Fatimah, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-99, 22 leaves :maps ;27 cm.; (24 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7699.","productDescription":"22 leaves :maps ;27 cm.; (24 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dc1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Porter E.","contributorId":61294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Porter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19603,"text":"ofr76100 - 1976 - A brief hydrologic appraisal of the July 3-4, 1975, flash flood in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:36","indexId":"ofr76100","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-100","title":"A brief hydrologic appraisal of the July 3-4, 1975, flash flood in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada","docAbstract":"Heavy thunderstorm precipitation on the afternoon of July 3, 1975, between metropolitan Las Vegas and the mountains to the south, west, and north, caused flash flooding in the city area. Total storm precipitation equaled or exceeded 3 inches (76 mm) in some areas. The total storm yield on the area of significant runoff was probably between 20,000 and 25,000 acre-feet (2.5 x 107 m3 and 3.1 x 107 m3) of water. Of this amount, probably less than 3,000 acre-feet (37 x 106 m3) flowed directly to Lake Mead. \r\n\r\nPeak flows of Tropicana Wash, Flamingo Wash, Las Vegas Creek, and Las Vegas Wash were the highest ever determined. Flooding caused the loss of two lives and inflicted extensive property damage. Total damage was reportedly estimated by the Clark County Flood Control District at $4-5 million. \r\n\r\nProblems associated with sediment erosion, transportation, and deposition occurred throughout the flooded area. An unknown amount of the material transported during the flood was deposited in Lake Mead near the mouth of Las Vegas Wash. Lateral erosion appeared more prominent than vertical erosion along most major channels, except on Las Vegas Wash at Northshore Road where downcutting threatened the loss of the highway. Sediment deposits were particularly noticeable and troublesome in Flamingo Wash at Caesars Palace parking lot and on the Winterwood Golf Course near the junction of Flamingo Wash and Las Vegas Wash.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Clark County Flood Control Division, Dept. of Public Works,","doi":"10.3133/ofr76100","usgsCitation":"Katzer, T.L., Glancy, P.A., and Harmsen, L., 1976, A brief hydrologic appraisal of the July 3-4, 1975, flash flood in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-100, v, 40 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (47 p., 1 sheet, scales 1:24,000 and 1:62,500 - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76100.","productDescription":"v, 40 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (47 p., 1 sheet, scales 1:24,000 and 1:62,500 - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0100/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49070,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0100/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49071,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0100/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd497ae4b0b290850ef37b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katzer, T. L.","contributorId":15211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glancy, Patrick A.","contributorId":87113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glancy","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harmsen, Lynn","contributorId":19941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":17724,"text":"ofr7679 - 1976 - Strong-motion accelerograph station list; 1975","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17724,"text":"ofr7679 - 1976 - Strong-motion accelerograph station list; 1975","indexId":"ofr7679","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Strong-motion accelerograph station list; 1975"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":9103,"text":"ofr77374 - 1977 - Western hemisphere strong-motion accelerograph station list, 1976","indexId":"ofr77374","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Western hemisphere strong-motion accelerograph station list, 1976"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":9103,"text":"ofr77374 - 1977 - Western hemisphere strong-motion accelerograph station list, 1976","indexId":"ofr77374","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Western hemisphere strong-motion accelerograph station list, 1976"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr7679","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-79","title":"Strong-motion accelerograph station list; 1975","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7679","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Strong-motion accelerograph station list; 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-79, iv, 81 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7679.","productDescription":"iv, 81 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4bca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16395,"text":"ofr76256 - 1976 - Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16395,"text":"ofr76256 - 1976 - Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah","indexId":"ofr76256","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042638,"text":"70042638 - 1977 - Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah","indexId":"70042638","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70042638,"text":"70042638 - 1977 - Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah","indexId":"70042638","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T16:27:20","indexId":"ofr76256","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-256","title":"Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr76256","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., and