We examined the utility of δ18O2 measurements in estimating gross primary production (P), community respiration (R), and net metabolism (P : R) through diel cycles in a productive agricultural stream located in the midwestern U.S.A. Large diel swings in O2(±200 µmol L−1) were accompanied by large diel variation in δ18O2 (±10‰). Simultaneous gas transfer measurements and laboratory‐derived isotopic fractionation factors for O2during respiration (αr) were used in conjunction with the diel monitoring of O2 and δ18O2to calculate P, R, and P :R using three independent isotope‐based methods. These estimates were compared to each other and against the traditional “open‐channel diel O2‐change” technique that lacked δ18O2. A principal advantage of the δ18O2 measurements was quantification of diel variation in R, which increased by up to 30% during the day, and the diel pattern in R was variable and not necessarily predictable from assumed temperature effects on R. The P, R, and P :R estimates calculated using the isotope‐based approaches showed high sensitivity to the assumed system fractionation factor (αr). The optimum modeled ar values (0.986‐0.989) were roughly consistent with the laboratory‐derived values, but larger (i.e., less fractionation) than αr values typically reported for enzyme‐limited respiration in open water environments. Because of large diel variation in O2, P :R could not be estimated by directly applying the typical steady‐state solution to the O2 and 18O‐O2 mass balance equations in the absence of gas transfer data. Instead, our results indicate that a modified steady‐state solution (the daily mean value approach) could be used with time‐averaged O2 and δ18O2 measurements to calculate P :R independent of gas transfer. This approach was applicable under specifically defined, net heterotrophic conditions. The diel cycle of increasing daytime R and decreasing nighttime R was only partially explained by temperature variation, but could be consistent with the diel production/consumption of labile dissolved organic carbon from photosynthesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2007.52.4.1439","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Tobias, C., Bohlke, J.K., and Harvey, J.W., 2007, The oxygen-18 isotope approach for measuring aquatic metabolism in high-productivity waters: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 52, no. 4, p. 1439-1453, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.4.1439.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1439","endPage":"1453","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477139,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.4.1439","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae7ae4b08c986b324114","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tobias, Craig R.","contributorId":23410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobias","given":"Craig R.","affiliations":[{"id":32398,"text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182816,"text":"70182816 - 2007 - Contaminated salmon and the public's trust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T12:54:37","indexId":"70182816","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminated salmon and the public's trust","docAbstract":"Scientific uncertainties often make it difficult for environmental policy makers to determine how to communicate risks to the public. A constructive, holistic, multisectoral dialogue about an issue can improve understanding of uncertainties from different perspectives and clarify options for risk communication. Many environmental issues could benefit from explicit promotion of such a dialogue. When issues are complex, unconstructive advocacy, narrow focus, and exclusion of selected parties from decision making can erode public trust in science and lead to cynicism about the policies of government and the private sector.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es072497j","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Lofstedt, R.E., 2007, Contaminated salmon and the public's trust: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1811-1814, https://doi.org/10.1021/es072497j.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1814","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a42e4b01ccd54ff3fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lofstedt, Ragnar E.","contributorId":184251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lofstedt","given":"Ragnar","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030804,"text":"70030804 - 2007 - Effects of imposed salinity gradients on dissimilatory arsenate reduction, sulfate reduction, and other microbial processes in sediments from two California soda lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-28T11:57:59.353724","indexId":"70030804","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of imposed salinity gradients on dissimilatory arsenate reduction, sulfate reduction, and other microbial processes in sediments from two California soda lakes","docAbstract":"Concentrations of many anthropogenic contaminants in the San Francisco Estuary exist at levels that have been associated with biological effects elsewhere, so there is a potential for them to cause biological effects in the Estuary. The purpose of this paper is to summarize information about biological effects on the Estuary's plankton, benthos, fish, birds, and mammals, gathered since the early 1990s, focusing on key accomplishments. These studies have been conducted at all levels of biological organization (sub-cellular through communities), but have included only a small fraction of the organisms and contaminants of concern in the region. The studies summarized provide a body of evidence that some contaminants are causing biological impacts in some biological resources in the Estuary. However, no general patterns of effects were apparent in space and time, and no single contaminant was consistently related to effects among the biota considered. These conclusions reflect the difficulty in demonstrating biological effects due specifically to contamination because there is a wide range of sensitivity to contaminants among the Estuary's many organisms. Additionally, the spatial and temporal distribution of contamination in the Estuary is highly variable, and levels of contamination covary with other environmental factors, such as freshwater inflow or sediment-type. Federal and State regulatory agencies desire to develop biological criteria to protect the Estuary's biological resources. Future studies of biological effects in San Francisco Estuary should focus on the development of meaningful indicators of biological effects, and on key organism and contaminants of concern in long-term, multifaceted studies that include laboratory and field experiments to determine cause and effect to adequately inform management and regulatory decisions.
