Concentrations of many anthropogenic contaminants in the San Francisco Estuary exist at levels that have been associated with biological effects elsewhere, so there is a potential for them to cause biological effects in the Estuary. The purpose of this paper is to summarize information about biological effects on the Estuary's plankton, benthos, fish, birds, and mammals, gathered since the early 1990s, focusing on key accomplishments. These studies have been conducted at all levels of biological organization (sub-cellular through communities), but have included only a small fraction of the organisms and contaminants of concern in the region. The studies summarized provide a body of evidence that some contaminants are causing biological impacts in some biological resources in the Estuary. However, no general patterns of effects were apparent in space and time, and no single contaminant was consistently related to effects among the biota considered. These conclusions reflect the difficulty in demonstrating biological effects due specifically to contamination because there is a wide range of sensitivity to contaminants among the Estuary's many organisms. Additionally, the spatial and temporal distribution of contamination in the Estuary is highly variable, and levels of contamination covary with other environmental factors, such as freshwater inflow or sediment-type. Federal and State regulatory agencies desire to develop biological criteria to protect the Estuary's biological resources. Future studies of biological effects in San Francisco Estuary should focus on the development of meaningful indicators of biological effects, and on key organism and contaminants of concern in long-term, multifaceted studies that include laboratory and field experiments to determine cause and effect to adequately inform management and regulatory decisions.
Water-quality managers desire information on the temporal and spatial variability of contaminant concentrations and the magnitudes of watershed and bed-sediment loads in San Francisco Bay. To help provide this information, the Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances in the San Francisco Estuary (RMP) takes advantage of the association of many contaminants with sediment particles by continuously measuring suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), which is an accurate, less costly, and more easily measured surrogate for several trace metals and organic contaminants. Continuous time series of SSC are collected at several sites in the Bay. Although semidiurnal and diurnal tidal fluctuations are present, most of the variability of SSC occurs at fortnightly, monthly, and semiannual tidal time scales. A seasonal cycle of sediment inflow, wind-wave resuspension, and winnowing of fine sediment also is observed. SSC and, thus, sediment-associated contaminants tend to be greater in shallower water, at the landward ends of the Bay, and in several localized estuarine turbidity maxima. Although understanding of sediment transporthas improved in the first 10 years of the RMP, determining a simple mass budget of sediment or associated contaminants is confounded by uncertainties regarding sediment flux at boundaries, change in bed-sediment storage, and appropriate modeling techniques. Nevertheless, management of sediment-associated contaminants has improved greatly. Better understanding of sediment and sediment-associated contaminants in the Bay is of great interest to evaluate the value of control actions taken and the need for additional controls.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2007.02.002","issn":"00139351","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., Mumley, T., and Leatherbarrow, J., 2007, Suspended sediment and sediment-associated contaminants in San Francisco Bay: Environmental Research, v. 105, no. 1, p. 119-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.02.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.02.002"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba302e4b08c986b31faff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mumley, T.E.","contributorId":17830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mumley","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leatherbarrow, J.E.","contributorId":56035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leatherbarrow","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031653,"text":"70031653 - 2007 - Sulfur species behavior in soil organic matter during decomposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031653","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur species behavior in soil organic matter during decomposition","docAbstract":"Soil organic matter (SOM) is a primary re??servoir of terrestrial sulfur (S), but its role in the global S cycle remains poorly understood. We examine S speciation by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to describe S species behavior during SOM decomposition. Sulfur species in SOM were best represented by organic sulfide, sulfoxide, sulfonate, and sulfate. The highest fraction of S in litter was organic sulfide, but as decomposition progressed, relative fractions of sulfonate and sulfate generally increased. Over 6-month laboratory incubations, organic sulfide was most reactive, suggesting that a fraction of this species was associated with a highly labile pool of SOM. During humification, relative concentrations of sulfoxide consistently decreased, demonstrating the importance of sulfoxide as a reactive S phase in soil. Sulfonate fractional abundance increased during humification irrespective of litter type, illustrating its relative stability in soils. The proportion of S species did not differ systematically by litter type, but organic sulfide became less abundant in conifer SOM during decomposition, while sulfate fractional abundance increased. Conversely, deciduous SOM exhibited lesser or nonexistent shifts in organic sulfide and sulfate fractions during decomposition, possibly suggesting that S reactivity in deciduous litter is coupled to rapid C mineralization and independent of S speciation. All trends were consistent in soils across study sites. We conclude that S reactivity is related to spqciation in SOM, particularly in conifer forests, and S species fractions in SOM change, during decomposition. Our data highlight the importance of intermediate valence species (sulfoxide and sulfonate) in the pedochemical cycling of organic bound S. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007JG000538","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schroth, A., Bostick, B., Graham, M., Kaste, J., Mitchell, M., and Friedland, A.J., 2007, Sulfur species behavior in soil organic matter during decomposition: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 112, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000538.