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,{"id":70031740,"text":"70031740 - 2007 - Ensuring confidence in radionuclide-based sediment chronologies and bioturbation rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T14:01:16","indexId":"70031740","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ensuring confidence in radionuclide-based sediment chronologies and bioturbation rates","docAbstract":"<p>Sedimentary records of naturally occurring and fallout-derived radionuclides are widely used as tools for estimating both the ages of recent sediments and rates of sedimentation and bioturbation. Developing these records to the point of data interpretation requires careful sample collection, processing, analysis and data modeling. In this work, we document a number of potential pitfalls that can impact sediment core records and their interpretation. This paper is not intended as an exhaustive treatment of these potential problems. Rather, the emphasis is on potential problems that are not well documented in the literature, as follows: (1) the mere sampling of sediment cores at a resolution that is too coarse can result in an apparent diffusive mixing of the sedimentary record at rates comparable to diffusive bioturbation rates observed in many locations; (2) <sup>210</sup>Pb profiles in slowly accumulating sediments can easily be misinterpreted to be driven by sedimentation, when in fact bioturbation is the dominant control. Multiple isotopes of different half lives and/or origin may help to distinguish between these two possible interpretations; (3) apparent mixing can occur due simply to numerical artifacts inherent in the finite difference approximations of the advection diffusion equation used to model sedimentation and bioturbation. Model users need to be aware of this potential problem. Solutions to each of these potential pitfalls are offered to ensure the best possible sediment age estimates and/or sedimentation and bioturbation rates can be obtained.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.006","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., and Kenna, T.C., 2007, Ensuring confidence in radionuclide-based sediment chronologies and bioturbation rates: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 537-544, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.006.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"544","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1603","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a097ee4b0c8380cd51f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenna, Timothy C.","contributorId":36754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenna","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031739,"text":"70031739 - 2007 - Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T11:20:41.383437","indexId":"70031739","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Regional ground-water recharge estimates for Minnesota were compared to estimates made on the basis of four local- and basin-scale methods. Three local-scale methods (unsaturated-zone water balance, water-table fluctuations (WTF) using three approaches, and age dating of ground water) yielded point estimates of recharge that represent spatial scales from about 1 to about 1000&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>. A fourth method (RORA, a basin-scale analysis of streamflow records using a recession-curve-displacement technique) yielded recharge estimates at a scale of 10&ndash;1000s of km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. The RORA basin-scale recharge estimates were regionalized to estimate recharge for the entire State of Minnesota on the basis of a regional regression recharge (RRR) model that also incorporated soil and climate data. Recharge rates estimated by the RRR model compared favorably to the local and basin-scale recharge estimates. RRR estimates at study locations were about 41% less on average than the unsaturated-zone water-balance estimates, ranged from 44% greater to 12% less than estimates that were based on the three WTF approaches, were about 4% less than the age dating of ground-water estimates, and were about 5% greater than the RORA estimates. Of the methods used in this study, the WTF method is the simplest and easiest to apply. Recharge estimates made on the basis of the UZWB method were inconsistent with the results from the other methods. Recharge estimates using the RRR model could be a good source of input for regional ground-water flow models; RRR model results currently are being applied for this purpose in USGS studies elsewhere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Healy, R.W., Lorenz, D., and Nimmo, J., 2007, Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 334, no. 1-2, p. 231-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.010.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031640,"text":"70031640 - 2007 - Eo-Ulrichian to Neo-Ulrichian views: The renaissance of \"layer-cake stratigraphy\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031640","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Eo-Ulrichian to Neo-Ulrichian views: The renaissance of \"layer-cake stratigraphy\"","docAbstract":"Classical notions of \"layer-cake stratigraphy\" have been denigrated as representing an antiquated \"Neptunian\" view of the geologic record with the American paleontologist-stratigrapher E.O. Ulrich vilified as its quintessential advocate. Some of the extreme \"layer-cake\" interpretations of E.O. Ulrich are demonstrably incorrect, especially where applied in marginal marine and terrestrial settings. However, close scrutiny of Ulrich's work suggests that the bulk was correct and demonstrated considerable insight for the time. Subsequent development of facies concepts revolutionized geologists' view of time-space relationships in stratigraphy, but rather than focusing on facies patterns within the established stratigraphic (layer-cake) frameworks many geologists in North America came to view strata as parts of diachronous facies mosaics. Recent advances in the development of event and sequence stratigraphic paradigms are beginning to swing the pendulum back the other way. Possible causes of \"layer-cake\" patterns are numerous and varied, including: (1) parallelism of depositional strike and outcrop belts, especially in foreland basins, (2) very widespread environmental belts developed in low-relief cratonic areas, (3) time-averaging homogenizes facies to a limited extent, resulting in a very subtle signature of lateral change, (4) condensed beds (hardgrounds, bone beds, ironstones, etc.) often form in responses to extrabasinal forces, thus they cross-cut facies, and (5) large events (i.e. hurricanes, floods, tsunamis, eruptions, etc.) are \"over represented\" in the rock record. A revised (\"Neo-Ulrichian\") layer-cake paradigm carries many of the original correct empirical observations of pattern, noted by Ulrich, recast in terms of event and sequence stratigraphy.","largerWorkTitle":"Stratigraphy","language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Brett, C.E., McLaughlin, P., and Baird, G., 2007, Eo-Ulrichian to Neo-Ulrichian views: The renaissance of \"layer-cake stratigraphy\", <i>in</i> Stratigraphy, v. 4, no. 2-3, p. 201-215.","startPage":"201","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09f6e4b0c8380cd52126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brett, Carlton E.","contributorId":85774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brett","given":"Carlton","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaughlin, P.I.","contributorId":98113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"P.