{"pageNumber":"2356","pageRowStart":"58875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70033579,"text":"70033579 - 2007 - Dynamics of newly established elk populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:49:35","indexId":"70033579","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of newly established elk populations","docAbstract":"The dynamics of newly established elk (Cervus elaphus) populations can provide insights about maximum sustainable rates of reproduction, survival, and increase. However, data used to estimate rates of increase typically have been limited to counts and rarely have included complementary estimates of vital rates. Complexities of population dynamics cannot be understood without considering population processes as well as population states. We estimated pregnancy rates, survival rates, age ratios, and sex ratios for reintroduced elk at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, USA; combined vital rates in a population projection model; and compared model projections with observed elk numbers and population ratios. Pregnancy rates in January (early in the second trimester of pregnancy) averaged 54.1% (SE = 5.4%) for subadults and 91.0% (SE = 1.7%) for adults, and 91.6% of pregnancies resulted in recruitment at 8 months. Annual survival rates of adult females averaged 0.96 (95% CI = 0.94-0.98) with hunting included and 0.99 (95% CI = 0.97-0.99) with hunting excluded from calculations. Our fitted model explained 99.8% of past variation in population estimates and represents a useful new tool for short-term management planning. Although we found no evidence of temporal variation in vital rates, variation in population composition caused substantial variation in projected rates of increase (??=1.20-1.36). Restoring documented hunter harvests and removals of elk by the National Park Service led to a potential rate of ?? = 1.26. Greater rates of increase substantiated elsewhere were within the expected range of chance variation, given our model and estimates of vital rates. Rates of increase realized by small elk populations are too variable to support inferences about habitat quality or density dependence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-247","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, G., and Oehler, M., 2007, Dynamics of newly established elk populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 4, p. 1141-1148, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-247.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1148","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214366,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-247"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0435e4b0c8380cd50858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, G.A.","contributorId":51681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oehler, M.W. Sr.","contributorId":105545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oehler","given":"M.W.","suffix":"Sr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033408,"text":"70033408 - 2007 - Landscape correlates along mourning dove call-count routes in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033408","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape correlates along mourning dove call-count routes in Mississippi","docAbstract":"Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) call-count surveys in Mississippi, USA, suggest declining populations. We used available mourning dove call-count data to evaluate long-term mourning dove habitat relationships. Dove routes were located in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Deep Loess Province, Mid Coastal Plain, and Hilly Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of Mississippi. We also included routes in the Blackbelt Prairie region of Mississippi and Alabama, USA. We characterized landscape structure and composition within 1.64-km buffers around 10 selected mourning dove call-count routes during 3 time periods. Habitat classes included agriculture, forest, urban, regeneration stands, wetland, and woodlot. We used Akaike's Information Criterion to select the best candidate model. We selected a model containing percent agriculture and edge density that contained approximately 40% of the total variability in the data set. Percent agriculture was positively correlated with relative dove abundance. Interestingly, we found a negative relationship between edge density and dove abundance. Researchers should conduct future research on dove nesting patterns in Mississippi and threshold levels of edge necessary to maximize dove density. During the last 20 years, Mississippi lost more than 800,000 ha of cropland while forest cover represented largely by pine (Pinus taeda) plantations increased by more than 364,000 ha. Our results suggest observed localized declines in mourning dove abundance in Mississippi may be related to the documented conversion of agricultural lands to pine plantations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2004-267","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Elmore, R., Vilella, F., and Gerard, P., 2007, Landscape correlates along mourning dove call-count routes in Mississippi: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 2, p. 422-427, https://doi.org/10.2193/2004-267.","startPage":"422","endPage":"427","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2004-267"},{"id":240737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4409e4b0c8380cd667d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elmore, R.D.","contributorId":64450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmore","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vilella, F. J.","contributorId":82025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vilella","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerard, P.D.","contributorId":16368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerard","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033407,"text":"70033407 - 2007 - Geothermometer calculations for geothermal assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-30T11:09:52.84943","indexId":"70033407","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geothermometer calculations for geothermal assessment","docAbstract":"Geothermal exploration programs have relied on the calculation of geothermometers from hot spring chemistry as an early estimation of geothermal reservoir temperatures. Calibration of the geothermometers has evolved from experimental determinations of mineral solubility as a function of temperature to calibration from analyses of water chemistry from known depths and temperatures in thermal wells. Most of the geothermometers were calibrated from analyses of sodium-chloride type waters, and the application of some geothermometers should be restricted to waters of the chemical types that were used in their calibration. Chemical analyses must be determined to be reliable before they are used to calculate geothermometers. The USGS Geothermal Resource Assessment will rely on the silica geothermometer developed by Giggenbach that approximates the transition between chalcedony at 20??C and quartz at 200??C. Above 200??C, the assessment will rely on the quartz geothermometer. In addition, the assessment will also rely on the potassium-magnesium geothermometer.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council - Annual Meeting of the Geothermal Resources Council 2007","conferenceDate":"September 20-October 7, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","issn":"01935","usgsCitation":"Reed, M., and Mariner, R.H., 2007, Geothermometer calculations for geothermal assessment, <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 31, Reno, NV, September 20-October 7, 2007, p. 89-92.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28dee4b0c8380cd5a4ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, M.J.","contributorId":35308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033383,"text":"70033383 - 2007 - Abundance of diurnal raptors in relation to prairie dog colonies: Implications for bird-aircraft strike hazard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033383","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance of diurnal raptors in relation to prairie dog colonies: Implications for bird-aircraft strike hazard","docAbstract":"Some diurnal raptors are frequently observed at prairie dog (Cynomys sp.) colonies. As a result, some military installations have conducted prairie dog control activities to reduce the bird-aircraft strike hazard (BASH) potential of low-flying aircraft. To evaluate the validity of this management strategy, we assessed raptor associations with prairie dog colonies at 2 short-grass prairie study areas: southern Lubbock County, Texas, USA, and Melrose Bombing and Gunnery Range in east-central New Mexico, USA. We quantified diurnal raptors (i.e., Falconiformes) at plots occupied (colony plots) and unoccupied (noncolony plots) by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) at both sites throughout 2002. We compared the number of individual birds of a given species at colony and noncolony plots within each study area by season. Ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) and northern harriers (Circus cyaneus) were more abundant at colony plots, whereas Swainson's hawks (B. swainsoni) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were more abundant at noncolony plots. Red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicensis) abundance did not differ between the 2 plot types. Our results suggest prairie dog control as a method of reducing BASH potential may be effective at some sites but may be ineffective or even increase the BASH potential at others. Thus, bird-avoidance models assessing the BASH potential should be conducted on a site-specific basis using information on relative and seasonal abundances of individual raptor species and the relative strike risks they pose to aircraft.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-373","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Merriman, J., Boal, C.W., Bashore, T., Zwank, P., and Wester, D., 2007, Abundance of diurnal raptors in relation to prairie dog colonies: Implications for bird-aircraft strike hazard: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 3, p. 811-815, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-373.","startPage":"811","endPage":"815","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-373"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e65ee4b0c8380cd47384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merriman, J.W.","contributorId":50697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, C. W.","contributorId":102614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boal","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bashore, T.L.","contributorId":72569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bashore","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zwank, P.J.","contributorId":8961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwank","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wester, D.B.","contributorId":29649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wester","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033382,"text":"70033382 - 2007 - Multi-channel resistivity investigations of the freshwater-saltwater interface: A new tool to study an old problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-21T11:17:16.154089","indexId":"70033382","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multi-channel resistivity investigations of the freshwater-saltwater interface: A new tool to study an old problem","docAbstract":"It has been well established that fresh or brackish groundwater can exist both near and far from shore in many coastal and marine environments. The often