A series of macroreticular resin adsorbents was evaluated for ability to extract and fractionate organic solutes found in natural waters. Studies with organic solute standards and natural water samples lead to the development of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fractionation analysis whereby the DOC is concentrated and fractionated by macroreticular resins into acid, base, and neutral hydrophobic organic solute fractions and into acid, base, and neutral hydrophilic organic solute fractions. The hydrophobic solutes were sorbed and fractionated on nonionic, nonpolar macroreticular resins, and the hydrophilic solutes were sorbed and fractionated by macroreticular ion-exchange resins. Organic-inorganic complexes as well as organic solutes were isolated by resin sorption. DOC fractionation analysis was developed to serve as a compound classification that fills the gap in organic solute characterization between the organic solute concentration (DOC) and specific compound identification.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., and Huffman, E.W., 1976, Classification of organic solutes in water by using macroreticular resins: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 6, p. 737-751.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"751","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404137,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, Edward W. D. Jr.","contributorId":79519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233434,"text":"70233434 - 1976 - Use of thermal-infrared imagery in ground-water investigations, northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T16:44:15.454946","indexId":"70233434","displayToPublicDate":"1976-11-01T11:37:04","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of thermal-infrared imagery in ground-water investigations, northwestern Montana","docAbstract":"Thermal-infrared imagery was used to locate ground-water inflow along a 50-mile (80-kilometre) reach of the Kootenai River and Lake Koocanusa and a 55-mi (88-km) reach of the Clark Fork of the Columbia River in northwestern Montana and northeastern Idaho. The imagery confirmed that measured streamflow gains below Noxon Rapids Dam, ranging from 1,000 to 2,500 cubic feet per second (28 to 71 cubic metres per second), resulted from inflow of ground water, which was about 2.5° Celsius warmer than surface water. The thermal scanner (8.5-11 micrometres) used in May 1972 and March 1973 was mounted in a twin-engined aircraft. On the March 1973 flight, the data were recorded in an analog format on magnetic tape in flight, later were converted to digital format, and then were computer processed using an assignment of patterns to indicate differences in water temperature. Thus, subtle temperature differences are much easier to identify than they are oh conventional film-negative displays. The output data from the image-processing program can be converted to temperature maps having an isotherm spacing of 0.5°C.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Boettcher, A.J., Haralick, R.M., Paul, C.A., and Smothers, N., 1976, Use of thermal-infrared imagery in ground-water investigations, northwestern Montana: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 6, p. 727-732.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"732","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue6/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork, Kootenai River, Lake Koocanusa, Noxon Rapids Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -114.98291015625,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 47.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boettcher, A. J.","contributorId":25965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boettcher","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haralick, R. M.","contributorId":63728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haralick","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paul, C. A.","contributorId":293489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smothers, Norman","contributorId":293490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smothers","given":"Norman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70233427,"text":"70233427 - 1976 - Geothermal flux through palagonitized tephra, Surtsey, Iceland: The Surtsey temperature-data-relay experiment via Landsat-1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-20T15:42:42.446929","indexId":"70233427","displayToPublicDate":"1976-11-01T10:34:11","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geothermal flux through palagonitized tephra, Surtsey, Iceland: The Surtsey temperature-data-relay experiment via Landsat-1","docAbstract":"The net geothermal flux through palagonitized basaltic tephra rims of the Surtur I and Surtur II craters at Surtsey, Iceland, in 1972, is estimated at 780 ±325 μcal cm-2s-1, indicating a decline since 1969 when a flux of 1,500 μcal cm-2s-1 was estimated. Heat flux in this range characterizes the postvolcanic environment on Surtsey in which the subaerial palagonitization of basaltic tephra is associated with mass transfer of hydrothermal vapor, either of meteoric or sea-water origin, only a few years after cessation of eruptive activity. The flux estimation is the result of the Surtsey data-relay experiment via Landsat-1 which was carried. out in several phases. Successful field installation and test transmissions demonstrated the feasibility of repetitive long-distance (that is, 4,800-km) data transmission and reception from a volcanic environment in Iceland via the Landsat Data Collection System. Temperature data were transmitted for a 38-day period in November and December 1972. A near-surface vertical gradient of 69.4 °C/m was obtained, suggesting a mixed mechanism of heat transfer, partitioned between conduction and convection. Comparison of four methods for estimating fluxes between 500 and 1,500 μcal cm-2s-1, using temperature data derived from the Data Collection Platform, suggests that, where the only temperature available are from the surface and a depth of 1 m, methods of estimating the net geothermal flux from examination of spectral radiance are superior to methods that assume dominant convection or conduction. A computerized thermal-modeling technique to construct parametric diurnal surface-temperature curves is particularly applicable. Flux-estimation methods that assume dominant convection or conduction are limited by the lack of temperature data at greater depths and lack of knowledge of the exact energy partition.