Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), the major prey fish for Lake Ontario, contain thiaminase. They are associated with development of a thiamine deficiency in salmonines which greatly increases the potential for developing an early mortality syndrome (EMS). To assess the possible effects of thiamine deficiency on salmonine reproduction we measured egg thiamine concentrations for five species of Lake Ontario salmonines. From this we estimated the proportion of families susceptible to EMS based on whether they were below the ED20, the egg thiamine concentration associated with 20% mortality due to EMS. The ED20s were 1.52, 2.63, and 2.99 nmol/g egg for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), respectively. Based on the proportion of fish having egg thiamine concentrations falling below the ED20, the risk of developing EMS in Lake Ontario was highest for lake trout, followed by coho (O. kisutch), and Chinook salmon, with the least risk for rainbow trout (O. mykiss). For lake trout from western Lake Ontario, mean egg thiamine concentration showed significant annual variability during 1994 to 2003, when the proportion of lake trout at risk of developing EMS based on ED20 ranged between 77 and 100%. Variation in the annual mean egg thiamine concentration for western Lake Ontario lake trout was positively related (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.94) with indices of annual adult alewife biomass. While suggesting the possible involvement of density-dependent changes in alewives, the changes are small relative to egg thiamine concentrations when alewife are not part of the diet and are of insufficient magnitude to allow for natural reproduction by lake trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[93:ETSOLO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Fitzsimons, J., Williston, B., Williston, G., Brown, L., El-Shaarawi, A., Vandenbyllaardt, L., Honeyfeld, D., Tillitt, D., Wolgamood, M., and Brown, S., 2007, Egg thiamine status of Lake Ontario salmonines 1995-2004 with emphasis on lake trout: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. 1, p. 93-103, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[93:ETSOLO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212847,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[93:ETSOLO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a086fe4b0c8380cd51b07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzsimons, J.D.","contributorId":50845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzsimons","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williston, B.","contributorId":49176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williston","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williston, G.","contributorId":73825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williston","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, L. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":56995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"El-Shaarawi, A.","contributorId":85406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Shaarawi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vandenbyllaardt, L.","contributorId":60442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandenbyllaardt","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Honeyfeld, D.","contributorId":72208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfeld","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tillitt, D.","contributorId":70886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wolgamood, M.","contributorId":65790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolgamood","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brown, S.B.","contributorId":107636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70030044,"text":"70030044 - 2007 - Altered mangrove wetlands as habitat for estuarine nekton: are dredged channels and tidal creeks equivalent?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T09:19:53","indexId":"70030044","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Altered mangrove wetlands as habitat for estuarine nekton: are dredged channels and tidal creeks equivalent?","docAbstract":"Hasty decisions are often made regarding the restoration of \"altered\" habitats, when in fact the ecological value of these habitats may be comparable to natural ones. To assess the \"value\" of altered mangrove-lined habitats for nekton, we sampled for 1 yr within three Tampa Bay wetlands. Species composition, abundance, and spatial distribution of nekton assemblages in permanent subtidal portions of natural tidal creeks and wetlands altered by construction of mosquito-control ditches and stormwater-drainage ditches were quantified through seasonal seine sampling. Results of repeated-measures analysis of variance and ordination of nekton community data suggested differences in species composition and abundance between natural and altered habitat, though not consistently among the three wetlands. In many cases, mosquito ditches were more similar in assemblage structure to tidal creeks than to stormwater ditches. In general, mosquito ditches and stormwater ditches were the most dissimilar in terms of nekton community structure. These dissimilarities were likely due to differences in design between the two types of ditches. Mosquito ditches tend to fill in over time and are thus more ephemeral features in the landscape. In contrast, stormwater ditches are a more permanent altered habitat that remain open due to periodic flushing from heavy runoff. Results indicate that environmental conditions (e.g., salinity, current velocity, vegetative structure) may provide a more useful indication of potential habitat \"value\" for nekton than whether the habitat has been altered. The type of ditching is therefore more important than ditching per se when judging the habitat quality of these altered channels for fishes, shrimps and crabs. Planning should entail careful consideration of environmental conditions rather than simply restoring for restoration's sake.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Miami","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Krebs, J.M., Brame, A.B., and McIvor, C.C., 2007, Altered mangrove wetlands as habitat for estuarine nekton: are dredged channels and tidal creeks equivalent?: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 80, no. 3, p. 839-861.