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baird, G.C.","contributorId":59631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031734,"text":"70031734 - 2007 - USGS: Science to understand and forecast change in coastal ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70031734","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3363,"text":"Sea Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS: Science to understand and forecast change in coastal ecosystems","docAbstract":"The multidisciplinary approach of the US Geological Survey (USGS), a principal science agency of the US Department of the Interior (DOI), to address the complex and cumulative impacts of human activities and natural events on the US coastal ecosystems has been considered remarkable for understanding and forecasting the changes. The USGS helps explain geologic, hydrologic, and biologic systems and their connectivity across landscapes and seascapes along the coastline. The USGS coastal science programs effectively address science and information to other scientists, managers, policy makers, and the public. The USGS provides scientific expertise, capabilities, and services to collaborative federal, regional, and state-led efforts, which are in line with the goals of Ocean Action Plan (OAP) and Ocean Research Priorities Plan (ORPP). The organization is a leader in understanding terrestrial and marine environmental hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and landslides and assessing and forecasting coastal impacts using various specialized visualization techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sea Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00933651","usgsCitation":"Myers, M., 2007, USGS: Science to understand and forecast change in coastal ecosystems: Sea Technology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 11-12.","startPage":"11","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbf3e4b08c986b328920","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, M.","contributorId":24176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70031742,"text":"70031742 - 2007 - Carbon isotopic compositions of organic matter across continental Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary sections: Implications for paleoenvironment after the K-T impact event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031742","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotopic compositions of organic matter across continental Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary sections: Implications for paleoenvironment after the K-T impact event","docAbstract":"To assess the environmental perturbation induced by the impact event that marks the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary, concentrations and isotopic compositions of bulk organic carbon were determined in sedimentary rocks that span the terrestrial K-T boundary at Dogie Creek, Montana, and Brownie Butte, Wyoming in the Western Interior of the United States. The boundary clays at both sites are not bounded by coals. Although coals consist mainly of organic matter derived from plant tissue, siliceous sedimentary rocks, such as shale and clay, may contain organic matter derived from microbiota as well as plants. Coals record ??13C values of plant-derived organic matter, reflecting the ??13C value of atmospheric CO2, whereas siliceous sedimentary rocks record the ??13C values of organic matter derived from plants and microbiota. The microbiota ??13C value reflects not only the ??13C value of atmospheric CO2, but also biological productivity. Therefore, the siliceous rocks from these sites yields information that differs from that obtained previously from coal beds. Across the freshwater K-T boundary at Brownie Butte, the ??13C values decrease by 2.6??? (from - 26.15??? below the boundary clay to - 28.78??? above the boundary clay), similar to the trend in carbonate at marine K-T sites. This means that the organic ??13C values reflect the variation of ??13C of atmospheric CO2, which is in equilibrium with carbon isotopes at the ocean surface. Although a decrease in ??13C values is observed across the K-T boundary at Dogie Creek (from - 25.32??? below the boundary clay to - 26.11??? above the boundary clay), the degree of ??13C-decrease at Dogie Creek is smaller than that at Brownie Butte and that for marine carbonate. About 2??? decrease in ??13C of atmospheric CO2 was expected from the ??13C variation of marine carbonate at the K-T boundary. This ??13C-decrease of atmospheric CO2 should affect the ??13C values of organic matter derived from plant tissue. As such a decrease in ??13C value was not observed at Dogie Creek, a process that compensates the ??13C-decrease of atmospheric CO2 should be involved. For example, the enhanced contribution of 13C-enriched organic matter derived from algae in a high-productivity environment could be responsible. The ??13C values of algal organic matter become higher than, and thus distinguishable from, those of plant organic matter in situations with high productivity, where dissolved HCO3- becomes an important carbon source, as well as dissolved CO2. As the ??13C-decrease of atmospheric CO2 reflected a reduction of marine productivity, the compensation of the ??13C decrease by the enhanced activity of the terrestrial microbiota means that the microbiota at freshwater environment recovered more rapidly than those in the marine environment. A distinct positive ??13C excursion of 2??? in the K-T boundary clays is superimposed on the overall decreasing trend at Dogie Creek; this coincides with an increase in the content of organic carbon. We conclude that the K-T boundary clays include 13C-enriched organic matter derived from highly productive algae. Such a high biological productivity was induced by phenomena resulting from the K-T impact, such as nitrogen fertilization and/or eutrophication induced by enhanced sulfide formation. The high productivity recorded in the K-T boundary clays means that the freshwater environments (in contrast to marine environments) recovered rapidly enough to almost immediately (within 10??yr) respond to the impact-related environmental perturbations. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2006.10.028","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Maruoka, T., Koeberl, C., and Bohor, B., 2007, Carbon isotopic compositions of organic matter across continental Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary sections: Implications for paleoenvironment after the K-T impact event: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 253, no. 1-2, p. 226-238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.10.028.","startPage":"226","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212251,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.10.028"},{"id":239711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"253","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f368e4b0c8380cd4b7b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maruoka, T.","contributorId":72592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maruoka","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koeberl, C.","contributorId":79214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koeberl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohor, B.F.","contributorId":96351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031774,"text":"70031774 - 2007 - Evidence that lake trout served as a buffer against sea lamprey predation on burbot in Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T14:16:56","indexId":"70031774","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence that lake trout served as a buffer against sea lamprey predation on burbot in Lake Erie","docAbstract":"<p><span>The population of burbot&nbsp;</span><i>Lota lota</i><span>&nbsp;in Lake Erie recovered during 1986&ndash;2003, mainly because of the control of sea lamprey&nbsp;</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>, which began in 1986. Burbot populations continued to grow during 1996&ndash;1998, when sea lamprey control was substantially reduced. We calculated mortality parameters for burbot in Lake Erie by estimating age at capture for 2,793 burbot caught in annual gill-net surveys of eastern Lake Erie from 1994 to 2003. Based on catch-curve analysis, annual mortality in Lake Erie during 1994&ndash;2003 was estimated as 33%. Annual mortality of the 1992 year-class of burbot was estimated as 30%. The mortality of burbot during the years of reduced sea lamprey control was not different from that during the 3 years preceding reduced control and was significantly lower than that during the entire portion of the time series in which full sea lamprey control was conducted. These results suggest that the reduction in sea lamprey control did not lead to increased burbot mortality. The catch per gill-net lift of large burbot (total length &gt; 600 mm), the size preferred by sea lampreys, was lower than that of adult lake trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>&nbsp;(age 5 and older; total length &gt; 700 mm) before lampricide application was reduced. Although adult lake trout populations declined, the abundance of large burbot did not change during the period of reduced lampricide application. These results support a hypothesis that a healthy population of adult lake trout can serve as a buffer species, acting to reduce predation of burbot by sea lampreys when sea lamprey populations increase. Burbot attained sexual maturity at a relatively early age (3 or 4 years) and a total length (approximately 500 mm) that was smaller than the preferred prey size for sea lampreys. These characteristics and the buffering effect of the lake trout population enabled growth of the burbot population during the brief period when lamprey control was reduced.