Fields, F.K., 1976, Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-256, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76256.","productDescription":"71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fields, Fred K.","contributorId":69981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19973,"text":"ofr76480 - 1976 - Chemical characteristics of the major thermal springs of Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:37","indexId":"ofr76480","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-480","title":"Chemical characteristics of the major thermal springs of Montana","docAbstract":"Twenty-one thermal springs in western Montana were sampled for chemical, isotope, and gas compositions. Most of the springs issue dilute to slightly saline sodium-bicarbonate waters of neutral to slightly alkaline pH. A few of the springs issue sodium-mixed anion waters of near neutral pH. Fluoride concentrations are high in most of the thermal waters, up to 18 milligramsper litre, while F/Cl ratios range from 3/1 in the dilute waters to 1/10 in the slightly saline waters. Most of the springs are theoretically in thermodynamic equilibrium with respect to calcite and fluorite. Nitrogen is the major gas escaping from most of the hot springs; however, Hunters Hot Springs issue principally methane. The deuterium content of the hot spring waters is typical of meteoric water in western Montana. \r\n\r\nGeothermal calculations based on silica concentrations and Na-K-Ca ratios indicate that most of the springs are associated with low temperature aquifers (less than 100?C). Chalcedony may be controlling the silica concentrations in these low temperature aquifers even in 'granitic' terranes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr76480","usgsCitation":"Mariner, R.H., Presser, T.S., and Evans, W.C., 1976, Chemical characteristics of the major thermal springs of Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-480, iii, 31 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (38 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76480.","productDescription":"iii, 31 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (38 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0480/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49498,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0480/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e47c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Presser, T. S.","contributorId":93875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16392,"text":"ofr76325 - 1976 - A summary of petroleum potential, environmental geology, and the technology, time frame, and infrastructure for exploration and development of the western Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17566,"text":"ofr75536 - 1975 - A preliminary summary of petroleum potential, environmental geology, and the technology, time frame and infrastructure for exploration and development of the western Gulf of Alaska","indexId":"ofr75536","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"A preliminary summary of petroleum potential, environmental geology, and the technology, time frame and infrastructure for exploration and development of the western Gulf of Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":16392,"text":"ofr76325 - 1976 - A summary of petroleum potential, environmental geology, and the technology, time frame, and infrastructure for exploration and development of the western Gulf of Alaska","indexId":"ofr76325","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"A summary of petroleum potential, environmental geology, and the technology, time frame, and infrastructure for exploration and development of the western Gulf of Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-15T22:10:22.607539","indexId":"ofr76325","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-325","title":"A summary of petroleum potential, environmental geology, and the technology, time frame, and infrastructure for exploration and development of the western Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"This summary of the regional geology, petroleum potential, geologic hazards and time frame for exploration of the western Gulf of Alaska has been written to aid the Bureau of Land Management in preparing the Draft Environmental Impact Statement. A preliminary version was written in Sept., 1975.(von Huene and others, 1975) in support of the Call for Nominations, Proposed OCS Oil and Gas Lease Sale #46. Since that time, there has been a substantial increase in information as the result of a two-month examination of recent studies of the adjacent Gulf of Alaska Tertiary Province and a preliminary interpretation of some publicly available common depth point (CDP) seismic reflection data recently acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey. The main source of geologic and geophysical data used in the preparation of this summary is published and unpublished information of the U.S. Geological Survey (Plafker and others, 1975,Bruns and Plafker, 1975; Carlson, Bruns and Molnia, 1975; Carlson and Molnia, 1975; Core, Mattick, and Bayer, 1975; Molnia and Carlson, 1975 a & b; von Huene and others, 1975). Prior to 1975, data were gathered mainly for purposes other than for assessment of oil and gas resources and of the environmental consequences of exploration and development. A systematic survey for such an assessment is planned for the summer of 1976 and, therefore, this summary is tentative. Although the major problems and regional setting are discussed in this paper, a great deal more specific data and interpretations will begin to become available in about one year.