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"861","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293247,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/2007/00000080/00000003/art00024"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.833333,27.5 ], [ -82.833333,28.0 ], [ -82.333333,28.0 ], [ -82.333333,27.5 ], [ -82.833333,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e97ae4b0c8380cd482e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krebs, Justin M.","contributorId":35546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krebs","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brame, Adam B.","contributorId":64029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brame","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIvor, Carole C.","contributorId":73254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030042,"text":"70030042 - 2007 - Breeding biology of passerines in a subtropical montane forest in northwestern Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030042","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding biology of passerines in a subtropical montane forest in northwestern Argentina","docAbstract":"The breeding ecology of south temperate bird species is less widely known than that of north temperate species, yet because they comprise a large portion of the world's avian diversity, knowledge of their breeding ecology can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the geographic diversity of avian reproductive traits and life history strategies. We provide the first detailed examination of the reproductive strategies of 18 forest passerines of subtropical, northwestern Argentina. Mean clutch sizes were smaller and egg mass was greater than for north temperate birds, but differed among species and nest types, with cavity-nesters having larger clutches than species with open-cup and enclosed nests. Across all species, the average breeding season duration was 50 days; thus, the common perception that southern species have smaller clutch sizes because of longer breeding seasons is not supported in this community. Daily nest predation rates were influenced by nest type, cavity nests suffering the least from predation, as found in north temperate systems. Only females incubated eggs in all but one species, whereas both parents fed and cared for nestlings in all species. Mean nest attentiveness was low compared to north temperate passerines. Mean hourly nestling feeding rates differed among species and were negatively related to nest predation risk. In short, coexisting species in this subtropical forest varied in their life history strategies, in part correlated with variation in nest predation risk, but also differing from north temperate species. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[321:BBOPIA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Auer, S., Bassar, R., Fontaine, J., and Martin, T.E., 2007, Breeding biology of passerines in a subtropical montane forest in northwestern Argentina: Condor, v. 109, no. 2, p. 321-333, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[321:BBOPIA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"321","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477188,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[321:bbopia]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212789,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[321:BBOPIA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":240329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f25fe4b0c8380cd4b13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auer, S.K.","contributorId":17834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auer","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bassar, R.D.","contributorId":52787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassar","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fontaine, J.J.","contributorId":37940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030040,"text":"70030040 - 2007 - An assessment of ichthyofaunal assemblages within the mangal of the Belize offshore cays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T13:47:01","indexId":"70030040","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1106,"text":"Bulletin of Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of ichthyofaunal assemblages within the mangal of the Belize offshore cays","docAbstract":"We assessed ichthyofaunal diversity within offshore mangrove cays in Belize during three, 2-wk surveys (2003, 2004, 2005). Nine sampling gears were deployed in pre-defined micro-habitats: fringe, transition, dwarf red mangrove, internal creeks, ponds, and sinkholes. Water quality data (temperature, salinity, DO) were taken during most collections. A total of 2586 gear sets was completed and 8131 individuals collected, comprising 75 taxa. Minnow trap data from the various micro-habitats tested indicates some overlap in assemblages. Significant differences in water quality were also noted, with the fringe representing the most benign and the sink-hole the most harsh microhabitats, respectively. We also conducted extensive visual surveys around the fringe at a number of cays, tallying an additional 67 taxa. The fringe is the most diverse (128 taxa) and sinkhole least (12 species). An overall total of 142 taxa from 55 families has therefore been documented from the cays, and all but eight were found on Twin Cays alone. This figure is among the highest reported for oceanic mangroves in this biogeographic realm. Our comprehensive approach with a variety of gear-types in a wide range of micro-habitats, combined with visual observation, lends credence to the conclusion that most ichthyological species inventories for the mangal are commonly underestimates.","largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Marine Science","language":"English","publisher":"University of Miami - Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science","issn":"00074977","usgsCitation":"Taylor, D., Reyier, E., McIvor, C., and Davis, W., 2007, An assessment of ichthyofaunal assemblages within the mangal of the Belize offshore cays: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 80, no. 3, p. 721-737.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"721","endPage":"737","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295034,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/article?option1=tka&value1=An+assessment+of+ichthyofaunal+assemblages+within+the+mangal+of+the+Belize+offshore+cays&pageSize=10&index=1"}],"country":"Belize","volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea11e4b0c8380cd485ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, D.S.","contributorId":17835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reyier, E.A.","contributorId":84564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyier","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIvor, C.C.","contributorId":38104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, W.P.","contributorId":64893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030039,"text":"70030039 - 2007 - Simple predictions of maximum transport rate in unsaturated soil and rock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:16:27","indexId":"70030039","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simple predictions of maximum transport rate in unsaturated soil and rock","docAbstract":"In contrast with the extreme variability expected for water and contaminant fluxes in the unsaturated zone, evidence from 64 field tests of preferential flow indicates that the maximum transport speed Vmax, adjusted for episodicity of infiltration, deviates little from a geometric mean of 13 m/d. A model based on constant‐speed travel during infiltration pulses of actual or estimated duration can predict Vmax with approximate order‐of‐magnitude accuracy, irrespective of medium or travel distance, thereby facilitating such problems as the prediction of worst‐case contaminant traveltimes. The lesser variability suggests that preferential flow is subject to rate‐limiting mechanisms analogous to those that impose a terminal velocity on objects in free fall and to rate‐compensating mechanisms analogous to Le Chatlier's principle. A critical feature allowing such mechanisms to dominate may be the presence of interfacial boundaries confined by neither solid material nor capillary forces.