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M05-156.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M., and Madenjian, C., 2007, Evidence that lake trout served as a buffer against sea lamprey predation on burbot in Lake Erie: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 27, no. 1, p. 238-245, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-156.1.","productDescription":"8 p .","startPage":"238","endPage":"245","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212253,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-156.1"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d72e4b0c8380cd5300f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, M.A.","contributorId":65437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196853,"text":"70196853 - 2007 - The effects of acidic mine drainage from historical mines in the Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado—What is being done and what can be done to improve water quality?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T14:54:55.549372","indexId":"70196853","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The effects of acidic mine drainage from historical mines in the Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado—What is being done and what can be done to improve water quality?","docAbstract":"<p>Historical production of metals in the western United States has left a legacy of acidic drainage and toxic metals in many mountain watersheds that are a potential threat to human and ecosystem health. Studies of the effects of historical mining on surface water chemistry and riparian habitat in the Animas River watershed have shown that cost-effective remediation of mine sites must be carefully planned. of the more than 5400 mine, mill, and prospect sites in the watershed, ∼80 sites account for more than 90% of the metal loads to the surface drainages. Much of the low pH water and some of the metal loads are the result of weathering of hydrothermally altered rock that has not been disturbed by historical mining. Some stream reaches in areas underlain by hydrothermally altered rock contained no aquatic life prior to mining.</p><p>Scientific studies of the processes and metal-release pathways are necessary to develop effective remediation strategies, particularly in watersheds where there is little land available to build mine-waste repositories. Characterization of mine waste, development of runoff profiles, and evaluation of ground-water pathways all require rigorous study and are expensive upfront costs that land managers find difficult to justify. Tracer studies of water quality provide a detailed spatial analysis of processes affecting surface- and ground-water chemistry. Reactive transport models were used in conjunction with the best state-of-the-art engineering solutions to make informed and cost-effective remediation decisions.</p><p>Remediation of 23% of the high-priority sites identified in the watershed has resulted in steady improvement in water quality. More than $12 million, most contributed by private entities, has been spent on remediation in the Animas River watershed. The recovery curve for aquatic life in the Animas River system will require further documentation and long-term monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of remediation projects implemented.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Understanding and responding to hazardous substances at mine sites in the western United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2007.4017(04)","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Owen, R.J., Von Guerard, P., Verplanck, P.L., Kimball, B.A., and Yager, D.B., 2007, The effects of acidic mine drainage from historical mines in the Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado—What is being done and what can be done to improve water quality?, chap. <i>of</i> Understanding and responding to hazardous substances at mine sites in the western United States, p. 47-83, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.4017(04).","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"83","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Montana","county":"Jefferson County, San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Animas River watershed, Boulder River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.4066162109375,\n              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}\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeff77e4b0da30c1bfcb82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Stanley E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":199165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stanley","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":734732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owen, Robert J.","contributorId":204694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Von Guerard, Paul","contributorId":40620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Guerard","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031036,"text":"70031036 - 2007 - Relative susceptibility and effects on performance of Rio Grande cutthroat trout and rainbow trout challenged with Myxobolus cerebralis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031036","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative susceptibility and effects on performance of Rio Grande cutthroat trout and rainbow trout challenged with Myxobolus cerebralis","docAbstract":"We evaluated the susceptibility of Rio Grande cutthroat trout (RGCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis to infection by Myxobolus cerebralis in a laboratory experiment. In the same experiment, rainbow trout (RBT) O. mykiss were similarly exposed to M. cerebralis as a reference of known sensitivity to the parasite. Treatments consisting of six parasite concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 triactinomyxons [TAMS] per fish) were randomized within a complete block design using RGCT and RBT fry beginning at 60 d posthatch (600 degree-days at 10??C). The laboratory experiment was terminated at 130 d postexposure (1,900 degree-days at 10??C). Diagnostic metrics included clinical signs (behavioral and black tail), survival, myxospore counts, histology, and a swimming performance challenge. Clinical signs of whirling disease were observed within both species at 500 and 1,000 TAMs/fish by 66 d postexposure to the disease. Rio Grande cutthroat trout exhibited significantly lower survival (50% cumulative mortality at 1,000 TAMs/fish) and a significant concentration response compared with RBT (8% cumulative mortality at 1,000 TAMs/fish). Histological scoring of cranial sections using a 0-5 scale of increasing pathogenic effect revealed greater disease severity in RGCT (3.20) than in RBT (2.43) at 100 TAMs/fish but no difference at 1,000 TAMs/fish (4.15 and 4.12, respectively). Swimming performance revealed detectably lower critical swimming speed in both RGCT and RBT in relation to increased parasite concentrations, the RGCT exhibiting detectably lower critical swimming speeds than the RBT at increased parasite concentration. If M. cerebralis were to spread to areas supporting RGCT, population-level effects may occur. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T06-251.