Phytoplankton communities in 30 northern Missouri and Iowa lakes were physically separated into 5 size classes (>100 µm, 53-100 µm, 35-53 µm, 10-35 µm, 1-10 µm) during 15-21 August 2004 to determine the distribution of microcystin (MC) in size fractionated lake samples and assess how net collections influence estimates of MC concentration. MC was detected in whole water (total) from 83% of lakes sampled, and total MC values ranged from 0.1-7.0 µg/L (mean = 0.8 µg/L). On average, MC in the >100 µm size class comprised ~40% of total MC, while other individual size classes contributed 9-20% to total MC. MC values decreased with size class and were significantly greater in the >100 µm size class (mean = 0.5 µg/L) than the 35-53 µm (mean = 0.1 µg/L), 10-35 µm (mean = 0.0µg/L), and 1-10 µm (mean = 0.0 µg/L) size classes (p < 0.01). MC values in nets with 100-µm, 53-µm, 35-µm, and 10-µm mesh were cumulatively summed to simulate the potential bias of measuring MC with various size plankton nets. On average, a 100-µm net underestimated total MC by 51%, compared to 37% for a 53-µm net, 28% for a 35-µm net, and 17% for a 10-µm net. While plankton nets consistently underestimated total MC, concentration of algae with net sieves allowed detection of MC at low levels (≤0.01 µg/L); 93% of lakes had detectable levels of MC in concentrated samples. Thus, small mesh plankton nets are an option for documenting MC occurrence, but whole
water samples should be collected to characterize total MC concentrations.
Water-rights driven surface-water allocations for irrigated agriculture can be simulated using the farm process for MODFLOW-2000. This paper describes and develops a model, which simulates routed surface-water deliveries to farms limited by streamflow, equal-appropriation allotments, or a ranked prior-appropriation system. Simulated diversions account for deliveries to all farms along a canal according to their water-rights ranking and for conveyance losses and gains. Simulated minimum streamflow requirements on diversions help guarantee supplies to senior farms located on downstream diverting canals. Prior appropriation can be applied to individual farms or to groups of farms modeled as “virtual farms” representing irrigation districts, irrigated regions in transboundary settings, or natural vegetation habitats. The integrated approach of jointly simulating canal diversions, surface-water deliveries subject to water-rights constraints, and groundwater allocations is verified on numerical experiments based on a realistic, but hypothetical, system of ranked virtual farms. Results are discussed in light of transboundary water appropriation and demonstrate the approach’s suitability for simulating effects of water-rights hierarchies represented by international treaties, interstate stream compacts, intrastate water rights, or ecological requirements.
Effects of flooding on water transport in mangroves have previously been investigated in a few studies, most of which were conducted on seedlings in controlled settings. In this study, we used heat-dissipation sap probes to determine if sap flow (Js) attenuates with radial depth into the xylem of mature trees of three south Florida mangrove species growing in Rookery Bay. This was accomplished by inserting sap probes at multiple depths and monitoring diurnal flow. For most species and diameter size class combinations tested, Js decreased dramatically beyond a radial depth of 2 or 4 cm, with little sap flow beyond a depth of 6 cm. Mean Js was reduced on average by 20% in Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. and Rhizophora mangle L. trees when soils were flooded. Species differences were highly significant, with L. racemosahaving the greatest midday Js of about 26g H2O H2O m−2s−1 at a radial depth of 2 cm compared with a mean for the other two species of about 15 g H2O m−2s−1. Sap flow at a depth of 2 cm in mangroves was commensurate with rates reported for other forested wetland tree species. We conclude that: (1) early spring flooding of basin mangrove forests causes reductions in sap flow in mature mangrove trees; (2) the sharp attenuations in Js along the radial profile have implications for understanding whole-tree water use strategies by mangrove forests; and (3) regardless of flood state, individual mangrove tree water use follows leaf-level mechanisms in being conservative.