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005372","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., 2007, Simple predictions of maximum transport rate in unsaturated soil and rock: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 5, W05426; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005372.","productDescription":"W05426; 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005372","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f6ee4b08c986b318f17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030038,"text":"70030038 - 2007 - Development of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr based on diatoms and silicoflagellates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T17:49:12.10361","indexId":"70030038","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr based on diatoms and silicoflagellates","docAbstract":"Detailed diatom and silicoflagellates records in three cores from the offshore region of southern Oregon to central California reveal the evolution of the northern part of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr. The early Holocene, prior to ∼ 9 ka, was characterized by relatively warm sea surface temperatures (SST), owing to enhanced northerly flow of the subtropical waters comparable to the modern Davidson Current. Progressive strengthening of the North Pacific High lead to intensification of the southward flow of the California Current at ∼ 8 ka, resulting in increased coastal upwelling and relatively cooler SST which persisted until ∼ 5 ka. Reduced southward flow of the California Current between ∼ 4.8 ka and 3.6 ka may have been responsible for a period of decreased upwelling. Modern seasonal oceanographic cycles, as evidenced by increased spring–early summer coastal upwelling and warming of early fall SST evolved between 3.5 and 3.2 ka. Widespread occurrence of paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic change between ∼ 3.5–3.0 ka along the eastern margins of the North Pacific was likely a response to increasing ENSO variability in the tropical Pacific.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.12.009","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., and Bukry, D., 2007, Development of the California Current during the past 12,000 yr based on diatoms and silicoflagellates: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 248, no. 3-4, p. 313-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.12.009.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"338","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 43.58039085560784\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 36.27970720524017\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 43.58039085560784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"248","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0068e4b0c8380cd4f751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":30980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030033,"text":"70030033 - 2007 - Evidence for prosauropod dinosaur gastroliths in the Bull Run Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:49:12","indexId":"70030033","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for prosauropod dinosaur gastroliths in the Bull Run Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Virginia","docAbstract":"Definitive criteria for distinguishing gastroliths from sedimentary clasts are lacking for many depositional settings, and many reported occurrences of gastroliths either cannot be verified or have been refuted. We discuss four occurrences of gastrolith-like stones (category 6 exoliths) not found within skeletal remains from the Upper Triassic Bull Run Formation of northern Virginia, USA. Despite their lack of obvious skeletal association, the most parsimonious explanation for several characteristics of these stones is their prolonged residence in the gastric mills of large animals. These characteristics include 1) typical gastrolith microscopic surface texture, 2) evidence of pervasive surface wear on many of these stones that has secondarily removed variable amounts of thick weathering rinds typically found on these stones, and 3) a width/length-ratio modal peak for these stones that is more strongly developed than in any population of fluvial or fanglomerate stones of any age found in this region. When taken together, these properties of the stones can be explained most parsimoniously by animal ingestion and gastric-mill abrasion. The size of these stones indicates the animals that swallowed them were large, and the best candidate is a prosauropod dinosaur, possibly an ancestor of the Early Jurassic gastrolith-producing prosauropod Massospondylus or Ammosaurus.
Skeletal evidence for Upper Triassic prosauropods is lacking in the Newark Supergroup basins; footprints (Agrestipus hottoni and Eubrontes isp.) from the Bull Run Formation in the Culpeper basin previously ascribed to prosauropods are now known to be underprints (Brachychirotherium parvum) of an aetosaur and underprints (Kayentapus minor) of a ceratosaur. The absence of prosauropod skeletal remains or footprints in all but the uppermost (upper Rhaetian) Triassic rocks of the Newark Supergroup is puzzling because prosauropod remains are abundant elsewhere in the world in Upper Triassic (Carnian, Norian, and lower Rhaetian) continental strata. The apparent scarcity of prosauropods in Upper Triassic strata of the Newark Supergroup is interpreted as an artifact of ecological partitioning, created by the habitat range and dietary preferences of phytosaurs and by the preservational biases at that time within the lithofacies of the Newark Supergroup basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420940601050030","usgsCitation":"Weems, R.E., Culp, M.J., and Wings, O., 2007, Evidence for prosauropod dinosaur gastroliths in the Bull Run Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Virginia: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 14, no. 3-4, p. 271-295, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940601050030.