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"DuBey, R., Caldwell, C., and Gould, W., 2007, Relative susceptibility and effects on performance of Rio Grande cutthroat trout and rainbow trout challenged with Myxobolus cerebralis: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 5, p. 1406-1414, https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-251.1.","startPage":"1406","endPage":"1414","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T06-251.1"},{"id":238742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa699e4b0c8380cd84f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DuBey, R.J.","contributorId":95265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBey","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, C.A. 0000-0002-4730-4867","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":24727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gould, W.R.","contributorId":9746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031572,"text":"70031572 - 2007 - Linking ground-water age and chemistry data along flow paths: Implications for trends and transformations of nitrate and pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T15:48:13","indexId":"70031572","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking ground-water age and chemistry data along flow paths: Implications for trends and transformations of nitrate and pesticides","docAbstract":"<p>Tracer-based ground-water ages, along with the concentrations of pesticides, nitrogen species, and other redox-active constituents, were used to evaluate the trends and transformations of agricultural chemicals along flow paths in diverse hydrogeologic settings. A range of conditions affecting the transformation of nitrate and pesticides (e.g., thickness of unsaturated zone, redox conditions) was examined at study sites in Georgia, North Carolina, Wisconsin, and California. Deethylatrazine (DEA), a transformation product of atrazine, was typically present at concentrations higher than those of atrazine at study sites with thick unsaturated zones but not at sites with thin unsaturated zones. Furthermore, the fraction of atrazine plus DEA that was present as DEA did not increase as a function of ground-water age. These findings suggest that atrazine degradation occurs primarily in the unsaturated zone with little or no degradation in the saturated zone. Similar observations were also made for metolachlor and alachlor. The fraction of the initial nitrate concentration found as excess N2 (N2 derived from denitrification) increased with ground-water age only at the North Carolina site, where oxic conditions were generally limited to the top 5??m of saturated thickness. Historical trends in fluxes to ground water were evaluated by relating the times of recharge of ground-water samples, estimated using chlorofluorocarbon concentrations, with concentrations of the parent compound at the time of recharge, estimated by summing the molar concentrations of the parent compound and its transformation products in the age-dated sample. Using this approach, nitrate concentrations were estimated to have increased markedly from 1960 to the present at all study sites. Trends in concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor, alachlor, and their degradates were related to the timing of introduction and use of these compounds. Degradates, and to a lesser extent parent compounds, were detected in ground water dating back to the time these compounds were introduced.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.05.007","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., Saad, D.A., Burow, K., Frick, E.A., Puckett, L., and Barbash, J., 2007, Linking ground-water age and chemistry data along flow paths: Implications for trends and transformations of nitrate and pesticides: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 94, no. 1-2, p. 139-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.05.007.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"155","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.05.007"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47d3e4b0c8380cd679e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, A. J.","contributorId":99127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, D. A.","contributorId":85212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burow, K.R. 0000-0001-6006-6667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":48283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frick, E. A.","contributorId":61840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Puckett, L.J.","contributorId":27503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031650,"text":"70031650 - 2007 - Solidification and microstructures of binary ice-I/hydrate eutectic aggregates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T12:19:01.422459","indexId":"70031650","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solidification and microstructures of binary ice-I/hydrate eutectic aggregates","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract\"><p>The microstructures of two-phase binary aggregates of ice-I + salt-hydrate, prepared by eutectic solidification, have been characterized by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (CSEM). The specific binary systems studied were H<sub>2</sub>O-Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O-MgSO<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O-NaCl, and H<sub>2</sub>O-H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>; these were selected based on their potential application to the study of tectonics on the Jovian moon Europa. Homogeneous liquid solutions of eutectic compositions were undercooled modestly (ΔT ~ 1.5 °C); similarly cooled crystalline seeds of the same composition were added to circumvent the thermodynamic barrier to nucleation and to control eutectic growth under (approximately) isothermal conditions. CSEM revealed classic eutectic solidification microstructures with the hydrate phase forming continuous lamellae, discontinuous lamellae, or forming the matrix around rods of ice-I, depending on the volume fractions of the phases and their entropy of dissolving and forming a homogeneous aqueous solution. We quantify aspects of the solidification behavior and microstructures for each system and, with these data, articulate anticipated effects of the microstructure on the mechanical responses of the materials.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"DeGruyter","doi":"10.2138/am.2007.2435","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, C., Cooper, R., Kirby, S.H., Rieck, K., and Stern, L., 2007, Solidification and microstructures of binary ice-I/hydrate eutectic aggregates: American Mineralogist, v. 92, no. 10, p. 1550-1560, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2007.2435.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1550","endPage":"1560","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239868,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b923fe4b08c986b319daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, C.","contributorId":68112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, R.F.","contributorId":77740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rieck, K.D.","contributorId":74954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieck","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031651,"text":"70031651 - 2007 - Geologic framework of the long bay inner shelf: implications for coastal evolution in South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T11:24:47","indexId":"70031651","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic framework of the long bay inner shelf: implications for coastal evolution in South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The inner continental shelf off northern South Carolina is a sediment-limited environment characterized by extensive hardground areas, where coastal plain strata and ancient channel-fill deposits are exposed at the sea floor. Holocene sand is concentrated in large shoals associated with active tidal inlets, an isolated shore-detached sand body, and a widespread series of low-relief sand ridges. The regional geologic framework is a strong control on the production, movement and deposition of sediment. High-resolution geologic mapping of the sea floor supports conceptual models indicative of net southwestward sediment transport along the coast.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceDate":"May 13-17, 2007","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)169","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Barnhardt, W., Denny, J., Baldwin, W., Schwab, W., Morton, R., Gayes, P., and Driscoll, N., 2007, Geologic framework of the long bay inner shelf: implications for coastal evolution in South Carolina, <i>in</i> Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, May 13-17, 2007, p. 2151-2160, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)169.