permeable nature of marine sediments and the underlying bedrock provides abundant pathways for submarine groundwater discharge. While submarine groundwater discharge as a coastal hydrogeological phenomenon has been widely recognized, only recent advances in both geochemical tracers and geophysical tools have enabled a realistic, systematic quantification of the scales and rates of this coastal groundwater discharge. Here we present multichannel electrical resistivity results using both a time series, stationary cable that has 56 electrodes spaced 2 m apart, as well as a 120 m streaming resistivity cable that has two current-producing electrodes and eight potential electrodes spaced 10 m apart. As the cable position remains fixed in stationary mode, we can examine in high resolution tidal forcing on the freshwater-saltwater interface. Using a boat to conduct streaming resistivity surveys, relatively large spatial transects can be rapidly (travel speed -2-3 knots) acquired in shallow (-1-20 m) waters. Sediment formation factors, used to convert resistivity values to salinity, were calculated from porewater and sediment samples collected during the installation of an offshore well in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Here we examine the seabed resistivity from sites within Tampa Bay using both stationary and streaming configurations and discuss their overall effectiveness as a new tool to examine the dynamic nature of the freshwater-saltwater interface.","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium: A New Focus on Groundwater - Seawater Interactions - 24th General Assembly of the In","conferenceDate":"July 2-13, 2007","conferenceLocation":"Perugia","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS-AISH","issn":"01447","isbn":"9781901502046","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Kruse, S., Reich, C., and Swarzenski, W., 2007, Multi-channel resistivity investigations of the freshwater-saltwater interface: A new tool to study an old problem, International Symposium: A New Focus on Groundwater - Seawater Interactions - 24th General Assembly of the In, no. 312, Perugia, July 2-13, 2007, p. 100-106.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"312","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f90e4b0c8380cd7101d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, S.","contributorId":33103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reich, C.","contributorId":41787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, W.V.","contributorId":80243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"W.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033352,"text":"70033352 - 2007 - Emplacement of a silicic lava dome through a crater glacier: Mount St Helens, 2004-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:57:34","indexId":"70033352","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emplacement of a silicic lava dome through a crater glacier: Mount St Helens, 2004-06","docAbstract":"The process of lava-dome emplacement through a glacier was observed for the first time after Mount St Helens reawakened in September 2004. The glacier that had grown in the crater since the cataclysmic 1980 eruption was split in two by the new lava dome. The two parts of the glacier were successively squeezed against the crater wall. Photography, photogrammetry and geodetic measurements document glacier deformation of an extreme variety, with strain rates of extraordinary magnitude as compared to normal alpine glaciers. Unlike normal temperate glaciers, the crater glacier shows no evidence of either speed-up at the beginning of the ablation season or diurnal speed fluctuations during the ablation season. Thus there is evidently no slip of the glacier over its bed. The most reasonable explanation for this anomaly is that meltwater penetrating the glacier is captured by a thick layer of coarse rubble at the bed and then enters the volcano's groundwater system rather than flowing through a drainage network along the bed.","language":"English","doi":"10.3189/172756407782282426","issn":"02603","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., Lahusen, R.G., Vallance, J.W., and Schilling, S.P., 2007, Emplacement of a silicic lava dome through a crater glacier: Mount St Helens, 2004-06: Annals of Glaciology, v. 45, p. 14-20, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282426.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282426","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              46.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              46.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              46.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              46.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              46.0833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0913e4b0c8380cd51dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walder, Joseph S. jswalder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"Joseph","email":"jswalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahusen, Richard G. rlahusen@usgs.gov","contributorId":535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahusen","given":"Richard","email":"rlahusen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033247,"text":"70033247 - 2007 - Avifaunal responses to fire in southwestern montane forests along a burn severity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033247","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avifaunal responses to fire in southwestern montane forests along a burn severity gradient","docAbstract":"The effects of burn severity on avian communities are poorly understood, yet this information is crucial to fire management programs. To quantify avian response patterns along a burn severity gradient, we sampled 49 random plots (2001-2002) at the 17 351-ha Cerro Grande Fire (2000) in New Mexico, USA. Additionally, pre-fire avian