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477156,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3732","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212419,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000538"}],"volume":"112","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9de4e4b08c986b31db5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroth, A.W.","contributorId":79707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroth","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bostick, B.C.","contributorId":62813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bostick","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, M.","contributorId":27677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaste, J.M.","contributorId":90114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaste","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitchell, M.J.","contributorId":72940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Friedland, A. J.","contributorId":28430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedland","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70010403,"text":"70010403 - 2007 - Multi-frequency ground-penetrating radar method for revealing complex sedimentary facies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:21","indexId":"70010403","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multi-frequency ground-penetrating radar method for revealing complex sedimentary facies","docAbstract":"We attempted to resolve deltaic facies in Taylor Valley, Antarctica by using pulses centered near 120, 300 and 880 MHz, the latter of which has not yet been tried in this setting, The 120 MHz profiles clearly defined gross material changes, while the 300 MHz profiles added significant resolution to the top set, foreset and bottomset beds. The additional, higher frequency provided only about 2.5 m penetration however, the 10-15 cm pulse length revealed and defined multiple, fine-scale features that were not observed with the lower frequencies. The dip of these features is, in some instances, opposite to that of larger features profiled with the lower frequencies. Profiling with 880 MHz not only confirmed the greater complexity of the sedimentary architecture, but also allowed more robust interpretation of depositional processes. Generally, we recommend pulses centered near 300-400 MHz for detailed sedimentary profiling to about 6m depth. ?? 2007 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2007 4th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2007","conferenceTitle":"4th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2007","conferenceDate":"27 June 2007 through 29 June 2007","conferenceLocation":"Naples","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/AGPR.2007.386525","isbn":"1424408873; 9781424408870","usgsCitation":"Delaney, A., Horsman, J., Prentice, M., and Arcone, S., 2007, Multi-frequency ground-penetrating radar method for revealing complex sedimentary facies, in Proceedings of the 2007 4th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2007, Naples, 27 June 2007 through 29 June 2007, p. 60-63, https://doi.org/10.1109/AGPR.2007.386525.","startPage":"60","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AGPR.2007.386525"},{"id":219141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb4e4b0c8380cd710b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, A.J.","contributorId":100690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horsman, J.","contributorId":92111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horsman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prentice, M.L.","contributorId":81227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arcone, S.A.","contributorId":64516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arcone","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031545,"text":"70031545 - 2007 - Fate and identification of oil-brine contamination in different hydrogeologic settings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031545","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and identification of oil-brine contamination in different hydrogeologic settings","docAbstract":"Past disposal of oil-field brine at the surface has caused substantial contamination of water resources in Kansas. Natural saline water occurs in and discharges from Permian bedrock in parts of the state, and other anthropogenic sources of saline water exist, requiring clear identification of different sources. Time-series analysis of Cl- concentration and streamflow relative to pre-contamination contents, and end-member mixing plots, especially for Br- and Cl-, are practical methods for source differentiation and quantification. Although regulations preventing escape of saltwater from oil wells were first passed in Kansas in 1935, much oil and gas brine was disposed on the surface through the 1940s. Hydrogeologic characteristics of the areas with past surface disposal of oil brine differ appreciably and result in large differences in the ratio of saltwater transported in streams or ground water. Much of the brine disposed during the 1910s to 1940s in an area of silty clay soils overlying shale and limestone bedrock in south-central Kansas soon ran off or was flushed from the surface by rain into streams. Chloride concentration in the rivers draining this area often exceeded 1000 mg/L after the start of oil production up to the 1950s. Chloride content in the rivers then generally declined to about 100 mg/L or less in recent low flows. Oil brine was also disposed in surface ponds overlying the unconsolidated High Plains aquifer in south-central Kansas from the latter 1920s into the 1940s. Most of the surface-disposed brine infiltrated to the underlying aquifer. Where the High Plains aquifer is thin, saltwater has migrated along the top of clay layers or the underlying shaly bedrock and either discharged into small streams or flowed into thicker parts of the aquifer. Where the aquifer is thick, surface-disposed oil brine moved downward until reaching clay lenses, migrated latterly to the edge of the clay, and again moved downward if still dense enough. Water-level declines from pumping have increased the lateral migration rate of the saltwater contamination in the aquifer towards water-supply wells. The period of flushing most of the surface-disposed saltwater from the area of shale and limestone bedrock is on the order of many decades but is at least many centuries for the deeper parts of the High Plains aquifer. