{"pageNumber":"2338","pageRowStart":"58425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70031836,"text":"70031836 - 2007 - Pumping-induced drawdown and stream depletion in a leaky aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031836","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pumping-induced drawdown and stream depletion in a leaky aquifer system","docAbstract":"The impact of ground water pumping on nearby streams is often estimated using analytic models of the interconnected stream-aquifer system. A common assumption of these models is that the pumped aquifer is underlain by an impermeable formation. A new semianalytic solution for drawdown and stream depletion has been developed that does not require this assumption. This solution shows that pumping-induced flow (leakage) through an underlying aquitard can be an important recharge mechanism in many stream-aquifer systems. The relative importance of this source of recharge increases with the distance between the pumping well and the stream. The distance at which leakage becomes the primary component of the pumping-induced recharge depends on the specific properties of the aquifer, aquitard, and streambed. Even when the aquitard is orders of magnitude less transmissive than the aquifer, leakage can be an important recharge mechanism because of the large surface area over which it occurs. Failure to consider aquitard leakage can lead to large overestimations of both the drawdown produced by pumping and the contribution of stream depletion to the pumping-induced recharge. The ramifications for water resources management and water rights adjudication can be significant. A hypothetical example helps illustrate these points and demonstrates that more attention should be given to estimating the properties of aquitards underlying stream-aquifer systems. The solution presented here should serve as a relatively simple but versatile tool for practical assessments of pumping-induced stream-aquifer interactions. However, this solution should not be used for such assessments without site-specific data that indicate pumping has induced leakage through the aquitard. ?? 2006 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00272.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Butler, J., Zhan, X., and Zlotnik, V., 2007, Pumping-induced drawdown and stream depletion in a leaky aquifer system: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 2, p. 178-186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00272.x.","startPage":"178","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487033,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/275","text":"External Repository"},{"id":215044,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00272.x"},{"id":242813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9038e4b0c8380cd7fbe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhan, X.","contributorId":26477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zlotnik, V.A.","contributorId":102660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zlotnik","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031835,"text":"70031835 - 2007 - Characterization of methane hydrate host sediments using synchrotron-computed microtomography (CMT)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T19:10:00","indexId":"70031835","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2419,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of methane hydrate host sediments using synchrotron-computed microtomography (CMT)","docAbstract":"The hydrate-sediment interaction is an important aspect of gas hydrate studies that needs further examination. We describe here the applicability of the computed microtomography (CMT) technique that utilizes an intense X-ray synchrotron source to characterize sediment samples, two at various depths from the Blake Ridge area (a well-known hydrate-prone region) and one from Georges Bank, that once contained methane trapped as hydrates. Detailed results of the tomographic analysis performed on the deepest sample (667??m) from Blake Ridge are presented as 2-D and 3-D images which show several mineral constituents, the internal grain/pore microstructure, and, following segmentation into pore and grain space, a visualization of the connecting pathways through the pore-space of the sediment. Various parameters obtained from the analysis of the CMT data are presented for all three sediment samples. The micro-scale porosity values showed decreasing trend with increasing depth for all three samples that is consistent with the previously reported bulk porosity data. The 3-D morphology, pore-space pathways, porosity, and permeability values are also reported for all three samples. The application of CMT is now being expanded to the laboratory-formed samples of hydrate in sediments as well as field samples of methane hydrate bearing sediments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2006.03.029","issn":"09204105","usgsCitation":"Jones, K., Feng, H., Tomov, S., Winters, W., Prodanovic, M., and Mahajan, D., 2007, Characterization of methane hydrate host sediments using synchrotron-computed microtomography (CMT): Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v. 56, no. 1-3, p. 136-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2006.03.029.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"145","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1742","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blake Ridge, Georges Bank","volume":"56","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4cfe4b0c8380cd4bf2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, K.W.","contributorId":21692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feng, H.","contributorId":9885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tomov, S.","contributorId":105930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomov","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winters, W.J.","contributorId":49796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prodanovic, M.","contributorId":12280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodanovic","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahajan, D.","contributorId":42019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahajan","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031834,"text":"70031834 - 2007 - Evidence for exploitative competition: Comparative foraging behavior and roosting ecology of short-tailed fruit bats (Phyllostomidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031834","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1045,"text":"Biotropica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for exploitative competition: Comparative foraging behavior and roosting ecology of short-tailed fruit bats (Phyllostomidae)","docAbstract":"Chestnut short-tailed bats, Carollia castanea, and Seba's short-tailed bats, C. perspicillata (Phyllostomidae), were radio-tracked (N = 1593 positions) in lowland rain forest at Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana Province, Ecuador. For 11 C. castanea, mean home range was 6.8 ?? 2.2 ha, mean core-use area was 1.7 ?? 0.8 ha, and mean long axis across home range was 438 ?? 106 m. For three C. perspicillata, mean home range was 5.5 ?? 1.7 ha, mean core-use area was 1.3 ?? 0.6 ha, and mean long axis was 493 ?? 172 m. Groups of less than five C. castanea occupied day-roosts in earthen cavities that undercut banks the Tiputini River. Carollia perspicillata used tree hollows and buildings as day-roosts. Interspecific and intraspecific overlap among short-tailed bats occurred in core-use areas associated with clumps of fruiting Piper hispidum (peppers) and Cecropia sciadophylla. Piper hispidum seeds were present in 80 percent of the fecal samples from C. castanea and 56 percent of samples from C. perspicillata. Carollia perspicillata handled pepper fruits significantly faster than C. castanea; however, C. castanea commenced foraging before C. perspicillata emerged from day-roosts. Evidence for exploitative competition between C. castanea and C. perspicillata is suggested by our observations that 95 percent of ripe P. hispidum fruits available at sunset disappear before sunrise (N = 74 marked fruits). Piper hispidum plants produced zero to 12 ripe infructescences per plant each night during peak production. Few ripe infructescences of P. hispidum were available during the dry season; however, ripe infructescences of C. sciadophylla, remained abundant. ?? 2007 The Author(s) Journal compilation ?? 2007 by The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biotropica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00251.x","issn":"00063606","usgsCitation":"Bonaccorso, F., Winkelmann, J., Shin, D., Agrawal, C., Aslami, N., Bonney, C., Hsu, A., Jekielek, P., Knox, A., Kopach, S., Jennings, T., Lasky, J., Menesale, S., Richards, J., Rutland, J., Sessa, A., Zhaurova, L., and Kunz, T., 2007, Evidence for exploitative competition: Comparative foraging behavior and roosting ecology of short-tailed fruit bats (Phyllostomidae): Biotropica, v. 39, no. 2, p. 249-256, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00251.x.","startPage":"249","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215017,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00251.x"},{"id":242782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d3ee4b0c8380cd52ecf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonaccorso, F.J.","contributorId":13041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonaccorso","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winkelmann, J.R.","contributorId":35969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkelmann","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shin, D.","contributorId":55229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Agrawal, C.I.","contributorId":21362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agrawal","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aslami, N.","contributorId":40821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aslami","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonney, C.","contributorId":35560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonney","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hsu, A.","contributorId":76151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jekielek, P.E.","contributorId":71018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jekielek","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Knox, A.K.","contributorId":88170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kopach, S.J.","contributorId":44374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopach","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jennings, T.D.","contributorId":79719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lasky, J.R.","contributorId":53187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasky","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Menesale, S.A.","contributorId":44375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menesale","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Richards, J.H.","contributorId":49164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Rutland, J.A.","contributorId":106333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutland","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Sessa, A.K.","contributorId":52005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sessa","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Zhaurova, L.","contributorId":98964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhaurova","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Kunz, T.H.","contributorId":103383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70031808,"text":"70031808 - 2007 - Why the sacramento delta area differs from other parts of the great valley: numerical modeling of thermal structure and thermal subsidence of forearc basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T10:49:37","indexId":"70031808","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2125,"text":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why the sacramento delta area differs from other parts of the great valley: numerical modeling of thermal structure and thermal subsidence of forearc basins","docAbstract":"<p>Data on present-day heat flow, subsidence history, and paleotemperature for the Sacramento Delta region, California, have been employed to constrain a numerical model of tectonic subsidence and thermal evolution of forearc basins. The model assumes an oceanic basement with an initial thermal profile dependent on its age subjected to refrigeration caused by a subducting slab. Subsidence in the Sacramento Delta region appears to be close to that expected for a forearc basin underlain by normal oceanic lithosphere of age 150 Ma, demonstrating that effects from both the initial thermal profile and the subduction process are necessary and sufficient. Subsidence at the eastern and northern borders of the Sacramento Valley is considerably less, approximating subsidence expected from the dynamics of the subduction zone alone. These results, together with other geophysical data, show that Sacramento Delta lithosphere, being thinner and having undergone deeper subsidence, must differ from lithosphere of the transitional type under other parts of the Sacramento Valley. Thermal modeling allows evaluation of the rheological properties of the lithosphere. Strength diagrams based on our thermal model show that, even under relatively slow deformation (10<sup>−17</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>), the upper part of the delta crystalline crust (down to 20–22 km) can fail in brittle fashion, which is in agreement with deeper earthquake occurrence. Hypocentral depths of earthquakes under the Sacramento Delta region extend to nearly 20 km, whereas, in the Coast Ranges to the west, depths are typically less than 12–15 km. The greater width of the seismogenic zone in this area raises the possibility that, for fault segments of comparable length, earthquakes of somewhat greater magnitude might occur than in the Coast Ranges to the west.