","language":"English","publisher":"Heron Publishing","publisherLocation":"Victoria, Canada","doi":"10.1093/treephys/27.5.775","issn":"0829318X","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., Young, P.J., Chambers, J., Doyle, T.W., and Twilley, R.R., 2007, Sap flow characteristics of neotropical mangroves in flooded and drained soils: Tree Physiology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 775-783, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/27.5.775.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"783","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/27.5.775","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Naples","otherGeospatial":"Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.70171737670898,\n 26.0476453755423\n ],\n [\n -81.70171737670898,\n 26.051770837572064\n ],\n [\n -81.70025825500488,\n 26.051770837572064\n ],\n [\n -81.70025825500488,\n 26.0476453755423\n ],\n [\n -81.70171737670898,\n 26.0476453755423\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86bce4b08c986b3160d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, P. Joy","contributorId":168577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Joy","affiliations":[{"id":25282,"text":"School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":424454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chambers, Jim L.","contributorId":16498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Jim L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doyle, Thomas W. 0000-0001-5754-0671 doylet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Thomas","email":"doylet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twilley, Robert R.","contributorId":34585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twilley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":424455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031284,"text":"70031284 - 2007 - Linkages between Alaskan sockeye salmon abundance, growth at sea, and climate, 1955-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70031284","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linkages between Alaskan sockeye salmon abundance, growth at sea, and climate, 1955-2002","docAbstract":"We tested the hypothesis that increased growth of salmon during early marine life contributed to greater survival and abundance of salmon following the 1976/1977 climate regime shift and that this, in turn, led to density-dependent reductions in growth during late marine stages. Annual measurements of Bristol Bay (Bering Sea) and Chignik (Gulf of Alaska) sockeye salmon scale growth from 1955 to 2002 were used as indices of body growth. During the first and second years at sea, growth of both stocks tended to be higher after the 1976-1977 climate shift, whereas growth during the third year and homeward migration was often below average. Multiple regression models indicated that return per spawner of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon and adult abundance of western and central Alaska sockeye salmon were positively correlated with growth during the first 2 years at sea and negatively correlated with growth during later life stages. After accounting for competition between Bristol Bay sockeye and Asian pink salmon, age-specific adult length of Bristol Bay salmon increased after the 1976-1977 regime shift, then decreased after the 1989 climate shift. Late marine growth and age-specific adult length of Bristol Bay salmon was exceptionally low after 1989, possibly reducing their reproductive potential. These findings support the hypothesis that greater marine growth during the first 2 years at sea contributed to greater salmon survival and abundance, which in turn led to density-dependent growth during later life stages when size-related mortality was likely lower. Our findings provide new evidence supporting the importance of bottom-up control in marine ecosystems and highlight the complex dynamics of species interactions that continually change as salmon grow and mature in the ocean. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.016","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Ruggerone, G., Nielsen, J., and Bumgarner, J., 2007, Linkages between Alaskan sockeye salmon abundance, growth at sea, and climate, 1955-2002: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 54, no. 23-26, p. 2776-2793, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.016.","startPage":"2776","endPage":"2793","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212585,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.016"},{"id":240090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"23-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47cbe4b0c8380cd679a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruggerone, G.T.","contributorId":83253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggerone","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bumgarner, J.","contributorId":35950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030989,"text":"70030989 - 2007 - Methods to assess natural and anthropogenic thaw lake drainage on the western Arctic coastal plain of northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T18:02:53","indexId":"70030989","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods to assess natural and anthropogenic thaw lake drainage on the western Arctic coastal plain of northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Thousands of lakes are found on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska and northwestern Canada. Developed atop continuous permafrost, these thaw lakes and associated drained thaw lake basins are the dominant landscape elements and together cover 46% of the 34,570 km2western Arctic Coastal Plain (WACP). Lakes drain by a variety of episodic processes, including coastal erosion, stream meandering, and headward erosion, bank overtopping, and lake coalescence. Comparison of Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) imagery from the mid-1970s to Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper (ETM+) imagery from around 2000 shows that 50 lakes completely or partially drained over the approximately 25 year period, indicating landscape stability. The lake-specific drainage mechanism can be inferred in some cases and is partially dependant on geographic settings conducive to active erosion such as riparian and coastal zones. In many cases, however, the cause of drainage is unknown. The availability of high-resolution aerial photographs for the Barrow Peninsula extends the record back to circa 1950; mapping spatial time series illustrates the dynamic nature of lake expansion, coalescence, and drainage. Analysis of these historical images suggests that humans have intentionally or inadvertently triggered lake drainage near the village of Barrow. Efforts to understand landscape processes and identify events have been enhanced by interviewing Iñupiaq elders and others practicing traditional subsistence lifestyles. They can often identify the year and process by which individual lakes drained, thereby providing greater dating precision and accuracy in assessing the