{"pageNumber":"2343","pageRowStart":"58550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70032861,"text":"70032861 - 2007 - Seismotectonic implications of sand blows in the southern Mississippi Embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-04T11:00:52.06882","indexId":"70032861","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismotectonic implications of sand blows in the southern Mississippi Embayment","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id23\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id24\"><p>We explore seismically-induced sand blows from the southern Mississippi Embayment and their implications in resolving the question of near or distal epicentral source region. This was accomplished using aerial photography, field excavations, and cone penetration tests. Our analysis shows that three sand blow fields exhibit a distinct chronology of strong ground motion for the southern embayment: (1) The Ashley County, Arkansas sand blow field, near the Arkansas/Louisiana state border, experienced four Holocene sand venting episodes; (2) to the north, the Desha County field experienced at least three episodes of liquefaction; and (3) the Lincoln–Jefferson Counties field experienced at least one episode. Cone penetration tests (CPT) conducted in and between the sand blow fields suggest that the fields may not be distal liquefaction associated with New Madrid seismic zone earthquakes but rather are likely associated with strong earthquakes on local faults. This conclusion is consistent with the differences in timing of the southern embayment sand venting episodes and those in the New Madrid seismic zone. These results suggest that active tectonism and strong seismicity in intraplate North America may not be localized at isolated weak spots, but rather widespread on fault systems that are favorably oriented for slip in the contemporary stress field.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.11.002","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Cox, R., Hill, A., Larsen, D., Holzer, T., Forman, S., Noce, T., Gardner, C., and Morat, J., 2007, Seismotectonic implications of sand blows in the southern Mississippi Embayment: Engineering Geology, v. 89, no. 3-4, p. 278-299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.11.002.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"278","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8bd3e4b08c986b317af5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, R.T.","contributorId":17053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, A.A.","contributorId":14647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larsen, D.","contributorId":96904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holzer, T.","contributorId":17368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forman, S.L.","contributorId":38597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forman","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noce, T.","contributorId":31994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noce","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gardner, C.","contributorId":57402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morat, J.","contributorId":105542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70033051,"text":"70033051 - 2007 - The lakes of Titan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T16:40:59","indexId":"70033051","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The lakes of Titan","docAbstract":"<p><span>The surface of Saturn’s haze-shrouded moon Titan has long been proposed to have oceans or lakes, on the basis of the stability of liquid methane at the surface</span><sup>1,2</sup><span>. Initial visible</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;and radar</span><sup>4,5</sup><span>&nbsp;imaging failed to find any evidence of an ocean, although abundant evidence was found that flowing liquids have existed on the surface</span><sup>5,6</sup><span>. Here we provide definitive evidence for the presence of lakes on the surface of Titan, obtained during the Cassini Radar flyby of Titan on 22 July 2006 (T</span><sub>16</sub><span>). The radar imaging polewards of 70° north shows more than 75 circular to irregular radar-dark patches, in a region where liquid methane and ethane are expected to be abundant and stable on the surface</span><sup>2,7</sup><span>. The radar-dark patches are interpreted as lakes on the basis of their very low radar reflectivity and morphological similarities to lakes, including associated channels and location in topographic depressions. Some of the lakes do not completely fill the depressions in which they lie, and apparently dry depressions are present. We interpret this to indicate that lakes are present in a number of states, including partly dry and liquid-filled. These northern-hemisphere lakes constitute the strongest evidence yet that a condensable-liquid hydrological cycle is active in Titan’s surface and atmosphere, in which the lakes are filled through rainfall and/or intersection with the subsurface ‘liquid methane’ table.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature05438","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Stofan, E.R., Elachi, C., Lunine, J.I., Lorenz, R.D., Stiles, B., Mitchell, K.L., Ostro, S., Soderblom, L.A., Wood, C., Zebker, H., Wall, S., Janssen, M.A., Kirk, R.L., Lopes, R., Paganelli, F., Radebaugh, J., Wye, L., Anderson, Y., Allison, M., Boehmer, R., Callahan, P., Encrenaz, P., Flamini, E., Francescetti, G., Gim, Y., Hamilton, G., Hensley, S., Johnson, W., Kelleher, K., Muhleman, D., Paillou, P., Picardi, G., Posa, F., Roth, L., Seu, R., Shaffer, S., Vetrella, S., and West, R., 2007, The lakes of Titan: Nature, v. 445, no. 7123, p. 61-64, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05438.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150408-080531263","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"445","issue":"7123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad7ae4b08c986b323c31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stofan, Ellen R.","contributorId":103746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stofan","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elachi, Charles","contributorId":211194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunine, Jonathan I.","contributorId":82447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, Ralf D.","contributorId":147255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Ralf","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stiles, B.","contributorId":59547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mitchell, K. L.","contributorId":62734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ostro, S.","contributorId":78924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostro","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wood, C.","contributorId":27674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zebker, H.","contributorId":25276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wall, S.","contributorId":103774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Janssen, Michael A.","contributorId":211182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janssen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 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G.","contributorId":72996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francescetti","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Gim, Y.","contributorId":14934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gim","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Hamilton, G.","contributorId":108236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Hensley, S.","contributorId":6175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Johnson, W.T.K.","contributorId":27174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Kelleher, K.","contributorId":102677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelleher","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Muhleman, D.","contributorId":82515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhleman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Paillou, Philipe","contributorId":211181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillou","given":"Philipe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Picardi, G.","contributorId":21674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picardi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Posa, F.","contributorId":43552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Posa","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Roth, L.","contributorId":70978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Seu, R.","contributorId":53509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seu","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Shaffer, S.","contributorId":89709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"West, R.","contributorId":26996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38}]}}