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1134/S1069351307010089","issn":"10693513","usgsCitation":"Mikhailov, V., Parsons, T., Simpson, R., Timoshkina, E., and Williams, C., 2007, Why the sacramento delta area differs from other parts of the great valley: numerical modeling of thermal structure and thermal subsidence of forearc basins: Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, v. 43, no. 1, p. 75-90, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351307010089.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1069351307010089"},{"id":239714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Great Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,36.0 ], [ -122.0,40.0 ], [ -120.0,40.0 ], [ -120.0,36.0 ], [ -122.0,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0a6e4b08c986b32efa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikhailov, V.O.","contributorId":101455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikhailov","given":"V.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Timoshkina, E.P.","contributorId":79295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timoshkina","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, C.","contributorId":10514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031805,"text":"70031805 - 2007 - On the influence of substrate morphology and surface area on phytofauna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031805","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the influence of substrate morphology and surface area on phytofauna","docAbstract":"The independent effects and interactions between substrate morphology and substrate surface area on invertebrate density or biomass colonizing artificial plant beds were assessed in a clear-water and a turbid playa lake in Castro County, Texas, USA. Total invertebrate density and biomass were consistently greater on filiform substrates than on laminar substrates with equivalent substrate surface areas. The relationship among treatments (substrates with different morphologies and surface areas) and response (invertebrate density or biomass) was assessed with equally spaced surface areas. Few statistically significant interactions between substrate morphology and surface area were detected, indicating that these factors were mostly independent from each other in their effect on colonizing invertebrates. Although infrequently, when substrate morphology and surface area were not independent, the effects of equally spaced changes in substrate surface area on the rate of change of phytofauna density or biomass per unit of substrate surface area were dependent upon substrate morphology. The absence of three-way interactions indicated that effects of substrate morphology and substrate area on phytofauna density or biomass were independent of environmental conditions outside and inside exclosures. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0359-x","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Becerra-Munoz, S., and Schramm, H., 2007, On the influence of substrate morphology and surface area on phytofauna: Hydrobiologia, v. 575, no. 1, p. 117-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0359-x.","startPage":"117","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212195,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0359-x"},{"id":239645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"575","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dd9e4b0c8380cd7535c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becerra-Munoz, S.","contributorId":12691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becerra-Munoz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031803,"text":"70031803 - 2007 - Individual dietary specialization and dive behaviour in the California sea otter: Using archival time-depth data to detect alternative foraging strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70031803","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual dietary specialization and dive behaviour in the California sea otter: Using archival time-depth data to detect alternative foraging strategies","docAbstract":"The existence of individual prey specializations has been reported for an ever-growing number of taxa, and has important ramifications for our understanding of predator-prey dynamics. We use the California sea otter population as a case study to validate the use of archival time-depth data to detect and measure differences in foraging behaviour and diet. We collected observational foraging data from radio-tagged sea otters that had been equipped with Mk9 time depth recorders (TDRs, Wildlife Computers, Redmond, WA). After recapturing the study animals and retrieving the TDRs it was possible to compare the two data types, by matching individual dives from the TDR record with observational data and thus examining behavioural correlates of capture success and prey species. Individuals varied with respect to prey selection, aggregating into one of three distinct dietary specializations. A number of TDR-derived parameters, particularly dive depth and post-dive surface interval, differed predictably between specialist types. A combination of six dive parameters was particularly useful for discriminating between specialist types, and when incorporated into a multivariate cluster analysis, these six parameters resulted in classification of 13 adult female sea otters into three clusters that corresponded almost perfectly to the diet-based classification (1 out of 13 animals was misclassified). Thus based solely on quantifiable traits of time-depth data that have been collected over an appropriate period (in this case 1 year per animal), it was possible to assign female sea otters to diet type with >90% accuracy. TDR data can thus be used as a tool to measure the degree of individual specialization in sea otter populations, a conclusion that will likely apply to other diving marine vertebrates as well. Our ultimate goals must be both to understand the causes of individual specialization, and to incorporate such variation into models of population- and community-level food web dynamics. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.012","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Tinker, M.T., Costa, D., Estes, J.A., and Wieringa, N., 2007, Individual dietary specialization and dive behaviour in the California sea otter: Using archival time-depth data to detect alternative foraging strategies: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 54, no. 3-4, p. 330-342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.012.","startPage":"330","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.012"},{"id":240158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a9ce4b0c8380cd61e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, D.P.","contributorId":29210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wieringa, N.","contributorId":99372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieringa","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031801,"text":"70031801 - 2007 - Assessment of fecal pollution sources in a small northern-plains watershed using PCR and phylogenetic analyses of Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70031801","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of fecal pollution sources in a small northern-plains watershed using PCR and phylogenetic analyses of Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene","docAbstract":"We evaluated the efficacy, sensitivity, host-specificity, and spatial/temporal dynamics of human- and ruminant-specific 16S rRNA gene Bacteroidetes markers used to assess the sources of fecal pollution in a fecally impacted watershed. Phylogenetic analyses of 1271 fecal and environmental 16S rRNA gene clones were also performed to study the diversity of Bacteroidetes in this watershed. The host-specific assays indicated that ruminant feces were present in 28-54% of the water samples and in all sampling seasons, with increasing frequency in downstream sites. The human-targeted assays indicated that only 3-5% of the water samples were positive for human fecal signals, although a higher percentage of human-associated signals (19-24%) were detected in sediment samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 57% of all water clones clustered with yet-to-be-cultured Bacteroidetes species associated with sequences obtained from ruminant feces, further supporting the prevalence of ruminant contamination in this watershed. However, since several clusters contained sequences from multiple sources, future studies need to consider the potential cosmopolitan nature of these bacterial populations when assessing fecal pollution sources using Bacteroidetes markers. Moreover, additional data is needed in order to understand the distribution of Bacteroidetes host-specific markers and their relationship to water quality regulatory standards. ?? 2006 Federation of European Microbiological Societies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00211.x","issn":"01686496","usgsCitation":"Lamendella, R., Domingo, J., Oerther, D., Vogel, J.R., and Stoeckel, D.M., 2007, Assessment of fecal pollution sources in a small northern-plains watershed using PCR and phylogenetic analyses of Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 59, no. 3, p. 651-660, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00211.x.","startPage":"651","endPage":"660","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477107,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00211.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212611,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00211.x"},{"id":240124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee2fe4b0c8380cd49bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamendella, R.","contributorId":15833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamendella","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domingo, J.W.S.","contributorId":88153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingo","given":"J.W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oerther, D.B.","contributorId":93702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oerther","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stoeckel, D. M.","contributorId":84855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031777,"text":"70031777 - 2007 - Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T11:11:46","indexId":"70031777","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake","docAbstract":"<p>Isotopically enriched Hg (90% 202Hg) was added to a small lake in Ontario, Canada, at a rate equivalent to approximately threefold the annual direct atmospheric deposition rate that is typical of the northeastern United States. The Hg spike was thoroughly mixed into the epilimnion in nine separate events at two-week intervals throughout the summer growing season for three consecutive years. We measured concentrations of spike and ambient dissolved gaseous Hg (DGM) concentrations in surface water and the rate of volatilization of Hg from the lake on four separate, week-long sampling periods using floating dynamic flux chambers. The relationship between empirically measured rates of spike-Hg evasion were evaluated as functions of DGM concentration, wind velocity, and solar illumination. No individual environmental variable proved to be a strong predictor of the evasion flux. The DGM-normalized flux (expressed as the mass transfer coefficient, k) varied with wind velocity in a manner consistent with existing models of evasion of volatile solutes from natural waters but was higher than model estimates at low wind velocity. The empirical data were used to construct a description of evasion flux as a function of total dissolved Hg, wind, and solar illumination. That model was then applied to data for three summers for the experiment to generate estimates of Hg re-emission from the lake surface to the atmosphere. Based on ratios of spike Hg to ambient Hg in DGM and dissolved total Hg pools, ratios of DGM to total Hg in spike and ambient Hg pools, and flux estimates of spike and ambient Hg, we concluded that the added Hg spike was chemically indistinguishable from the ambient Hg in its behavior. Approximately 45% of Hg added to the lake over the summer was lost via volatilization.