In this summary we consider the geology of a broad region on the continental shelf off the Kodiak group of islands and the Kenai Peninsula. We will concentrate on the area proposed for leasing in Sale #46. The area lies between about 56°N latitude and 60°N latitude (Fig. 1), and it measures approximately 660 km x 100 km. Water depths are generally less than 200 m.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr76325","usgsCitation":"von Huene, R.E., Bouma, A.H., Moore, G., Hampton, M.A., Smith, R., and Dolton, G., 1976, A summary of petroleum potential, environmental geology, and the technology, time frame, and infrastructure for exploration and development of the western Gulf of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-325, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76325.","productDescription":"92 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419847,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0325/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0325/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.15140967545932,\n 59.73589936037257\n ],\n [\n -153.15140967545932,\n 57.24044398727918\n ],\n [\n -138.52581347557668,\n 57.24044398727918\n ],\n [\n -138.52581347557668,\n 59.73589936037257\n ],\n [\n -153.15140967545932,\n 59.73589936037257\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a602f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":172765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouma, Arnold H.","contributorId":48172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouma","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, George","contributorId":95075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hampton, Monty A. mhampton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Monty","email":"mhampton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":172769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Rodney","contributorId":63828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Rodney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dolton, Gordon","contributorId":50509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolton","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":20540,"text":"ofr76375 - 1976 - Ground-water favorability and surficial geology of the Windham-Freeport area, Maine","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20540,"text":"ofr76375 - 1976 - Ground-water favorability and surficial geology of the Windham-Freeport area, Maine","indexId":"ofr76375","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water favorability and surficial geology of the Windham-Freeport area, Maine"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68083,"text":"ha564 - 1977 - Ground-water favorability and surficial geology of the Windham-Freeport area, Maine","indexId":"ha564","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water favorability and surficial geology of the Windham-Freeport area, Maine"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":68083,"text":"ha564 - 1977 - Ground-water favorability and surficial geology of the Windham-Freeport area, Maine","indexId":"ha564","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water favorability and surficial geology of the Windham-Freeport area, Maine"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr76375","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-375","title":"Ground-water favorability and surficial geology of the Windham-Freeport area, Maine","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr76375","usgsCitation":"Prescott, G., 1976, Ground-water favorability and surficial geology of the Windham-Freeport area, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-375, 20, [11] leaves :1 fold. ill., 2 fold. col. maps ;31 cm.; scale 1:62,500, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76375.","productDescription":"20, [11] leaves :1 fold. ill., 2 fold. col. maps ;31 cm.; scale 1:62,500","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, Glenn C.","contributorId":38126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"Glenn C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18039,"text":"ofr76513 - 1976 - Water availability, quality, and use in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T21:30:41.440183","indexId":"ofr76513","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-513","title":"Water availability, quality, and use in Alaska","docAbstract":"The Alaska Water Assessment, sponsored by the Water Resources Council, is a specific problem analysis for Alaska of the National Assessment of Water and Related Land Resources. The assessment addresses water and water-related land problems, present and future. It was felt that a supplementary report, as a part of the assessment, was needed to state in general terms the present hydrologic conditions, including the availability, quality, and use of both surface water and ground water in the Alaska region.
Alaska covers an area of 586,412 square miles, about one-fifth of the total area of the United States. Characteristic of parts of the region is the presence of permafrost. The physiography of Alaska ranges from low coastal plains of the Arctic and deltas of the major rivers to peaks of the Alaska Range. Climate in the State ranges from the maritime rain forests of southeast Alaska to the frozen desert of the Arctic. Mean annual runoff for the region is estimated at 1,260,000 cubic feet per second which includes an estimated 163,000 cubic feet per second of inflow from Canada.
The Alaska region has been divided into six hydrologic subregions and eighteen subareas. For each subarea, estimated mean annual runoff per square mile, suspended-sediment concentrations that can be expected during \"normal\" summer runoff and, where data are available, flood magnitudes and frequencies are illustrated on maps. Also illustrated are estimated ground-water yields in each subarea. Tables listing water quality of both ground water and surface water from selected wells and streams are also included. Water use according to the type of use is discussed, and estimates are given for the amounts used. Water-use categories in the State include domestic, irrigation, livestock, seafood processing, oil and gas development, petrochemical processing, pulp mills, hydroelectric, coal processing, steam electric, mineral processing, sand and gravel mining, and fish-hatchery operations. Also illustrated on maps are estimated ground-water yields in each subarea. Tables listing water quality of both ground water and surface water from selected wells and streams are also included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr76513","usgsCitation":"Balding, G., 1976, Water availability, quality, and use in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-513, xii, 236 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76513.","productDescription":"xii, 236 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411197,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15354.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":151045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0513/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359124,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0513/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balding, G. O.","contributorId":87135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balding","given":"G. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19916,"text":"ofr76382 - 1976 - Reconnaissance of ground-water resources of the Squaxin Island Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T14:26:37","indexId":"ofr76382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-382","title":"Reconnaissance of ground-water resources of the Squaxin Island Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"A supply of fresh ground water for the Squaxin Island Indian Reservation exists in saturated deposits underlying the 3.09-square-mile island, whereas surface-water supplies are practically nonexistent. Four test wells tapped a water-hearing zone of sand and gravel and had yields ranging from 27 to 170 gallons per minute, with drawdowns of about 5 feet to about 65 feet. Except for high concentrations of iron and manganese (which can be treated and reduced for domestic use), the water quality is good. Conditions for drain-field waste disposal (such as from septic tanks) are probably good in at least the northern two-thirds of the island. The potential for seawater encroachment into the water-bearing zones underlying the island is unknown but may be great in places. The danger of inducing encroachment can be minimized by maintaining pumping levels above sea level, using a network of several wells pumped intermittently into a storage facility, and spacing these wells to spread out the effects cf pumping. Monitoring of the water quality in all wells would help indicate early signs cf increasing chloride content that warn of impending seawater encroachment.