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"295","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"14","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d50e4b0c8380cd52f3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culp, Michelle J.","contributorId":80083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Culp","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wings, Oliver","contributorId":49604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wings","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030032,"text":"70030032 - 2007 - Annual precipitation in the Yellowstone National Park region since AD 1173","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030032","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual precipitation in the Yellowstone National Park region since AD 1173","docAbstract":"Cores and cross sections from 133 limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) at four sites were used to estimate annual (July to June) precipitation in the Yellowstone National Park region for the period from AD 1173 to 1998. Examination of the long-term record shows that the early 20th century was markedly wet compared to the previous 700??yr. Extreme wet and dry years within the instrumental period fall within the range of past variability, and the magnitude of the worst-case droughts of the 20th century (AD 1930s and 1950s) was likely equaled or exceeded on numerous occasions before AD 1900. Spectral analysis showed significant decadal to multidecadal precipitation variability. At times this lower frequency variability produces strong regime-like behavior in regional precipitation, with the potential for rapid, high-amplitude switching between predominately wet and predominately dry conditions. Over multiple time scales, strong Yellowstone region precipitation anomalies were almost always associated with spatially extensive events spanning various combinations of the central and southern U.S. Rockies, the northern U.S.-Southern Canadian Rockies and the Pacific Northwest. ?? 2007 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2007.02.002","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Gray, S., Graumlich, L., and Betancourt, J., 2007, Annual precipitation in the Yellowstone National Park region since AD 1173: Quaternary Research, v. 68, no. 1, p. 18-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.02.002.","startPage":"18","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212667,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.02.002"},{"id":240190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec2ee4b0c8380cd490f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, S.T.","contributorId":19680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graumlich, L.J.","contributorId":30417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graumlich","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030031,"text":"70030031 - 2007 - Experimental analysis of the auditory detection process on avian point counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:05:17","indexId":"70030031","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental analysis of the auditory detection process on avian point counts","docAbstract":"We have developed a system for simulating the conditions of avian surveys in which birds are identified by sound. The system uses a laptop computer to control a set of amplified MP3 players placed at known locations around a survey point. The system can realistically simulate a known population of songbirds under a range of factors that affect detection probabilities. The goals of our research are to describe the sources and range of variability affecting point-count estimates and to find applications of sampling theory and methodologies that produce practical improvements in the quality of bird-census data. Initial experiments in an open field showed that, on average, observers tend to undercount birds on unlimited-radius counts, though the proportion of birds counted by individual observers ranged from 81% to 132% of the actual total. In contrast to the unlimited-radius counts, when data were truncated at a 50-m radius around the point, observers overestimated the total population by 17% to 122%. Results also illustrate how detection distances decline and identification errors increase with increasing levels of ambient noise. Overall, the proportion of birds heard by observers decreased by 28 ± 4.7% under breezy conditions, 41 ± 5.2% with the presence of additional background birds, and 42 ± 3.4% with the addition of 10 dB of white noise. These findings illustrate some of the inherent difficulties in interpreting avian abundance estimates based on auditory detections, and why estimates that do not account for variations in detection probability will not withstand critical scrutiny.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[986:EAOTAD]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Simons, T., Alldredge, M., Pollock, K.H., and Wettroth, J., 2007, Experimental analysis of the auditory detection process on avian point counts: The Auk, v. 124, no. 3, p. 986-999, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[986:EAOTAD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"999","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[986:eaotad]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dbfe4b0c8380cd5318e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alldredge, M.W.","contributorId":50263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wettroth, J.M.","contributorId":83740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wettroth","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030029,"text":"70030029 - 2007 - Effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow and the water balance of a trenched hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70030029","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow and the water balance of a trenched hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"The effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow initiation and the hillslope water balance is poorly understood. Previous hillslope hydrological studies at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), Georgia, USA, have assumed that the bedrock underlying the trenched hillslope is effectively impermeable. This paper presents a series of sprinkling experiments where we test the bedrock impermeability hypothesis at the PMRW. Specifically, we quantify the bedrock permeability effects on hillslope subsurface stormflow generation and the hillslope water balance at the PMRW. Five sprinkling experiments were performed by applying 882-1676 mm of rainfall over a ???5.5 m ?? 