Two widely separated sites in California used for motorcycle hill-climbing were studied to evaluate the impact on the landscape and hydrology. At Panoche Hills in central California, an area formerly used by motorcycles together with an adjacent unused area were monitored from 1971 to 1975. Observations in both areas included measurements of precipitation, runoff, soil moisture, soil bulk density, plant cover, and erosion surveys. At Dove Spring Canyon in southern California erosion was measured on a site that is currently being used for motorcycle hill-climbing. At the Panoche Hills site, the area used by motorcycles produced about eight times as much runoff as the unused area. Similarly, sediment yield from the used areas was 857 cubic meters/sq km, while the quantity of sediment from the unused area was not measurable by standard methods. At the Dove Spring Canyon site, which is still being used for hill-climbing, erosion surveys show that degradation in trails has been as much as 0.3 m in the period 1973-75. Compaction of soils and reduction of permeability appears to be the most serious hydrologic impact of motorcycle use at Panoche Hills. Increased bulk density of soils reduces depth of moisture penetration which deprives plants of moisture needed for growth. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7699","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., Frickel, D., Hadley, R.F., and Miller, R., 1976, Effects of off-road vehicle use on the hydrology and landscape of arid environments in central and southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-99, iv, 45 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7699.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369494,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Dove Spring Canyon, Panoche Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.14624023437499,\n 35.14237113713991\n ],\n [\n -118.07556152343749,\n 35.14237113713991\n ],\n [\n -118.07556152343749,\n 36.6551995018735\n ],\n [\n -121.14624023437499,\n 36.6551995018735\n ],\n [\n -121.14624023437499,\n 35.14237113713991\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Charles T.","contributorId":53767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Charles T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frickel, D. G.","contributorId":11213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frickel","given":"D. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hadley, R. F.","contributorId":27028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadley","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, R.F.","contributorId":83882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25967,"text":"wri7651 - 1976 - Technical manual for estimating low-flow frequency characteristics of streams in the Susquehanna River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T08:52:18","indexId":"wri7651","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-51","title":"Technical manual for estimating low-flow frequency characteristics of streams in the Susquehanna River basin","docAbstract":"This report presents procedures for estimating low-flow frequency characteristics for streams in the Susquehanna River basin. The techniques can be used at ungaged sites as well as sites where insufficient data are available to make a reliable estimate. Streams have been divided intp two types--major and minor. Major streams are the Susquehanna, West Branch Susquehanna, Juniata, and Chemung Rivers. Points on these streams with drainage areas of more than 2,000 mi 2 (5,180 km 2 ) are included in this category. Points on these streams with drainage areas of less than 2,000 mi 2 fall into the minor stream category. Generally minor streams are herein defined as those draining less than 2,000 mi 2 (5,180 km 2 ). Multiple -regression techniques have been used to develop relations for estimating the 1-, 3-, 7-, 30-, and 183-day duration low flows at recurrence intervals of 10, 20, SO and 100 years for annual series data and the 1 - , 3-, 7-, and 30-day duration low flows, at the same recurrence intervals, for six individual months, May through October, inclusive.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7651","usgsCitation":"Armbruster, J.T., 1976, Technical manual for estimating low-flow frequency characteristics of streams in the Susquehanna River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-51, 71 p. :ill., map (fold. in pocket) ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7651.","productDescription":"71 p. :ill., map (fold. in pocket) ;26 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267199,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0051/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa31f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbruster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":37707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26349,"text":"wri7669 - 1976 - Availability and chemical characteristics of ground water in central La Plata County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri7669","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-69","title":"Availability and chemical characteristics of ground water in central La Plata County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The central part of La Plata County, Colo., has undergone rapid population growth in recent years. This growth has resulted in an increased demand for information for additional domestic, industrial, and municipal water supplies. A knowledge of the occurrence of ground water will permit a more efficient allocation of the resource. Aquifers in central La Plata County include: alluvium, Animas Formation of Quaternary and Tertiary age, Fruitland Formation, Pictured Cliffs Sandstone, three formations of the Mesa Verde Group, the Mancos Shale, Dakota Sandstone, Morrison Formation of Cretaceous and Jurassic age, and undifferentiated formations. Well yields generally are low, usually less than 25 gallons per minute. However, higher yields, 25 to 50 gallons per minute may be found locally in aquifers in the alluvium and the Animas Formation. The quality of water from the aquifers is dependent on rock type. Most of the water is a calcium bicarbonate type. However, aquifers that are predominantly fine-grained or contain interbeds of shale may contain sodium bicarbonate type water. The dissolution of minerals in the coal beds, which are present in the Mesa Verde Group and the Dakota Sandstone, can contribute high concentrations of iron, sulfate, and chloride to ground water. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri7669","usgsCitation":"Brogden, R., and Giles, T., 1976, Availability and chemical characteristics of ground water in central La Plata County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-69, 2 maps (1 col.) ;on sheet 82 x 95 cm. fold. in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7669.","productDescription":"2 maps (1 col.) ;on sheet 82 x 95 cm. fold. in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":55145,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0069/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667f34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brogden, R. E.","contributorId":43356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brogden","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giles, T.F.","contributorId":83096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25920,"text":"wri766 - 1976 - Water-resources reconnaissance of St George Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri766","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-6","title":"Water-resources reconnaissance of St George Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri766","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G.S., 1976, Water-resources reconnaissance of St George Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-6, iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri766.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Gary S.","contributorId":36534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25921,"text":"wri7541 - 1976 - Ground water in the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri7541","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-41","title":"Ground water in the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Ground water in the San Juan, Puerto Rico, area has played a declining role in water supply since the completion of the Lofza reservoir project in the early 1950's. Ground-water potential is limited because of the small size of the aquifers and susceptibility to seawater intrusion. Of the 30 million gallons per day about half is being used. Two water-bearing zones are present: an artesian aquifer, composed of the San Sebastian Formation and the lower Cibao Formation that yields an average of 244 gallons per minute to wells; and, a water-table aquifer composed of the upper Cibao Formation and the Aguada and Aymamon Limestones that yields an average of 515 gallons per minute to wells. Ground water is less mineralized inland and in the artesian aquifer. Mean concentrations of dissolved solids are 363 milligrams per liter for the artesian aquifer and 525 milligrams per liter for the water-table aquifer. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri7541","usgsCitation":"Anderson, H., 1976, Ground water in the San Juan metropolitan area, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 75-41, vi, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS: 107 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7541.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS: 107 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1975/0041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54679,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1975/0041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d8c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, H. R.","contributorId":67487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25120,"text":"cir717D - 1976 - Seismic engineering progress report, October-December 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"cir717D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"717","chapter":"D","title":"Seismic engineering progress report, October-December 1975","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir717D","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Seismic engineering progress report, October-December 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 717, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir717D.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0717d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54100,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0717d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26279,"text":"wri7679 - 1976 - The Meridian-upper Wilcox aquifer in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T09:55:00","indexId":"wri7679","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-79","title":"The Meridian-upper Wilcox aquifer in Mississippi","docAbstract":"The Meridian-upper Wilcox aquifer contains freshwater in a 15 ,000 sq mi area in northwestern and central Mississippi. The aquifer comprises the Meridian Sand Member of the Tallahatta Formation and discontinuous hydraulically connected sand beds in the upper part of the Wilcox Group. The aggregate sand thickness of the aquifer ranges from less than 50 ft to about 500 ft. The withdrawal of fresh water from the aquifer in Mississippi in 1975 was about 32 Mgal/d. Long-term water-level trends indicate an average decline of about 1 ft per year. Thick, permeable sand beds yield as much as 2,800 gal/min to wells and fresh water extends to depths of more than 2,000 ft. The aquifer is used extensively in areas where the dissolved-solids content exceeds 500 mg/liter; however, the most common problems in water supplies are excessive iron and corrosiveness. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7679","usgsCitation":"Boswell, E.H., 1976, The Meridian-upper Wilcox aquifer in Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-79, 3 Plates: 29.01 x 41.93 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7679.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 29.01 x 41.93 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365659,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0079/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365660,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0079/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365661,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0079/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0079/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Wilcox aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b92a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boswell, E. H.","contributorId":38954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":742,"text":"wsp2112 - 1976 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 4, St. Lawrence River basin, v. 2, St. Lawrence River basin below Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp2112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2112","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 4, St. Lawrence River basin, v. 2, St. Lawrence River basin below Lake Huron","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2112","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 4, St. Lawrence River basin, v. 2, St. Lawrence River basin below Lake Huron: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2112, viii, 738 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2112.","productDescription":"viii, 738 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2112/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25311,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db692069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":741,"text":"wsp2107 - 1976 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 3, Ohio River basin, v. 1, Ohio River basin above Kanawha River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp2107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2107","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 3, Ohio River basin, v. 1, Ohio River basin above Kanawha River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2107","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 3, Ohio River basin, v. 1, Ohio River basin above Kanawha River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2107, ix, 668 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2107.","productDescription":"ix, 668 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25310,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db69208f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1640,"text":"wsp2129 - 1976 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 11, Pacific slope basins in California, v. 2, Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2129","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2129","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 11, Pacific slope basins in California, v. 2, Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off., for sale by the Supt. of Docs.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2129","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 11, Pacific slope basins in California, v. 2, Basins from Arroyo Grande to Oregon State Line except Central Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2129, ix, 678 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2129.","productDescription":"ix, 678 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2129/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26707,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2129/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db69244f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1634,"text":"wsp2114 - 1976 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 5, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins, v. 2, Upper Mississippi River basin above Keokuk, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:14","indexId":"wsp2114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2114","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 5, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins, v. 2, Upper Mississippi River basin above Keokuk, Iowa","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"USGS,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2114","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 5, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins, v. 2, Upper Mississippi River basin above Keokuk, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2114, 785 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2114.","productDescription":"785 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26701,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699dd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":738,"text":"wsp2102 - 1976 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 1, North Atlantic slope basins, v. 2, Basins from New York to Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp2102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2102","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 1, North Atlantic slope basins, v. 2, Basins from New York to Delaware","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2102","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 1, North Atlantic slope basins, v. 2, Basins from New York to Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2102, x, 985 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2102.","productDescription":"x, 985 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25307,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db6941aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1375,"text":"wsp2040 - 1976 - Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18967,"text":"ofr76249 - 1976 - Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","indexId":"ofr76249","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1375,"text":"wsp2040 - 1976 - Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","indexId":"wsp2040","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T22:30:15.811618","indexId":"wsp2040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2040","title":"Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Harrisburg-Halsey area lies between the Cascade and Coast Ranges in the southern Willamette Valley in northwestern Oregon. The area consists of approximately 350 square miles (910 km2) and includes a part of the lower foothills of the Coast and Cascade Ranges. Volcanic and marine sedimentary units exposed in the foothills range in age from Eocene to Miocene. The volcanic rocks are primarily of dacitic and andesitic composition and yield only small quantities of water that are generally adequate only for domestic and stock use. The alluvial deposits (sand and gravel) of the valley plain contain the more productive aquifers in the area and yield most of the water that is pumped from wells in the area. Aquifers in the area are recharged principally by direct infiltration of precipitation. Most of the precipitation, which averages about 40 in. (1,020 mm) per year occurs during late autumn and winter. During 1974 the seasonal decline of water levels from winter to late summer averaged about 10 ft 13 m) for the alluvial deposits. The seasonal change of storage for 1974 was estimated to be about 170,000 acre-ft (210 hm3). Of this volume, about 14,300 acre-ft (17.6 hm3) was pumped from wells; the rest, about 156,000 acre-ft (190 hm3), was discharged naturally by seepage and spring flow to streams and by evapotranspiration. The difference between pumpage and natural discharge indicates that a large quantity of additional water is available for development. The storage capacity of the alluvial aquifers is estimated to be about 800,000 acre-ft (1,000 hm3) in the zone 10-100 ft (3-30 m} below land surface. Ground water from the alluvial deposits is chemically suitable for irrigation and other uses, as is most of the water obtained from perched-water bodies in the older sedimentary and volcanic rocks. However, the mineral concentration of water from the older sedimentary rocks, particularly from deeper producing zones beneath the valley plain, is greater than that of water from the alluvial deposits. Locally, some of the water from the older rocks is too saline for general use. Water samples from domestic wells were analyzed for fecal coliform bacteria. Although these analyses did not indicate ground-water pollution, further study would be required to establish that none exists in the area.