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2151","endPage":"2160","costCenters":[{"id":187,"text":"Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.3533,32.0346 ], [ -83.3533,35.2155 ], [ -78.5408,35.2155 ], [ -78.5408,32.0346 ], [ -83.3533,32.0346 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1971e4b0c8380cd559b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnhardt, W.","contributorId":43170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, J.","contributorId":39583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, W.","contributorId":79297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwab, W.","contributorId":74579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morton, R.","contributorId":38242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gayes, P.","contributorId":105530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gayes","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Driscoll, N.","contributorId":79298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029858,"text":"70029858 - 2007 - Invasive species and coal bed methane development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70029858","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive species and coal bed methane development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"One of the fastest growing areas of natural gas production is coal bed methane (CBM) due to the large monetary returns and increased demand for energy from consumers. The Powder River Basin, Wyoming is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of CBM development with projections of the establishment of up to 50,000 wells. CBM disturbances may make the native ecosystem more susceptible to invasion by non-native species, but there are few studies that have been conducted on the environmental impacts of this type of resource extraction. To evaluate the potential effects of CBM development on native plant species distribution and patterns of non-native plant invasion, 36 modified Forest Inventory and Analysis plots (each comprised of four 168-m2 subplots) were established in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. There were 73 168-m2 subplots on control sites; 42 subplots on secondary disturbances; 14 on major surface disturbances; eight on well pads; and seven on sites downslope of CBM wells water discharge points. Native plant species cover ranged from 39.5 ?? 2.7% (mean ?? 1 SE) in the secondary disturbance subplots to 17.7 ?? 7.5% in the pad subplots. Non-native plant species cover ranged from 31.0 ?? 8.4% in the discharge areas to 14.7 ?? 8.9% in the pad subplots. The control subplots had significantly less non-native species richness than the combined disturbance types. The combined disturbance subplots had significantly greater soil salinity than the control sites. These results suggest that CBM development and associated disturbances may facilitate the establishment of non-native plants. Future research and management decisions should consider the accumulative landscape-scale effects of CBM development on preserving native plant diversity. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-9321-7","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Bergquist, E., Evangelista, P., Stohlgren, T., and Alley, N., 2007, Invasive species and coal bed methane development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 128, no. 1-3, p. 381-394, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9321-7.","startPage":"381","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9321-7"},{"id":240681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e26e4b0c8380cd63b44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergquist, E.","contributorId":43969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergquist","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evangelista, P.","contributorId":21903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alley, N.","contributorId":86723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029959,"text":"70029959 - 2007 - Multiple-species analysis of point count data: A more parsimonious modelling framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70029959","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple-species analysis of point count data: A more parsimonious modelling framework","docAbstract":"1. Although population surveys often provide information on multiple species, these data are rarely analysed within a multiple-species framework despite the potential for more efficient estimation of population parameters. 2. We have developed a multiple-species modelling framework that uses similarities in capture/detection processes among species to model multiple species data more parsimoniously. We present examples of this approach applied to distance, time of detection and multiple observer sampling for avian point count data. 3. Models that included species as a covariate and individual species effects were generally selected as the best models for distance sampling, but group models without species effects performed best for the time of detection and multiple observer methods. Population estimates were more precise for no-species-effect models than for species-effect models, demonstrating the benefits of exploiting species' similarities when modelling multiple species data. Partial species-effect models and additive models were also useful because they modelled similarities among species while allowing for species differences. 4. Synthesis and applications. We recommend the adoption of multiple-species modelling because of its potential for improved population estimates. This framework will be particularly beneficial for modelling count data from rare species because information on the detection process can be 'borrowed' from more common species. The multiple-species modelling framework presented here is applicable to a wide range of sampling techniques and taxa. ?? 2007 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01271.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, M., Pollock, K.H., Simons, T., and Shriner, S., 2007, Multiple-species analysis of point count data: A more parsimonious modelling framework: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 44, no. 2, p. 281-290, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01271.x.","startPage":"281","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476979,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01271.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213097,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01271.x"},{"id":240686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a608fe4b0c8380cd71538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, M.W.","contributorId":50263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shriner, S.A.","contributorId":26405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shriner","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1017122,"text":"1017122 - 2007 - [Book review] Lichens of the north woods: a field guide to 111 northern species, by Joe Walewski","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-20T17:16:39","indexId":"1017122","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1597,"text":"Evansia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Lichens of the north woods: a field guide to 111 northern species, by Joe Walewski","docAbstract":"Review of: LICHENS OF THE NORTH WOODS, A FIELD GUIDE TO 111 NORTHERN SPECIES. Joe Walewski. 2007. North Woods Naturalist Series, Kollath & Stensaas Publishing, Duluth, Minnesota. 152 pp, softcover. ISBN: 0-9673793-50. $18.95.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evansia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.","publisherLocation":"http://www.abls.org/","doi":"10.1639/0747-9859-24.3.91","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J., 2007, [Book review] Lichens of the north woods: a field guide to 111 northern species, by Joe Walewski: Evansia, v. 24, no. 3, p. 91-92, https://doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-24.3.91.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-24.3.91","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J.","contributorId":99942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030048,"text":"70030048 - 2007 - Unconventional shale-gas systems: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030048","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unconventional shale-gas systems: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment","docAbstract":"Shale-gas resource plays can be distinguished by gas type and system characteristics. The Newark East gas field, located in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas, is defined by thermogenic gas production from low-porosity and low-permeability Barnett Shale. The Barnett Shale gas system, a self-contained source-reservoir system, has generated large amounts of gas in the key productive areas because of various characteristics and processes, including (1) excellent original organic richness and generation potential; (2) primary and secondary cracking of kerogen and retained oil, respectively; (3) retention of oil for cracking to gas by adsorption; (4) porosity resulting from organic matter decomposition; and (5) brittle mineralogical composition. The calculated total gas in place (GIP) based on estimated ultimate recovery that is based on production profiles and operator estimates is about 204 bcf/section (5.78 ?? 