In the northern half of the island, where ground-water conditions are the most favorable, wells 100 tc 200 feet deep may yield 25 to 100 gallons per minute with minimum chances of seawater encroachment. The southern half of the island has a smaller apparent potential for ground-water development and an increased possibility of seawater encroachment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr76382","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Squaxin Island Indian Tribal Council","usgsCitation":"Lum, W.E., and Walters, K.L., 1976, Reconnaissance of ground-water resources of the Squaxin Island Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-382, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76382.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363687,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0382/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0382/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Squaxin Island Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.17596435546876,\n 47.02614213366051\n ],\n [\n -122.65823364257811,\n 47.02614213366051\n ],\n [\n -122.65823364257811,\n 47.342545069660225\n ],\n [\n -123.17596435546876,\n 47.342545069660225\n ],\n [\n -123.17596435546876,\n 47.02614213366051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lum, W. E. II","contributorId":81504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Kenneth Lyle","contributorId":32493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Lyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16261,"text":"ofr75676 - 1976 - Ground-water hydrology of the Cocoa well-field area, Orange County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:10","indexId":"ofr75676","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-676","title":"Ground-water hydrology of the Cocoa well-field area, Orange County, Florida","docAbstract":"The city of Cocoa, Brevard County, Florida, supplies water for much of central Brevard County including Cape Kennedy and Patrick Air Force Base. The water supply is obtained from a well field in east Orange County. Many of the easternmost wells in that well field yield salty water (chloride concentration greater than 250 milligrams per liter). The interface between the fresh and salty water in the west part of the well field occurs at a depth of about 1,400 feet. An upward hydraulic gradient exists between the the lower (salty) zones and the upper, or pumped zones of the Floridan aquifer in the west part of the well field. Secondary artesian aquifers in the well-field area are relatively high-yielding but are of limited areal extent. However, they are suitable as a source of water for supplemental supply or for artificially recharging the Floridan aquifer. Fresh water was transferred by siphon from a secondary artesian aquifer to the Floridan aquifer at 90 gallons per minute. Artificial recharge and recovery experiments show that it is feasible to retrieve fresh water stored in salty zones of the Floridan aquifer. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr75676","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Tibbals, C.H., and Frazee, J., 1976, Ground-water hydrology of the Cocoa well-field area, Orange County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-676, 67 p. :ill. ;28 cm.; (70 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75676.","productDescription":"67 p. :ill. ;28 cm.; (70 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tibbals, C. H.","contributorId":76316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbals","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frazee, J.M.","contributorId":44556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazee","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18929,"text":"ofr76391 - 1976 - Floods in Pennsylvania: A manual for estimation of their magnitude and frequency","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18929,"text":"ofr76391 - 1976 - Floods in Pennsylvania: A manual for estimation of their magnitude and frequency","indexId":"ofr76391","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in Pennsylvania: A manual for estimation of their magnitude and frequency"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047447,"text":"70047447 - 1977 - Floods in Pennsylvania: a manual for estimation of their magnitude and frequency","indexId":"70047447","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in Pennsylvania: a manual for estimation of their magnitude and frequency"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047447,"text":"70047447 - 1977 - Floods in Pennsylvania: a manual for estimation of their magnitude and frequency","indexId":"70047447","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in Pennsylvania: a manual for estimation of their magnitude and frequency"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-02T14:47:47.463295","indexId":"ofr76391","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-391","title":"Floods in Pennsylvania: A manual for estimation of their magnitude and frequency","docAbstract":"Regression equations are provided for estimation of flood magnitude and frequency on unregulated and unurbanized streams in Pennsylvania. Frequency-discharge profiles are shown for regulated reaches on eleven major streams. These regression equations and discharge profiles enable the design engineer to estimate flood-frequency characteristics for almost all streams that drain more than 2 square miles.