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2040","usgsCitation":"Frank, F.J., 1976, Ground water in the Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2040, Report: iv, 45 p.; 1 Plate: 34.00 x 20.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2040.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 45 p.; 1 Plate: 34.00 x 20.17 inches","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26474,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26473,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2040/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Harrisburg-Halsey area, southern Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.383,\n 44.476\n ],\n [\n -123.383,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -122.873,\n 44.25\n ],\n [\n -122.873,\n 44.476\n ],\n [\n -123.383,\n 44.476\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, F. 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Off., for sale by the Supt. of Docs.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2130","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 11, Pacific slope basins in California, v. 3, southern Central Valley Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2130, viii, 670 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2130.","productDescription":"viii, 670 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26708,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":735,"text":"wsp2136 - 1976 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 15, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:09","indexId":"wsp2136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2136","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 15, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2136","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 15, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2136, vii, 428 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2136.","productDescription":"vii, 428 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2136/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25304,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2085,"text":"wsp2039B - 1976 - An appraisal of ground water for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14609,"text":"ofr7532 - 1975 - An appraisal of groundwater for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota","indexId":"ofr7532","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"An appraisal of groundwater for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2085,"text":"wsp2039B - 1976 - An appraisal of ground water for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota","indexId":"wsp2039B","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"An appraisal of ground water for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:00:16","indexId":"wsp2039B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2039","chapter":"B","title":"An appraisal of ground water for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Supplemental irrigation of well-drained sandy soils has prompted an evaluation of ground water in the Appleton area. Glacial drift aquifers are the largest source of ground water. The surficial outwash sand and gravel is the most readily available and the most areally extensive drift aquifer, and it underlies much of the sandy soil area. Saturated thickness of the outwash is more than 80 feet (24 m) in places, and potential well yields may exceed 1,200 gal/min (76 1/s) in some areas. In about 17 percent of the area, yields of more than 300 gal/min (19 1/s) are obtainable.
\nRecharge to the outwash aquifer occurs primarily during the spring thaw and averages about 5 inches (12.7 cm) annually. Most discharge from the aquifer appears as base flow in the Pomme de Terre River. Despite dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 280 to 1,350 mg/1, the water is chemically suitable for irrigation.
\nMathematical models of a part of the aquifer were made to evaluate the effects of 20 successive years of ground-water withdrawal for three irrigation-development patterns. It was estimated that the present annual withdrawal rate of 1,410 acre-ft (1.74 hm3) would result in water-level declines of less than 3 feet (0.9 m). However, annual withdrawals of 8,450 acre-ft (10.4 hm3) would cause aquifer dewatering and decreased well yields in some places. After a new state of equilibrium was established in response to withdrawals, most of the withdrawal would be supplied by diverted base flow from the Pomme de Terre River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2039B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the WesMin Resource Conservation and Development Project Committee and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters, Soils, and Minerals","usgsCitation":"Larson, S.P., 1976, An appraisal of ground water for irrigation in the Appleton area, west-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2039, Document: v, 34 p.; 3 Plates: 43.27 x 19.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2039B.","productDescription":"Document: v, 34 p.; 3 Plates: 43.27 x 19.00 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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P.","contributorId":78718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2079,"text":"wsp2038 - 1976 - Hydrology and environmental aspects of Erie Canal (1817-99)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2038","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2038","title":"Hydrology and environmental aspects of Erie Canal (1817-99)","docAbstract":"As the first major water project in the United States, the old Erie Canal provides an example of the hydrological and environmental consequences of water development. The available record shows that the project aroused environmental fears that the canal might be impaired by the adverse hydrologic effects of land development induced by the canal. Water requirements proved greater than anticipated, and problems of floods and hydraulic inefficiencies beset navigation throughout its history. The Erie Canal proved the practicality of major hydraulic works to the extent that operations and maintenance could cope with the burdens of deficiencies in design. \r\n\r\nThe weight of prior experience that upland streams, such as the Potomac and Mohawk Rivers, had proved unsatisfactory for dependable navigation, led to a decision to build an independent canal which freed the location from the constraints of river channels and made possible a cross-country water route directly to Lake Erie. \r\n\r\nThe decision on dimensioning the canal prism--chiefly width and depth-involved balance between a fear of building too small and thus not achieving the economic potentials, and a fear of building too expensively. The constraints proved effective, and for the first part of its history the revenues collected were sufficient to repay all costs. So great was the economic