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-148R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Southworth, G., Lindberg, S., Hintelmann, H., Amyot, M., Poulain, A., Bogle, M., Peterson, M., Rudd, J., Harris, R., Sandilands, K., Krabbenhoft, D., and Olsen, M.L., 2007, Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 1, p. 53-60, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-148R.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212311,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-148R.1"},{"id":239777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","city":"Ontario","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d21e4b0c8380cd52e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, G.","contributorId":51095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, S.","contributorId":71341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amyot, M.","contributorId":85404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amyot","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poulain, A.","contributorId":86171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulain","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bogle, M.","contributorId":71384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Peterson, M.","contributorId":71514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rudd, J.","contributorId":92054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harris, R. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":13382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sandilands, K.","contributorId":101456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandilands","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":118001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David P.","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Olsen, Mark L.","contributorId":63852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70031776,"text":"70031776 - 2007 - Tag-based estimates of annual fishing mortality of a mixed atlantic coastal stock of striped bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031776","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tag-based estimates of annual fishing mortality of a mixed atlantic coastal stock of striped bass","docAbstract":"Tag-based estimates of annual survival and fishing mortality rates supplement annual stock assessments of migratory striped bass Morone saxatilis in the interjurisdictional fishery along the Atlantic coast. We estimated a 17-year time series of annual survival and fishing mortality (F) rates for striped bass (>711 mm) tagged during winter trawl studies (1988-2004) off the coasts of North Carolina and Virginia. The geographic and temporal distributions of tag recoveries were consistent with published patterns of striped bass migration and indicated that this southern overwintering aggregate of striped bass is composed of mixed stocks. Incremental increases in bias-adjusted annual fishing mortality rates (from 0.00-0.26) and decreases in the proportion of fish released alive (from 0.762-0.198) coincided with periods of regulatory change during the 17-year time frame. Our estimates of F fall below the current management triggers and should be considered along with other estimates of F within the striped bass management process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-319.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., Smith, D., Laney, R., and Tipton, R., 2007, Tag-based estimates of annual fishing mortality of a mixed atlantic coastal stock of striped bass: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 1, p. 34-42, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-319.1.","startPage":"34","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-319.1"}],"volume":"136","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3b7e4b08c986b31fe3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, S.A. 0000-0003-0362-054X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":10191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laney, R.W.","contributorId":47651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laney","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tipton, R.C.","contributorId":50056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipton","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031775,"text":"70031775 - 2007 - Origin of pingo-like features on the Beaufort Sea shelf and their possible relationship to decomposing methane gas hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-06T12:04:48.491142","indexId":"70031775","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of pingo-like features on the Beaufort Sea shelf and their possible relationship to decomposing methane gas hydrates","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>The Arctic shelf is currently undergoing dramatic thermal changes caused by the continued warming associated with Holocene sea level rise. During this transgression, comparatively warm waters have flooded over cold permafrost areas of the Arctic Shelf. A thermal pulse of more than 10°C is still propagating down into the submerged sediment and may be decomposing gas hydrate as well as permafrost. A search for gas venting on the Arctic seafloor focused on pingo-like-features (PLFs) on the Beaufort Sea Shelf because they may be a direct consequence of gas hydrate decomposition at depth. Vibracores collected from eight PLFs had systematically elevated methane concentrations. ROV observations revealed streams of methane-rich gas bubbles coming from the crests of PLFs. We offer a scenario of how PLFs may be growing offshore as a result of gas pressure associated with gas hydrate decomposition.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006GL027977","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Paull, C.K., Ussler, W., Dallimore, S., Blasco, S., Lorenson, T., Melling, H., Medioli, B., Nixon, F., and McLaughlin, F., 2007, Origin of pingo-like features on the Beaufort Sea shelf and their possible relationship to decomposing methane gas hydrates: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 1, L01603, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027977.","productDescription":"L01603, 5 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487032,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl027977","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -140.904114772788,\n              70.21376494965077\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.904114772788,\n              68.05566376560725\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.79669289778812,\n              68.05566376560725\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.79669289778812,\n              70.21376494965077\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.904114772788,\n              70.21376494965077\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70ebe4b0c8380cd7633a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ussler, W. III","contributorId":101048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ussler","given":"W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dallimore, S.R.","contributorId":44313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallimore","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blasco, S.M.","contributorId":106714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasco","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melling, H.","contributorId":54797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melling","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Medioli, B.E.","contributorId":82529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medioli","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nixon, F.M.","contributorId":70555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nixon","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McLaughlin, F.A.","contributorId":6663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70031773,"text":"70031773 - 2007 - FFT-enhanced IHS transform method for fusing high-resolution satellite images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031773","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1958,"text":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"FFT-enhanced IHS transform method for fusing high-resolution satellite images","docAbstract":"Existing image fusion techniques such as the intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) transform and principal components analysis (PCA) methods may not be optimal for fusing the new generation commercial high-resolution satellite images such as Ikonos and QuickBird. One problem is color distortion in the fused image, which causes visual changes as well as spectral differences between the original and fused images. In this paper, a fast Fourier transform (FFT)-enhanced IHS method is developed for fusing new generation high-resolution satellite images. This method combines a standard IHS transform with FFT filtering of both the panchromatic image and the intensity component of the original multispectral image. Ikonos and QuickBird data are used to assess the FFT-enhanced IHS transform method. Experimental results indicate that the FFT-enhanced IHS transform method may improve upon the standard IHS transform and the PCA methods in preserving spectral and spatial information. ?? 2006 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.11.002","issn":"09242716","usgsCitation":"Ling, Y., Ehlers, M., Usery, E., and Madden, M., 2007, FFT-enhanced IHS transform method for fusing high-resolution satellite images: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 61, no. 6, p. 381-392, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.11.002.","startPage":"381","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212252,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2006.11.002"},{"id":239712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e73e4b0c8380cd5346d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ling, Y.","contributorId":31578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ehlers, M.","contributorId":60437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlers","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madden, M.","contributorId":18068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031770,"text":"70031770 - 2007 - Two lithospheric profiles across southern California derived from gravity and seismic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T14:52:06.103758","indexId":"70031770","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two lithospheric profiles across southern California derived from gravity and seismic data","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id27\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id28\"><p>We present two detailed 2-D density transects for the crust and uppermost mantle across southern California using a linear gravity inversion technique. This technique parameterizes the crust and upper mantle as a set of blocks that are based on published geologic and seismic models. Each block can have a range of densities that are constrained where possible by borehole measurements, seismic velocities, and petrologic data. To further constrain the models, it