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.002","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Whittemore, D.O., 2007, Fate and identification of oil-brine contamination in different hydrogeologic settings: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 10, p. 2099-2114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.002.","startPage":"2099","endPage":"2114","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.002"},{"id":239764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f05e4b0c8380cd53711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033146,"text":"70033146 - 2007 - Population-scale movement of coastal cutthroat trout in a naturally isolated stream network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T06:53:09","indexId":"70033146","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population-scale movement of coastal cutthroat trout in a naturally isolated stream network","docAbstract":"To identify population‐scale patterns of movement, coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii tagged and marked (35 radio‐tagged, 749 passive integrated transponder [PIT]‐tagged, and 3,025 fin‐clipped) were monitored from June 1999 to August 2000. The study watershed, located in western Oregon, was above a natural barrier to upstream movement. Emigration out of the watershed was estimated with a rotating fish trap. Approximately 70% of recaptured coastal cutthroat trout with PIT tags and 86% of those with radio tags moved predominantly at the channel‐unit scale (2–95 m); fewer tagged fish moved at the reach scale (66–734 m) and segment scale (229–3,479 m). In general, movement was greatest in April as spawning peaked and lowest in October, when discharge was at its lowest. Only 63 (<1% of tagged and marked fish) coastal cutthroat trout were captured in the fish trap. Trap efficiency was about 33%, and the expanded estimate of emigrants between February and June was 173 fish. These results suggest that unit‐scale movement is common throughout the year and that reach‐ and segment‐scale movements are important during the winter and spring. Although movement in headwater streams is most common at the channel‐unit scale, restoration of individual channel units of stream may not benefit the population at the watershed scale unless these activities are undertaken in the context of the greater whole. Individual coastal cutthroat trout move great distances, even within the small watersheds in the Oregon Coast Range, and although these movements may be infrequent, they may contribute substantially to recolonization after stochastic extirpation events (e.g., landslides and debris flows). Management strategies that focus on maintaining and restoring connectivity in a watershed represent an important step toward protecting the evolutionary capacity of stream salmonids.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1559/152304007781002262","issn":"15230406","usgsCitation":"Fegeas, R., 2007, The National Geospatial Program: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 34, no. 2, p. 161-164, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304007781002262.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badf9e4b08c986b323e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fegeas, R.G.","contributorId":92718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fegeas","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009857,"text":"70009857 - 2007 - Preliminary analysis of the earthquake (MW 8.1) and tsunami of April 1, 2007, in the Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-29T11:18:34.021034","indexId":"70009857","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3351,"text":"Science of Tsunami Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary analysis of the earthquake (MW 8.1) and tsunami of April 1, 2007, in the Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"On April 1, 2007, a destructive earthquake (Mw 8.1) and tsunami struck the central Solomon Islands arc in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The earthquake had a thrust-fault focal mechanism and occurred at shallow depth (between 15 km and 25 km) beneath the island arc. The combined effects of the earthquake and tsunami caused dozens of fatalities and thousands remain without shelter. We present a preliminary analysis of the Mw-8.1 earthquake and resulting tsunami. Multichannel seismic-reflection data collected during 1984 show the geologic structure of the arc's frontal prism within the earthquake's rupture zone. Modeling tsunami-wave propagation indicates that some of the islands are so close to the earthquake epicenter that they were hard hit by tsunami waves as soon as 5 min. after shaking began, allowing people scant time to react.","language":"English","publisher":"The Tsunami Society","issn":"87556839","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., Geist, E.L., Sliter, R., Wong, F.L., Reiss, C., and Mann, D.M., 2007, Preliminary analysis of the earthquake (MW 8.1) and tsunami of April 1, 2007, in the Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean: Science of Tsunami Hazards, v. 26, no. 1, p. 3-18.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268572,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://library.lanl.gov/tsunami/ts261.pdf"}],"country":"Solomon Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 150.0,-12.0 ], [ 150.0,-6.0 ], [ 160.0,-6.0 ], [ 160.0,-12.0 ], [ 150.0,-12.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a82cfe4b0c8380cd7bc64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":357296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":357294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, Ray","contributorId":46109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":357295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reiss, Carol","contributorId":105002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiss","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mann, Dennis M.","contributorId":50528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031272,"text":"70031272 - 2007 - Forest dynamics in Oregon landscapes: Evaluation and application of an individual-based model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031272","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest dynamics in Oregon landscapes: Evaluation and application of an individual-based model","docAbstract":"The FORCLIM model of forest dynamics was tested against field survey data for its ability to simulate basal area and composition of old forests across broad climatic gradients in western Oregon, USA. The model was also tested for its ability to capture successional trends in ecoregions of the west Cascade Range. It was then applied to simulate present and future (1990-2050) forest landscape dynamics of a watershed in the west Cascades. Various regimes of climate change and harvesting in the watershed were considered in the landscape application. The model was able to capture much of the variation in forest basal area and composition in western Oregon even though temperature and precipitation were the only inputs that were varied among simulated sites. The measured decline in total basal area from tall coastal forests eastward to interior steppe was matched by simulations. Changes in simulated forest dominants also approximated those in the actual data. Simulated abundances of a few minor species did not match actual abundances, however. Subsequent projections of climate change and harvest effects in a west Cascades landscape indicated no change in forest dominance as of 2050. Yet, climate-driven shifts in the distributions of some species were projected. The simulation of both stand-replacing and partial-stand disturbances across western Oregon improved agreement between simulated and actual data. Simulations with fire as an agent of partial disturbance suggested that frequent fires of low severity can alter forest composition and structure as much or more than severe fires at historic frequencies. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-1838.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Busing, R.T., Solomon, A., McKane, R., and Burdick, C., 2007, Forest dynamics in Oregon landscapes: Evaluation and application of an individual-based model: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 7, p. 1967-1981, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1838.1.","startPage":"1967","endPage":"1981","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212428,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1838.1"},{"id":239916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1331e4b0c8380cd5455b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busing, R. T.","contributorId":72162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busing","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, A.M.","contributorId":71721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKane, R.B.","contributorId":88558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKane","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burdick, C.A.","contributorId":51984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030018,"text":"70030018 - 2007 - A catastrophic meltwater flood event and the formation of the Hudson Shelf Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T12:26:30","indexId":"70030018","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A catastrophic meltwater flood event and the formation of the Hudson Shelf Valley","docAbstract":"The Hudson Shelf Valley (HSV) is the largest physiographic feature on the U.S. mid-Atlantic continental shelf. The 150-km long valley is the submerged extension of the ancestral Hudson River Valley that connects to the Hudson Canyon. Unlike other incised valleys on the mid-Atlantic shelf, it has not been infilled with sediment during the Holocene. Analyses of multibeam bathymetry, acoustic backscatter intensity, and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles reveal morphologic and stratigraphic evidence for a catastrophic meltwater flood event that formed the modern HSV. The valley and its distal deposits record a discrete flood event that carved 15-m high banks, formed a 120-km2 field of 3- to 6-m high bedforms, and deposited a subaqueous delta on the outer shelf. The HSV is inferred to have been carved initially by precipitation and meltwater runoff during the advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, and later by the drainage of early proglacial lakes through stable spillways. A flood resulting from the failure of the terminal moraine dam at the Narrows between Staten Island and Long Island, New York, allowed glacial lakes in the Hudson and Ontario basins to drain across the continental shelf. Water level changes in the Hudson River basin associated with the catastrophic drainage of glacial lakes Iroquois, Vermont, and Albany around 11,450 14C year BP (∼ 13,350 cal BP) may have precipitated dam failure at the Narrows. This 3200 km3 discharge of freshwater entered the North Atlantic proximal to the Gulf Stream and may have affected thermohaline circulation at the onset of the Intra-Allerød Cold Period. Based on bedform characteristics and fluvial morphology in the HSV, the maximum freshwater flux during the flood event is estimated to be ∼ 0.46 Sv for a duration of ∼ 80 days.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.030","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Thieler, E.R., Butman, B., Schwab, W.C., Allison, M.A., Driscoll, N.W., Donnelly, J.P., and Uchupi, E., 2007, A catastrophic meltwater flood event and the formation of the Hudson Shelf Valley: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 246, no. 1, p. 120-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.030.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1630","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson Shelf Valley","volume":"246","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e33be4b0c8380cd45ec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allison, Mead A.","contributorId":81750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"Mead","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Driscoll, Neal W.","contributorId":63266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Donnelly, John P. jpdonnelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"John","email":"jpdonnelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":425354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Uchupi, Elazar","contributorId":79853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uchupi","given":"Elazar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70031720,"text":"70031720 - 2007 - Identifying biotic integrity and water chemistry relations in nonwadeable rivers of Wisconsin: Toward the development of nutrient criteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:19:59","indexId":"70031720","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying biotic integrity and water chemistry relations in nonwadeable rivers of Wisconsin: Toward the development of nutrient criteria","docAbstract":"We sampled 41 sites on 34 nonwadeable rivers that represent the types of rivers in Wisconsin, and the kinds and intensities of nutrient and other anthropogenic stressors upon each river type. Sites covered much of United States Environmental Protection Agency national nutrient ecoregions VII-Mostly Glaciated Dairy Region, and VIII-Nutrient Poor, Largely Glaciated upper Midwest. Fish, macroinvertebrates, and three categories of environmental variables including nutrients, other water chemistry, and watershed features were collected using standard protocols. We summarized fish assemblages by index of biotic integrity (IBI) and its 10 component measures, and macroinvertebrates by 2 organic pollution tolerance and 12 proportional richness measures. All biotic and environmental variables represented a wide range of conditions, with biotic measures ranging from poor to excellent status, despite nutrient concentrations being consistently higher than reference concentrations reported for the regions. Regression tree analyses of nutrients on a suite of biotic measures identified breakpoints in total phosphorus (~0.06 mg/l) and total nitrogen (~0.64 mg/l) concentrations at which biotic assemblages were consistently impaired. Redundancy analyses (RDA) were used to identify the most important variables within each of the three environmental variable categories, which were then used to determine the relative influence of each variable category on the biota. Nutrient measures, suspended chlorophyll a, water clarity, and watershed land cover type (forest or row-crop agriculture) were the most important variables and they explained significant amounts of variation within the macroinvertebrate (R 2 = 60.6%) and fish (R 2 = 43.6%) assemblages. The environmental variables selected in the macroinvertebrate model were correlated to such an extent that partial RDA analyses could not attribute variation explained to individual environmental categories, assigning 89% of the explained variation to interactions among the categories. In contrast, partial RDA attributed much of the explained variation to the nutrient (25%) and other water chemistry (38%) categories for the fish model. Our analyses suggest that it would be beneficial to develop criteria based upon a suite of biotic and nutrient variables simultaneously to deem waters as not meeting their designated uses. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-006-0452-y","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Weigel, B., and Robertson, D.M., 2007, Identifying biotic integrity and water chemistry relations in nonwadeable rivers of Wisconsin: Toward the development of nutrient criteria: Environmental Management, v. 40, no. 4, p. 691-708, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-006-0452-y.","startPage":"691","endPage":"708","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-006-0452-y"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3849e4b0c8380cd614f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weigel, B.M.","contributorId":96483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030193,"text":"70030193 - 2007 - Oil and gas geochemistry and petroleum systems of the Fort Worth Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030193","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oil and gas geochemistry and petroleum systems of the Fort Worth Basin","docAbstract":"Detailed biomarker and light hydrocarbon geochemistry confirm that the marine Mississippian Barnett Shale is the primary source rock for petroleum in the Fort Worth Basin, north-central Texas, although contributions from other sources are possible. Biomarker data indicate that the main oil-generating Barnett Shale facies is marine and was deposited under dysoxic, strong upwelling, normal salinity conditions. The analysis of two outcrop samples and cuttings from seven wells indicates variability in the Barnett Shale organic facies and a possibility of other oil subfamilies being present. Light hydrocarbon analyses reveal significant terrigenous-sourced condensate input to some reservoirs, resulting in terrigenous and mixed marine-terrigenous light hydrocarbon signatures for many oils. The light hydrocarbon data suggest a secondary, condensate-generating source facies containing terrigenous or mixed terrigenous-marine organic matter. This indication of a secondary source rock that is not revealed by biomarker analysis emphasizes the importance of integrating biomarker and light hydrocarbon data to define petroleum source rocks. Gases in the Fort Worth Basin are thermogenic in origin and appear to be cogenerated with oil from the Barnett Shale, although some gas may also originate by oil cracking. Isotope data indicate minor contribution of biogenic gas. Except for reservoirs in the Pennsylvanian Bend Group, which contain gases spanning the complete range of observed maturities, the gases appear to be stratigraphically segregated, younger reservoirs contain less mature gas, and older reservoirs contain more mature gas. We cannot rule out the possibility that other source units within the Fort Worth Basin, such as the Smithwick Shale, are locally important petroleum sources. Copyright ?? 2007. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/11030606014","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Hill, R., Jarvie, D., Zumberge, J., Henry, M., and Pollastro, R.M., 2007, Oil and gas geochemistry and petroleum systems of the Fort Worth Basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 91, no. 4, p. 445-473, https://doi.org/10.1306/11030606014.","startPage":"445","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212113,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/11030606014"},{"id":239538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6cdfe4b0c8380cd74e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, R.J.","contributorId":92850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarvie, D.M.","contributorId":69768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvie","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zumberge, J.","contributorId":45114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zumberge","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henry, M.","contributorId":19766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pollastro, R. M.","contributorId":6809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030117,"text":"70030117 - 2007 - Evidence of CFC degradation in groundwater under pyrite-oxidizing conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:53:20","indexId":"70030117","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of CFC degradation in groundwater under pyrite-oxidizing conditions","docAbstract":"A detailed local-scale monitoring network was used to assess CFC distribution in an unconfined sand aquifer in southwestern Ontario where the zone of 1–5-year-old groundwater was known with certainty because of prior use of a bromide tracer. Groundwater ⩽5 years old was confined to an aerobic zone at ⩽5 m depth and had CFC concentrations consistent with modern atmospheric mixing ratios at recharge temperatures of 7–11 °C, as was observed in the 3-m thick vadose zone at the site. At depths below 6 m, the groundwater became progressively more reducing, however, with a denitrifying horizon at 6–7 m depth, and a Mn and Fe reducing zone below 7 m depth. In the anaerobic zone, 3H/3He ratios indicated that groundwater-age continued to increase uniformly with depth, to a maximum value of 27 years at 13 m depth. CFC concentrations, however, decreased abruptly within the denitrifying zone, leading to substantial age overestimation compared to the 3H/3He ages. Noble gas data indicated that the apparent CFC mass loss was not likely the result of gas stripping from possible bubble formation; thus, CFC degradation was indicated in the anoxic zone. The field data are consistent with first-order degradation rates of 0.3 yr−1 for CFC-12, 0.7 yr−1 for CFC-11, and 1.6 yr−1 for CFC-113. CFC attenuation at this site coincides with a zone where reduced S (pyrite) is actively oxidized by NO3 and dissolved oxygen (DO). Similar behavior has been observed at other sites [Tesoriero, A.J., Liebscher, H., Cox, S.E., 2000. Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: electron and mass balance along groundwater flow path. Water Resour. Res. 36 (6), 1545–1559; Hinsby, K., Hojberg, A.L., Engesgaard, P., Jensen, K.H., Larsen, F., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Accepted for publication. Transport and degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in a pyritic aquifer, Rabis Creek, Denmark. Water Resour. Res.], further demonstrating that the use of CFCs for age-dating anaerobic groundwater should be approached with caution, particularly if the sediment contains pyrite.