advantage of the canal that the rising trend in traffic soon induced an enlargement of the canal cross section, based upon a new but riskier objective-build as large as the projected trend in toll revenues would finance. The increased revenues did not materialize. \r\n\r\nWater supplies were a primary concern for both the planners and the operators of the canal. Water required for lockage, although the most obvious to the planners, proved to be a relatively minor item compared with the amounts of water that were required to compensate for leakage through the bed and banks of the canal. Leakage amounted to about 8 inches of depth per day. The total quantities of water taken into the canal made it the largest hydraulic undertaking of the 19th century in the United States. The diversion of water to factories that were attracted to the canal as a source of hydraulic power added to the water requirements. Although new feeders and reservoirs to extend the supply were built throughout the canal's history, these efforts to cope with water shortages were never fully successful. The primary cause of the persistent deficiencies in supply was the method used to estimate the available flow of the. streams during extended dry spells. Ad hoc, spot measurements of streamflow consistently led to overestimation of the dependable supply. \r\n\r\nThere was a persistent hydraulic problem as well. The cross section of the canal, especially when obstructed by many barges, was inadequate to convey the large volumes of water needed to maintain navigable depths over the long distances between feeders. \r\n\r\nThe major flood problem was caused by cross-drainage--the small creeks that crossed under the canal in culverts. Washout of culverts was a never-ending source of sporadic disruption of traffic of 1 or 2 weeks duration. Repairs and replacements could not cope with the problem created by deficiency in information ,about the flood potentials of 'the small streams. \r\n\r\nA fortunate occurrence of severe floods in 1817 at the start of canal construction provided such clear and persuasive evidence of the flood potentials of the, Mohawk River, which the canal followed for about 110 miles, so as to compel putting the canal at a high level in difficult terrain. \r\n\r\nEnvironmental anxieties, broached early in the planning of the canal, centered on the potentially adverse effects of land development and deforestation on floods, water supply, and erosion. The flow of rivers did not decrease as originally feared. Land use did not increase the intensity of flooding and so endanger the canal. Viewed first as a conveyor of pure water from Lake ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2038","usgsCitation":"Langbein, W.B., 1976, Hydrology and environmental aspects of Erie Canal (1817-99): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2038, vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2038.","productDescription":"vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2038/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27639,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6050f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, Walter Basil","contributorId":40581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"Basil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2318,"text":"wsp2043 - 1976 - Water in carbonate rocks of the Madison Group in southeastern Montana: A preliminary evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:53:53.074397","indexId":"wsp2043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2043","title":"Water in carbonate rocks of the Madison Group in southeastern Montana: A preliminary evaluation","docAbstract":"The Madison Group of Mississippian age comprises, from oldest to youngest, the Lodgepole and Mission Canyon Limestones and the Charles Formation. The Madison crops out in the Bighorn and Pryor Mountains and in the mountains west of the study area. These rocks consist of cyclically deposited normal-marine carbonates and restricted-marine carbonates and evaporites. The Madison ranges in thickness from about 700 feet (210 metres) in the Bighorn Mountains to about 2,000 feet (610 metres) in the Williston basin. The top of the Madison ranges in depth from land surface in the mountains to about 10,000 feet (3,000 metres) below land surface along the MontanaWyoming border. \r\n\r\nThe potentiometric surface of water in the Madison Group slopes northeastward from the outcrops. Potentiometric lows occur in the Cat Creek anticline-Porcupine dome area along the Bighorn River and at the north end of Powder River basin. Potentiometric highs occur in outcrop areas, on the interstream divide between the Bighorn, Tongue, and Yellowstone Rivers, and along the Cedar Creek anticline. The potentiometric surface ranges from 1,200 feet (370 metres) below land surface in the topographically high areas in the southern part of the area to 1,000 feet (300 metres) above land surface along the Yellowstone River. \r\n\r\nYields from wells range from about 50 gallons per minute (3 litres per second) at several places to a reported 1,400 gallons per minute (88 litres per second) from a flowing well on the north side of the Porcupine dome. Yields estimated or reported from drill-stem tests range from about 1 to 157 gallons per minute {0.1 to 9.9 litres per second). Water from the Madison generally contains less than 3,000 milligrams per litre dissolved solids south of T. 1 N., and from 3,000 to 10,000 milligrams per litre in most of the remaining area; in the Williston basin the concentration increases to more than 100,000 milligrams per litre. In the southeastern and southwestern parts of the area, calcium, magnesium, and sulfate ions constitute more than 75 percent of the dissolved constituents, in milliequivalents per litre. North of about T. 8 N., sodium, potassium, and chloride ions constitute more than 50 percent of the dissolved constituents; in the Williston basin, sodium, potassium, and chloride ions constitute more than 75 percent of the total.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2043","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., 1976, Water in carbonate rocks of the Madison Group in southeastern Montana: A preliminary evaluation: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2043, Report: v, 51 p.; Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2043.","productDescription":"Report: v, 51 p.; Table","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":94720,"rank":2,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2043/plate-table_2.pdf","text":"Table 2","size":"1030","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410241,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25545.