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J., Preble, D.M., and Jakobsson, S.P., 1976, Geothermal flux through palagonitized tephra, Surtsey, Iceland: The Surtsey temperature-data-relay experiment via Landsat-1: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 6, p. 645-659.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"645","endPage":"659","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Iceland","otherGeospatial":"Surtsey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -20.622711181640625,\n 63.295099351960246\n ],\n [\n -20.58614730834961,\n 63.295099351960246\n ],\n [\n -20.58614730834961,\n 63.313685020999294\n ],\n [\n -20.622711181640625,\n 63.313685020999294\n ],\n [\n -20.622711181640625,\n 63.295099351960246\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jules D.","contributorId":76757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jules D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Preble, Duane M.","contributorId":36560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preble","given":"Duane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jakobsson, Sveinn P.","contributorId":40121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"Sveinn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156620,"text":"70156620 - 1976 - Fracturing and subsidence of the land surface caused by the withdrawal of ground water in the Milford area, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-16T11:39:38","indexId":"70156620","displayToPublicDate":"1976-10-26T17:30:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fracturing and subsidence of the land surface caused by the withdrawal of ground water in the Milford area, Utah","docAbstract":"Fracturing and subsidence of the land surface in the Milford area of Utah have resulted from the decline of water levels due to pumping in unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. To the writers' knowledge, these are the first such effects of ground-water withdrawal reported in Utah.
\nThe fracturing is in an area about 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and 11 miles (18 km) long near Milford, in an unsaturated clay-silt zone (locally peaty at top) in the upper part of the principal ground-water reservoir. The fractures range in length from several feet to more than 100 feet (30 m), and their maximum measured depth in 1972 was 4 feet (1.2 m).
\nLand subsidence in the Milford area is demonstrated by three lines of evidence: (1) collapse structures, (2) well casings that protrude higher above the land surface than when first placed in the borehole, and (3) lower elevations at National Ocean Survey (formerly U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey) bench marks in 1970 than in 1908. This evidence shows that land subsidence in the Milford area is of two types, each having a different origin. One type has a near-surface origin in the clay-silt zone in the upper part of the principal groundwater reservoir, and the other is in the lower artesian aquifers of the principal ground-water reservoir. The amount of observed subsidence ranges from 0.05 foot (0.015 m) at the bench mark at Read to about 6 feet (1.8 m) at collapse structures in the Hay Springs area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Cordova, R., and Mower, R.W., 1976, Fracturing and subsidence of the land surface caused by the withdrawal of ground water in the Milford area, Utah: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 5, p. 505-510.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"510","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue5/report.pdf","text":"Full Journal issue","size":"19.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Milford, Hay Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.5,\n 38.2\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 38.8\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 38.8\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 38.2\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 38.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b4e4b0518e354dd16b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordova, R.M.","contributorId":77511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mower, R. W.","contributorId":34898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mower","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156627,"text":"70156627 - 1976 - An infiltration index useful in estimating low-flow characteristics of drainage basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T11:50:24","indexId":"70156627","displayToPublicDate":"1976-10-26T17:15:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An infiltration index useful in estimating low-flow characteristics of drainage basin","docAbstract":"Regionalization of low flows using basin characteristics has not produced satisfactory results because the effect of geology has not been included. In the Susquehanna River basin, ground-water discharge from the regolith is the primary source of low flows. This paper describes the development of an infiltration index, which, by characterizing the regolith, provides improved estimates of low-flow characteristics. The index is based on a simple numerical weighting of relative infiltration capacities. By including this index, the standard errors of estimate of the derived relations were reduced by a minimum of 11 percent and a maximum of 66 percent. Results obtained indicate that the infitration index developed in this analysis might be used successfully in other regions of country for investigations of this type. In addition using this index, drainage area and mean annual precipitation were also found to be significant in estimating low flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Armbruster, J.T., 1976, An infiltration index useful in estimating low-flow characteristics of drainage basin: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 5, p. 533-538.