12 m area on the lower hillslope during ???8 days. In addition to water input and output captured at the trench, we measured transpiration in 14 trees on the slope to close the water balance. Of the 193 mm day-1 applied during the later part of the sprinkling experiments when soil moisture changes were small, < 14 mm day-1 was collected at the trench and <4 mm day-1 was transpired by the trees, with residual bedrock leakage of > 175 mm day-1 (91%). Bedrock moisture was measured at three locations downslope of the water collection system in the trench. Bedrock moisture responded quickly to precipitation in early spring. Peak tracer breakthrough in response to natural precipitation in the bedrock downslope from the trench was delayed only 2 days relative to peak tracer arrival in subsurface stormflow at the trench. Leakage to bedrock influences subsurface stormflow at the storm time-scale and also the water balance of the hillslope. This has important implications for the age and geochemistry of the water and thus how one models this hillslope and watershed. Copyright ?? 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6265","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Tromp-van, M.H., Peters, N., and McDonnell, J.J., 2007, Effect of bedrock permeability on subsurface stormflow and the water balance of a trenched hillslope at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 21, no. 6, p. 750-769, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6265.","startPage":"750","endPage":"769","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6265"},{"id":240692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c2e4b0c8380cd50f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tromp-van, Meerveld H. J. H. J.","contributorId":54710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tromp-van","given":"Meerveld","suffix":"H. J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030028,"text":"70030028 - 2007 - Influence of soil chemistry on metal and bioessential element concentrations in nymphal and adult periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70030028","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of soil chemistry on metal and bioessential element concentrations in nymphal and adult periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.)","docAbstract":"Metal and bioessential element concentrations were measured in three species of 17-year periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) to determine how cicada tissue chemistry is affected by soil chemistry, measure the bioavailability of metals from both uncontaminated and lead-arsenate-pesticide contaminated soils, and assess the potential risks of observed metal contamination for wildlife. Periodical cicada nymphs feed on root xylem fluids for 13 or 17??years of underground development. The nymphs then emerge synchronously at high densities, before leaving their nymphal keratin exoskeleton and molting into their adult form. Cicadas are an important food source for birds and animals during emergence events, and influence nutrient cycles in woodland ecosystems. Nymphal exoskeletons and whole adult cicadas were sampled in Clarke and Frederick Counties, Virginia and Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, West Virginia during the Brood X emergence in May and June, 2004. Elements, such as Al, Fe, and Pb, are strongly enriched in the nymphal exoskeleton relative to the adult body; Cu and Zn are enriched in bodies. Concentrations of Fe and Pb, when normalized to relatively inert soil constituents such as Al and Ce, are similar in both the molt exoskeleton and their host soil, implying that passive assimilation through prolonged soil contact (adhesion or adsorption) might control these metal concentrations. Normalized concentrations of bioessential elements, such as S, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo, and chalcophile (sulfur-loving) elements, such as As, Se, and Au, indicate strong enrichment in cicada tissues relative to soil, implying selective absorption and retention by xylem fluids, the cicada nymphs themselves, or both. Element enrichment patterns in cicada tissues are similar to enrichment patterns observed in xylem fluids from tree roots. Chalcophile elements and heavy metals accumulate in keratin-rich tissues and may bind to sulfhydryl groups. Metal concentrations in the nymphal exoskeleton show a positive correlation with soil metal concentrations, with Au exhibiting particularly strong enrichment in the exoskeleton relative to soil concentrations. Metal concentrations in adult bodies do not correlate with soil chemistry. Bioessential elements S, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn differed by sex in adults, whereas Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, and As differed by species. Body concentrations of Ca differed by site conditions (orchard or reference setting). The high Pb contents of orchard soils contaminated by arsenical pesticide residues might inhibit Ca uptake by cicada nymphs. The adult cicadas contain concentrations of metals similar to, or less than, other invertebrates, such as earthworms. There does not appear to be a dietary threat to birds or other consumers of adult cicadas based on Maximum Tolerable Dietary Level (MTDL) Guidelines developed for agricultural animals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.031","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G., Sibrell, P., Boughton, C., and Yang, L., 2007, Influence of soil chemistry on metal and bioessential element concentrations in nymphal and adult periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.): Science of the Total Environment, v. 374, no. 2-3, p. 367-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.031.","startPage":"367","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213073,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.12.031"},{"id":240658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"374","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b7ce4b0c8380cd62590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boughton, C.J.","contributorId":89356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yang, L.H.","contributorId":53168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030027,"text":"70030027 - 2007 - Geohydrologic assessment of fractured crystalline bedrock on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through the use of advanced borehole geophysical methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T10:07:52","indexId":"70030027","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2323,"text":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geohydrologic assessment of fractured crystalline bedrock on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through the use of advanced borehole geophysical methods","docAbstract":"Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to assess the geohydrology of fractured crystalline bedrock in 31 of 64 boreholes on the southern part of Manhattan Island, NY in preparation of the construction of a new water tunnel. The study area is located in a highly urbanized part of New York City. The boreholes penetrated gneiss, schist, and other crystalline bedrock that has an overall southwest-to northwest-dipping foliation. Most of the fractures intersected are nearly horizontal or have moderate- to high-angle northwest or eastward dip azimuths. Heat-pulse flowmeter logs obtained under nonpumping (ambient) and pumping conditions, together with other geophysical logs, delineated transmissive fracture zones in each borehole. Water-level and flowmeter data suggest the fractured-rock ground-water-flow system is interconnected. The 60 MHz directional borehole-radar logs delineated the location and orientation of several radar reflectors that did not intersect the projection of the borehole. A total of 53 faults intersected by the boreholes have mean orientation populations of N12°W, 66°W and N11°W, 70°E. A total of 77 transmissive fractures delineated using the heat-pulse flowmeter have mean orientations of N11°E, 14°SE (majority) and N23°E, 57°NW (minority). The transmissivity of the bedrock boreholes ranged from 0.7 to 870 feet squared (ft2) per day (0.07 to 81 metres squared (m2) per day).