surveys (1986-1988, 1990) created a unique opportunity to quantify avifaunal changes in 13 pre-fire transects (resampled in 2002) and to compare two designs for analyzing the effects of unplanned disturbances: after-only analysis and before-after comparisons. Distance analysis was used to calculate densities. We analyzed after-only densities for 21 species using gradient analysis, which detected a broad range of responses to increasing burn severity: (I) large significant declines, (II) weak, but significant declines, (III) no significant density changes, (IV) peak densities in low- or moderate-severity patches, (V) weak, but significant increases, and (VI) large significant increases. Overall, 71% of the species included in the after-only gradient analysis exhibited either positive or neutral density responses to fire effects across all or portions of the severity gradient (responses III-VI). We used pre/post pairs analysis to quantify density changes for 15 species using before-after comparisons; spatiotemporal variation in densities was large and confounded fire effects for most species. Only four species demonstrated significant effects of burn severity, and their densities were all higher in burned compared to unburned forests. Pre- and post-fire community similarity was high except in high-severity areas. Species richness was similar pre- and post-fire across all burn severities. Thus, ecosystem restoration programs based on the assumption that recent severe fires in Southwestern ponderosa pine forests have overriding negative ecological effects are not supported by our study of post-fire avian communities. This study illustrates the importance of quantifying burn severity and controlling confounding sources of spatiotemporal variation in studies of fire effects. After-only gradient analysis can be an efficient tool for quantifying fire effects. This analysis can also augment historical data sets that have small samples sizes coupled with high non-process variation, which limits the power of before-after comparisons. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-0253","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Kotliar, N., Kennedy, P., and Ferree, K., 2007, Avifaunal responses to fire in southwestern montane forests along a burn severity gradient: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 2, p. 491-507, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0253.","startPage":"491","endPage":"507","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213536,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-0253"},{"id":241166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef76e4b0c8380cd4a25f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, P.L.","contributorId":78680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferree, K.","contributorId":54529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferree","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033246,"text":"70033246 - 2007 - Landscape controls on mercury in streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033246","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape controls on mercury in streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA","docAbstract":"Fall and spring streamwater samples were analyzed for total mercury (Hg) and major ions from 47 locations on Mount Desert Island in Maine. Samples were collected in zones that were burned in a major wildfire in 1947 and in zones that were not burned. We hypothesized that Hg concentrations in streamwater would be higher from unburned sites than burned watersheds, because fire would volatilize stored Hg. The Hg concentrations, based on burn history, were not statistically distinct. However, significant statistical associations were noted between Hg and the amount of wetlands in the drainage systems and with streamwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC). An unexpected result was that wetlands mobilized more Hg by generating more DOC in total, but upland DOC was more efficient at transporting Hg because it transports more Hg per unit DOC. Mercury concentrations were higher in samples collected at lower elevations. Mercury was positively correlated with relative discharge, although this effect was not distinguished from the DOC association. In this research, sample site elevation and the presence of upstream wetlands and their associated DOC affected Hg concentrations more strongly than burn history. ?? Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-9334-2","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Peckenham, J., Kahl, J.S., Nelson, S., Johnson, K., and Haines, T., 2007, Landscape controls on mercury in streamwater at Acadia National Park, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 126, no. 1-3, p. 97-104, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9334-2.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9334-2"},{"id":241130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4407e4b0c8380cd667bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peckenham, J.M.","contributorId":98953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckenham","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahl, J. S.","contributorId":77885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, S.J.","contributorId":45901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, K.B.","contributorId":31208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70033245,"text":"70033245 - 2007 - Late nineteenth to early twenty-first century behavior of Alaskan glaciers as indicators of changing regional climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033245","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late nineteenth to early twenty-first century behavior of Alaskan glaciers as indicators of changing regional climate","docAbstract":"Alaska's climate is changing and one of the most significant indications of this change has been the late 19th