causal mechanism. Indigenous knowledge has provided insights into events, landforms, and processes not previously identified or considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2006JF000584","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hinkel, K.M., Jones, B.M., Eisner, W.R., Cuomo, C., Beck, R., and Frohn, R., 2007, Methods to assess natural and anthropogenic thaw lake drainage on the western Arctic coastal plain of northern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 112, no. 2, F02S16: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000584.","productDescription":"F02S16: 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211698,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000584"}],"volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a560be4b0c8380cd6d32c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":15405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eisner, Wendy R.","contributorId":35497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cuomo, Chris J.","contributorId":57658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuomo","given":"Chris J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beck, R.A.","contributorId":44246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frohn, R.","contributorId":101078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohn","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031420,"text":"70031420 - 2007 - Ecosystem N distribution and δ15N during a century of forest regrowth after agricultural abandonment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T13:33:51","indexId":"70031420","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem N distribution and δ15N during a century of forest regrowth after agricultural abandonment","docAbstract":"Stable isotope ratios of terrestrial ecosystem nitrogen (N) pools reflect internal processes and input–output balances. Disturbance generally increases N cycling and loss, yet few studies have examined ecosystem δ15N over a disturbance-recovery sequence. We used a chronosequence approach to examine N distribution and δ15N during forest regrowth after agricultural abandonment. Site ages ranged from 10 to 115 years, with similar soils, climate, land-use history, and overstory vegetation (white pine Pinus strobus). Foliar N and δ15N decreased as stands aged, consistent with a progressive tightening of the N cycle during forest regrowth on agricultural lands. Over time, foliar δ15N became more negative, indicating increased fractionation along the mineralization–mycorrhizal–plant uptake pathway. Total ecosystem N was constant across the chronosequence, but substantial internal N redistribution occurred from the mineral soil to plants and litter over 115 years (>25% of ecosystem N or 1,610 kg ha−1). Temporal trends in soil δ15N generally reflected a redistribution of depleted N from the mineral soil to the developing O horizon. Although plants and soil δ15N are coupled over millennial time scales of ecosystem development, our observed divergence between plants and soil suggests that they can be uncoupled during the disturbance-regrowth sequence. The approximate 2‰ decrease in ecosystem δ15N over the century scale suggests significant incorporation of atmospheric N, which was not detected by traditional ecosystem N accounting. Consideration of temporal trends and disturbance legacies can improve our understanding of the influence of broader factors such as climate or N deposition on ecosystem N balances and δ15N.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-007-9087-y","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Compton, J., Hooker, T., and Perakis, S., 2007, Ecosystem N distribution and δ15N during a century of forest regrowth after agricultural abandonment: Ecosystems, v. 10, no. 7, p. 1197-1208, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9087-y.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1197","endPage":"1208","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212562,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9087-y"},{"id":240064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0599e4b0c8380cd50e75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Compton, J.E.","contributorId":57430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Compton","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooker, T.D.","contributorId":73411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooker","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perakis, S.S.","contributorId":82039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030148,"text":"70030148 - 2007 - New estimates for Io eruption temperatures: Implications for the interior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-07T10:56:40","indexId":"70030148","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New estimates for Io eruption temperatures: Implications for the interior","docAbstract":"The initial interpretation of Galileo data from Jupiter's moon, Io, suggested eruption temperatures ≥1600°C. Tidal heating models have difficulties explaining Io's prodigious heat flow if the mantle is >1300°C, although we suggest that temperatures up to ~1450°C may be possible. In general, Io eruption temperatures have been overestimated because the incorrect thermal model has been applied. Much of the thermal emission from high-temperature hot spots comes from lava fountains but lava flow models were utilized. We apply a new lava fountain model to the highest reported eruption temperature, the SSI observation of the 1997 eruption at Pillan. This resets the lower temperature limit for the eruption from ~1600 to ~1340°C . Additionally, viscous heating of the magma may have increased eruption temperature by ~50-100°C as a result of the strong compressive stresses in the ionian lithosphere. While further work is needed, it appears that the discrepancy between observations and interior models is largely resolved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.008","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Keszthelyi, L., Jaeger, W.L., Milazzo, M.P., Radebaugh, J., Davies, A., and Mitchell, K.L., 2007, New estimates for Io eruption temperatures: Implications for the interior: Icarus, v. 192, no. 2, p. 491-502, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"502","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Io","volume":"192","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6574e4b0c8380cd72bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mitchell, Karl L.","contributorId":64785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030162,"text":"70030162 - 2007 - A land-cover map for South and Southeast Asia derived from SPOT-VEGETATION data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T16:17:47","indexId":"70030162","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A land-cover map for South and Southeast Asia derived from SPOT-VEGETATION data","docAbstract":"Aim Our aim was to produce a uniform ‘regional’ land-cover map of South and Southeast Asia based on ‘sub-regional’ mapping results generated in the context of the Global Land Cover 2000 project.