Ten regression models for eight flood-frequency regions consist of regression equations that relate floods for recurrence intervals of 2.33, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years to readily determinable drainage-basin characteristics. Individual equations include no more than two of the following drainage-basin characteristics as independent variables: drainage area, channel slope, percent of area which serves for storage of surface water, and index of average annual excess precipitation.
Standard errors of estimate for regression equations applicable to drainage areas of more than 15 square miles range from 16 to 33 percent. For smaller drainage areas, the highest standard error of estimate is 56 percent. The equations do not apply to streams whose drainage basins are highly urbanized or extensively strip mines; neither do they apply if runoff from more than 15 percent of the drainage basin upstream from the site of interest is regulated.
Peak discharges for recurrence intervals of 2.33, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years, as attenuated by installed and planned reservoirs, are presented for the principal regulated streams by means of discharge-frequency profiles.
Tables of drainage basin characteristics and discharge-frequency distributions are appended.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr76391","usgsCitation":"Flippo, H.N., 1976, Floods in Pennsylvania: A manual for estimation of their magnitude and frequency: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-391, Report: vi, 55 p.; 5 Plates: 23.71 x 20.43 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76391.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 55 p.; 5 Plates: 23.71 x 20.43 inches or 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flippo, Herbert N. Jr.","contributorId":36597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"Herbert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18936,"text":"ofr76472 - 1976 - Descriptions and chemical analyses for selected wells in the Central Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr76472","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-472","title":"Descriptions and chemical analyses for selected wells in the Central Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"The Sacramento Valley occupies the northern one-third of the Great Central Valley of California. The study area of this report includes about 1,200 square miles (3,100 square kilometers) adjacent to the Sacramento River from Knights Landing to Los Molinos, in parts of Yolo, Sutter, Colusa, Glenn, Butte, and Tehama Counties. Between April and August 1975, 559 wells were canvassed, and during September and October 1975, water samples were collected for chemical analysis from 209 of these wells. Field determinations of alkalinity, conductance, pH , and temperature were made on the site at the time of sampling. Samples were prepared in the field for shipment and analysis for individual constituents at the Geological Survey Central Laboratory, Salt Lake City, Utah. Descriptive data for water wells are listed, chemical data are tabulated, and the location of wells is shown on maps. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr76472","usgsCitation":"Fogelman, R.P., 1976, Descriptions and chemical analyses for selected wells in the Central Sacramento Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-472, iv, 71 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76472.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668c94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogelman, Ronald P.","contributorId":62597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogelman","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19779,"text":"ofr76498 - 1976 - Changes in the water supply in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Southwest Nebraska, from 1952-75","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T15:08:49","indexId":"ofr76498","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-498","title":"Changes in the water supply in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Southwest Nebraska, from 1952-75","docAbstract":"Use of ground water for irrigation has increased rapidly in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District in southwestern Nebraska in recent years. The principal aquifer being developed is composed of saturated and gravel of the Ogallala Formation of Tertiary age. Water-level declines of as much as 16 feet (4.9 meters) have occurred. Base flow of major streams draining the aquifer was reduced by as much as 19 percent between 1967 and 1975. Recoverable ground water in storage was reduced by about 1 percent. New withdrawal of ground water in 1975 was about 250 ,000 acre-feet (308 million cubic meters), compared with estimated recharge from precipitation of 176,000 acre-feet (217 million cubic meters). Water levels and streamflow will continue to decline if ground-water withdrawals continue at or greater than the 1975. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr76498","usgsCitation":"Lappala, E., 1976, Changes in the water supply in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, Southwest Nebraska, from 1952-75: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-498, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76498.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e671e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lappala, E.G.","contributorId":17996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lappala","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18967,"text":"ofr76249 - 1976 - Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18967,"text":"ofr76249 - 1976 - Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","indexId":"ofr76249","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1375,"text":"wsp2040 - 1976 - Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","indexId":"wsp2040","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1375,"text":"wsp2040 - 1976 - Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","indexId":"wsp2040","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr76249","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-249","title":"Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr76249","usgsCitation":"Frank, F.J., 1976, Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-249, 94 leaves (some