,{"id":70030194,"text":"70030194 - 2007 - Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030194","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA","docAbstract":"Recent studies have demonstrated that fish feeds contain significant concentrations of contaminants, many of which can bioaccumulate and bioconcentrate in fish. Organochlorine (OC) contaminants are present in the fish oils and fish meals used in feed manufacture, and some researchers speculate that all fish feeds contain measurable levels of some contaminants. To determine the concentration of contaminants in feeds used in US Fish and Wildlife Service's National Fish Hatcheries, we systematically collected samples of feed from 11 cold-water fish hatcheries. All samples (collected from October 2001 to October 2003) contained at least one polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener, or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolite. Of the 55 samples in which they were analyzed 39 contained PCDDs, 24 contained PCDFs and 24 contained DDT or its metabolites. There were 10- to 150-fold differences in concentrations of total PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs and DDT. Although PCBs were the most commonly detected contaminant in our study, concentrations (range: 0.07-10.46 ng g-1 wet weight) were low compared to those reported previously. In general, we also found lower levels of OCs than reported previously in fish feed. Perhaps most notable was the near absence of OC pesticides - except for DDT or its metabolites, and two samples containing hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). While contaminant concentrations were generally low, the ecological impacts can not be determined without a measure of the bioaccumulation of these compounds in the fish and the fate of these compounds after the fish are released. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.029","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., Gannam, A., and Davis, J., 2007, Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA: Chemosphere, v. 67, no. 7, p. 1308-1315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.029.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1315","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212139,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.029"},{"id":239575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f570e4b0c8380cd4c215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannam, A.L.","contributorId":81651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannam","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.W.","contributorId":64626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033049,"text":"70033049 - 2007 - A field investigation of phreatophyte‐induced fluctuations in the water table","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T17:32:19","indexId":"70033049","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field investigation of phreatophyte‐induced fluctuations in the water table","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrographs from shallow wells in vegetated riparian zones frequently display a distinctive pattern of diurnal water table fluctuations produced by variations in plant water use. A multisite investigation assessed the major controls on these fluctuations and the ecohydrologic insights that can be gleaned from them. Spatial and temporal variations in the amplitude of the fluctuations are primarily a function of variations in (1) the meteorological drivers of plant water use, (2) vegetation density, type, and vitality, and (3) the specific yield of sediments in the vicinity of the water table. Past hydrologic conditions experienced by the riparian zone vegetation, either in previous years or earlier within the same growing season, are also an important control. Diurnal water table fluctuations can be considered a diagnostic indicator of groundwater consumption by phreatophytes at most sites, so the information embedded within these fluctuations should be more widely exploited in ecohydrologic studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004627","usgsCitation":"Butler, J.J., Kluitenberg, G.J., Whittemore, D.O., Loheide, S.P., Jin, W., Billinger, M.A., and Zhan, X., 2007, A field investigation of phreatophyte‐induced fluctuations in the water table: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 2, Article W02404; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004627.","productDescription":"Article W02404; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004627","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3d3e4b0c8380cd46241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, James J. Jr.","contributorId":199860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kluitenberg, Gerard J.","contributorId":93706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kluitenberg","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loheide, Steven P. II","contributorId":62377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loheide","given":"Steven","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jin, Wei","contributorId":169363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jin","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Billinger, Mark A.","contributorId":117268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Billinger","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhan, Xiaoyong","contributorId":140206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhan","given":"Xiaoyong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033048,"text":"70033048 - 2007 - Using multiple gears to assess acoustic detectability and biomass of fish species in lake superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T12:57:11","indexId":"70033048","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multiple gears to assess acoustic detectability and biomass of fish species in lake superior","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent predator demand and prey supply studies suggest that an annual daytime bottom trawl survey of Lake Superior underestimates prey fish biomass. A multiple-gear (acoustics, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl) nighttime survey has been recommended, but before abandoning a long-term daytime survey the effectiveness of night sampling of important prey species must be verified. We sampled three bottom depths (30, 60, and 120 m) at a Lake Superior site where the fish community included all commercially and ecologically important species. Day and night samples were collected within 48 h at all depths during eight different periods (one new and one full moon period during both early summer and late summer to early fall over 2 years). Biomass of demersal and benthic species was higher in night bottom trawl samples than in day bottom trawl samples. Night acoustic collections showed that pelagic fish typically occupied water cooler than 15&deg;C and light levels less than 0.001 lx. Using biomass in night bottom trawls and acoustic biomass above the bottom trawl path, we calculated an index of acoustic detectability for each species. Ciscoes&nbsp;</span><i>Coregonus artedi</i><span>, kiyis&nbsp;</span><i>C. kiyi</i><span>, and rainbow smelt</span><i>Osmerus mordax</i><span>&nbsp;left the bottom at night, whereas bloaters&nbsp;</span><i>C. hoyi</i><span>&nbsp;stayed nearer the bottom. We compared the biomass of important prey species estimated with two survey types: day bottom trawls and night estimates of the entire water column (bottom trawl biomass plus acoustic biomass). The biomass of large ciscoes (&gt;200 mm) was significantly greater when measured at night than when measured during daylight, but the differences for other sizes of important species did not vary significantly by survey type. Nighttime of late summer is a period when conditions for biomass estimation are largely invariant, and all important prey species can be sampled using a multiple-gear approach.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M06-090.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Yule, D., Adams, J., Stockwell, J., and Gorman, O.T., 2007, Using multiple gears to assess acoustic detectability and biomass of fish species in lake superior: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 27, no. 1, p. 106-126, https://doi.org/10.1577/M06-090.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213584,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M06-090.1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc079e4b08c986b32a14c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, J.V.","contributorId":94069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gorman, O. T.","contributorId":104605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033047,"text":"70033047 - 2007 - Characterization of the origin of coalbed gases in southeastern Illinois Basin by compound-specific carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:22","indexId":"70033047","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the origin of coalbed gases in southeastern Illinois Basin by compound-specific carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios","docAbstract":"Coalbed gases and waters from exploratory and production gas wells in the southeastern Illinois Basin were sampled to assess geochemically the origin of coalbed gases, with an emphasis on the Springfield and Seelyville Coal Members that are commercially targeted for coalbed methane production in Indiana. On-line analyses of hydrocarbon gases methane to butanes (C1, C2, C3, n-C4, i-C4) and CO2 yielded gas concentrations, plus ??D and ??13C values. The low thermal maturity of Indiana coals with vitrinite reflectance R0 ??? 