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.08.009","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sebol, L., Robertson, W., Busenberg, E., Plummer, N., Ryan, M., and Schiff, S., 2007, Evidence of CFC degradation in groundwater under pyrite-oxidizing conditions: Journal of Hydrology, v. 347, no. 1-2, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.08.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.08.009"}],"volume":"347","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d5ce4b0c8380cd52f92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebol, L.A.","contributorId":74204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebol","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, W.D.","contributorId":40807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, M.C.","contributorId":105535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schiff, S.L.","contributorId":13001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiff","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70010433,"text":"70010433 - 2007 - Vegetation classification, mapping, and monitoring at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: An application of the U.S. National Vegetation Classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-17T11:54:59.379137","indexId":"70010433","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":849,"text":"Applied Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation classification, mapping, and monitoring at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: An application of the U.S. National Vegetation Classification","docAbstract":"Question: How can the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) serve as an effective tool for classifying and mapping vegetation, and inform assessments and monitoring? Location: Voyageurs National Park, northern Minnesota, U.S.A and environs. The park contains 54 243 ha of terrestrial habitat in the sub-boreal region of North America. Methods: We classified and mapped the natural vegetation using the USNVC, with 'alliance' and 'association' as base units. We compiled 259 classification plots and 1251 accuracy assessment test plots. Both plot and type ordinations were used to analyse vegetation and environmental patterns. Color infrared aerial photography (1:15840 scale) was used for mapping. Polygons were manually drawn, then transferred into digital form. Classification and mapping products are stored in publicly available databases. Past fire and logging events were used to assess distribution of forest types. Results and Discussion: Ordination and cluster analyses confirmed 49 associations and 42 alliances, with three associations ranked as globally vulnerable to extirpation. Ordination provided a useful summary of vegetation and ecological gradients. Overall map accuracy was 82.4%. Pinus banksiana - Picea mariana forests were less frequent in areas unburned since the 1930s. Conclusion: The USNVC provides a consistent ecological tool for summarizing and mapping vegetation. The products provide a baseline for assessing forests and wetlands, including fire management. The standardized classification and map units provide local to continental perspectives on park resources through linkages to state, provincial, and national classifications in the U.S. and Canada, and to NatureServe's Ecological Systems classification. IAVS; Opulus Press.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1654-109X.2007.tb00435.x","issn":"14022001","usgsCitation":"Faber-Langendoen, D., Aaseng, N., Hop, K., Lew-Smith, M., and Drake, J., 2007, Vegetation classification, mapping, and monitoring at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: An application of the U.S. National Vegetation Classification: Applied Vegetation Science, v. 10, no. 3, p. 361-374, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109X.2007.tb00435.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"374","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.16131591796875,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -92.449951171875,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -92.449951171875,\n 48.64470577018957\n ],\n [\n -93.16131591796875,\n 48.64470577018957\n ],\n [\n -93.16131591796875,\n 48.29781249243716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1d1e4b08c986b32a796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faber-Langendoen, D.","contributorId":14569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faber-Langendoen","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aaseng, N.","contributorId":33049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aaseng","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hop, K. 0000-0002-9928-4773","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9928-4773","contributorId":48702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hop","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lew-Smith, M.","contributorId":23272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lew-Smith","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drake, J.","contributorId":101003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030125,"text":"70030125 - 2007 - A global organism detection and monitoring system for non-native species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-17T10:39:20","indexId":"70030125","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A global organism detection and monitoring system for non-native species","docAbstract":"Harmful invasive non-native species are a significant threat to native species and ecosystems, and the costs associated with non-native species in the United States is estimated at over $120 Billion/year. While some local or regional databases exist for some taxonomic groups, there are no effective geographic databases designed to detect and monitor all species of non-native plants, animals, and pathogens. We developed a web-based solution called the Global Organism Detection and Monitoring (GODM) system to provide real-time data from a broad spectrum of users on the distribution and abundance of non-native species, including attributes of their habitats for predictive spatial modeling of current and potential distributions. The four major subsystems of GODM provide dynamic links between the organism data, web pages, spatial data, and modeling capabilities. The core survey database tables for recording invasive species survey data are organized into three categories: \"Where, Who & When, and What.\" Organisms are identified with Taxonomic Serial Numbers from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System. To allow users to immediately see a map of their data combined with other user's data, a custom geographic information system (GIS) Internet solution was required. The GIS solution provides an unprecedented level of flexibility in database access, allowing users to display maps of invasive species distributions or abundances based on various criteria including taxonomic classification (i.e., phylum or division, order, class, family, genus, species, subspecies, and variety), a specific project, a range of dates, and a range of attributes (percent cover, age, height, sex, weight). This is a significant paradigm shift from \"map servers\" to true Internet-based GIS solutions. The remainder of the system was created with a mix of commercial products, open source software, and custom software. Custom GIS libraries were created where required for processing large datasets, accessing the operating system, and to use existing libraries in C++, R, and other languages to develop the tools to track harmful species in space and time. The GODM database and system are crucial for early detection and rapid containment of invasive species. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Informatics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2007.03.006","issn":"15749541","usgsCitation":"Graham, J., Newman, G., Jarnevich, C., Shory, R., and Stohlgren, T., 2007, A global organism detection and monitoring system for non-native species: Ecological Informatics, v. 2, no. 2, p. 177-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2007.03.006.","startPage":"177","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502538,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10217/243722","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2007.03.006"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e40ae4b0c8380cd46389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, J.","contributorId":73826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, G.","contributorId":107657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarnevich, C.","contributorId":68099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shory, R.","contributorId":9870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shory","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030179,"text":"70030179 - 2007 - Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T10:11:19","indexId":"70030179","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3129,"text":"Proceedings in Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1568-2692(07)80002-7","issn":"15682692","isbn":"9780444521637","usgsCitation":"Maa, J., Sanford, L., and Schoellhamer, D., 2007, Preface: Proceedings in Marine Science, v. 8, p. v-vi, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1568-2692(07)80002-7.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"v","endPage":"vi","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211941,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1568-2692(07)80002-7"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8211e4b0c8380cd7b8b0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Maa J.P.Y.Sanford L.P.Schoellhamer D.H.","contributorId":128378,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Maa J.P.Y.Sanford L.P.Schoellhamer D.H.","id":536653,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Maa, J.P.-Y.","contributorId":92453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maa","given":"J.P.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, L.P.","contributorId":34273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033082,"text":"70033082 - 2007 - Applications of the JARS method to study levee sites in southern Texas and southern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033082","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Applications of the JARS method to study levee sites in southern Texas and southern New Mexico","docAbstract":"We apply the joint analysis of refractions with surface waves (JARS) method to several sites and compare its results to traditional refraction-tomography methods in efforts of finding a more realistic solution to the inverse refraction-traveltime problem. The JARS method uses a reference model, derived from surface-wave shear-wave velocity estimates, as a constraint. In all of the cases JARS estimates appear more realistic than those from the conventional refraction-tomography methods. As a result, we consider, the JARS algorithm as the preferred method for finding solutions to the inverse refraction-tomography problems. ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2792826","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Xia, J., and Dunbar, J., 2007, Applications of the JARS method to study levee sites in southern Texas and southern New Mexico, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 26, no. 1, p. 1725-1729, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2792826.","startPage":"1725","endPage":"1729","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2792826"},{"id":240749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eccae4b0c8380cd494bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunbar, J.B.","contributorId":9873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029996,"text":"70029996 - 2007 - Completion of the 2001 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T12:45:51","indexId":"70029996","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Completion of the 2001 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Homer, C.G., Dewitz, J., Fry, J., Coan, M., Hossain, N., Larson, C., Herold, N., McKerrow, A., VanDriel, J., and Wickham, J., 2007, Completion of the 2001 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 73, no. 4, p. 337-341.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f90be4b0c8380cd4d3ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewitz, Jon 0000-0002-0458-212X dewitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-212X","contributorId":2401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewitz","given":"Jon","email":"dewitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fry, Joyce 0000-0002-8466-9582 jfry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-9582","contributorId":3147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"Joyce","email":"jfry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":425221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coan, Michael mcoan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coan","given":"Michael","email":"mcoan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":425214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hossain, N.","contributorId":7505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossain","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, C.","contributorId":32357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herold, Nate","contributorId":127749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herold","given":"Nate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7054,"text":"NOAA/NMFS, Silver Spring, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McKerrow, Alexa 0000-0002-8312-2905 amckerrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-2905","contributorId":127753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKerrow","given":"Alexa","email":"amckerrow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"VanDriel, J.N.","contributorId":26145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanDriel","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wickham, James","contributorId":140259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":12657,"text":"EPA NEIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":425222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70031575,"text":"70031575 - 2007 - Local annual survival and seasonal residency rates of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:01:48","indexId":"70031575","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local annual survival and seasonal residency rates of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"We report seasonal residency and local annual survival rates of migratory Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) at the Cabo Rojo salt flats, Puerto Rico. Residency rate (daily probability of remaining on the flats) was 0.991 ± 0.001 (x̄ ± SE), yielding a mean length of stay of 110 days. This finding supports the inclusion of the Caribbean as part of the species' winter range. Average estimated percentage of fat was low but increased throughout the season, which suggests that birds replenish some spent fat reserves and strive for energetic maintenance. Local annual survival rate was 0.62 ± 0.04, within the range of values reported for breeding populations at Manitoba and Alaska (0.53–0.76). The similarity was not unexpected because estimates were obtained annually but at opposite sites of their annual migratory movements. Birds captured at the salt flats appeared to be a mix of birds from various parts of the breeding range, judging from morphology (culmen's coefficient of variation = 9.1, n = 106). This suggested that origin (breeding area) of birds and their proportion in the data should be ascertained and accounted for in analyses to glean the full conservation implications of winter-based annual survival estimates. Those data are needed to unravel the possibility that individuals of distinct populations are affected by differential mortality factors across different migratory routes. Mean length of stay strongly suggested that habitat quality at the salt flats was high. Rainfall and tidal flow combine to increase food availability during fall. The salt flats dry up gradually toward late January, at the onset of the dry season. Semipalmated Sandpipers may move west to other Greater Antilles or south to sites such as coastal Surinam until the onset of spring migration. They are not an oversummering species at the salt flats. Conservation efforts in the Caribbean region require understanding the dynamics of this species throughout winter to protect essential habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1397:LASASR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Rice, S., Collazo, J., Alldredge, M., Harrington, B.A., and Lewis, A., 2007, Local annual survival and seasonal residency rates of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in Puerto Rico: The Auk, v. 124, no. 4, p. 1397-1406, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1397:LASASR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1397","endPage":"1406","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48d8e4b0c8380cd68183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, S.M.","contributorId":70190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, J.A.","contributorId":35039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alldredge, M.W.","contributorId":50263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrington, B. A.","contributorId":10758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrington","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, A.R.","contributorId":70191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029995,"text":"70029995 - 2007 - Factors controlling soil water and stream water aluminum concentrations after a clearcut in a forested watershed with calcium-poor soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70029995","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling soil water and stream water aluminum concentrations after a clearcut in a forested watershed with calcium-poor soils","docAbstract":"The 24 ha Dry Creek watershed in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York State USA was clearcut during the winter of 1996-1997. The interactions among acidity, nitrate (NO3- ), aluminum (Al), and calcium (Ca2+) in streamwater, soil water, and groundwater were evaluated to determine how they affected the speciation, solubility, and concentrations of Al after the harvest. Watershed soils were characterized by low base saturation, high exchangeable Al concentrations, and low exchangeable base cation concentrations prior to the harvest. Mean streamwater NO3- concentration was about 20 ??mol l-1 for the 3 years before the harvest, increased sharply after the harvest, and peaked at 1,309 ??mol l -1 about 5 months after the harvest. Nitrate and inorganic monomeric aluminum (Alim) export increased by 4-fold during the first year after the harvest. Alim mobilization is of concern because it is toxic to some fish species and can inhibit the uptake of Ca2+ by tree roots. Organic complexation appeared to control Al solubility in the O horizon while ion exchange and possibly equilibrium with imogolite appeared to control Al solubility in the B horizon. Alim and NO3- concentrations were strongly correlated in B-horizon soil water after the clearcut (r2 = 0.96), especially at NO3- concentrations greater than 100 ??mol l-1. Groundwater entering the stream from perennial springs contained high concentrations of base cations and low concentrations of NO3- which mixed with acidic, high Alim soil water and decreased the concentration of Alim in streamwater after the harvest. Five years after the harvest soil water NO 3- concentrations had dropped below preharvest levels as the demand for nitrogen by regenerating vegetation increased, but groundwater NO3- concentrations remained elevated because groundwater has a longer residence time. As a result streamwater NO3- concentrations had not fallen below preharvest levels, even during the growing season, 5 years after the harvest because of the contribution of groundwater to the stream. Streamwater NO3- and Alim concentrations increased more than reported in previous forest harvesting studies and the recovery was slower likely because the watershed has experienced several decades of acid deposition that has depleted initially base-poor soils of exchangeable base cations and caused long-term acidification of the soil. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-007-9124-0","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"McHale, M., Burns, D.A., Lawrence, G., and Murdoch, P., 2007, Factors controlling soil water and stream water aluminum concentrations after a clearcut in a forested watershed with calcium-poor soils: Biogeochemistry, v. 84, no. 3, p. 311-331, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9124-0.","startPage":"311","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213100,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9124-0"},{"id":240690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ebbe4b0c8380cd535c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHale, M.R.","contributorId":66442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}