is assumed that the lithosphere is close to isostatic equilibrium at both ends of the profiles, in the deep ocean and east of the Mojave Desert. We calculate the lithostatic pressure variations field for the whole cross section to rule out the geophysically insignificant solutions. In the linear equation,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ρ</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<i>a</i>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<i>bV</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<i>V</i>, seismic P-wave velocity;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ρ</i>, density), which approximates the mantle density–velocity (<i>ρ</i>–<i>V</i>) relationship, different coefficients for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were evaluated. Lower coefficients (<i>b</i>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.2) correspond to an almost purely thermally perturbed mantle, while higher coefficients (<i>b</i>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;0.3) imply that other effects, such as composition and/or metamorphic changes, play an important role in the mantle. Density models were constructed with the coefficient<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ranging from 0 to 0.6. The results indicate that a high<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span>&nbsp;</span>value in the mantle<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ρ</i>–<i>V</i><span>&nbsp;</span>relationship is associated with less dense crust in the Mojave block and more dense crust in the Catalina schist block. In the less dense Mojave block, the average density of the whole crust is ∼2.75&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>, while that of the lower crust is ∼2.72&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>. These densities imply a high silica content in the crust, and a minor fraction of basic rock in the lower crust, or perhaps the absence of a basaltic layer altogether. By comparison, the average density of a typical continental stable platform is ∼2.85&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Models with higher<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span>&nbsp;</span>coefficients (0.5–0.6) are characterized by a large isostatic imbalance. On the other hand, lower<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values (0–0.2) require a consolidated whole crust density in the Mojave Desert of ∼2.78&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>, and a lower crust density of ∼2.89&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>with mostly basaltic composition. This contradicts the observed, lower<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>p</sub>/<i>V</i><sub>s</sub>-ratio in the Mojave Desert associated with mostly felsic and low-density crust. Models with lower<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span>&nbsp;</span>coefficients (0.1–0.2) are characterized by an absence of local Airy compensation beneath the San Gabriel Mountains at the LARSE-1 profile. These, and other non-gravity arguments, suggest optimal solutions to the mantle<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ρ</i>–<i>V</i><span>&nbsp;</span>relation of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i>&nbsp;∼&nbsp;0.2–0.4. This, in turn, means that both thermal and petrological effects occur inside the downwelling of the uppermost mantle high velocity body located beneath the Transverse Ranges. During the development of this mantle downwelling, the basaltic layer of the Mojave block was likely eroded and pulled down into the high velocity body. Those basaltic fragments may have been transformed into eclogites, and this metamorphic change implies a higher<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i>-coefficient density–velocity relationship than would be expected for a purely thermal process.</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jog.2006.09.011","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Romanyuk, T., Mooney, W.D., and Detweiler, S.T., 2007, Two lithospheric profiles across southern California derived from gravity and seismic data: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 43, no. 2, p. 274-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2006.09.011.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb957e4b08c986b327bd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romanyuk, T.","contributorId":107930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanyuk","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detweiler, Shane T. 0000-0001-5699-011X shane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-011X","contributorId":680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detweiler","given":"Shane","email":"shane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":433042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031609,"text":"70031609 - 2007 - Methane-derived authigenic carbonates from the northern Gulf of Mexico - MD02 Cruise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T11:25:10.850113","indexId":"70031609","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane-derived authigenic carbonates from the northern Gulf of Mexico - MD02 Cruise","docAbstract":"<p><span>Authigenic carbonates were sampled in piston cores collected from both the Tunica Mound and the Mississippi Canyon area on the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico during a&nbsp;</span><i>Marion Dufresne</i><span>&nbsp;cruise in July 2002. The carbonates are present as hardgrounds, porous crusts, concretions or nodules and shell fragments with or without carbonate cements. Carbonates occurred at gas venting sites which are likely to overlie gas hydrates bearing sediments. Electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thinsection investigations show that these carbonates are high-Mg calcite (6–21&nbsp;mol% MgCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>), with significant presence of framboidal pyrite. All carbonates are depleted in&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C (</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>−</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>61.9 to −</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>31.5‰ PDB) indicating that the carbon is derived mainly from anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO). Age estimates based on&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C dating of shell fragments and on regional sedimentation rates indicate that these authigenic carbonates formed within the last 1000&nbsp;yr in the Mississippi Canyon and within 5500&nbsp;yr at the Tunica Mound. The oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates ranges from +</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>3.4 to +</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>5.9‰ PDB. Oxygen isotopic compositions and Mg</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;contents of carbonates, and present&nbsp;</span><i>in-situ</i><span>&nbsp;temperatures of bottom seawater/sediments, show that some of these carbonates, especially from a core associated with underlying massive gas hydrates precipitated in or near equilibrium with bottom-water. On the other hand, those carbonates more enriched in&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O are interpreted to have precipitated from&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-rich fluids which are thought to have been derived from the dissociation of gas hydrates. The dissociation of gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico within the last 5500&nbsp;yr may be caused by nearby salt movement and related brines.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.05.011","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Chen, Y., Matsumoto, R., Paull, C.K., Ussler, W., Lorenson, T., Hart, P., and Winters, W., 2007, Methane-derived authigenic carbonates from the northern Gulf of Mexico - MD02 Cruise: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 95, no. 1-3, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.05.011.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477065,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2166","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a553ee4b0c8380cd6d175","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Y.","contributorId":7019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matsumoto, R.","contributorId":32732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsumoto","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ussler, W. III","contributorId":101048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ussler","given":"W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorenson, T.","contributorId":88915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hart, P.","contributorId":45107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winters, W.","contributorId":106306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70031608,"text":"70031608 - 2007 - Crossing disciplines and scales to understand the critical zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031608","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1490,"text":"Elements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crossing disciplines and scales to understand the critical zone","docAbstract":"The Critical Zone (CZ) is the system of coupled chemical, biological, physical, and geological processes operating together to support life at the Earth's surface. While our understanding of this zone has increased over the last hundred years, further advance requires scientists to cross disciplines and scales to integrate understanding of processes in the CZ, ranging in scale from the mineral-water interface to the globe. Despite the extreme heterogeneities manifest in the CZ, patterns are observed at all scales. Explanations require the use of new computational and analytical tools, inventive interdisciplinary approaches, and growing networks of sites and people.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Elements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gselements.3.5.307","issn":"18115209","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., Goldhaber, M., and Vala, R.K., 2007, Crossing disciplines and scales to understand the critical zone: Elements, v. 3, no. 5, p. 307-314, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.3.5.307.","startPage":"307","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212245,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.3.5.307"},{"id":239704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc7e4b0c8380cd4e425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, S.L.","contributorId":71676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vala, Ragnarsdottir K.","contributorId":31980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vala","given":"Ragnarsdottir","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031606,"text":"70031606 - 2007 - History of the shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus) in Lake Superior, 1895-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T14:18:07.594239","indexId":"70031606","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"History of the shortjaw cisco (<i>Coregonus zenithicus</i>) in Lake Superior, 1895-2003","title":"History of the shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus) in Lake Superior, 1895-2003","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., and Todd, T.N., 2007, History of the shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus) in Lake Superior, 1895-2003, chap. <i>of</i> Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes, p. 433-458.