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2043/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Madison Group","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.5,\n 47.517\n ],\n [\n -108.5,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -104.0540,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -104.0540,\n 47.517\n ],\n [\n -108.5,\n 47.517\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. Roger","contributorId":60191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2195,"text":"wsp1817F - 1976 - Organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations and annual organic carbon load of six selected rivers of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp1817F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1817","chapter":"F","title":"Organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations and annual organic carbon load of six selected rivers of the United States","docAbstract":"The organic carbon load during 1969-70 of each of the six rivers in this study is substantial. The 3.4-billion-kilogram (3.7-million-ton) and 47-million-kilogram (52-thousandton) annual organic carbon loads of the Mississippi River and the Brazos River (Tex.), respectively, were approximately equally distributed between dissolved and suspended phases, whereas the 725-million-kilogram (79.8-million-ton) organic load of the Missouri River was primarily in the suspended phase. The major portion of the 6.4-million-kilogram (7.3 thousand-ton) and the 19-million-kilogram (21-thousand-ton) organic carbon loads of the Sopchoppy River (Fla.) and the Neuse River (N.C.), respectively, was in the dissolved phase. \r\n\r\nDOC (dissolved organic carbon) concentrations in most rivers were usually less than 8 milligrams per litre. SOC (suspended organic carbon) concentrations fluctuated markedly with discharge, ranging between 1 and 14 percent, by weight, in sediment of most rivers. DOC concentrations were found to be independent of discharge, whereas SOC and SIC (suspended inorganic carbon) concentrations were positively correlated with discharge. Seasonal fluctuations in DOC and SOC were exhibited by the Missouri, Neuse, Ohio, and Brazos Rivers, but both SOC and DOC concentrations were relatively constant throughout the year in the Mississippi and Sopchoppy Rivers. \r\n\r\nThe carbon-nitrogen ratio in the sediment phase of all river waters averaged less than 8 1 as compared with 12:1 or greater for most soils. This high nitrogen content shows a nitrogen enrichment of the stream sediment over that in adjacent soils, which suggests that different decomposition and humification processes are operating in streams than in the soils. The abundance of organic material in the dissolved and suspended phase of all river waters in this study indicate a large capacity factor for various types of organic reactivity within all streams and the quantitative importance of organic constituents in relation to the water quality of rivers and streams.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1817F","usgsCitation":"Malcolm, R., and Durum, W.H., 1976, Organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations and annual organic carbon load of six selected rivers of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1817, iv, 21 p. ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1817F.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1817f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27837,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1817f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f1001","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":105,"text":"wsp2172 - 1976 - Ground-water levels in the United States, 1970-74, South-central states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:10","indexId":"wsp2172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2172","title":"Ground-water levels in the United States, 1970-74, South-central states","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2172","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Ground-water levels in the United States, 1970-74, South-central states: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2172, v, 172 :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2172.","productDescription":"v, 172 :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24710,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667553","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2576,"text":"wsp1798N - 1976 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15597,"text":"ofr7526 - 1975 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run basin, central Pennsylvania","indexId":"ofr7526","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run basin, central Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2576,"text":"wsp1798N - 1976 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania","indexId":"wsp1798N","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"chapter":"N","title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-19T14:06:02","indexId":"wsp1798N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1798","chapter":"N","title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Rainfall, streamflow, stream chemical, and sediment discharge data were collected from Bixler Run near Loysville, Pa., during the period from February 1954 to September 1969 as part of a project to evaluate sediment discharge from an agricultural area in which soil-conservation techniques were being adopted at a moderate rate. The study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, State Conservation Commission. \r\n\r\nSediment yields from the basin averaged 64 tons per square mile (22 tonnes per square kilometre) per year, approximately 25 percent less than yields from the surrounding area. The relation between water discharge and suspended-sediment discharge remained constant during the study. Suspended-sediment concentrations in the streamflow were less than 10 milligrams per litre 70 percent of the time. The concentration of chloride ions in the streamflow increased from 1959 to 1969. Ground water maintained flows at the gaging location at a rate of 1.9 cubic feet per second (0.054 cubic metres per second) during the period of data collection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1798N","usgsCitation":"Reed, L.A., 1976, Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1798, v, 20 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1798N.","productDescription":"v, 20 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28852,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798n/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605056","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Lloyd A.","contributorId":79861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2688,"text":"wsp1798O - 1976 - Sediment characteristics of streams in the eastern Piedmont and western Coastal Plain regions of North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T10:11:16","indexId":"wsp1798O","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1798","chapter":"O","title":"Sediment characteristics of streams in the eastern Piedmont and western Coastal Plain regions of North Carolina","docAbstract":"The sediment-transport characteristics of streams were determined in a 15,500-square-kilometre (6,000-square-mile) area of the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions of eastern North Carolina during 1969-73. The study covered all or parts of 21 counties and included data for 28 sediment-sampling stations in parts of 4 major river basins?the Roanoke, Pamlico, Neuse, and Cape Fear. Annual suspended-sediment yields ranged from 117 to 4.2 tonnes per square kilometre (333 to 12 tons per square mile). Streams in the Piedmont region have the highest yields. Suspended-sediment yield decreases in an eastward direction from the Piedmont to the Coastal Plain region.