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"538","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307399,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.5,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -79.5,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -79.5,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91ade4b0518e354dd11e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbruster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":37707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156624,"text":"70156624 - 1976 - Improving estimates of streamflow characteristics by using Landsat-1 imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T09:44:59","indexId":"70156624","displayToPublicDate":"1976-10-26T17:15:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving estimates of streamflow characteristics by using Landsat-1 imagery","docAbstract":"Imagery from the first Earth Resources Technology Satellite (renamed Landsat-1) was used to discriminate physical features of drainage basins in an effort to improve equations used to estimate streamflow characteristics at gaged and ungaged sites. Records of 20 gaged basins in the Delmarva Peninsula of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia were analyzed for 40 statistical streamflow characteristics. Equations relating these characteristics to basin characteristics were obtained by a technique of multiple linear regression. A control group of equations contains basin characteristics derived from maps. An experimental group of equations contains basin characteristics derived from maps and imagery. Characteristics from imagery were forest, riparian (streambank) vegetation, water, and combined agricultural and urban land use. These basin characteristics were isolated photographically by techniques of film-density discrimination. The area of each characteristic in each basin was measured photometrically. Comparison of equations in the control group with corresponding equations in the experimental group reveals that for 12 out of 40 equations the standard error of estimate was reduced by more than 10 percent. As an example, the standard error of estimate of the equation for the 5-year recurrence-interval flood peak was reduced from 46 to 32 percent. Similarly, the standard error of the equation for the mean monthly flow for September was reduced from 32 to 24 percent, the standard error for the 7-day, 2-year recurrence low flow was reduced from 136 to 102 percent, and the standard error for the 3-day, 2-year flood volume was reduced from 30 to 12 percent. It is concluded that data from Landsat imagery can substantially improve the accuracy of estimates of some streamflow characteristics at sites in the Delmarva Peninsula.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Hollyday, E.F., 1976, Improving estimates of streamflow characteristics by using Landsat-1 imagery: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 5, p. 517-531.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"531","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Delaware, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Delmarva Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 37.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b7e4b0518e354dd17d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollyday, Este F.","contributorId":27089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollyday","given":"Este","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156622,"text":"70156622 - 1976 - Fresh ground water found deep beneath Nantucket Island, Masachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T12:13:17","indexId":"70156622","displayToPublicDate":"1976-10-26T17:15:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fresh ground water found deep beneath Nantucket Island, Masachusetts","docAbstract":"In a deep water-resources and stratigraphic test well near the center of Nantucket Island, about 30 miles (48 kilometres) off the New England coast, freshwater has been found at greater depths than predicted by the Ghyben-Herzberg principle. An uppermost lens of freshwater, which occupies relatively permeable glacial-outwash sand and gravel to a depth of 520 feet (158 metres), is believed to be in hydrodynamic equilibrium with the present level of the sea and the height of the water table. However, two zones of freshwater at 730 to 820 ft (222-249 m) and 900 to 930 ft (274-283 m) are anomalously deep. Although several explanations are possible, the most likely is that the entire surface of the Continental Shelf was exposed to recharge by precipitation during long periods of low sea level in Pleistocene time. After the last retreat of glacial ice, seawater rapidly drowned the shelf around Nantucket Island. Since then, about 8,000 years ago, the deep freshwater zones which underlie dense clay layers have not had time to adjust to a new equilibrium. Under similar circumstances, freshwater may remain trapped under extensive areas of the Continental Shelf wherever clay confining beds have not permitted saltwater to intrude rapidly to new hydrodynamic equilibria positions. The implications are far reaching because all continental shelves worldwide were exposed to similar hydrologic influences during Pleistocene time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Kohout, F., Walker, E., Bothner, M., and Hathaway, J., 1976, Fresh ground water found deep beneath Nantucket Island, Masachusetts: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 5, p. 511-515.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"515","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307390,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue5/report.pdf#page=11","size":"29.