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1088/1742-2132/4/3/S02","issn":"17422132","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Joesten, P., and Lane, J., 2007, Geohydrologic assessment of fractured crystalline bedrock on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through the use of advanced borehole geophysical methods: Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, v. 4, no. 3, p. 245-252, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/4/3/S02.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Manhattan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.02450561523438,\n 40.69938133866613\n ],\n [\n -73.93386840820312,\n 40.69938133866613\n ],\n [\n -73.93386840820312,\n 40.79977641109269\n ],\n [\n -74.02450561523438,\n 40.79977641109269\n ],\n [\n -74.02450561523438,\n 40.69938133866613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a17a0e4b0c8380cd55578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, F.","contributorId":33928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, A.","contributorId":81697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030026,"text":"70030026 - 2007 - Coastal-change impacts during hurricane katrina: an overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T16:53:58","indexId":"70030026","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coastal-change impacts during hurricane katrina: an overview","docAbstract":"As part of an ongoing cooperative effort between USGS, NASA and USACE, the barrier islands within the right-front quadrant of Hurricane Katrina were surveyed with airborne lidar both before and after landfall. Dauphin Island, AL was located the farthest from landfall and wave runup intermittently overtopped its central and western sections. The Gulf-side of the island experienced severe erosion, leaving the first row of houses in the sea, while the bayside accreted. In contrast, the Chandeleur Islands, LA did not experience, this classic `rollover'. Rather, the island chain was completely stripped of sand, transforming a 40-km-long sandy island chain into a discontinuous series of muddy marsh islets. Models indicate that storm surge likely submerged the entire Chandeleur Island chain, at least during the latter part of the storm. The net result was destructive coastal change for the Chandeleur Islands, while Dauphin Island tended to maintain its form through landward migration.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)68","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A., Wright, C.W., and Lillycrop, J., 2007, Coastal-change impacts during hurricane katrina: an overview, in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, p. 888-896, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)68.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"888","endPage":"896","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213014,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)68"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f794e4b0c8380cd4cbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury","contributorId":83339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lillycrop, Jeff","contributorId":62027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillycrop","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030025,"text":"70030025 - 2007 - On the phylogenetic position of the scrub-birds (Passeriformes: Menurae: Atrichornithidae) of Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70030025","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the phylogenetic position of the scrub-birds (Passeriformes: Menurae: Atrichornithidae) of Australia","docAbstract":"Evolutionary relationships of the scrub-birds Atrichornis were investigated using complete sequences of the recombination-activating gene RAG-1 and the proto-oncogene c-mos for two individuals of the noisy scrub-bird Atrichornis clamosus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Atrichornis was sister to the genus Menura (the lyrebirds) and that these two genera (the Menurae) were sister to the rest of the oscine passerines. A sister relationship between Atrichornis and Menura supports the traditional view, based on morphology and DNA hybridization, that these taxa are closely related. Similarly, a sister relationship with the remaining oscine passerines agrees with the morphological distinctiveness of Atrichornis and Menura, although this result contradicts conclusions based on DNA hybridization studies. Although Atrichornis is very well known morphologically, previous conclusions regarding its relationships were hampered by a lack of comparative knowledge of other passerines, making concurrence of the sequence data of particular significance. ?? Dt. Ornithologen-Gesellschaft e.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10336-007-0174-9","issn":"00218375","usgsCitation":"Chesser, R., and ten, H.J., 2007, On the phylogenetic position of the scrub-birds (Passeriformes: Menurae: Atrichornithidae) of Australia: Journal of Ornithology, v. 148, no. 4, p. 471-476, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-007-0174-9.","startPage":"471","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-007-0174-9"}],"volume":"148","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6de7e4b0c8380cd753b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chesser, R.T. 0000-0003-4389-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":34616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten, Have J.","contributorId":29221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten","given":"Have","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030024,"text":"70030024 - 2007 - Dominant factors in controlling marine gas pools in South China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70030024","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1707,"text":"Frontiers of Earth Science in China","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dominant factors in controlling marine gas pools in South China","docAbstract":"In marine strata from Sinian to Middle Triassic in South China, there develop four sets of regional and six sets of local source rocks, and