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"458","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.320068359375,\n              46.50973514453876\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.35028076171875,\n              46.534303278597505\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4189453125,\n              46.53052428878426\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4793701171875,\n              46.49650154751426\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.52606201171875,\n              46.51918574163987\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5562744140625,\n              46.549416608392264\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5452880859375,\n              46.581518465658014\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4793701171875,\n              46.63623661551964\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.37225341796875,\n              46.68901548485151\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4354248046875,\n              46.77749276376827\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.50408935546875,\n              46.794418663019734\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.46563720703125,\n              46.81133924039194\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.40521240234375,\n              46.80193957664001\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.364013671875,\n              46.822616668804926\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.31732177734375,\n              46.86394700508323\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.37774658203125,\n              46.93526088057719\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4354248046875,\n              46.95588666908011\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.50958251953125,\n              46.96900803311957\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.63043212890625,\n              46.976504510552\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.7540283203125,\n              46.9989876381546\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.74029541015625,\n              47.040182144806664\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.68536376953125,\n              47.09630525444073\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.66339111328125,\n              47.16730970131578\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.61395263671875,\n              47.2270293988673\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.55352783203125,\n              47.26991141830741\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.54254150390625,\n              47.32951560950956\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.59197998046875,\n              47.39463076190644\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.715576171875,\n              47.470806305936264\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.84466552734375,\n              47.53203824675999\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.91333007812499,\n              47.56355410390806\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.97650146484375,\n              47.63023101663225\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.957275390625,\n              47.69497434186282\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.90234375,\n              47.755944512091666\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.85015869140625,\n              47.80024163283363\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.87213134765625,\n              47.838970656475674\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.81719970703125,\n              47.879512933970496\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.7869873046875,\n              47.942106827553026\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.8089599609375,\n              47.98256841921405\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.0067138671875,\n              47.99727386804474\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.11383056640625,\n              47.99727386804474\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.242919921875,\n              47.989921667414194\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.33905029296875,\n              47.98440682947526\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.4241943359375,\n              47.951305426762616\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.58349609375,\n              47.951305426762616\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.6988525390625,\n              47.956823800497475\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.91033935546875,\n              48.026672195436014\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.97351074218749,\n              48.10926514749487\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.02294921875,\n              48.16974908365419\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.08612060546875,\n              48.2155228106753\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1492919921875,\n              48.328865239704655\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.16851806640624,\n              48.39456162202509\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1822509765625,\n              48.45653041501911\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.20697021484375,\n              48.50932644976633\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.21246337890625,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.23992919921875,\n              48.63290858589535\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.32507324218749,\n              48.739889600673365\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.41021728515624,\n              48.79058074474321\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.54205322265625,\n              48.81590713080018\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.73431396484375,\n              48.83941303819501\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.89361572265624,\n              48.83760528293373\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.99523925781249,\n              48.86471476180277\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.08587646484375,\n              48.85206549830757\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.18475341796875,\n              48.850258199721495\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.29736328125,\n              48.850258199721495\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4127197265625,\n              48.850258199721495\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.54730224609375,\n              48.90805939965008\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.64068603515625,\n              48.91888968903368\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7313232421875,\n              48.935130721045326\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.82196044921874,\n              48.95497369808868\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.89886474609375,\n              48.97300592158682\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.96203613281249,\n              49.00364573861305\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9949951171875,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.10211181640624,\n              49.03966846228119\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.20373535156249,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.2696533203125,\n              49.01085236926211\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.32733154296875,\n              48.96939999849952\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.31085205078125,\n              48.91166975698412\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.25042724609374,\n              48.8032455364465\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.2861328125,\n              48.80686346108517\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.34381103515624,\n              48.857487002645485\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.42071533203125,\n              48.87555444355432\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.48114013671875,\n              48.855679899769\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.52508544921875,\n              48.832181625698475\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.57452392578125,\n              48.76705193388751\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.58551025390624,\n              48.70727541512677\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.60198974609375,\n              48.669198799260045\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.6376953125,\n              48.62020084032983\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.670654296875,\n              48.60204136700653\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.75030517578125,\n              48.59477574898104\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.87115478515625,\n              48.57842428752037\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.16778564453125,\n              48.50386733939323\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.23919677734375,\n              48.454708881876854\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.33807373046875,\n              48.32703913063476\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.38201904296875,\n              48.22284281261854\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.40673828125,\n              48.13126755117026\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.5440673828125,\n              48.065232067568\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.64019775390625,\n              48.01013769851873\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.74731445312499,\n              47.96785877999251\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.83245849609375,\n              47.90161354142077\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.98626708984375,\n              47.86293128876346\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.274658203125,\n              47.79839667295524\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4119873046875,\n              47.76517619125415\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.50537109375,\n              47.73562905149295\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.60699462890625,\n              47.69867153529717\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.72509765625,\n              47.6524377737497\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.86517333984375,\n              47.59505101193038\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.97503662109375,\n              47.537601245618134\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.12884521484375,\n              47.44666502261753\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.30462646484375,\n              47.299721913179944\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.41998291015625,\n              47.23262467463881\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.59576416015625,\n              47.10378387099161\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.73309326171875,\n              47.00835281693705\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.91436767578124,\n              46.93901161506044\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.16156005859375,\n              46.79253827035982\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.1148681640625,\n              46.70973594407157\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.032470703125,\n              46.65132155014943\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.90887451171875,\n              46.62869257083747\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.73858642578125,\n              46.6701718034738\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.61773681640625,\n              46.70031853924921\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.47491455078125,\n              46.73421350813988\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.31011962890625,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20025634765625,\n              46.80945943904218\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1151123046875,\n              46.837649560937464\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.99700927734375,\n              46.87709089874478\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.90911865234374,\n              46.90712199744459\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.86242675781249,\n              46.91837932415156\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.823974609375,\n              46.899615799267245\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.84320068359375,\n              46.862069043222895\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.88714599609375,\n              46.803819640791566\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.911865234375,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.94207763671875,\n              46.71915170604123\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.01074218749999,\n              46.5720787149159\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.966796875,\n              46.538082005463075\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.86517333984375,\n              