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Nantucket Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.2,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -71.2,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -69.5,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -69.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -71.2,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b4e4b0518e354dd16d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohout, F. A.","contributorId":103979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohout","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, E.H.","contributorId":104088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hathaway, J.C.","contributorId":94280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156648,"text":"70156648 - 1976 - Gamma-ray spectrometer measurement of 238U/235U in uranium ore from a natural reactor at Oklo, Gabon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-25T14:09:39","indexId":"70156648","displayToPublicDate":"1976-10-26T17:15:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gamma-ray spectrometer measurement of 238U/235U in uranium ore from a natural reactor at Oklo, Gabon","docAbstract":"About 20 years ago, Kuroda theorized that a high-grade uranium deposit emplaced about 2x109 years ago could achieve criticality and sustain a nuclear chain reaction, given a sufficient thickness of high-grade ore and an appropriate water content. Such a natural reactor was found in 1972 at the Oklo deposit, Gabon. The ore contains as much as 60 percent uranium, but the isotopic abundance of 235U is as little as 0.4 percent in contrast to the normal abundance of 0.7110 percent 235U. A sample from the Oklo deposit containing about 0.51 atom percent 235U (by mass spectrometer) was analyzed by a gamma-ray spectrometer system, using a high-purity planar germanium detector. The 235U was determined from its daughter's (234Th) 63.3 keV photopeak; the 235U was determined from its 143.8 and 163.4 keV photopeaks. The ratios of these photopeaks were compared with that from a standard having normal uranium isotopic content; the resulting calculations give a 235U abundance of 0.54 atom percent in the Oklo sample. The gamma-ray spectrum also contains lines from five other isotopes in the uranium series, which indicate the Oklo sample to be at or near secular equilibrium, as the time elapsed since the nuclear reaction ended was sufficient to permit the daughters to achieve equilibrium.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Moxham, R.M., 1976, Gamma-ray spectrometer measurement of 238U/235U in uranium ore from a natural reactor at Oklo, Gabon: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 5, p. 589-592.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"592","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"Gabon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 11.62353515625,\n -2.5479878714713706\n ],\n [\n 11.62353515625,\n -0.4833927027896987\n ],\n [\n 14.52392578125,\n -0.4833927027896987\n ],\n [\n 14.52392578125,\n -2.5479878714713706\n ],\n [\n 11.62353515625,\n -2.5479878714713706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b4e4b0518e354dd16f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moxham, Robert M.","contributorId":56210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011067,"text":"70011067 - 1976 - Search for the Viking 2 landing site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-16T17:01:47.599925","indexId":"70011067","displayToPublicDate":"1976-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Search for the Viking 2 landing site","docAbstract":"The search for the landing site of Viking 2 was more extensive than the search for the Viking 1 site. Seven times as much area (4.5 million square kilometers) was examined as for Viking 1. Cydonia (B1) and Capri (C1) sites were examined with the Viking 1 orbiter. The B latitude band (40° to 50°N) was selected before the final midcourse maneuver of Viking 2 because of its high scientific interest (that is, high atmospheric water content, surface temperature, possible near-surface permafrost, and a different geological domain). The Viking 1 orbiter continued photographing the Cydonia (B1) site to search for an area large and smooth enough on which to land (three-sigma ellipse; 100 by 260 kilometers); such an area was not found. The second spacecraft photographed and made infrared measurements in large areas in Arcadia (B2) and Utopia Planitia (B3). Both areas are highly textured, mottled cratered plains with abundant impact craters like Cydonia (B1), but smaller sectors in each area are partially mantled by wind-formed deposits. The thermal inertia, from which the grain size of surface material can be computed, and atmospheric water content were determined from the infrared observations. A region in Utopia Planitia, west of the crater Mie, was selected: the landing took place successfully on 3 September 1976 at 3:58:20 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time, earth received time.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.194.4260.62","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Masursky, H., and Crabill, N., 1976, Search for the Viking 2 landing site: Science, v. 194, no. 4260, p. 62-68, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.194.4260.62.