ten sets of reservoir rocks. The occurrence of four main formation periods in association with five main reconstruction periods, results in a secondary origin for the most marine gas pools in South China. To improve the understanding of marine gas pools in South China with severely deformed geological background, the dominant control factors are discussed in this paper. The fluid sources, including the gas cracked from crude oil, the gas dissolved in water, the gas of inorganic origin, hydrocarbons generated during the second phase, and the mixed pool fluid source, were the most significant control factors of the types and the development stage of pools. The period of the pool formation and the reconstruction controlled the pool evolution and the distribution on a regional scale. Owing to the multiple periods of the pool formation and the reconstruction, the distribution of marine gas pools was complex both in space and in time, and the gas in the pools is heterogeneous. Pool elements, such as preservation conditions, traps and migration paths, and reservoir rocks and facies, also served as important control factors to marine gas pools in South China. Especially, the preservation conditions played a key role in maintaining marine oil and gas accumulations on a regional or local scale. According to several dominant control factors of a pool, the pool-controlling model can be constructed. As an example, the pool-controlling model of Sinian gas pool in Weiyuan gas field in Sichuan basin was summed up. ?? Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers of Earth Science in China","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11707-007-0060-z","issn":"16737385","usgsCitation":"Xu, S., and Watney, W., 2007, Dominant factors in controlling marine gas pools in South China: Frontiers of Earth Science in China, v. 1, no. 4, p. 491-497, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-007-0060-z.","startPage":"491","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-007-0060-z"},{"id":240592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03a6e4b0c8380cd505b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, S.","contributorId":84954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watney, W.L.","contributorId":43087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watney","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030023,"text":"70030023 - 2007 - Distinguishing native (Celastrus scandens L.) and invasive (C. orbiculatus Thunb.) bittersweet species using morphological characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T12:44:32","indexId":"70030023","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2571,"text":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing native (Celastrus scandens L.) and invasive (C. orbiculatus Thunb.) bittersweet species using morphological characteristics","docAbstract":"Celastrus orbiculatus is an invasive liana in the Eastern United States. Its native congener, C. scandens, is less common and declining in the Northeast. The correct identification of these two species is often difficult because of their similar vegetative characteristics. Using morphological characteristics of both species growing naturally along a sand dune/forest ecotone, we built models for use in discriminating between the species, given a suite of leaf and fruit traits. We confirmed that the two species can be discriminated effectively using fruit characters, notably fruit volume and seed number. Several leaf traits, such as length-to-width ratio and leaf apex length can also discriminate between the species, but without the same predictive reliability of fruit traits. In addition, we determined that at leaf out in the spring the leaves of the two species were folded differently in the bud allowing them to be successfully discriminated in the early spring. Land managers could use this information to differentiate between the two species in the field and thereby control for the invasiveC. orbiculatus, while preserving remaining populations of C. scandens.
","language":"English","publisher":"Torrey Botanical Society","doi":"10.3159/07-RA-028.1","issn":"10955674","usgsCitation":"Leicht-Young, S.A., Pavlovic, N., Grundel, R., and Frohnapple, K., 2007, Distinguishing native (Celastrus scandens L.) and invasive (C. orbiculatus Thunb.) bittersweet species using morphological characteristics: Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, v. 134, no. 4, p. 441-450, https://doi.org/10.3159/07-RA-028.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"450","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212987,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3159/07-RA-028.1"}],"volume":"134","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0251e4b0c8380cd4ffd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leicht-Young, S. A.","contributorId":41648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leicht-Young","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frohnapple, K.J.","contributorId":13442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frohnapple","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030022,"text":"70030022 - 2007 - Forces on stationary particles in near-bed turbulent flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70030022","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forces on stationary particles in near-bed turbulent flows","docAbstract":"In natural flows, bed sediment particles are entrained and moved by the fluctuating forces, such as lift and drag, exerted by the overlying flow on the particles. To develop a better understanding of these forces and the relation of the forces to the local flow, the downstream and vertical components of force on near-bed fixed particles and of fluid velocity above or in front of them were measured synchronously at turbulence-resolving frequencies (200 or 500 Hz) in a laboratory flume. Measurements were made for a spherical test particle fixed at various heights above a smooth bed, above a smooth bed downstream of a downstream-facing step, and in a gravel bed of similarly sized particles as well as for a cubical test particle and 7 natural particles above a smooth bed. Horizontal force was well correlated with downstream velocity and not correlated with vertical velocity or vertical momentum flux. The standard drag formula worked well to predict the horizontal force, but the required value of the drag coefficient was significantly higher than generally used to model bed load motion. For the spheres, cubes, and natural particles, average drag coefficients were found to be 0.76, 1.36, and 0.91, respectively. For comparison, the drag coefficient for a sphere settling in still water at similar particle Reynolds numbers is only about 0.4. The variability of the horizontal force relative to its mean was strongly increased by the presence of the step and the gravel bed. Peak deviations were about 30% of the mean force for the sphere over the smooth bed, about twice the mean with the step, and 4 times it for the sphere protruding roughly half its diameter above the gravel bed. Vertical force correlated poorly with downstream velocity, vertical velocity, and vertical momentum flux whether measured over or ahead of the test particle. Typical formulas for shear-induced lift based on Bernoulli's principle poorly predict the vertical forces on near-bed particles. The measurements suggest that particle-scale pressure variations associated with turbulence are significant in the particle momentum balance. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JF000536","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schmeeckle, M., Nelson, J.M., and Shreve, R., 2007, Forces on stationary particles in near-bed turbulent flows: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 112, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000536.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000536"},{"id":240562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a130ce4b0c8380cd544d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmeeckle, M.W.","contributorId":7461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeeckle","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shreve, R.L.","contributorId":105536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shreve","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030001,"text":"70030001 - 2007 - Hydrology and water quality in two mountain basins of the northeastern US: Assessing baseline conditions and effects of ski area development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030001","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrology and water quality in two mountain basins of the northeastern US: Assessing baseline conditions and effects of ski area development","docAbstract":"Mountain regions throughout the world face intense development pressures associated with recreational and tourism uses. Despite these pressures, much of the research on bio-geophysical impacts of humans in mountain regions has focused on the effects of natural resource extraction. This paper describes findings from the first 3 years of a study examining high elevation watershed processes in a region undergoing alpine resort development. Our study is designed as a paired-watershed experiment. The Ranch Brook watershed (9.6 km2) is a relatively pristine, forested watershed and serves as the undeveloped 'control' basin. West Branch (11.7 km2) encompasses an existing alpine ski resort, with approximately 17% of the basin occupied by ski trails and impervious surfaces, and an additional 7% slated for clearing and development. Here, we report results for water years 2001-2003 of streamflow and water quality dynamics for these watersheds. Precipitation increases significantly with elevation in the watersheds, and winter precipitation represents 36-46% of annual precipitation. Artificial snowmaking from water within West Branch watershed currently augments annual precipitation by only 3-4%. Water yield in the developed basin exceeded that in the control by 18-36%. Suspended sediment yield was more than two and a half times greater and fluxes of all major solutes were higher in the developed basin. Our study is the first to document the effects of existing ski area development on hydrology and water quality in the northeastern US and will serve as an important baseline for evaluating the effects of planned resort expansion activities in this area.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6700","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Wemple, B., Shanley, J., Denner, J., Ross, D., and Mills, K., 2007, Hydrology and water quality in two mountain basins of the northeastern US: Assessing baseline conditions and effects of ski area development, in Hydrological Processes, v. 21, no. 12, p. 1639-1650, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6700.","startPage":"1639","endPage":"1650","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6700"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36dde4b0c8380cd60a67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wemple, B.","contributorId":70257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wemple","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, J.","contributorId":37488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denner, J.","contributorId":31215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, D.","contributorId":7049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mills, K.","contributorId":37036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030000,"text":"70030000 - 2007 - Detection, attribution, and sensitivity of trends toward earlier streamflow in the Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:22:06","indexId":"70030000","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection, attribution, and sensitivity of trends toward earlier streamflow in the Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"Observed changes in the timing of snowmelt dominated streamflow in the western United States are often linked to anthropogenic or other external causes. We assess whether observed streamflow timing changes can be statistically attributed to external forcing, or whether they still lie within the bounds of natural (internal) variability for four large Sierra Nevada (CA) basins, at inflow points to major reservoirs. Streamflow timing is measured by \"center timing\" (CT), the day when half the annual flow has passed a given point. We use a physically based hydrology model driven by meteorological input from a global climate model to quantify the natural variability in CT trends. Estimated 50-year trends in CT due to natural climate variability often exceed estimated actual CT trends from 1950 to 1999. Thus, although observed trends in CT to date may be statistically significant, they cannot yet be statistically attributed to external influences on climate. We estimate that projected CT changes at the four major reservoir inflows will, with 90% confidence, exceed those from natural variability within 1-4 decades or 4-8 decades, depending on rates of future greenhouse gas emissions. To identify areas most likely to exhibit CT changes in response to rising temperatures, we calculate changes in CT under temperature increases from 1 to 5??. We find that areas with average winter temperatures between -2??C and -4??C are most likely to respond with significant CT shifts. Correspondingly, elevations from 2000 to 2800 in are most sensitive to temperature increases, with CT changes exceeding 45 days (earlier) relative to 1961-1990. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.
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Emergency responders respond, reporters report, and scientists and engineers collect and analyze data. Journalists and scientists may share interest in these events, but they have very different missions. To a journalist, earthquake damage is news. 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