46.56641407568593\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.73333740234375,\n              46.60982785835103\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.71685791015625,\n              46.63435070293566\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.56304931640625,\n              46.581518465658014\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.49713134765625,\n              46.534303278597505\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.42572021484374,\n              46.534303278597505\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              46.56263732086835\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.120849609375,\n              46.613601326659726\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.98077392578124,\n              46.65132155014943\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.89013671875,\n              46.69278343251575\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.84344482421875,\n              46.74927110475196\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.769287109375,\n              46.78689669816405\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.659423828125,\n              46.79629898997745\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.549560546875,\n              46.794418663019734\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.4342041015625,\n              46.822616668804926\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.307861328125,\n              46.85831292242506\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.21173095703125,\n              46.90899838277448\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.14306640625,\n              46.9446372241817\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.00848388671875,\n              46.95588666908011\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.912353515625,\n              47.01209842876063\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.85467529296875,\n              47.08321514774161\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.70086669921875,\n              47.16170753357782\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.52783203125,\n              47.22329888685773\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.450927734375,\n              47.3183449418758\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.3465576171875,\n              47.35184985856322\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.1817626953125,\n              47.4355191531953\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.13232421875,\n              47.43737696208075\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.95928955078125,\n              47.44480754169437\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.81097412109375,\n              47.4355191531953\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.83294677734375,\n              47.41136166853917\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.89886474609375,\n              47.41136166853917\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.98675537109375,\n              47.39463076190644\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9949951171875,\n              47.349989032003215\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.0279541015625,\n              47.32393057095941\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.10211181640624,\n              47.286681888764214\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.14056396484375,\n              47.25686404408872\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.22296142578125,\n              47.217702626593784\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.2806396484375,\n              47.191578934752954\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.330078125,\n              47.12995075666307\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.363037109375,\n              47.09069560264967\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4124755859375,\n              47.02895043138593\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4674072265625,\n              46.976504510552\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.52783203125,\n              46.86019101567027\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.51409912109375,\n              46.79253827035982\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.516845703125,\n              46.74738913515841\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.50036621093749,\n              46.73044845188485\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.39324951171875,\n              46.781254534638606\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.330078125,\n              46.85079989251277\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.28338623046875,\n              46.882723010671945\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.28338623046875,\n              46.86394700508323\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.30810546875,\n              46.82637528602131\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.28887939453125,\n              46.80569963924226\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.21197509765624,\n              46.837649560937464\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.17901611328125,\n              46.878968335076856\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.12957763671875,\n              46.89210855010362\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.05816650390625,\n              46.89210855010362\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.95379638671874,\n              46.88647742351024\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7972412109375,\n              46.85079989251277\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71209716796874,\n              46.78313532151751\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.55279541015625,\n              46.67582559793001\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.42370605468749,\n              46.524855311033406\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.374267578125,\n              46.479482189368646\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.2259521484375,\n              46.464349400461124\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.09686279296874,\n              46.479482189368646\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.01995849609375,\n              46.5002829039397\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.95404052734375,\n              46.48893804576338\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.91009521484375,\n              46.41892578708076\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.81121826171875,\n              46.403776166694634\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.7645263671875,\n              46.44164232762498\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.71508789062499,\n              46.41513877649199\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.64642333984375,\n              46.40188216826328\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.58599853515625,\n              46.43217825300941\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.47613525390625,\n              46.5116253954379\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.32232666015625,\n              46.55697169564088\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.24267578125,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.13006591796874,\n              46.60228013300284\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.7977294921875,\n              46.64377960861833\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.572509765625,\n              46.65320687122665\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.42694091796875,\n              46.649436163350245\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.3472900390625,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1275634765625,\n              46.73044845188485\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.05889892578125,\n              46.72291755083757\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.05615234375,\n              46.640008243515915\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.089111328125,\n              46.51540570001737\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.067138671875,\n              46.475699386607516\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.9957275390625,\n              46.45299704748289\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.9188232421875,\n              46.45299704748289\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.8309326171875,\n              46.43596408010131\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.75128173828125,\n              46.42460580983505\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.6990966796875,\n              46.45299704748289\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.649658203125,\n              46.437856895024204\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.638671875,\n              46.39998810407942\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.54254150390625,\n              46.411351502899215\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.45465087890625,\n              46.41513877649199\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3695068359375,\n              46.45678142812658\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.320068359375,\n              46.50973514453876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31cae4b0c8380cd5e233","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jankun M.Brzuzan P.Hliwa P.Luczynski M.","contributorId":128357,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jankun M.Brzuzan P.Hliwa P.Luczynski M.","id":536662,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gorman, O. T.","contributorId":104605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, T. N.","contributorId":13931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031605,"text":"70031605 - 2007 - Generation and propagation of nonlinear internal waves in Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T10:55:54","indexId":"70031605","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation and propagation of nonlinear internal waves in Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"During the summer, nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) are commonly observed propagating in Massachusetts Bay. The topography of the area is unique in the sense that the generation area (over Stellwagen Bank) is only 25 km away from the shoaling area, and thus it represents an excellent natural laboratory to study the life cycle of NLIWs. To assist in the interpretation of the data collected during the 1998 Massachusetts Bay Internal Wave Experiment (MBIWE98), a fully nonlinear and nonhydrostatic model covering the generation/shoaling region was developed, to investigate the response of the system to the range of background and driving conditions observed. Simplified models were also used to elucidate the role of nonlinearity and dispersion in shaping the NLIW field. This paper concentrates on the generation process and the subsequent evolution in the basin. The model was found to reproduce well the range of propagation characteristics observed (arrival time, propagation speed, amplitude), and provided a coherent framework to interpret the observations. Comparison with a fully nonlinear hydrostatic model shows that during the generation and initial evolution of the waves as they move away from Stellwagen Bank, dispersive effects play a negligible role. Thus the problem can be well understood considering the geometry of the characteristics along which the Riemann invariants of the hydrostatic problem propagate. Dispersion plays a role only during the evolution of the undular bore in the middle of Stellwagen Basin. The consequences for modeling NLIWs within hydrostatic models are briefly discussed at the end.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007JC004313","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Scotti, A., Beardsley, R., and Butman, B., 2007, Generation and propagation of nonlinear internal waves in Massachusetts Bay: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 112, no. C10, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004313.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jc004313","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.0,42.0 ], [ -71.0,42.75 ], [ -70.25,42.75 ], [ -70.25,42.0 ], [ -71.