0.6% is in agreement with an overwhelmingly biogenic isotopic signature of coalbed gases containing ???96% methane generated via bacterial CO2-reduction. In contrast, thermogenic gas was generated in the stratigraphically equivalent coal beds in western Kentucky's Rough Creek Graben zone where higher maturities of up to R0 ??? 0.8% were reached owing to tectonic and hydrothermal activity. No secondary biogenic methane was observed in more mature western Kentucky coal beds where greater burial depth limits the recharge of meteoric water. Biogenic and thermogenic coalbed gases represent two end-members that are compositionally and isotopically distinct. Microbial biodegradation of thermogenic C2+ hydrocarbon gases in Indiana coal beds preferentially targets C3 and introduces isotope fractionation whereby remaining C3 is enriched in deuterium and 13C.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.005","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Strapoc, D., Mastalerz, M., Eble, C., and Schimmelmann, A., 2007, Characterization of the origin of coalbed gases in southeastern Illinois Basin by compound-specific carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios: Organic Geochemistry, v. 38, no. 2, p. 267-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.005.","startPage":"267","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213583,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.005"},{"id":241221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e6e4b0c8380cd4bfb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strapoc, D.","contributorId":42693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strapoc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.","contributorId":57273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033046,"text":"70033046 - 2007 - Assessing small mammal abundance with track-tube indices and mark-recapture population estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:51:41","indexId":"70033046","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing small mammal abundance with track-tube indices and mark-recapture population estimates","docAbstract":"<p><span>We compared track-tube sampling with mark–recapture livetrapping and evaluated a track-tube index, defined as the number of track tubes with identifiable small mammal tracks during a 4-night period, as a predictor of small mammal abundance estimates in North Dakota grasslands. Meadow voles (</span><i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i><span>) were the most commonly recorded species by both methods, but were underrepresented in track-tube sampling, whereas 13-lined ground squirrels (</span><i>Spermophilus tridecemlineatus</i><span>) and Franklin's ground squirrels (</span><i>S. franklinii</i><span>) were overrepresented in track-tube sampling. Estimates of average species richness were lower from track tubes than from livetrapping. Regression models revealed that the track-tube index was at best a moderately good predictor of small mammal population estimates because both the form (linear versus curvilinear) and slope of the relationship varied between years. In addition, 95% prediction intervals indicated low precision when predicting population estimates from new track-tube index observations. Track tubes required less time and expense than mark–recapture and eliminated handling of small mammals. Using track tubes along with mark–recapture in a double sampling for regression framework would have potential value when attempting to estimate abundance of small mammals over large areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1644/06-MAMM-A-098R1.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Wiewel, A., Clark, W.R., and Sovada, M.A., 2007, Assessing small mammal abundance with track-tube indices and mark-recapture population estimates: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 88, no. 1, p. 250-260, https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-098R1.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477037,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/06-mamm-a-098r1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-098R1.1"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede1e4b0c8380cd49a8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiewel, A.S.","contributorId":8682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiewel","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, William R.","contributorId":174794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sovada, Marsha A. msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":439111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030832,"text":"70030832 - 2007 - Predicting the next storm surge flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030832","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3363,"text":"Sea Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the next storm surge flood","docAbstract":"The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), National Weather Services (NWS) Sterling and Wakefield, Weather Forecast Offices (WFO), and the Chesapeake Bay Observing System (CBOS) jointly developed a prototype system of a regional capability to address national problem. The system was developed to integrate high-resolution atmospheric and hydrodynamic and storm surge models, evaluate the ability of the prototype to predict land inundation in the Washington, D.C., and provide flooding results to Emergency Managers (EM) using portive. The system is a potential tool for NWS WFOs to provide support to the EMs, first in the Chesapeake Bay region and then in other coastal regions by applying similar approaches in other coastal and Great Lakes regions. The Chesapeake Inundation Prediction System (CIPS) also is building on the initial prototype to predict the combined effects of storm surge and tidal and river flow inundation in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00933651","usgsCitation":"Stamey, B., Wang, H., and Koterba, M., 2007, Predicting the next storm surge flood: Sea Technology, v. 48, no. 8, p. 10-15.","startPage":"10","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81d2e4b0c8380cd7b759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamey, B.","contributorId":12190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamey","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Hongfang","contributorId":92635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koterba, M.","contributorId":102199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koterba","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032862,"text":"70032862 - 2007 - Trends in monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal-care products in the aquatic environment by use of passive sampling devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T12:33:43","indexId":"70032862","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":764,"text":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal-care products in the aquatic environment by use of passive sampling devices","docAbstract":"<p>The use of passive sampling in monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal-care products (PPCPs) in the aquatic environment is discussed. The utility of passive sampling methods for monitoring the fraction of heavy metals and the biologically available fraction of non-polar organic priority pollutants is recognized and these technologies are being used in surveys of water quality. These devices are used to measure the dissolved fraction and they can yield information that can be used in the development of risk assessments models. These devices can also be used to locate illegal dumping and to monitor specific sources of input of PPCPs into the environment, or to monitor the effectiveness of water treatment processes in the removal of these compounds from wastewater. These devices can provide representative information at low cost which necessitate a combination of laboratory calibration and field studies for emerging pollutants.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00216-006-0773-y","issn":"16182642","usgsCitation":"Mills, G., Vrana, B., Allan, I., Alvarez, D., Huckins, J., and Greenwood, R., 2007, Trends in monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal-care products in the aquatic environment by use of passive sampling devices: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, v. 387, no. 4, p. 1153-1157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0773-y.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1157","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"387","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7f0e4b08c986b3275a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, G.A.","contributorId":48768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vrana, B.","contributorId":15415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrana","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allan, I.","contributorId":96905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allan","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greenwood, R.","contributorId":40434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032864,"text":"70032864 - 2007 - Understanding Merapi-type volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-05T09:59:20","indexId":"70032864","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding Merapi-type volcanoes","docAbstract":"<p>\"We have to understand volcano science to know what to monitor.” That simple statement by Antonius Ratdomopurbo, director of the Indonesian Center for Volcano Technology [Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan‐Teknologi (BPPTK)],captured the spirit and content of a recent workshop about Merapi and Merapi‐type volcanoes.