\r\n\r\nSediment characteristics are directly affected by topography, storm runoff, geology, land use, and man-made detention structures. At one sampling station in the 1973 water year 44 percent of the suspended sediment tonnage was transported during 34 days of high flow. In the Piedmont region, sediment yields vary indirectly with the percentage of forest cover in the basin, but there appears to be no definite relationship between forest cover and sediment yield in the Coastal Plain region. Large lakes act as sediment-detention reservoirs. Average annual sediment yields ranged from 34 to 117 tonnes per square kilometre (98 to 333 tons per square mile) for 3 headwater streams which flow into Hyco Lake in Person County; however, the yield for the station less than 3.2 kilometres (2 miles) downstream from Hyco Dam was about 4.2 tonnes per square kilometre (12 tons per square mile).\r\n\r\nMost suspended sediment during floods in Piedmont streams ranges in size from sand to silt, whereas the suspended material in flooding streams in the Coastal Plain is generally clay size.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1798O","usgsCitation":"Simmons, C.E., 1976, Sediment characteristics of streams in the eastern Piedmont and western Coastal Plain regions of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1798, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1798O.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798o/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29045,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798o/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.92529296875,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -77.178955078125,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -77.178955078125,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -80.92529296875,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -80.92529296875,\n 35.24561909420681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a136","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simmons, Clyde E.","contributorId":71528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":221,"text":"wsp2158 - 1976 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Parts 9 and 10, Colorado River basin and The Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp2158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2158","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Parts 9 and 10, Colorado River basin and The Great Basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2158","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Parts 9 and 10, Colorado River basin and The Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2158, x, 371 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2158.","productDescription":"x, 371 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2158/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24832,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651818","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1630,"text":"wsp2128 - 1976 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-1970, Part 11, Pacific slope basins in California, v. 1, basins from Tijuana River to Santa Maria River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:14","indexId":"wsp2128","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2128","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-1970, Part 11, Pacific slope basins in California, v. 1, basins from Tijuana River to Santa Maria River","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off. ; for sale by the Supt. of Docs.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2128","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-1970, Part 11, Pacific slope basins in California, v. 1, basins from Tijuana River to Santa Maria River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2128, viii, 552 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2128.","productDescription":"viii, 552 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2128/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26697,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db6924c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2578,"text":"wsp1798M - 1976 - Sediment characteristics of five streams near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, before highway construction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-19T14:06:50","indexId":"wsp1798M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1798","chapter":"M","title":"Sediment characteristics of five streams near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, before highway construction","docAbstract":"Rainfall, streamflow, sediment, and turbidity data are being collected as part of a study to evaluate the effects of highway construction on sediment discharge. The study is also designed to determine the effectiveness of different erosion-control measures in reducing sediment discharges. The study area, near Enola, Pa., consists of five adjacent drainage basins, four of which will be crossed by Interstate 81. Ninety percent of the land in each of the basins is in forest or grass. Active farmland accounts for less than 10 percent, and the remainder is in roadways and buildings. The major factor affecting sediment concentrations and discharges was the construction of a one-lane roadway and a 5-acre (2 hm2) farm pond in basin 2. Approximately 100 tons (90 t) of sediment was discharged by the stream as a result of the roadway and pond construction.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1798M","usgsCitation":"Reed, L.A., 1976, Sediment characteristics of five streams near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, before highway construction: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1798, v, 29 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1798M.","productDescription":"v, 29 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798m/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28854,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Lloyd A.","contributorId":79861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}