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"112","issue":"C10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a154fe4b0c8380cd54d51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scotti, A.","contributorId":67270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scotti","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beardsley, R.C.","contributorId":106508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beardsley","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031601,"text":"70031601 - 2007 - Warming may create substantial water supply shortages in the Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031601","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming may create substantial water supply shortages in the Colorado River basin","docAbstract":"The high demand for water, the recent multiyear drought (1999-2007), and projections of global warming have raised questions about the long-term sustainability of water supply in the southwestern United States. In this study, the potential effects of specific levels of atmospheric warming on water-year streamflow in the Colorado River basin are evaluated using a water-balance model, and the results are analyzed within the context of a multi-century tree-ring reconstruction (1490-1998) of streamflow for the basin. The results indicate that if future warming occurs in the basin and is not accompanied by increased precipitation, then the basin is likely to experience periods of water supply shortages more severe than those inferred from the longterm historical tree-ring reconstruction. Furthermore, the modeling results suggest that future warming would increase the likelihood of failure to meet the water allocation requirements of the Colorado River Compact.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GL031764","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Wolock, D., 2007, Warming may create substantial water supply shortages in the Colorado River basin: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 22, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031764.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477230,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl031764","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031764"},{"id":239633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3c9e4b08c986b32b3a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031600,"text":"70031600 - 2007 - The persistence of directivity in small earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-06T12:23:44.366514","indexId":"70031600","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The persistence of directivity in small earthquakes","docAbstract":"<div id=\"16133820\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>We derive a simple inversion of peak ground acceleration (PGA) or peak ground velocity (PGV) for rupture direction and rupture velocity and then test this inversion on the peak motions obtained from seven 3.5≤<strong>M</strong>≤4.1 earthquakes that occurred in two clusters in November 2002 and February 2003 near San Ramon, California. These clusters were located on two orthogonal strike-slip faults so that the events share the same approximate focal mechanism but not the same fault plane. Three earthquakes exhibit strong directivity, but the other four earthquakes exhibit relatively weak directivity. We use the residual PGAs and PGVs from the other six events to determine station corrections for each earthquake. The inferred rupture directions unambiguously identify the fault plane for the three earthquakes with strong directivity and for three of the four earthquakes with weak directivity. The events with strong directivity have fast rupture velocities (0.63<i>β</i>≤<i>v</i>≤0.87<i>β</i>); the events with weak directivity either rupture more slowly (0.17<i>β</i>≤<i>v</i>≤0.35<i>β</i>) or bilaterally. The simple unilateral inversion cannot distinguish between slow and bilateral ruptures: adding a bilateral rupture component degrades the fit of the rupture directions to the fault planes. By comparing PGAs from the events with strong and weak directivity, we show how an up-dip rupture in small events can distort the attenuation of peak ground motion with distance. When we compare the rupture directions of the earthquakes to the location of aftershocks in the two clusters, we find than almost all the aftershocks of the three earthquakes with strong directivity occur within 70° of the direction of rupture.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120050228","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boatwright, J., 2007, The persistence of directivity in small earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 6, p. 1850-1861, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050228.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1850","endPage":"1861","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae88e4b08c986b324171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70031598,"text":"70031598 - 2007 - Informing the network: Improving communication with interface communities during wildland fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70031598","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1911,"text":"Human Ecology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Informing the network: Improving communication with interface communities during wildland fire","docAbstract":"An interagency research team studied fire communications that took place during different stages of two wildfires in southern California: one small fire of short duration and one large fire of long duration. This \"quick- response\" research showed that pre-fire communication planning was particularly effective for smaller fire events and parts of that planning proved invaluable for the large fire event as well. Information seeking by the affected public relied on locally convenient sources during the small fire. During the large fire, widespread evacuations disrupted many of the local informal communication networks. Residents' needs were for \"real-time, \" place-specific information: precise location, severity, size, and direction of spread of the fires. Fire management agencies must contribute real-time, place-specific fire information when it is most needed by the affected public, as they try to make sense out of the chaos of a wildland fire. Disseminating fire information as broadly as possible through multiple pathways will maximize the probability of the public finding the information they need. ?? Society for Human Ecology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Human Ecology Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10744827","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.G., Gillette, S., Hodgson, R., Downing, J., Burns, M., Chavez, D., and Hogan, J., 2007, Informing the network: Improving communication with interface communities during wildland fire: Human Ecology Review, v. 14, no. 2, p. 198-211.","startPage":"198","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bbce4b0c8380cd627cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":33671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillette, S.C.","contributorId":102844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgson, R.W.","contributorId":89353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Downing, J.L.","contributorId":46764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, M.R.","contributorId":22149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chavez, D.J.","contributorId":33536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hogan, J.T.","contributorId":101459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70031596,"text":"70031596 - 2007 - Assessing the likely value of gravity and drawdown measurements to constrain estimates of hydraulic conductivity and specific yield during unconfined aquifer testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T17:22:22","indexId":"70031596","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the likely value of gravity and drawdown measurements to constrain estimates of hydraulic conductivity and specific yield during unconfined aquifer testing","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pumping of an unconfined aquifer can cause local desaturation detectable with high‐resolution gravimetry. A previous study showed that signal‐to‐noise ratios could be predicted for gravity measurements based on a hydrologic model. We show that although changes should be detectable with gravimeters, estimations of hydraulic conductivity and specific yield based on gravity data alone are likely to be unacceptably inaccurate and imprecise. In contrast, a transect of low‐quality drawdown data alone resulted in accurate estimates of hydraulic conductivity and inaccurate and imprecise estimates of specific yield. Combined use of drawdown and gravity data, or use of high‐quality drawdown data alone, resulted in unbiased and precise estimates of both parameters. This study is an example of the value of a staged assessment regarding the likely significance of a new measurement method or monitoring scenario before collecting field data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005678","usgsCitation":"Blainey, J.B., Ferré, T., and Cordova, J., 2007, Assessing the likely value of gravity and drawdown measurements to constrain estimates of hydraulic conductivity and specific yield during unconfined aquifer testing: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 12, Article W12408; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005678.","productDescription":"Article W12408; 9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edece4b0c8380cd49aea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blainey, Joan B.","contributorId":54284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blainey","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferré, Ty P.A.","contributorId":35647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferré","given":"Ty P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cordova, Jeffrey T. jcordova@usgs.gov","contributorId":1845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"Jeffrey T.","email":"jcordova@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031595,"text":"70031595 - 2007 - Coupled changes in sand grain size and sand transport driven by changes in the upstream supply of sand in the Colorado River: relative importance of changes in bed-sand grain size and bed-sand area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T14:04:52","indexId":"70031595","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled changes in sand grain size and sand transport driven by changes in the upstream supply of sand in the Colorado River: relative importance of changes in bed-sand grain size and bed-sand area","docAbstract":"Sand transport in the Colorado River in Marble and Grand canyons was naturally limited by the upstream supply of sand. Prior to the 1963 closure of Glen Canyon Dam, the river exhibited the following four effects of sand supply limitation: (1) hysteresis in sediment concentration, (2) hysteresis in sediment grain size coupled to the hysteresis in sediment concentration, (3) production of inversely graded flood deposits, and (4) development or modification of a lag between the time of a flood peak and the time of either maximum or minimum (depending on reach geometry) bed elevation. Construction and operation of the dam has enhanced the degree to which the first two of these four effects are evident, and has not affected the degree to which the last two effects of sand supply limitation are evident in the Colorado River in Marble and Grand canyons. The first three of the effects involve coupled changes in suspended-sand concentration and grain size that are controlled by changes in the upstream supply of sand. During tributary floods, sand on the bed of the Colorado River fines; this causes the suspended sand to fine and the suspended-sand concentration to increase, even when the discharge of water remains constant. Subsequently, the bed is winnowed of finer sand, the suspended sand coarsens, and the suspended-sand concentration decreases independently of discharge. Also associated with these changes in sand supply are changes in the fraction of the bed that is covered by sand. Thus, suspended-sand concentration in the Colorado River is likely regulated by both changes in the bed-sand grain size and changes in the bed-sand area. A physically based flow and suspended-sediment transport model is developed, tested, and applied to data from the Colorado River to evaluate the relative importance of changes in the bed-sand grain size and changes in the bed-sand area in regulating suspended-sand concentration. Although the model was developed using approximations for steady, uniform flow, and other simplifications that are not met in the Colorado River, the results nevertheless support the idea that changes in bed-sand grain size are much more important than changes in bed-sand area in regulating the concentration of suspended sand.