</p><p>Merapi still is experiencing low levels of unrest, following a peak in eruptive activity on 14 June 2006, when pyroclastic flows swept into the evacuated village of Kali Adem and killed two workers who refused to leave. The volcano is an essential element that underlies life in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: It is a constant reminder of the perilous beauty as well as the mystical stature of volcanoes in Indonesia, the world's most volcanically active country. It also is a proving ground for new technologies and monitoring methods in volcano hazards.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2007EO010006","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Purbawinata, M., Ratdomopurbo, A., Surono, Pallister, J.S., Luehr, B., and Newhall, C., 2007, Understanding Merapi-type volcanoes: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 88, no. 1, p. 5-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007EO010006.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213777,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007EO010006"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc4de4b08c986b328b59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purbawinata, M.A.","contributorId":101412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purbawinata","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratdomopurbo, Antonius","contributorId":22523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratdomopurbo","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Surono","contributorId":128095,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Surono","id":535159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luehr, B.","contributorId":86570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luehr","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Newhall, Chris","contributorId":9417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033091,"text":"70033091 - 2007 - Diamondoid hydrocarbons as a molecular proxy for thermal maturity and oil cracking: Geochemical models from hydrous pyrolysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033091","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diamondoid hydrocarbons as a molecular proxy for thermal maturity and oil cracking: Geochemical models from hydrous pyrolysis","docAbstract":"A series of isothermal hydrous pyrolysis experiments was performed on immature sedimentary rocks and peats of different lithology and organic source input to explore the generation of diamondoids during the thermal maturation of sediments. Oil generation curves indicate that peak oil yields occur between 340 and 360 ??C, followed by intense oil cracking in different samples. The biomarker maturity parameters appear to be insensitive to thermal maturation as most of the isomerization ratios of molecular biomarkers in the pyrolysates have reached their equilibrium values. Diamondoids are absent from immature peat extracts, but exist in immature sedimentary rocks in various amounts. This implies that they are not products of biosynthesis and that they may be generated during diagenesis, not just catagenesis and cracking. Most importantly, the concentrations of diamondoids are observed to increase with thermal stress, suggesting that they can be used as a molecular proxy for thermal maturity of source rocks and crude oils. Their abundance is most sensitive to thermal exposure above temperatures of 360-370 ??C (R0 = 1.3-1.5%) for the studied samples, which corresponds to the onset of intense cracking of other less stable components. Below these temperatures, diamondoids increase gradually due to competing processes of generation and dilution. Calibrations were developed between their concentrations and measured vitrinite reflectance through hydrous pyrolysis maturation of different types of rocks and peats. The geochemical models obtained from these methods may provide an alterative approach for determining thermal maturity of source rocks and crude oils, particularly in mature to highly mature Paleozoic carbonates. In addition, the extent of oil cracking was quantified using the concentrations of diamondoids in hydrous pyrolysates of rocks and peats, verifying that these hydrocarbons are valuable indicators of oil cracking in nature. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.011","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Wei, Z., Moldowan, J., Zhang, S., Hill, R., Jarvie, D., Wang, H., Song, F., and Fago, F., 2007, Diamondoid hydrocarbons as a molecular proxy for thermal maturity and oil cracking: Geochemical models from hydrous pyrolysis: Organic Geochemistry, v. 38, no. 2, p. 227-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.011.","startPage":"227","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.09.011"},{"id":240885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00a7e4b0c8380cd4f840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wei, Z.","contributorId":12675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moldowan, J.M.","contributorId":78527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moldowan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, S.","contributorId":51064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, R.","contributorId":88936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jarvie, D.M.","contributorId":69768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvie","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Hongfang","contributorId":92635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Song, F.","contributorId":64035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fago, F.","contributorId":14640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fago","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70030833,"text":"70030833 - 2007 - Improving GPR image resolution in lossy ground using dispersive migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030833","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Improving GPR image resolution in lossy ground using dispersive migration","docAbstract":"As a compact wave packet travels through a dispersive medium, it becomes dilated and distorted. As a result, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys over conductive and/or lossy soils often result in poor image resolution. A dispersive migration method is presented that combines an inverse dispersion filter with frequency-domain migration. The method requires a fully characterized GPR system including the antenna response, which is a function of the local soil properties for ground-coupled antennas. The GPR system response spectrum is used to stabilize the inverse dispersion filter. Dispersive migration restores attenuated spectral components when the signal-to-noise ratio is adequate. Applying the algorithm to simulated data shows that the improved spatial resolution is significant when data are acquired with a GPR system having 120 dB or more of dynamic range, and when the medium has a loss tangent of 0.3 or more. Results also show that dispersive migration provides no significant advantage over conventional migration when the loss tangent is less than 0.3, or when using a GPR system with a small dynamic range. ?? 2007 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2006.888933","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Oden, C., Powers, M., Wright, D., and Olhoeft, G., 2007, Improving GPR image resolution in lossy ground using dispersive migration, <i>in</i> IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 45, no. 8, p. 2492-2499, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.888933.","startPage":"2492","endPage":"2499","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211439,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.888933"},{"id":238730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a396de4b0c8380cd61907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, C.P.","contributorId":13413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, M.H.","contributorId":40352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olhoeft, G.R.","contributorId":10405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olhoeft","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030127,"text":"70030127 - 2007 - Winter behavior and ecology of the Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) in Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70030127","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2967,"text":"Ornitologia Neotropical","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter behavior and ecology of the Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) in Peru","docAbstract":"The winter ecology and behavior of Alder Flycatchers (Empidonax alnorum) were studied along the Manu, a white-water meander river in Manu National Park, Madre de