Location The ‘region’ of tropical and sub-tropical South and Southeast Asia stretches from the Himalayas and the southern border of China in the north, to Sri Lanka and Indonesia in the south, and from Pakistan in the west to the islands of New Guinea in the far east.
Methods The regional land-cover map is based on sub-regional digital mapping results derived from SPOT-VEGETATION satellite data for the years 1998–2000. Image processing, digital classification and thematic mapping were performed separately for the three sub-regions of South Asia, continental Southeast Asia, and insular Southeast Asia. Landsat TM images, field data and existing national maps served as references. We used the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) for coding the sub-regional land-cover classes and for aggregating the latter to a uniform regional legend. A validation was performed based on a systematic grid of sample points, referring to visual interpretation from high-resolution Landsat imagery. Regional land-cover area estimates were obtained and compared with FAO statistics for the categories ‘forest’ and ‘cropland’.
Results The regional map displays 26 land-cover classes. The LCCS coding provided a standardized class description, independent from local class names; it also allowed us to maintain the link to the detailed sub-regional land-cover classes. The validation of the map displayed a mapping accuracy of 72% for the dominant classes of ‘forest’ and ‘cropland’; regional area estimates for these classes correspond reasonably well to existing regional statistics.
Main conclusions The land-cover map of South and Southeast Asia provides a synoptic view of the distribution of land cover of tropical and sub-tropical Asia, and it delivers reasonable thematic detail and quantitative estimates of the main land-cover proportions. The map may therefore serve for regional stratification or modelling of vegetation cover, but could also support the implementation of forest policies, watershed management or conservation strategies at regional scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01637.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Stibig, H., Belward, A., Roy, P., Rosalina-Wasrin, U., Agrawal, S., Joshi, P., Hildanus, Beuchle, R., Fritz, S., Mubareka, S., and Giri, S., 2007, A land-cover map for South and Southeast Asia derived from SPOT-VEGETATION data: Journal of Biogeography, v. 34, no. 4, p. 625-637, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01637.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"637","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01637.x"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e430e4b0c8380cd4649c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stibig, H.-J.","contributorId":14198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stibig","given":"H.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belward, A.S.","contributorId":6197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belward","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, P.S.","contributorId":87369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosalina-Wasrin, U.","contributorId":39199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosalina-Wasrin","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Agrawal, S.","contributorId":30448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agrawal","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Joshi, P.K.","contributorId":78553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joshi","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hildanus","contributorId":128026,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hildanus","id":535157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Beuchle, R.","contributorId":39584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beuchle","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fritz, S.","contributorId":91221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mubareka, S.","contributorId":7912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mubareka","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Giri, S.","contributorId":102621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70032121,"text":"70032121 - 2007 - Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032121","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado","docAbstract":"On 28 July 1999, about 480 alpine debris flows were triggered by an afternoon thunderstorm along the Continental Divide in Clear Creek and Summit counties in the central Front Range of Colorado. The thunderstorm produced about 43??mm of rain in 4??h, 35??mm of which fell in the first 2??h. Several debris flows triggered by the storm impacted Interstate Highway 70, U.S. Highway 6, and the Arapahoe Basin ski area. We mapped the debris flows from color aerial photography and inspected many of them in the field. Three processes initiated debris flows. The first process initiated 11% of the debris flows and involved the mobilization of shallow landslides in thick, often well vegetated, colluvium. The second process, which was responsible for 79% of the flows, was the transport of material eroded from steep unvegetated hillslopes via a system of coalescing rills. The third, which has been termed the \"firehose effect,\" initiated 10% of the debris flows and occurred where overland flow became concentrated in steep bedrock channels and scoured debris from talus deposits and the heads of debris fans. These three processes initiated high on steep hillsides (> 30??) in catchments with small contributing areas (< 8000??m2), however, shallow landslides occurred on slopes that were significantly less steep than either overland flow process. Based on field observations and examination of soils mapping of the northern part of the study area, we identified a relation between the degree of soil development and the process type that generated debris flows. In general, areas with greater soil development were less likely to generate runoff and therefore less likely to generate debris flows by the firehose effect or by rilling. The character of the surficial cover and the spatially variable hydrologic response to intense rainfall, rather than a threshold of contributing area and topographic slope, appears to control the initiation process in the high alpine of the Front Range. Because debris flows initiated by rilling and the firehose effect tend to increase in volume as they travel downslope, these debris flows are potentially more hazardous than those initiated by shallow landslides, which tend to deposit material along their paths. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.009","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Godt, J., and Coe, J.A., 2007, Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado: Geomorphology, v. 84, no. 1-2, p. 80-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.009.","startPage":"80","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214721,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.009"},{"id":242471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e974e4b0c8380cd482c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029962,"text":"70029962 - 2007 - CO2 storage capacity estimation: Issues and development of standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70029962","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2049,"text":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CO2 storage capacity estimation: Issues and development of standards","docAbstract":"Associated with the endeavours of geoscientists to pursue the promise that geological storage of CO2 has of potentially making deep cuts into greenhouse gas emissions, Governments around the world are dependent on reliable estimates of CO2 storage capacity and insightful indications of the viability of geological storage in their respective jurisdictions. Similarly, industry needs reliable estimates for business decisions regarding site selection and development. If such estimates are unreliable, and decisions are made based on poor advice, then valuable resources and time could be wasted. Policies that have been put in place to address CO2 emissions could be jeopardised. Estimates need to clearly state the limitations that existed (data, time, knowledge) at the time of making the assessment and indicate the purpose and future use to which the estimates should be applied. A set of guidelines for estimation of storage capacity will greatly assist future deliberations by government and industry on the appropriateness of geological storage of CO2 in different geological settings and political jurisdictions. This work has been initiated under the auspices of the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (www.cslforum.org), and it is intended that it will be an ongoing taskforce to further examine issues associated with storage capacity estimation. Crown Copyright ?? 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1750-5836(07)00027-8","issn":"17505836","usgsCitation":"Bradshaw, J., Bachu, S., Bonijoly, D., Burruss, R., Holloway, S., Christensen, N., and Mathiassen, O., 2007, CO2 storage capacity estimation: Issues and development of standards: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 1, no. 1, p. 62-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1750-5836(07)00027-8.","startPage":"62","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477274,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/17505836","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212662,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1750-5836(07)00027-8"},{"id":240184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d4e4b0c8380cd4b3f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradshaw, J.","contributorId":75758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradshaw","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachu, S.","contributorId":35124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonijoly, D.","contributorId":51985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonijoly","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burruss, R.","contributorId":18178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holloway, S.","contributorId":22150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christensen, N.P.","contributorId":70193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mathiassen, O.M.","contributorId":95275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathiassen","given":"O.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70029807,"text":"70029807 - 2007 - Postfire soil burn severity mapping with hyperspectral image unmixing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029807","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postfire soil burn severity mapping with hyperspectral image unmixing","docAbstract":"Burn severity is mapped after wildfires to evaluate immediate and long-term fire effects on the landscape. Remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery has the potential to provide important information about fine-scale ground cover components that are indicative of burn severity after large wildland fires. Airborne hyperspectral imagery and ground data were collected after the 2002 Hayman Fire in Colorado to assess the application of high resolution imagery for burn severity mapping and to compare it to standard burn severity mapping methods. Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF), a partial spectral unmixing algorithm, was used to identify the spectral abundance of ash, soil, and scorched and green vegetation in the burned area. The overall performance of the MTMF for predicting the ground cover components was satisfactory (r2 = 0.21 to 0.48) based on a comparison to fractional ash, soil, and vegetation cover measured on ground validation plots. The relationship between Landsat-derived differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) values and the ground data was also evaluated (r2 = 0.20 to 0.58) and found to be comparable to the MTMF. However, the quantitative information provided by the fine-scale hyperspectral imagery makes it possible to more accurately assess the effects of the fire on the soil surface by identifying discrete ground cover characteristics. These surface effects, especially soil and ash cover and the lack of any remaining vegetative cover, directly relate to potential postfire watershed response processes. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.027","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Robichaud, P., Lewis, S., Laes, D., Hudak, A., Kokaly, R., and Zamudio, J., 2007, Postfire soil burn severity mapping with hyperspectral image unmixing: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 108, no. 4, p. 467-480, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.027.","startPage":"467","endPage":"480","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212836,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.11.027"},{"id":240385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e81e4b0c8380cd7a5a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robichaud, P.R.","contributorId":102691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robichaud","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, S.A.","contributorId":82132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laes, D.Y.M.","contributorId":48760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laes","given":"D.Y.