109 m3/1.73 ?? 104 m3). We estimate that the Barnett Shale has a total generation potential of about 609 bbl of oil equivalent/ac-ft or the equivalent of 3657 mcf/ac-ft (84.0 m3/m3). Assuming a thickness of 350 ft (107 m) and only sufficient hydrogen for partial cracking of retained oil to gas, a total generation potential of 820 bcf/section is estimated. Of this potential, approximately 60% was expelled, and the balance was retained for secondary cracking of oil to gas, if sufficient thermal maturity was reached. Gas storage capacity of the Barnett Shale at typical reservoir pressure, volume, and temperature conditions and 6% porosity shows a maximum storage capacity of 540 mcf/ac-ft or 159 scf/ton. Copyright ?? 2007. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/12190606068","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Jarvie, D., Hill, R., Ruble, T., and Pollastro, R.M., 2007, Unconventional shale-gas systems: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 91, no. 4, p. 475-499, https://doi.org/10.1306/12190606068.","startPage":"475","endPage":"499","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/12190606068"},{"id":240434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc2ee4b08c986b328aae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvie, D.M.","contributorId":69768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvie","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, R.J.","contributorId":92850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruble, T.E.","contributorId":30402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruble","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollastro, R. M.","contributorId":6809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030021,"text":"70030021 - 2007 - Declustering of clustered preferential sampling for histogram and semivariogram inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70030021","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Declustering of clustered preferential sampling for histogram and semivariogram inference","docAbstract":"Measurements of attributes obtained more as a consequence of business ventures than sampling design frequently result in samplings that are preferential both in location and value, typically in the form of clusters along the pay. Preferential sampling requires preprocessing for the purpose of properly inferring characteristics of the parent population, such as the cumulative distribution and the semivariogram. Consideration of the distance to the nearest neighbor allows preparation of resampled sets that produce comparable results to those from previously proposed methods. Clustered sampling of size 140, taken from an exhaustive sampling, is employed to illustrate this approach. ?? International Association for Mathematical Geology 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11004-007-9108-6","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., 2007, Declustering of clustered preferential sampling for histogram and semivariogram inference: Mathematical Geology, v. 39, no. 5, p. 453-467, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-007-9108-6.","startPage":"453","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212961,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-007-9108-6"},{"id":240532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe12e4b0c8380cd4eada","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030020,"text":"70030020 - 2007 - Courtship and mating in free-living spotted hyenas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70030020","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":986,"text":"Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Courtship and mating in free-living spotted hyenas","docAbstract":"Female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are larger and more aggressive than males, and their genitalia are heavily 'masculinized'. These odd traits in females pose unusual challenges for males during courtship and copulation. Here our goals were to describe and quantify the behavior patterns involved in courtship and copulation in Crocuta, and determine whether rates of affiliative behavior directed toward females by males vary with female age, social rank, or time to conception. We also inquired whether consort formation with a particular female was necessary for a male to sire that female's cubs. Behavioral observations and paternity data based on 12 microsatellite loci were collected over 11 years from free-ranging hyenas in Kenya. Several of the courtship displays exhibited by male hyenas differed from those found in other carnivores, and appeared to reflect intense motivational conflict between tendencies to approach and flee from females. Most male advances were either ignored by females or elicited aggression from females toward males. Rates of male affiliative behavior toward females peaked around the time of conception. Although males behaved similarly toward young and old females in the highest social rank category, males directed more affiliative behavior toward older than younger females that were mid- and low-ranking. Multiple short mounts usually preceded a long mount, but intromission and ejaculation appeared to occur only during long mounts. Female receptivity was indicated by inhibited aggression toward the male and assumption of a distinctive receptive stance. The only behavior indicative of female proceptivity was following of the male by the female in mating contexts. Some males who sired cubs formed consortships with females whereas others did not, suggesting that individual male hyenas may adopt alternative reproductive tactics to attract and acquire mates. Our results also suggest that low fertility may be an important cost of female virilization in this species. ?? 2007 Brill Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behaviour","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1163/156853907781476418","issn":"00057959","usgsCitation":"Szykman, M., Van Horn, R.C., Engh, A., Boydston, E., and Holekamp, K., 2007, Courtship and mating in free-living spotted hyenas: Behaviour, v. 144, no. 7, p. 815-846, https://doi.org/10.1163/156853907781476418.","startPage":"815","endPage":"846","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212960,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907781476418"},{"id":240531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc8ee4b0c8380cd4e301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szykman, M.","contributorId":50858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szykman","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Horn, R. C.","contributorId":53745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Horn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engh, A.L.","contributorId":50860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engh","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boydston, E. E.","contributorId":106045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boydston","given":"E. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holekamp, K.E.","contributorId":34077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holekamp","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030019,"text":"70030019 - 2007 - Communication using eye roll reflective signalling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70030019","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Communication using eye roll reflective signalling","docAbstract":"Body reflections in the ultraviolet (UV) are a common occurrence in nature. Despite the abundance of such signals and the presence of UV cones in the retinas of many vertebrates, the function of UV cones in the majority of taxa remains unclear. Here, we report on an unusual communication system in the razorback sucker, Xyrauchen texanus, that involves flash signals produced by quick eye rolls. Behavioural experiments and field observations indicate that this form of communication is used to signal territorial presence between males. The flash signal shows highest contrast in the UV region of fhe visual spectrum (??max???380 nm), corresponding to the maximum wavelength of absorption of the UV cone mechanism in suckers. Furthermore, these cones are restricted to the dorsal retina of the animal and the upwelling light background is such that their relative sensitivity would be enhanced by chromatic adaptation of the other cone mechanisms. Thus, the UV cones in the sucker have optimal characteristics (both in terms of absorbance and retinal topography) to constitute the main detectors of the flash signal. Our findings provide the first ecological evidence for restricted distribution of UV cones in the retina of a vertebrate. ?? 