Dios, Peru?? during October and November, 1993 to 1997. The birds occupied territories in primary-succession habitats on growing point bars. They were most common in mixed stands of Tessaria integrifolia (Asteraceae) and Gynerium sagittatum (Gramineaceae) interspersed with bare sand areas. The uneven height of the Tessaria canopy, which resulted in openings in the vegetation large enough for the birds to flycatch, was an important habitat feature. Birds obtained insects, which formed about 96% of the diet, by aerial hawking (91%), perch gleaning (6%), and hover gleaning (3%). They also fed on fruit. Territory sizes ranged from 0.04 to 0.25 ha. Of nine territories that we observed closely, six were occupied by two birds each, two by one bird each, and one by three birds. Every territory had one dominant individual who was primarily responsible for territory defense; the other birds were associates. Vocalizations given included the fee-bee-o song, a two-syllable song, nd the pit note, which are also given on the breeding grounds. A series of pits given increasingly rapidly signaled a territorial interaction. In aggressive encounters, the birds (1) interacted vocally, remaining on their territories and counter calling or exchanging agitated calls; (2) moved toward a common territorial boundary and engaged in a vocal duel; or (3) the dominant chased intruders out of the territory. Chases were most common when a wave of new birds entered the area. Dominant birds, which sang the full song, were probably adult males. Immature males do not sing a full song, and females are not known to sing in nature. Associate individuals were likely females or young males. ?? The Neotropical Ornithological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ornitologia Neotropical","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10754377","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., 2007, Winter behavior and ecology of the Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) in Peru: Ornitologia Neotropical, v. 18, no. 2, p. 171-186.","startPage":"171","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd138e4b08c986b32f2d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030129,"text":"70030129 - 2007 - 1400 yr multiproxy record of climate variability from the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T13:39:56","indexId":"70030129","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"1400 yr multiproxy record of climate variability from the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"A continuous decadal-scale resolution record of climate variability over the past 1400 yr in the northern Gulf of Mexico was constructed from a box core recovered in the Pigmy Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico. Proxies include paired analyses of Mg/Ca and δ<sup>18</sup>O in the white variety of the planktic foraminifer <i>Globigerinoides ruber</i> and relative abundance variations of <i>G. sacculifer</i> in the foraminifer assemblages. Two multi-decadal intervals of sustained high Mg/Ca indicate that Gulf of Mexico sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were as warm or warmer than near-modern conditions between 1000 and 1400 yr B.P. Foraminiferal Mg/Ca during the coolest interval of the Little Ice Age (ca. 250 yr B.P.) indicate that SST was 2–2.5 °C below modern SST. Four minima in the Mg/Ca record between 900 and 250 yr B.P. correspond with the Maunder, Spörer, Wolf, and Oort sunspot minima, suggesting a link between changes in solar insolation and SST variability in the Gulf of Mexico. An abrupt shift recorded in both δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>calcite</sub> and relative abundance of G. sacculifer occurred ca. 600 yr B.P. The shift in the Pigmy Basin record corresponds with a shift in the sea-salt-sodium (ssNa) record from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core, linking changes in high-latitude atmospheric circulation with the subtropical Atlantic Ocean.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G23507A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Richey, J., Poore, R., Flower, B., and Quinn, T.M., 2007, 1400 yr multiproxy record of climate variability from the northern Gulf of Mexico: Geology, v. 35, no. 5, p. 423-426, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23507A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213107,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23507A.1"},{"id":240698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e226e4b0c8380cd459ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richey, J.N.","contributorId":37156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flower, B.P.","contributorId":7301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flower","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinn, T. M.","contributorId":71320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030130,"text":"70030130 - 2007 - Ground water stratification and delivery of nitrate to an incised stream under varying flow conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:52:23","indexId":"70030130","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water stratification and delivery of nitrate to an incised stream under varying flow conditions","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water processes affecting seasonal variations of surface water nitrate concentrations were investigated in an incised first-order stream in an agricultural watershed with a riparian forest in the coastal plain of Maryland. Aquifer characteristics including sediment stratigraphy, geochemistry, and hydraulic properties were examined in combination with chemical and isotopic analyses of ground water, macropore discharge, and stream water. The ground water flow system exhibits vertical stratification of hydraulic properties and redox conditions, with sub-horizontal boundaries that extend beneath the field and adjacent riparian forest. Below the minimum water table position, ground water age gradients indicate low recharge rates (2-5 cm yr-1) and long residence times (years to decades), whereas the transient ground water wedge between the maximum and minimum water table positions has a relatively short residence time (months to years), partly because of an upward increase in hydraulic conductivity. Oxygen reduction and denitrification in recharging ground waters are coupled with pyrite oxidation near the minimum water table elevation in a mottled weathering zone in Tertiary marine glauconitic sediments. The incised stream had high nitrate concentrations during high flow conditions when much of the ground water was transmitted rapidly across the riparian zone in a shallow oxic aquifer wedge with abundant outflow macropores, and low nitrate concentrations during low flow conditions when the oxic wedge was smaller and stream discharge was dominated by upwelling from the deeper denitrified parts of the aquifer. Results from this and similar studies illustrate the importance of near-stream geomorphology and subsurface geology as controls of riparian zone function and delivery of nitrate to streams in agricultural watersheds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0084","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J.K., O’Connell, M.E., and Prestegaard, K., 2007, Ground water stratification and delivery of nitrate to an incised stream under varying flow conditions: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 36, no. 3, p. 664-680, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0084.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"664","endPage":"680","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213108,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0084"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2b27e4b0c8380cd5b745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, M. E.","contributorId":64033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prestegaard, K.L.","contributorId":51545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prestegaard","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032886,"text":"70032886 - 2007 - In situ quantitative analysis of individual H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions by laser Raman spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032886","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ quantitative analysis of individual H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions by laser Raman spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Raman spectral parameters for the Raman ??1 (1285??cm- 1) and 2??2 (1388??cm- 1) bands for CO2 and for the O-H stretching vibration band of H2O (3600??cm- 1) were determined in H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions. Synthetic fluid inclusions containing 2.5 to 50??mol% CO2 were analyzed at temperatures equal to or greater than the homogenization temperature. The results were used to develop an empirical relationship between composition and Raman spectral parameters. The linear peak intensity ratio (IR = ICO2/(ICO2 + IH2O)) is related to the CO2 concentration in the inclusion according to the relation:Mole % C O2 = e- 3.959 IR2 + 8.0734 IRwhere ICO2 is the intensity of the 1388 cm- 1 peak and IH2O is the intensity of the 3600 cm- 1 peak. The relationship between linear peak intensity and composition was established at 350????C for compositions ranging from 2.5 to 50??mol% CO2. The CO2-H2O linear peak intensity ratio (IR) varies with temperature and the relationship between composition and IR is strictly valid only if the inclusions are analyzed at 350????C. The peak area ratio is defined as AR = ACO2/(ACO2 + AH2O), where ACO2 is the integrated area under the 1388??cm- 1 peak and AH2O is the integrated area under the 3600??cm- 1 peak. The relationship between peak area ratio (AR) and the CO2 concentration in the inclusions is given as:Mole % C O2 = 312.5 AR. The equation relating peak area ratio and composition is valid up to 25??mol% CO2 and from 300 to 450????C. The relationship between linear peak intensity ratio and composition should be used for inclusions containing ??? 