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.03.016","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Topping, D., Rubin, D.M., and Melis, T., 2007, Coupled changes in sand grain size and sand transport driven by changes in the upstream supply of sand in the Colorado River: relative importance of changes in bed-sand grain size and bed-sand area: Sedimentary Geology, v. 202, no. 3, p. 538-561, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.03.016.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"561","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212572,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.03.016"},{"id":240075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","volume":"202","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc88e4b0c8380cd4e2d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, D.J. 0000-0002-2104-4577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":53927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melis, T.S.","contributorId":85621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031593,"text":"70031593 - 2007 - Measurement of atmospheric mercury species with manual sampling and analysis methods in a case study in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031593","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of atmospheric mercury species with manual sampling and analysis methods in a case study in Indiana","docAbstract":"Ground-level concentrations of three atmospheric mercury species were measured using manual sampling and analysis to provide data for estimates of mercury dry deposition. Three monitoring stations were operated simultaneously during winter, spring, and summer 2004, adjacent to three mercury wet-deposition monitoring stations in northern, central, and southern Indiana. The monitoring locations differed in land-use setting and annual mercury-emissions level from nearby sources. A timer-controlled air-sampling system that contained a three-part sampling train was used to isolate reactive gaseous mercury, particulate-bound mercury, and elemental mercury. The sampling trains were exchanged every 6 days, and the mercury species were quantified in a laboratory. A quality-assurance study indicated the sampling trains could be held at least 120 h without a significant change in reactive gaseous or particulate-bound mercury concentrations. The manual sampling method was able to provide valid mercury concentrations in 90 to 95% of samples. Statistical differences in mercury concentrations were observed during the project. Concentrations of reactive gaseous and elemental mercury were higher in the daytime samples than in the nighttime samples. Concentrations of reactive gaseous mercury were higher in winter than in summer and were highest at the urban monitoring location. The results of this case study indicated manual sampling and analysis could be a reliable method for measurement of atmospheric mercury species and has the capability for supplying representative concentrations in an effective manner from a long-term deposition-monitoring network. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11270-007-9416-y","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Risch, M., Prestbo, E., and Hawkins, L., 2007, Measurement of atmospheric mercury species with manual sampling and analysis methods in a case study in Indiana: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 184, no. 1-4, p. 285-297, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9416-y.","startPage":"285","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9416-y"},{"id":240040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"184","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52f3e4b0c8380cd6c79f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risch, M.R.","contributorId":55032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prestbo, E.M.","contributorId":83739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prestbo","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawkins, L.","contributorId":80082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031592,"text":"70031592 - 2007 - Mixed sediment beach processes: Kachemak Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-25T12:06:40.893347","indexId":"70031592","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mixed sediment beach processes: Kachemak Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Mixed sediment beaches are morphologically distinct from and more complex than either sand or gravel only beaches. Three digital imaging techniques are employed to quantify surficial grain size and bedload sediment transport rates along the mixed sediment beaches of Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Applying digital imaging procedures originally developed for quickly and efficiently quantifying grain sizes of sand to coarse sediment classes gives promising results. Hundreds of grain size estimates lead to a quantitative characterization of the region's sediment at a significant reduction in cost and time as compared to traditional techniques. Both the sand and coarse fractions on this megatidal beach mobilize into self-organized bedforms that migrate alongshore with a seasonally reflecting the temporal pattern of the alongshore component of wave power. In contrast, the gravel bedforms also migrate in the cross-shore without significant seasonally suggesting that swash asymmetry is sufficient to mobilize the gravel even during low energy summer conditions.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceDate":"May 13-17, 2007","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)35","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Ruggiero, P., Adams, P., and Warrick, J., 2007, Mixed sediment beach processes: Kachemak Bay, Alaska, <i>in</i> Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, May 13-17, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)35.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b7ce4b0c8380cd6f5ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, P.N.","contributorId":32721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031589,"text":"70031589 - 2007 - The response of spit shapes to wave-angle climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031589","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The response of spit shapes to wave-angle climates","docAbstract":"We investigate spit formation and evolution in light of the high-wave-angle instability in shoreline shape arising from a maximizing angle for wave-driven alongshore sediment transport. Single spits emerge in a simple one-contour line numerical model that evolves the coast using morphodynamic feedbacks and a 'climate' of waves approaching the shore from variable directions. Analysis of sediment transport and shoreline stability metrics illustrate how spits can be generated, demonstrating how waves from all angles can play a role in spit formation and evolution. Simulations suggest that regardless of whether high- or low-angle waves dominate relative to the general shoreline trend, as spits extend offshore, they tend to orient themselves such that most of their coast barely experiences low-angle waves and alongshore sediment transport to the spit end is maximized. This 'graded' spit shape minimizes gradients in sediment flux, while the recurve at the spit end experiences larger gradients and a region of high-angle instability. Examining hindcast wave data, similar trends are seen along the natural example of Long Point, Lake Erie, Canada. ?? 2007 ASCE.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceDate":"13 May 2007 through 17 May 2007","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)27","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Ashton, A., Murray, A., and Littlewood, R., 2007, The response of spit shapes to wave-angle climates, <i>in</i> Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, 13 May 2007 through 17 May 2007, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)27.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)27"},{"id":240000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf39e4b08c986b324643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashton, A.D.","contributorId":73431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashton","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, A.B.","contributorId":12598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Littlewood, R.","contributorId":26587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littlewood","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031588,"text":"70031588 - 2007 - Downhole receiver function: A case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031588","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downhole receiver function: A case study","docAbstract":"Receiver function is defined as the spectral ratio of the radial component and the vertical component of the ground motion. It is used to characterize converted waves. We extend the use of the receiver function to downhole data using waves recorded in a borehole, excited by an earthquake of magnitude 4.0 near San Francisco, California, on 26 June 1994. The focal depth of the event was 6.6 km and the epicenter was located at a distance of 12.6 km from the borehole array. Six three-component sensors were located at different depths in a borehole. To extract a coherent response of the near-surface from the incoherent earthquake waves, we deconvolve the waves recorded by the sensors at different depths with the waves recorded by the sensor on the surface. Deconvolution applied to the waves in the S-time window recorded by the radial component result in an upgoing and a downgoing wave propagating with S-wave velocity. For the waves in the P-time window recorded by the radial component, deconvolution also gives an upgoing and a down-going wave propagating with S-wave velocity. This interesting result suggests a P-to-S conversion at a depth below the deepest sensor. To diagnose this we compute the receiver function for the borehole recording of the earthquake waves. The receiver function shows an upgoing wave with an arrival close to time t = 0 for the deepest sensor. The agreement of the upgoing wave in the receiver function with the travel-time curve for the P-to-S converted wave, calculated using the P- and the S-wave velocity profile, supports the hypothesis of a pronounced P-to-S conversion. We present a synthetic example to illustrate that the first arrival of the receiver function applied to borehole data gives the upward-propagating P-to-S converted wave. To corroborate the observation of the mode conversion, we apply receiver function to a different earthquake data recorded by the same borehole array in 1998. The focal depth of the event was 6.9 km and the epicenter was located at a distance of 13 km from the borehole array. The receiver function for these data also show an upgoing wave with a pulse close to time t = 0 at the deepest sensor. The moveout of the upgoing wave agrees with the travel-time curve for the P-to-S converted wave, hence supporting our observation of the mode conversion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120060256","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Mehta, K., Snieder, R., and Graizer, V., 2007, Downhole receiver function: A case study: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 5, p. 1396-1403, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060256.","startPage":"1396","endPage":"1403","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060256"},{"id":239970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b2e4b0c8380cd505fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehta, K.","contributorId":60440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehta","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieder, R.","contributorId":63924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graizer, V.","contributorId":88930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graizer","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}