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudak, A.T.","contributorId":60023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudak","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kokaly, R.F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":42381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zamudio, J.A.","contributorId":29436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamudio","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032083,"text":"70032083 - 2007 - Time for a change: Revision of the process for judging student presentations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032083","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Time for a change: Revision of the process for judging student presentations","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","language":"English","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Sutton, T., Parrish, D., and Jackson, J., 2007, Time for a change: Revision of the process for judging student presentations, in Fisheries, v. 32, no. 1, p. 42-43.","startPage":"42","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb39be4b08c986b325ec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutton, T.M.","contributorId":72193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrish, D.L.","contributorId":15144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, J.R.","contributorId":102273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031530,"text":"70031530 - 2007 - Remote sensing-based predictors improve distribution models of rare, early successional and broadleaf tree species in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70031530","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing-based predictors improve distribution models of rare, early successional and broadleaf tree species in Utah","docAbstract":"1. Compared to bioclimatic variables, remote sensing predictors are rarely used for predictive species modelling. When used, the predictors represent typically habitat classifications or filters rather than gradual spectral, surface or biophysical properties. Consequently, the full potential of remotely sensed predictors for modelling the spatial distribution of species remains unexplored. Here we analysed the partial contributions of remotely sensed and climatic predictor sets to explain and predict the distribution of 19 tree species in Utah. We also tested how these partial contributions were related to characteristics such as successional types or species traits. 2. We developed two spatial predictor sets of remotely sensed and topo-climatic variables to explain the distribution of tree species. We used variation partitioning techniques applied to generalized linear models to explore the combined and partial predictive powers of the two predictor sets. Non-parametric tests were used to explore the relationships between the partial model contributions of both predictor sets and species characteristics. 3. More than 60% of the variation explained by the models represented contributions by one of the two partial predictor sets alone, with topo-climatic variables outperforming the remotely sensed predictors. However, the partial models derived from only remotely sensed predictors still provided high model accuracies, indicating a significant correlation between climate and remote sensing variables. The overall accuracy of the models was high, but small sample sizes had a strong effect on cross-validated accuracies for rare species. 4. Models of early successional and broadleaf species benefited significantly more from adding remotely sensed predictors than did late seral and needleleaf species. The core-satellite species types differed significantly with respect to overall model accuracies. Models of satellite and urban species, both with low prevalence, benefited more from use of remotely sensed predictors than did the more frequent core species. 5. Synthesis and applications. If carefully prepared, remotely sensed variables are useful additional predictors for the spatial distribution of trees. Major improvements resulted for deciduous, early successional, satellite and rare species. The ability to improve model accuracy for species having markedly different life history strategies is a crucial step for assessing effects of global change. ?? 2007 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01348.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Zimmermann, N., Edwards, T., Moisen, G.G., Frescino, T., and Blackard, J., 2007, Remote sensing-based predictors improve distribution models of rare, early successional and broadleaf tree species in Utah: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 44, no. 5, p. 1057-1067, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01348.x.","startPage":"1057","endPage":"1067","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487622,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01348.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212568,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01348.x"},{"id":240071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa715e4b0c8380cd851f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmermann, N.E.","contributorId":24547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moisen, Gretchen G.","contributorId":15781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moisen","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frescino, T.S.","contributorId":94485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frescino","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blackard, J.A.","contributorId":103060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackard","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031283,"text":"70031283 - 2007 - Geographic variation in avian incubation periods and parental influences on embryonic temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70031283","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation in avian incubation periods and parental influences on embryonic temperature","docAbstract":"Theory predicts shorter embryonic periods in species with greater embryo mortality risk and smaller body size. Field studies of 80 passerine species on three continents yielded data that largely conflicted with theory; incubation (embryonic) periods were longer rather than shorter in smaller species, and egg (embryo) mortality risk explained some variation within regions, but did not explain larger differences in incubation periods among geographic regions. Incubation behavior of parents seems to explain these discrepancies. Bird embryos are effectively ectothermic