50??mol% CO2 and which can be analyzed at 350????C. The relationship between composition and peak area ratios should be used when analyzing inclusions at temperatures less than or greater than 350????C (300-450) but can only be used for compositions ??? 25??mol% CO2. Note that this latter relationship has a somewhat larger standard deviation compared to the intensity ratio relationship. Calibration relationships employing peak areas for both members of the Fermi diad (??1 at 1285??cm- 1 and 2??2 at 1388??cm- 1) were slightly poorer than those using only the 2??2 (1388??cm- 1) member owing to interference from quartz peak at approximately 1160??cm- 1. The technique has been applied to natural low-salinity H2O-CO2 inclusions from the Butte, Montana, porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit. Carbon dioxide concentrations obtained range from below detection to 4.2??mol% CO2, and are in good agreement with concentrations determined previously based on microthermometric and petrographic observations. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.025","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Azbej, T., Severs, M., Rusk, B., and Bodnar, R., 2007, In situ quantitative analysis of individual H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions by laser Raman spectroscopy: Chemical Geology, v. 237, no. 3-4, p. 255-263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.025.","startPage":"255","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.025"}],"volume":"237","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39aae4b0c8380cd619d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Azbej, T.","contributorId":84570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azbej","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severs, M.J.","contributorId":78560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severs","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rusk, B.G.","contributorId":48667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"B.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodnar, R.J.","contributorId":57065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodnar","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032887,"text":"70032887 - 2007 - Effects of intermittent flow and irradiance level on back reef Porites corals at elevated seawater temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032887","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of intermittent flow and irradiance level on back reef Porites corals at elevated seawater temperatures","docAbstract":"Corals inhabiting shallow back reef habitats are often simultaneously exposed to elevated seawater temperatures and high irradiance levels, conditions known to cause coral bleaching. Water flow in many tropical back reef systems is tidally influenced, resulting in semi-diurnal or diurnal flow patterns. Controlled experiments were conducted to test effects of semi-diurnally intermittent water flow on photoinhibition and bleaching of the corals Porites lobata and P. cylindrica kept at elevated seawater temperatures and different irradiance levels. All coral colonies were collected from a shallow back reef pool on Ofu Island, American Samoa. In the high irradiance experiments, photoinhibition and bleaching were less for both species in the intermittent high-low flow treatment than in the constant low flow treatment. In the low irradiance experiments, there were no differences in photoinhibition or bleaching for either species between the flow treatments, despite continuously elevated seawater temperatures. These results suggest that intermittent flow associated with semi-diurnal tides, and low irradiances caused by turbidity or shading, may reduce photoinhibition and bleaching of back reef corals during warming events. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.053","issn":"00220981","usgsCitation":"Smith, L., and Birkeland, C., 2007, Effects of intermittent flow and irradiance level on back reef Porites corals at elevated seawater temperatures: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 341, no. 2, p. 282-294, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.053.","startPage":"282","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213655,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.053"}],"volume":"341","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0728e4b0c8380cd515a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, L.W.","contributorId":52992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birkeland, C.","contributorId":62841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkeland","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030124,"text":"70030124 - 2007 - Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:03:16","indexId":"70030124","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"<p>A realistic description of how temperatures vary with elevation is crucial for ecosystem studies and for models of basin-scale snowmelt and spring streamflow. This paper explores surface temperature variability using temperature data from an array of 37 sensors, called the Yosemite network, which traverses both slopes of the Sierra Nevada in the vicinity of Yosemite National Park, California. These data indicate that a simple lapse rate is often a poor description of the spatial temperature structure. Rather, the spatial pattern of temperature over the Yosemite network varies considerably with synoptic conditions. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) were used to identify the dominant spatial temperature patterns and how they vary in time. Temporal variations of these surface temperature patterns were correlated with large-scale weather conditions, as described by National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis data. Regression equations were used to downscale larger-scale weather parameters, such as Reanalysis winds and pressure, to the surface temperature structure over the Yosemite network. These relationships demonstrate that strong westerly winds are associated with relatively warmer temperatures on the east slope and cooler temperatures on the west slope of the Sierra, and weaker westerly winds are associated with the opposite pattern. Reanalysis data from 1948 to 2005 indicate weakening westerlies over this time period, a trend leading to relatively cooler temperatures on the east slope over decadal timescale's. This trend also appears in long-term observations and demonstrates the need to consider topographic effects when examining long-term changes in mountain regions. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JD007561","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., and Cayan, D., 2007, Surface temperature patterns in complex terrain: Daily variations and long-term change in the central Sierra Nevada, California: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 112, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007561.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007561"}],"volume":"112","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fc1e4b08c986b31e7f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030843,"text":"70030843 - 2007 - A simple model for calculating tsunami flow speed from tsunami deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-27T12:14:16.160085","indexId":"70030843","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple model for calculating tsunami flow speed from tsunami deposits","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p>This paper presents a simple model for tsunami sedimentation that can be applied to calculate tsunami flow speed from the thickness and grain size of a tsunami deposit (the inverse problem). For sandy tsunami deposits where grain size and thickness vary gradually in the direction of transport, tsunami sediment transport is modeled as a steady, spatially uniform process. The amount of sediment in suspension is assumed to be in equilibrium with the steady portion of the long period, slowing varying uprush portion of the tsunami. Spatial flow deceleration is assumed to be small and not to contribute significantly to the tsunami deposit. Tsunami deposits are formed from sediment settling from the water column when flow speeds on land go to zero everywhere at the time of maximum tsunami inundation. There is little erosion of the deposit by return flow because it is a slow flow and is concentrated in topographic lows. Variations in grain size of the deposit are found to have more effect on calculated tsunami flow speed than deposit thickness. The model is tested using field data collected at Arop, Papua New Guinea soon after the 1998 tsunami. Speed estimates of 14&nbsp;m/s at 200&nbsp;m inland from the shoreline compare favorably with those from a 1-D inundation model and from application of Bernoulli's principle to water levels on buildings left standing after the tsunami. As evidence that the model is applicable to some sandy tsunami deposits, the model reproduces the observed normal grading and vertical variation in sorting and skewness of a deposit formed by the 1998 tsunami.