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"68","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221022,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"194","issue":"4260","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b884de4b08c986b3168d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masursky, H.","contributorId":33823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crabill, N.L.","contributorId":93627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabill","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010216,"text":"70010216 - 1976 - Bicarbonate content of groundwater in carbonate rock in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:50:17.089441","indexId":"70010216","displayToPublicDate":"1976-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bicarbonate content of groundwater in carbonate rock in eastern North America","docAbstract":"In carbonate-rock terrane the most effective solution occurs where soil and vegetative cover facilitate biogenic production and storage of CO2 in the soil until part of it is carried downward in percolating water. Bicarbonate data for groundwater in eastern North America are examined in the light of these conditions, of the CO2 content of soil gas, and of the timing of groundwater recharge relative to seasonal changes in soil temperature. There appears to be no well-marked relation between latitude and bicarbonate content of groundwater in this region. Interplay of all the factors listed above, and of lithology and soil types, is evidently such that under optimum conditions the amount of solution of carbonate rock is roughly comparable, per unit of groundwater recharge, over the region from Ohio to Florida (and, perhaps, to Puerto Rico and Yucatan). Relatively low HCO3 concentrations observed in much of the southern United States are attributed to low production and storage of CO2 in sandy soil that is poor in organic matter. On the other hand, concentrations observed in Ontario, New York and Michigan are markedly higher than is to be expected from interrelations of the factors considered. These high values, apparently anomalous, are attributed in part to solution of granular glacial drift derived largely from carbonate rock.
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","conferenceTitle":"Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Conference, 3rd","conferenceDate":"March 22-25, 1976","conferenceLocation":"Denver, Colorado","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Project","publisherLocation":"Denver, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., and Beverage, J., 1976, Instrumentation automatic collection of sediment data, Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Conference, 3rd, Denver, Colorado, March 22-25, 1976, p. 7-1-7-16.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"7-1","endPage":"7-16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dcae4b03fd6b7da37c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beverage, J.P.","contributorId":44120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beverage","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199444,"text":"70199444 - 1976 - Water quality management and the distribution of emission rights by sealed tender markets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T10:52:33","indexId":"70199444","displayToPublicDate":"1976-07-02T12:05:34","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Water quality management and the distribution of emission rights by sealed tender markets","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic modeling for water policy evaluation; TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences","language":"English","publisher":"North-Holland Publishing Company","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam ","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., 1976, Water quality management and the distribution of emission rights by sealed tender markets, chap. of Economic modeling for water policy evaluation; TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences, v. 3, p. 113-123.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thrall, Robert M.","contributorId":207958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thrall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745346,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70231229,"text":"70231229 - 1976 - Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America: Type II progress report for period June 30, 1975-June 30, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-03T16:56:12.203409","indexId":"70231229","displayToPublicDate":"1976-07-01T11:34:46","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America: Type II progress report for period June 30, 1975-June 30, 1976","docAbstract":"The author has identified the following significant results. The Salar of Coposa is located in northern Chile along the frontier with Bolivia. The surface was divided into six general classes of materials. Analysis of LANDSAT image 1243-14001 by use of interactive multispectral computer (Image 100) enabled accurate repetition of these general classes based on reflectance. The Salar of Uyuni is the largest of the South American evaporite deposits. Using image 1243-13595, and parallel piped computer classification of reflectance units, the Salar was divided into nine classes ranging from deep to shallow water, water over salt, salt saturated with water, and several classes of dry salt.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Carter, W.D., and Kowalik, W., 1976, Evaluation of LANDSAT-2 (ERTS) images applied to geologic structures and mineral resources of South America: Type II progress report for period June 30, 1975-June 30, 1976, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19760023540/downloads/19760023540.pdf","size":"4,156 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Bolivia, Chile","otherGeospatial":"Salar de Coposa, Salar de Uyuni","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.25531005859375,\n -20.781794909576224\n ],\n [\n -66.95892333984374,\n -20.781794909576224\n ],\n [\n -66.95892333984374,\n -19.7072433092744\n ],\n [\n -68.25531005859375,\n -19.7072433092744\n ],\n [\n -68.25531005859375,\n -20.781794909576224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.71673583984375,\n -20.725290873994197\n ],\n [\n -68.58489990234375,\n -20.725290873994197\n ],\n [\n -68.58489990234375,\n -20.571081893508183\n ],\n [\n -68.71673583984375,\n -20.571081893508183\n ],\n [\n -68.71673583984375,\n -20.725290873994197\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, William D.","contributorId":64567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kowalik, William S.","contributorId":291338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kowalik","given":"William S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232773,"text":"70232773 - 1976 - Geology and Rb-Sr ages of reactivated Precambrian