and depend on warmth provided by parents sitting on the eggs to attain proper temperatures for development. Parents of smaller species, plus tropical and southern hemisphere species, commonly exhibited lower nest attentiveness (percent of time spent on the nest incubating) than larger and northern hemisphere species. Lower nest attentiveness produced cooler minimum and average embryonic temperatures that were correlated with longer incubation periods independent of nest predation risk or body size. We experimentally tested this correlation by swapping eggs of species with cool incubation temperatures with eggs of species with warm incubation temperatures and similar egg mass. Incubation periods changed (shortened or lengthened) as expected and verified the importance of egg temperature on development rate. Slower development resulting from cooler temperatures may simply be a cost imposed on embryos by parents and may not enhance offspring quality. At the same time, incubation periods of transferred eggs did not match host species and reflect intrinsic differences among species that may result from nest predation and other selection pressures. Thus, geographic variation in embryonic development may reflect more complex interactions than previously recognized. ?? 2007 The Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00204.x","issn":"00143820","usgsCitation":"Martin, T.E., Auer, S., Bassar, R., Niklison, A.M., and Lloyd, P., 2007, Geographic variation in avian incubation periods and parental influences on embryonic temperature: Evolution, v. 61, no. 11, p. 2558-2569, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00204.x.","startPage":"2558","endPage":"2569","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212584,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00204.x"},{"id":240089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1786e4b0c8380cd55528","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auer, S.K.","contributorId":17834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auer","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassar, R.D.","contributorId":52787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassar","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niklison, Alina M.","contributorId":21760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niklison","given":"Alina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lloyd, P.","contributorId":62405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70010311,"text":"70010311 - 2007 - Pattern and potential causes of White-faced Ibis, Plegadis chihi, establishment in the northern prairie and parkland region of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T19:06:39.905962","indexId":"70010311","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pattern and potential causes of White-faced Ibis, Plegadis chihi, establishment in the northern prairie and parkland region of North America","docAbstract":"The Northern Prairie and Parkland Waterbird Conservation Plan calls for renewed attention to determining the current status of waterbird populations, their distributions, and conservation needs. It highlights the need for baseline information on the White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi). In response, we examined the historical and current distribution of the ibis in North Dakota and summarized first sightings and nest records for the provinces and other states composing the northern prairie and parkland region. The establishment of breeding colonies of White-faced Ibis here may be due to climate and precipitation patterns, invasion and spread of Narrowleaf Cattail (Typha angustifolia), changes in agricultural practices, habitat loss and range expansion in the southern and western portions of the species' range, and increases in ibis populations in the Intermountain West. We placed special emphasis on North Dakota, a state for which there is scant published information concerning the current status of this species. In recent decades, the ibis has become a regular breeding-season resident in North Dakota and in other areas of the northern prairie and parkland region. From 1882 to 2002, there were 145 reports of one or more White-faced Ibis in North Dakota, including 93 reports during the breeding season (15 May to 31 August), 49 during the non-breeding season (1 September to 14 May), and three for which the season of occurrence was not reported. Prior to the 1960s, there were only three records of the species in North Dakota. Observations of White-faced Ibises in North Dakota increased dramatically between the 1960s and the early 21st century, and the species has been observed nearly annually since 1971. The first White-faced Ibis nesting activity in the state was recorded in 1978, and to date, there have been 21 known records of nesting activity in the state. The species nested in large (>300 ha) semipermanent or permanent wetlands within mixed-species colonies ranging in areal extent from small (0.1 ha) to fairly large (27 ha), and colonies were located in patches of emergent vegetation dominated by cattails (Typha) and bulrushes (Scirpus). We classify the White-faced Ibis as a fairly common migrant and a locally uncommon breeder east of the Missouri River and a casual migrant west of the Missouri River.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v121i1.392","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., Knutsen, G.A., Martin, R.E., and Brice, J.S., 2007, Pattern and potential causes of White-faced Ibis, Plegadis chihi, establishment in the northern prairie and parkland region of North America: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 121, no. 1, p. 46-56, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v121i1.392.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v121i1.392","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":219605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75b1e4b0c8380cd77cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708 jshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":3184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jill","email":"jshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":358600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutsen, Gregory A.","contributorId":35247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutsen","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Ron E.","contributorId":295244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brice, Joel S.","contributorId":295245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brice","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":61786,"text":"Delta Waterfowl Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}