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.013","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Jaffe, B.E., and Gelfenbuam, G., 2007, A simple model for calculating tsunami flow speed from tsunami deposits: Sedimentary Geology, v. 200, no. 3-4, p. 347-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.013.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"361","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"200","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e590e4b0c8380cd46e1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbuam, G.","contributorId":51536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbuam","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032888,"text":"70032888 - 2007 - Latitudinal variation in population structure of wintering Pacific Black Brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:46:01","indexId":"70032888","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latitudinal variation in population structure of wintering Pacific Black Brant","docAbstract":"<p><span>Latitudinal variation in population structure during the winter has been reported in many migratory birds, but has been documented in few species of waterfowl. Variation in environmental and social conditions at wintering sites can potentially influence the population dynamics of differential migrants. We examined latitudinal variation in sex and age classes of wintering Pacific Black Brant (</span><i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i><span>). Brant are distributed along a wide latitudinal gradient from Alaska to Mexico during the winter. Accordingly, migration distances for brant using different wintering locations are highly variable and winter settlement patterns are likely associated with a spatially variable food resource. We used resightings of brant banded in southwestern Alaska to examine sex and age ratios of birds wintering at Boundary Bay in British Columbia, and at San Quintin Bay, Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, and San Ignacio Lagoon in Baja California from 1998 to 2000. Sex ratios were similar among wintering locations for adults and were consistent with the mating strategy of geese. The distribution of juveniles varied among wintering areas, with greater proportions of juveniles observed at northern (San Quintin Bay and Ojo de Liebre Lagoon) than at southern (San Ignacio Lagoon) locations in Baja California. We suggest that age-related variation in the winter distribution of Pacific Black Brant is mediated by variation in productivity among individuals at different wintering locations and by social interactions among wintering family groups.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00087.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Schamber, J., Sedinger, J.S., Ward, D.H., and Hagmeier, K., 2007, Latitudinal variation in population structure of wintering Pacific Black Brant: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 78, no. 1, p. 74-82, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00087.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213683,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00087.x"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4586e4b0c8380cd673c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schamber, J.L.","contributorId":92012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schamber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagmeier, K.R.","contributorId":66924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagmeier","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032890,"text":"70032890 - 2007 - Can modeling improve estimation of desert tortoise population densities?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032890","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can modeling improve estimation of desert tortoise population densities?","docAbstract":"The federally listed desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) is currently monitored using distance sampling to estimate population densities. Distance sampling, as with many other techniques for estimating population density, assumes that it is possible to quantify the proportion of animals available to be counted in any census. Because desert tortoises spend much of their life in burrows, and the proportion of tortoises in burrows at any time can be extremely variable, this assumption is difficult to meet. This proportion of animals available to be counted is used as a correction factor (g0) in distance sampling and has been estimated from daily censuses of small populations of tortoises (6-12 individuals). These censuses are costly and produce imprecise estimates of g0 due to small sample sizes. We used data on tortoise activity from a large (N = 150) experimental population to model activity as a function of the biophysical attributes of the environment, but these models did not improve the precision of estimates from the focal populations. Thus, to evaluate how much of the variance in tortoise activity is apparently not predictable, we assessed whether activity on any particular day can predict activity on subsequent days with essentially identical environmental conditions. Tortoise activity was only weakly correlated on consecutive days, indicating that behavior was not repeatable or consistent among days with similar physical environments. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/05-1970","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Nussear, K., and Tracy, C., 2007, Can modeling improve estimation of desert tortoise population densities?: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 2, p. 579-586, https://doi.org/10.1890/05-1970.","startPage":"579","endPage":"586","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1970"},{"id":241368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f336e4b0c8380cd4b67c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nussear, K.E.","contributorId":80227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tracy, C.R.","contributorId":73524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030845,"text":"70030845 - 2007 - Population status of North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T16:17:14","indexId":"70030845","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population status of North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris","docAbstract":"<p>North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, was petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The two questions that need to be answered when considering an ESA listing are; (1) Is the entity a species under the ESA and if so (2) is the \"species\" in danger of extinction or likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range? Green sturgeon genetic analyses showed strong differentiation between northern and southern populations, and therefore, the species was divided into Northern and Southern Distinct Population Segments (DPSs). The Northern DPS includes populations in the Rogue, Klamath-Trinity, and Eel rivers, while the Southern DPS only includes a single population in the Sacramento River. The principal risk factors for green sturgeon include loss of spawning habitat, harvest, and entrainment. The Northern DPS is not considered to be in danger of extinction or likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future. The loss of spawning habitat is not large enough to threaten this DPS, although the Eel River has been severely impacted by sedimentation due to poor land use practices and floods. The two main spawning populations in the Rogue and Klamath-Trinity rivers occupy separate basins reducing the potential for loss of the DPS through catastrophic events. Harvest has been substantially reduced and green sturgeon in this DPS do not face substantial entrainment loss. However there are significant concerns due to lack of information, flow and temperature issues, and habitat degradation. The Southern DPS is considered likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future. Green sturgeon in this DPS are concentrated into one spawning area outside of their natural habitat in the Sacramento River, making them vulnerable to catastrophic extinction. Green sturgeon spawning areas have been lost from the area above Shasta Dam on the Sacramento River and Oroville Dam on the Feather River. Entrainment of individuals into water diversion projects is an additional source of risk, and the large decline in numbers of green sturgeon entrained since 1986 causes additional concern. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10641-006-9062-z","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Adams, P., Grimes, C., Hightower, J., Lindley, S., Moser, M., and Parsley, M., 2007, Population status of North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 79, no. 3-4, p. 339-356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9062-z.