2007 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2006.0246","issn":"09628436","usgsCitation":"Flamarique, I., Mueller, G., Cheng, C., and Figiel, C., 2007, Communication using eye roll reflective signalling: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 274, no. 1611, p. 877-882, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0246.","startPage":"877","endPage":"882","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476970,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0246","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212932,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0246"},{"id":240500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"274","issue":"1611","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f806e4b0c8380cd4ce2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flamarique, I.N.","contributorId":18981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flamarique","given":"I.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, G.A.","contributorId":9205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, C.L.","contributorId":84983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Figiel, C.R.","contributorId":53167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figiel","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030017,"text":"70030017 - 2007 - The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. A: current distribution, basic biology and potential threat to marine communities of the northeast and west coasts of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T14:41:43","indexId":"70030017","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The colonial ascidian <i>Didemnum</i> sp. A: current distribution, basic biology and potential threat to marine communities of the northeast and west coasts of North America","title":"The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. A: current distribution, basic biology and potential threat to marine communities of the northeast and west coasts of North America","docAbstract":"<p><i>Didemnum</i> sp. A is a colonial ascidian with rapidly expanding populations on the east and west coasts of North America. The origin of <i>Didemum</i> sp. A is unknown. Populations were first observed on the northeast coast of the U.S. in the late 1980s and on the west coast during the 1990s. It is currently undergoing a massive population explosion and is now a dominant member of many subtidal communities on both coasts. To determine <i>Didemnum</i> sp. A's current distribution, we conducted surveys from Maine to Virginia on the east coast and from British Columbia to southern California on the west coast of the U.S. between 1998 and 2005. In nearshore locations <i>Didemnum</i> sp. A currently ranges from Eastport, Maine to Shinnecock Bay, New York on the east coast. On the west coast it has been recorded from Humboldt Bay to Port San Luis in California, several sites in Puget Sound, Washington, including a heavily fouled mussel culture facility, and several sites in southwestern British Columbia on and adjacent to oyster and mussel farms. The species also occurs at deeper subtidal sites (up to 81 m) off New England, including Georges, Stellwagen and Tillies Banks. On Georges Bank numerous sites within a 230 km2 area are 50–90% covered by <i>Didemnum</i> sp. A; large colonies cement the pebble gravel into nearly solid mats that may smother infaunal organisms. These observations suggest that <i>Didemnum</i> sp. A has the potential to alter marine communities and affect economically important activities such as fishing and aquaculture.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.020","issn":"00220981","usgsCitation":"Bullard, S., Lambert, G., Carman, M., Byrnes, J., Whitlatch, R., Ruiz, G., Miller, R.J., Harris, L., Valentine, P.C., Collie, J., Pederson, J., McNaught, D., Cohen, A., Asch, R.G., Dijkstra, J., and Heinonen, K., 2007, The colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. 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,{"id":70030016,"text":"70030016 - 2007 - Big lake records preserved in a little lake's sediment: An example from Silver Lake, Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T11:33:51","indexId":"70030016","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Big lake records preserved in a little lake's sediment: An example from Silver Lake, Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>We reconstruct postglacial lake-level history within the Lake Michigan basin using soil stratigraphy, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), sedimentology and&nbsp;</span><span>14</span><span>C data from the Silver Lake basin, which lies adjacent to Lake Michigan. Stratigraphy in nine vibracores recovered from the floor of Silver Lake appears to reflect fluctuation of water levels in the Lake Michigan basin. Aeolian activity within the study area from 3,000&nbsp;years (cal yr. B.P.) to the present was inferred from analysis of buried soils, an aerial photograph sequence, and GPR. Sediments in and around Silver Lake appear to contain a paleoenvironmental record that spans the entire post-glacial history of the Lake Michigan basin. We suggest that (1) a pre-Nipissing rather than a Nipissing barrier separated Silver Lake basin from the Lake Michigan basin, (2) that the Nipissing transgression elevated the water table in the Silver Lake basin about 6,500&nbsp;cal yr. B.P., resulting in reestablishment of a lake within the basin, and (3) that recent dune migration into Silver Lake is associated with levels of Lake Michigan.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10933-006-9053-2","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Fisher, T., Loope, W., Pierce, W., and Jol, H., 2007, Big lake records preserved in a little lake's sediment: An example from Silver Lake, Michigan, USA: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 365-382, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9053-2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"382","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212899,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9053-2"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f128e4b0c8380cd4aa86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, T.G.","contributorId":67754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loope, W.L.","contributorId":22280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, W.","contributorId":17493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jol, H.M.","contributorId":77717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jol","given":"H.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030014,"text":"70030014 - 2007 - Development and certification of the new SRM 695 trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70030014","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development and certification of the new SRM 695 trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer","docAbstract":"During the past seven years, several states within the US have enacted regulations that limit the amounts of selected non-nutritive elements in fertilizers. Internationally, several countries, including Japan, China, and Australia, and the European Union also limit the amount of selected elements in fertilizers. The elements of interest include As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. Fertilizer manufacturers and state regulatory authorities, faced with meeting and verifying these limits, need to develop analytical methods for determination of the elements of concern and to validate results obtained using these methods. Until now, there were no certified reference materials available with certified mass fraction values for all elements of interest in a blended, multi-nutrient fertilizer matrix. A new standard reference material (SRM) 695 trace elements in multi-nutrient fertilizer, has been developed to help meet these needs. SRM 695 has recently been issued with certified mass fraction values for seventeen elements, reference values for an additional five elements, and information values for two elements. The certificate of analysis includes an addendum listing percentage recovery for eight of these elements, determined using an acid-extraction inductively-coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method recently developed and tested by members of the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials. ?? 