gneisses and granite in the Marenisco-Watersmeet area, northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T15:55:07.510534","indexId":"70232773","displayToPublicDate":"1976-07-01T10:38:30","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and Rb-Sr ages of reactivated Precambrian gneisses and granite in the Marenisco-Watersmeet area, northern Michigan","docAbstract":"Rb-Sr dating of Precambrian W (lower Precambrian) gneisses and granitic rocks that form the cores of antiforms or domes mantled by metamorphosed Precambrian X (middle Precambrian) bedded rocks in the Marenisco-Watersmeet area, northern Michigan, shows that the rock systems have been disturbed to different degrees by complex tectonic and thermal events subsequent to primary crystallization. The disturbance is indicated by a lowering of the whole-rock Rb-Sr ages of many samples of gneiss from 2,600 m.y. or older to about 1,800 m.y. and by the scattering of data points, although some of the points can be fit to secondary isochrons; probably the major mechanism was redistribution of previously accumulated radiogenic Sr, which is indicated by the high initial 87Sr/86Sr of the resultant isochrons. The disturbance is interpreted as having resulted from internal cataclasis and recrystallization accompanied by metamorphic segregation and (or) partial melting during reactivation of the gneisses about 1,800 m.y. ago. Variations in the degree of reconstitution and mobility of individual bodies of basement rocks are indicated by differences in structural reconstitution of the basement rocks and in the metamorphic grade of the Precambrian X bedded rocks.
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Steven P.","contributorId":78718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, William B. IV","contributorId":8838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"William","suffix":"IV","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, Timothy Doak","contributorId":88723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"Doak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Susag, R. H.","contributorId":93533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susag","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1013677,"text":"1013677 - 1976 - Comparative susceptibility of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to the enteric redmouth bacterium and Aeromonas salmonicida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-08T16:34:06.24398","indexId":"1013677","displayToPublicDate":"1976-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative susceptibility of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to the enteric redmouth bacterium and Aeromonas salmonicida","docAbstract":"The bacterium causing enteric redmouth (ERM) and Aeromonas salmonicida were found to be equally pathogenic for fingerling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Injection of 5 × 105 cells of ERM or A. salmonicida killed all salmon within 96 h. After a 30 min exposure to water-borne cells of the two test bacteria about one-half of the test salmon died within 14 days. Both ERM and A. salmonicida were transmitted horizontally. Results indicate that efforts should be made to prevent introduction of ERM into watersheds where Atlantic salmon occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-12.3.376","usgsCitation":"Bullock, G.L., Stuckey, H.M., Herman, R.L., and Smith, C.E., 1976, Comparative susceptibility of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to the enteric redmouth bacterium and Aeromonas salmonicida: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 12, no. 3, p. 376-379, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-12.3.376.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"379","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuckey, H. M.","contributorId":60157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckey","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, C. E.","contributorId":29344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":932863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70208659,"text":"70208659 - 1976 - Residues of DDT and DDE in livers of waterfowl, northeastern Louisiana--1970-71","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T11:10:57","indexId":"70208659","displayToPublicDate":"1976-06-30T11:10:25","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residues of DDT and DDE in livers of waterfowl, northeastern Louisiana--1970-71","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to determine the levels of DDT and DDE in the livers of 10 species of waterfowl collected in Louisiana from 1970 to 1971. Livers of 48 of 50 specimens contained detectable levels of DDT and/or DDE. DDT residues ranged from 0.01 to 10.90 ppm; DDE levels ranged from 0.02 to 38.69 ppm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Committee on Pest Control","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., 1976, Residues of DDT and DDE in livers of waterfowl, northeastern Louisiana--1970-71: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 10, no. 1, p. 2-3.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Ouachita Parish","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.4132,32.5845],[-92.3512,32.5832],[-92.3049,32.5831],[-92.2968,32.5845],[-92.2935,32.5841],[-92.2886,32.5836],[-92.2843,32.585],[-92.2815,32.586],[-92.2793,32.5837],[-92.2766,32.5814],[-92.2712,32.5828],[-92.2647,32.587],[-92.2625,32.5906],[-92.2566,32.5911],[-92.2506,32.5898],[-92.2451,32.5917],[-92.2402,32.5908],[-92.2342,32.5895],[-92.2288,32.5909],[-92.2266,32.5941],[-92.224,32.6005],[-92.2241,32.6073],[-92.2214,32.611],[-92.2187,32.6114],[-92.1964,32.6252],[-92.19,32.6294],[-92.1385,32.6611],[-92.1418,32.6702],[-92.1391,32.6757],[-92.1277,32.6762],[-92.1201,32.6735],[-92.1092,32.6827],[-92.0989,32.6836],[-92.0902,32.6878],[-92.0822,32.7042],[-92.0756,32.7088],[-92.0724,32.7161],[-92.0654,32.723],[-92.0632,32.7225],[-92.0577,32.7225],[-92.0561,32.7189],[-92.0539,32.7144],[-92.0517,32.7126],[-92.0555,32.7062],[-92.0521,32.6984],[-92.0499,32.6893],[-92.0477,32.688],[-92.0352