folded) :ill. ;28 cm.; (98 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76249.","productDescription":"94 leaves (some folded) :ill. ;28 cm.; (98 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d993","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, F. J.","contributorId":95037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16208,"text":"ofr76402 - 1976 - Integration of geological remote-sensing techniques in subsurface analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T14:55:09","indexId":"ofr76402","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-402","title":"Integration of geological remote-sensing techniques in subsurface analysis","docAbstract":"Geological remote sensing is defined as the study of the Earth utilizing electromagnetic radiation which is either reflected or emitted from its surface in wavelengths ranging from 0.3 micrometre to 3 metres. The natural surface of the Earth is composed of a diversified combination of surface cover types, and geologists must understand the characteristics of surface cover types to successfully evaluate remotely-sensed data. In some areas landscape surface cover changes throughout the year, and analysis of imagery acquired at different times of year can yield additional geological information. Integration of different scales of analysis allows landscape features to be effectively interpreted. Interpretation of the static elements displayed on imagery is referred to as an image interpretation. Image interpretation is dependent upon: (1) the geologist's understanding of the fundamental aspects of image formation, and (2.) his ability to detect, delineate, and classify image radiometric data; recognize radiometric patterns; and identify landscape surface characteristics as expressed on imagery. A geologic interpretation integrates surface characteristics of the landscape with subsurface geologic relationships. Development of a geologic interpretation from imagery is dependent upon: (1) the geologist's ability to interpret geomorphic processes from their static surface expression as landscape characteristics on imagery, (2) his ability to conceptualize the dynamic processes responsible for the evolution 6f interpreted geologic relationships (his ability to develop geologic models). The integration of geologic remote-sensing techniques in subsurface analysis is illustrated by development of an exploration model for ground water in the Tucson area of Arizona, and by the development of an exploration model for mineralization in southwest Idaho.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr76402","usgsCitation":"Taranik, J.V., and Trautwein, C.M., 1976, Integration of geological remote-sensing techniques in subsurface analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-402, viii, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76402.","productDescription":"viii, 80 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":45142,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0402/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0402/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0f85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taranik, James V.","contributorId":67514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taranik","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trautwein, Charles M. trautwein@usgs.gov","contributorId":2861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"Charles","email":"trautwein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":172424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19840,"text":"ofr76354 - 1976 - Ground water in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T09:50:10","indexId":"ofr76354","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-354","title":"Ground water in Minnesota","docAbstract":"Ground water is the major source of water supply in Minnesota. The quantity, quality, and availability vary greatly throughout the State. This study describes the State's ground-water resources as found in each of seven major drainage basins.
\nWater is obtained from Quaternary glacial deposits and bedrock aquifers. Most supplies are from the drift except in the southeastern and extreme northeastern parts of the State. In the southeastern part, large quantities of water are withdrawn from sedimentary bedrock aquifers. In the northeastern part, Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks underlie the drift and ground-water availability is poor.
\nLarge quantities of water are available from surficial outwash, particularly in the central part of the State. Buried outwash aquifers are difficult to locate, delineate, and evaluate. Accordingly, few have been mapped.
\nWater quality in much of the State is suitable for most uses. Ground water is typically hard and high in iron, Water from deep drift and bedrock in the western part of the State is highly mineralized. It may contain excessive amounts of some constituents, such as sodium, chloride, sulfate, boron, and iron.
\nMost ground-water use is centered around cities, the largest amounts being withdrawn in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. Increasing amounts are being used for irrigation, most being obtained from shallow wells in the surficial outwash deposits.
\nAlthough Minnesota is generally rich in ground-water resources, it is not without associated problems. In the western part of the State, ground-water quality is often a problem, especially in deep aquifers. Throughout the State, few buried outwash aquifers have been delineated or evaluated as to their water-yielding capabilities. Some aquifers are highly susceptible to pollution. Planned development and monitoring of water levels and water quality would be beneficial.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr76354","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Division of Waters","usgsCitation":"Lindholm, G.F., and Norvitch, R.F., 1976, Ground water in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-354, vii, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76354.","productDescription":"vii, 100 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95438,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0354/report.pdf","size":"6282","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0354/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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