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,{"id":70030012,"text":"70030012 - 2007 - Impact of recent extreme Arizona storms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-26T17:36:54.838746","indexId":"70030012","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of recent extreme Arizona storms","docAbstract":"<p><span>Heavy rainfall on 27&ndash;31 July 2006 led to record flooding and triggered an historically unprecedented number of debris flows in the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson, Ariz. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) documented record floods along four watercourses in the Tucson basin, and at least 250 hillslope failures spawned damaging debris flows in an area where less than 10 small debris flows had been documented in the past 25 years. At least 18 debris flows destroyed infrastructure in the heavily used Sabino Canyon Recreation Area (http://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/rsch_highlight/articles/20061 l.html). In four adjacent canyons, debris flows reached the heads of alluvial fans at the boundary of the Tucson metropolitan area. While landuse planners in southeastern Arizona evaluate the potential threat of this previously little recognized hazard to residents along the mountain front, an interdisciplinary group of scientists has collaborated to better understand this extreme event.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007EO170003","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C., Webb, R.H., Griffiths, P.G., Schaffner, M., Shoemaker, C., Pytlak, E., Yatheendradas, S., Lyon, S.W., Troch, P.A., Desilets, S.L., Goodrich, D., Unkrich, C., Youberg, A., and Pearthree, P., 2007, Impact of recent extreme Arizona storms: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 88, no. 17, p. 191-193, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007EO170003.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"193","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional 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,{"id":70030050,"text":"70030050 - 2007 - Glacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia and contribution to sea level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030050","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia and contribution to sea level rise","docAbstract":"The digital elevation model (DEM) from the 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was differenced from a composite DEM based on air photos dating from 1948 to 1987 to detennine glacier volume changes in southeast Alaska and adjoining Canada. SRTM accuracy was assessed at ??5 in through comparison with airborne laser altimetry and control locations measured with GPS. Glacier surface elevations lowered over 95% of the 14,580 km2 glacier-covered area analyzed, with some glaciers thinning as much as 640 in. A combination of factors have contributed to this wastage, including calving retreats of tidewater and lacustrine glaciers and climate change. Many glaciers in this region are particularly sensitive to climate change, as they have large areas at low elevations. However, several tidewater glaciers that had historically undergone calving retreats are now expanding and appear to be in the advancing stage of the tidewater glacier cycle. The net average rate of ice loss is estimated at 16.7 ?? 4.4 km3/yr, equivalent to a global sea level rise contribution of 0.04 ?? 0.01 mm/yr. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JF000586","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Larsen, C., Motyka, R., Arendt, A., Echelmeyer, K., and Geissler, P., 2007, Glacier changes in southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia and contribution to sea level rise: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 112, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000586.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477126,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jf000586","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000586"}],"volume":"112","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2914e4b0c8380cd5a66a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, C.F.","contributorId":96091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motyka, R.J.","contributorId":49594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motyka","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arendt, A.A.","contributorId":99379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arendt","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12920,"text":"Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Echelmeyer, K.A.","contributorId":11781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echelmeyer","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geissler, P.E.","contributorId":67636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030052,"text":"70030052 - 2007 - A multi-scale examination of stopover habitat use by birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030052","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-scale examination of stopover habitat use by birds","docAbstract":"Most of our understanding of habitat use by migrating land birds comes from studies conducted at single, small spatial scales, which may overemphasize the importance of intrinsic habitat factors, such as food availability, in shaping migrant distributions. We believe that a multi-scale approach is essential to assess the influence of factors that control en route habitat use. We determined the relative importance of eight variables, each operating at a habitat-patch, landscape, or regional spatial scale, in explaining the differential use of hardwood forests by Nearctic-Neotropical land birds during migration. We estimated bird densities through transect surveys at sites near the Mississippi coast during spring and autumn migration within landscapes with variable amounts of hardwood forest cover. At a regional scale, migrant density increased with proximity to the coast, which was of moderate importance in explaining bird densities, probably due to constraints imposed on migrants when negotiating the Gulf of Mexico. The amount of hardwood forest cover at a landscape scale was positively correlated with arthropod abundance and had the greatest importance in explaining densities of all migrants, as a group, during spring, and of insectivorous migrants during autumn. Among landscape scales ranging from 500 m to 10 km radius, the densities of migrants were, on average, most strongly and positively related to the amount of hardwood forest cover within a 5 km radius. We suggest that hardwood forest cover at this scale may be an indicator of habitat quality that migrants use as a cue when landing at the end of a migratory flight. At the patch scale, direct measures of arthropod abundance and plant community composition were also important in explaining migrant densities, whereas habitat structure was of little importance. The relative amount of fleshy-fruited trees was positively related and was the most important variable explaining frugivorous migrant density during autumn. Although constraints extrinsic to habitat had a moderate role in explaining migrant distributions, our results are consistent with the view that food availability is the ultimate factor shaping the distributions of birds during stopover. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-1871.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Buler, J., Moore, F., and Woltmann, S., 2007, A multi-scale examination of stopover habitat use by birds: Ecology, v. 88, no. 7, p. 1789-1802, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1871.1.","startPage":"1789","endPage":"1802","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212934,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1871.1"},{"id":240502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48be4b0c8380cd466e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buler, J.J.","contributorId":13039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buler","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, F.R.","contributorId":48762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woltmann, S.","contributorId":47588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woltmann","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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