,32.6931],[-92.0407,32.7017],[-92.0446,32.7062],[-92.0435,32.7099],[-92.0402,32.7126],[-92.0364,32.7135],[-92.0326,32.7113],[-92.0276,32.7036],[-92.02,32.7004],[-92.0151,32.7013],[-92.0081,32.7087],[-92.0059,32.7078],[-91.9971,32.7046],[-91.9933,32.7046],[-91.9906,32.7051],[-91.9808,32.7074],[-91.977,32.7093],[-91.9732,32.7129],[-91.9705,32.7111],[-91.9715,32.6992],[-91.9703,32.6902],[-91.967,32.6847],[-91.9638,32.6811],[-91.9616,32.6792],[-91.9577,32.6775],[-91.9523,32.6743],[-91.9512,32.6697],[-91.949,32.6647],[-91.9462,32.6638],[-91.9408,32.6602],[-91.938,32.6598],[-91.9331,32.6621],[-91.9277,32.6671],[-91.9239,32.6685],[-91.919,32.6662],[-91.9124,32.6626],[-91.907,32.6608],[-91.9086,32.6558],[-91.9108,32.6535],[-91.9129,32.6517],[-91.9151,32.6471],[-91.9227,32.6466],[-91.9243,32.6439],[-91.9232,32.6375],[-91.9215,32.632],[-91.921,32.6234],[-91.9203,32.6125],[-91.9209,32.6038],[-91.9208,32.5942],[-91.9219,32.5888],[-91.9294,32.5828],[-91.9256,32.5692],[-91.9239,32.5628],[-91.9206,32.5542],[-91.9189,32.551],[-91.9167,32.5414],[-91.9096,32.536],[-91.9079,32.5287],[-91.9079,32.5187],[-91.9122,32.5077],[-91.9154,32.505],[-91.9263,32.4963],[-91.936,32.4885],[-91.943,32.4771],[-91.944,32.4675],[-91.9462,32.457],[-91.9488,32.4493],[-91.9515,32.4456],[-91.9537,32.4406],[-91.9602,32.436],[-91.9661,32.4264],[-91.9704,32.4228],[-91.9769,32.4195],[-91.9828,32.415],[-91.9855,32.4127],[-91.9958,32.3967],[-92.0065,32.3793],[-92.0091,32.367],[-92.0074,32.3579],[-92.0117,32.347],[-92.0116,32.3333],[-92.017,32.3232],[-92.0159,32.3182],[-92.0201,32.3032],[-92.0244,32.294],[-92.0346,32.2771],[-92.091,32.2768],[-92.1078,32.2777],[-92.1077,32.2631],[-92.1521,32.2637],[-92.1538,32.2656],[-92.1608,32.2687],[-92.1652,32.2769],[-92.3121,32.2773],[-92.312,32.3206],[-92.4155,32.4077],[-92.4155,32.4952],[-92.4132,32.5845]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ouachita\",\"state\":\"LA\"}}]}","volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":21728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":782935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175437,"text":"70175437 - 1976 - Hydrogeology of a drift-filled bedrock valley near Lino Lakes, Anoka County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:09:22","indexId":"70175437","displayToPublicDate":"1976-06-15T11:30:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeology of a drift-filled bedrock valley near Lino Lakes, Anoka County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Discharge of a stream may be computed from the slope of the water surface, the cross-sectional area, and an estimate of channel roughness. This, the slope-area method, is widely used to compute flood peak discharges from high-water marks. Reliability of a computed discharge depends largely on the roughness coefficient, which must be estimated. This paper shows that results of comparable accuracy can be obtained from area and slope alone in natural channels; a roughness coefficient is not needed because roughness and slope are related. The estimating equation and suggestions for application of the simplified method are included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Riggs, H.C., 1976, A simplified slope-area method for estimating flood discharges in natural channels: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 3, p. 285-291.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"291","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403381,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue3/report.pdf","size":"16265 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggs, H. C.","contributorId":17210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":846201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232654,"text":"70232654 - 1976 - Factors affecting declining water levels in a sewered area of Nassau County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T13:37:45.149132","indexId":"70232654","displayToPublicDate":"1976-05-01T09:21:03","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting declining water levels in a sewered area of Nassau County, New York","docAbstract":"Double-mass-curve analysis of ground-water levels in Nassau County, Long Island, N.Y., shows that the average-weighted ground-water levels in a 32-mi2 (83-km2) segment of a sewered area declined 11.8 ft (3.6 m) relative to an adjacent unsewered area to the east during 1953-72. Electric-analog-model analysis indicates that 4.9 ft (1.5 m) of the decline is due to pumping in nearby Queens County, west of the sewered area. Most of the remaining 6.9 ft (2.1 m) of the decline is due to sewering. Streamflow within the sewered area has also declined because of the lowered ground-water levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Garber, M.S., and Sulam, D.J., 1976, Factors affecting declining water levels in a sewered area of Nassau County, New York: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 3, p. 255-265.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"265","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue3/report.pdf","size":"16265 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","city":"Hempstead, North Hempstead","otherGeospatial":"Long Island, Sewer District 2","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.73748779296875,\n 40.59518511581991\n ],\n [\n -73.70590209960938,\n 40.590492461114074\n ],\n [\n -73.68461608886719,\n 40.5920567159421\n ],\n [\n -73.67431640625,\n 40.596227883251956\n ],\n [\n -73.65165710449219,\n 40.593620934177494\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 40.596227883251956\n ],\n [\n -73.59603881835938,\n 40.59414233212419\n ],\n [\n -73.58367919921875,\n 40.60196281341108\n ],\n [\n -73.54866027832031,\n 40.60978237983301\n ],\n [\n -73.5589599609375,\n 40.620728235777136\n ],\n [\n -73.56239318847655,\n 40.626982205446545\n ],\n [\n -73.56170654296875,\n 40.635319920747456\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 40.6426145676101\n ],\n [\n -73.56651306152344,\n 40.66293116628907\n ],\n [\n -73.57406616210938,\n 40.69001034095325\n ],\n [\n -73.57887268066406,\n 40.707710007867334\n ],\n [\n -73.5809326171875,\n 40.72644570551446\n ],\n [\n -73.58573913574217,\n 40.73581157695217\n ],\n [\n -73.59397888183594,\n 40.73737242735457\n ],\n [\n -73.60702514648438,\n 40.73737242735457\n ],\n [\n -73.61183166503906,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -73.61663818359374,\n 40.75453936473234\n ],\n [\n -73.62556457519531,\n 40.762341053140275\n ],\n [\n -73.62487792968749,\n 40.776901754952384\n ],\n [\n -73.62213134765625,\n 40.78782018739577\n ],\n [\n -73.62213134765625,\n 40.798217025760536\n ],\n [\n -73.62762451171875,\n 40.810171377120604\n ],\n [\n -73.6468505859375,\n 40.805493843894155\n ],\n [\n -73.65715026855469,\n 40.8034148344062\n ],\n [\n -73.66813659667969,\n 40.79613778833378\n ],\n [\n -73.69903564453125,\n 40.79249896613324\n ],\n [\n -73.707275390625,\n 40.78626052122175\n ],\n [\n -73.72993469238281,\n 40.77586181063573\n ],\n [\n -73.73886108398438,\n 40.769101775774935\n ],\n [\n -73.75534057617188,\n 40.762861133145016\n ],\n [\n -73.74984741210938,\n 40.758700379161006\n ],\n [\n -73.73817443847656,\n 40.74985791219436\n ],\n [\n -73.72512817382812,\n 40.73997376331186\n ],\n [\n -73.72306823730469,\n 40.72956780913897\n ],\n [\n -73.72993469238281,\n 40.71603763556807\n ],\n [\n -73.72650146484375,\n 40.6920928987952\n ],\n [\n -73.72581481933592,\n 40.68376227690408\n ],\n [\n -73.74298095703125,\n 40.66553541102791\n ],\n [\n -73.75877380371094,\n 40.64938745451835\n ],\n [\n -73.74366760253906,\n 40.639488387988365\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 40.629587853312174\n ],\n [\n -73.74366760253906,\n 40.617079816381285\n ],\n [\n -73.74229431152344,\n 40.606654663050485\n ],\n [\n -73.73748779296875,\n 40.59518511581991\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garber, Murray S.","contributorId":93500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulam, Dennis J.","contributorId":34148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulam","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232736,"text":"70232736 - 1976 - Ocher as a prospecting medium in the Montezuma district of central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T14:01:59.566195","indexId":"70232736","displayToPublicDate":"1976-05-01T08:50:59","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocher as a prospecting medium in the Montezuma district of central Colorado","docAbstract":"Ocher occurs widely In the Montezuma district as small sinters and as bedded deposits of bog iron and ocher-cemented conglomerates. The iron of the ochers is derived from pyrite-rich veins and from pyritic hydrothermally altered rocks. Trace amounts of ore metals in the ocher and its admixed detritus are partly from the pyritic source rocks but also include contributions from other rocks and ores in the watershed, both during and after formation of the ocher deposit. Ocher is evidence for the presence and character of the generally ill exposed pyritic rocks, which are important, in evaluating the porphyry-metal system of ore deposits. The trace-element composition of the ocher is at best a qualitative guide to the ore metals present in the provenance of the ocher deposit but not to their abundance or necessarily to their mode of occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Neuerburg, G.J., and Botinelly, T., 1976, Ocher as a prospecting medium in the Montezuma district of central Colorado: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 3, p. 359-365.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"365","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue3/report.pdf","size":"16265 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Montezuma district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.96975708007811,\n 38.96261229874331\n ],\n [\n -105.81619262695312,\n 38.96261229874331\n ],\n [\n -105.81619262695312,\n 39.49026449493615\n ],\n [\n -106.96975708007811,\n 39.49026449493615\n ],\n [\n -106.96975708007811,\n 38.96261229874331\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuerburg, George J.","contributorId":103661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuerburg","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botinelly, Theodore","contributorId":101253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botinelly","given":"Theodore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232732,"text":"70232732 - 1976 - Sediment-filled pots in upland gravels of Maryland and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T13:50:28.806634","indexId":"70232732","displayToPublicDate":"1976-05-01T08:41:04","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment-filled pots in upland gravels of Maryland and Virginia","docAbstract":"Pot-shaped depressions filled with sandy clayey silt are found in \"Upland\" gravels (previously termed Brandywine) of probable Miocene age, in northeastern Maryland and in Virginia near Washington, D.C. The pots are about 7 ft (2m) deep and commonly are about as wide. In plan, many are strongly elliptical. Sides are steep or even bulbous, and the filling in some pots shows faint stratification paralleling the sides. Strata in the enclosing gravel commonly bend downward and are thinner beside and below the pots. The gravel deposits are remnants of alluvial deposits of the ancestral Susquehanna and Potomac Rivers. All the pots are at the present gravel surface. We suggest that the pots originated when seasonal frost in an overlying layer of sandy clayey silt provided a confining upper layer. The freezing plane in the silt moved downward, reaching the gravel at some points before others. Water in the gravel moved toward the freezing plane by capillarity or by cryostatic head, forming ice lenses in the silt. Each winter, ice growth forced unfrozen clayey silt a short distance downward and outward into the gravel, increasing the irregularity of the silt-gravel contact and promoting more rapid movement. The pots probably reflect some centuries of growth, probably during the Illinoian Glaciation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. 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