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"356","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211610,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9062-z"},{"id":238927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d95e4b0c8380cd7a031","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, P.B.","contributorId":22576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimes, C.","contributorId":55205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindley, S.T.","contributorId":58458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindley","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moser, M.L.","contributorId":92006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030847,"text":"70030847 - 2007 - First evidence of egg deposition by walleye (<i>Sander vitreus</i>) in the Detroit River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-29T09:44:53","indexId":"70030847","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First evidence of egg deposition by walleye (<i>Sander vitreus</i>) in the Detroit River","docAbstract":"<p><span>The importance of fish spawning habitat in channels connecting the Great Lakes to fishery productivity in those lakes is poorly understood and has not been adequately documented. The Detroit River is a reputed spawning and nursery area for many fish, including walleye (</span><i>Sander vitreus</i><span>) that migrate between adjacent Lakes Erie and St. Clair. During April&ndash;May 2004, near the head of the Detroit River, we collected 136 fish eggs from the bottom of the river on egg mats. We incubated the eggs at the Great Lakes Science Center until they hatched. All eleven larvae that hatched from the eggs were identified as walleye. These eggs and larvae are the first credible scientific evidence that walleye spawn in the Detroit River. Their origin might be a stock of river-spawning walleye. Such a stock of walleye could potentially add resilience to production by walleye stocks that spawn and are harvested in adjacent waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[512:FEOEDB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Manny, B., Kennedy, G., Allen, J., and French, J.R., 2007, First evidence of egg deposition by walleye (<i>Sander vitreus</i>) in the Detroit River: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. 2, p. 512-516, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[512:FEOEDB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"512","endPage":"516","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1054e4b0c8380cd53c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manny, B.A. 0000-0002-4074-9329","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":6000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, G.W. 0000-0003-1686-6960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":86291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"G.W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, J.D.","contributorId":57656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"French, J. R. P. III","contributorId":47574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030848,"text":"70030848 - 2007 - Evaluation of an experimental LiDAR for surveying a shallow, braided, sand-bedded river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030848","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an experimental LiDAR for surveying a shallow, braided, sand-bedded river","docAbstract":"Reaches of a shallow (<1.0m), braided, sand-bedded river were surveyed in 2002 and 2005 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR (EAARL) and concurrently with conventional survey-grade, real-time kinematic, global positioning system technology. The laser pulses transmitted by the EAARL instrument and the return backscatter waveforms from exposed sand and submerged sand targets in the river were completely digitized and stored for postflight processing. The vertical mapping accuracy of the EAARL was evaluated by comparing the ellipsoidal heights computed from ranging measurements made using an EAARL terrestrial algorithm to nearby (<0.5m apart) ground-truth ellipsoidal heights. After correcting for apparent systematic bias in the surveys, the root mean square error of these heights with the terrestrial algorithm in the 2002 survey was 0.11m for the 26 measurements taken on exposed sand and 0.18m for the 59 measurements taken on submerged sand. In the 2005 survey, the root mean square error was 0.18m for 92 measurements taken on exposed sand and 0.24m for 434 measurements on submerged sand. In submerged areas the waveforms were complicated by reflections from the surface, water column entrained turbidity, and potentially the riverbed. When applied to these waveforms, especially in depths greater than 0.4m, the terrestrial algorithm calculated the range above the riverbed. A bathymetric algorithm has been developed to approximate the position of the riverbed in these convolved waveforms and preliminary results are encouraging. ?? 2007 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:7(838)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Kinzel, P., Wright, C.W., Nelson, J.M., and Burman, A., 2007, Evaluation of an experimental LiDAR for surveying a shallow, braided, sand-bedded river: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 133, no. 7, p. 838-842, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:7(838).","startPage":"838","endPage":"842","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:7(838)"},{"id":238960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c45e4b0c8380cd52ae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinzel, P.J.","contributorId":27834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burman, A.R.","contributorId":92050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burman","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032892,"text":"70032892 - 2007 - Methane gas hydrate effect on sediment acoustic and strength properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T11:55:00","indexId":"70032892","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2419,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane gas hydrate effect on sediment acoustic and strength properties","docAbstract":"<p>To improve our understanding of the interaction of methane gas hydrate with host sediment, we studied: (1) the effects of gas hydrate and ice on acoustic velocity in different sediment types, (2) effect of different hydrate formation mechanisms on measured acoustic properties (3) dependence of shear strength on pore space contents, and (4) pore pressure effects during undrained shear.</p><p>A wide range in acoustic p-wave velocities (V<sub>p</sub>) were measured in coarse-grained sediment for different pore space occupants. V<sub>p</sub> ranged from less than 1 km/s for gas-charged sediment to 1.77–1.94 km/s for water-saturated sediment, 2.91–4.00 km/s for sediment with varying degrees of hydrate saturation, and 3.88–4.33 km/s for frozen sediment. V<sub>p</sub> measured in fine-grained sediment containing gas hydrate was substantially lower (1.97 km/s). Acoustic models based on measured V<sub>p</sub> indicate that hydrate which formed in high gas flux environments can cement coarse-grained sediment, whereas hydrate formed from methane dissolved in the pore fluid may not.</p><p>The presence of gas hydrate and other solid pore-filling material, such as ice, increased the sediment shear strength. The magnitude of that increase is related to the amount of hydrate in the pore space and cementation characteristics between the hydrate and sediment grains. We have found, that for consolidation stresses associated with the upper several hundred meters of sub-bottom depth, pore pressures decreased during shear in coarse-grained sediment containing gas hydrate, whereas pore pressure in fine-grained sediment typically increased during shear. The presence of free gas in pore spaces damped pore pressure response during shear and reduced the strengthening effect of gas hydrate in sands.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.petrol.2006.02.003","issn":"09204105","usgsCitation":"Winters, W., Waite, W., Mason, D., Gilbert, L., and Pecher, I., 2007, Methane gas hydrate effect on sediment acoustic and strength properties: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v. 56, no. 1-3, p. 127-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2006.02.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477008,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1741","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5525e4b0c8380cd6d140","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, W.J.","contributorId":49796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, W.F.","contributorId":40329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, D.H.","contributorId":93952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilbert, L.Y.","contributorId":46754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"L.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pecher, I.A.","contributorId":14011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pecher","given":"I.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}