to early 21st century behavior of Alaskan glaciers. Weather station temperature data document that air temperatures throughout Alaska have been increasing for many decades. Since the mid-20th century, the average change is an increase of ?????2.0????C. In order to determine the magnitude and pattern of response of glaciers to this regional climate change, a comprehensive analysis was made of the recent behavior of hundreds of glaciers located in the eleven Alaskan mountain ranges and three island areas that currently support glaciers. Data analyzed included maps, historical observations, thousands of ground-and-aerial photographs and satellite images, and vegetation proxy data. Results were synthesized to determine changes in length and area of individual glaciers. Alaskan ground photography dates from 1883, aerial photography dates from 1926, and satellite photography and imagery dates from the early 1960s. Unfortunately, very few Alaskan glaciers have any mass balance observations. In most areas analyzed, every glacier that descends below an elevation of ?????1500??m is currently thinning and/or retreating. Many glaciers have an uninterrupted history of continuous post-Little-Ice-Age retreat that spans more than 250??years. Others are characterized by multiple late 19th to early 21st century fluctuations. Today, retreating and/or thinning glaciers represent more than 98% of the glaciers examined. However, in the Coast Mountains, St. Elias Mountains, Chugach Mountains, and the Aleutian Range more than a dozen glaciers are currently advancing and thickening. Many currently advancing glaciers are or were formerly tidewater glaciers. Some of these glaciers have been expanding for more than two centuries. This presentation documents the post-Little-Ice-Age behavior and variability of the response of many Alaskan glaciers to changing regional climate. ?? 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.011","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Molnia, B.F., 2007, Late nineteenth to early twenty-first century behavior of Alaskan glaciers as indicators of changing regional climate: Global and Planetary Change, v. 56, no. 1-2, p. 23-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.011.","startPage":"23","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.011"},{"id":241129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a454de4b0c8380cd671d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molnia, B. F.","contributorId":29386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033244,"text":"70033244 - 2007 - Approximate sample sizes required to estimate length distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70033244","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approximate sample sizes required to estimate length distributions","docAbstract":"The sample sizes required to estimate fish length were determined by bootstrapping from reference length distributions. Depending on population characteristics and species-specific maximum lengths, 1-cm length-frequency histograms required 375-1,200 fish to estimate within 10% with 80% confidence, 2.5-cm histograms required 150-425 fish, proportional stock density required 75-140 fish, and mean length required 75-160 fish. In general, smaller species, smaller populations, populations with higher mortality, and simpler length statistics required fewer samples. Indices that require low sample sizes may be suitable for monitoring population status, and when large changes in length are evident, additional sampling effort may be allocated to more precisely define length status with more informative estimators. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T06-151.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L., 2007, Approximate sample sizes required to estimate length distributions: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 2, p. 409-415, https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-151.1.","startPage":"409","endPage":"415","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477167,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/t06-151.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213468,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T06-151.1"},{"id":241094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecfee4b0c8380cd49569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70033224,"text":"70033224 - 2007 - Sex differences, effects of male presence and coordination of nest visits in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) during the immediate postnatal period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033224","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex differences, effects of male presence and coordination of nest visits in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) during the immediate postnatal period","docAbstract":"Little is known about sex differences in parental behavior of biparental mammals and if mates in such species coordinate care of young. We studied parental care displayed by prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) under seminatural laboratory conditions during the first 3 d of life of their offspring. Through direct observations and videotaping, we monitored members of male-female pairs to determine if sex differences in early parental behavior exist and if mothers and fathers coordinate visits to the nest. To assess the impact of fathers on survival of pups and behavior of mothers, we also examined parental care displayed by single females toward their young. Male and female members of breeding pairs differed dramatically in degree of parental care. Females spent more time in the nest with young and licked them more frequently than did males. Additionally, females maintained the nest more frequently than did males, whereas they maintained runways less frequently. Although coordination of visits to the nest was not perfect between members of pairs, pups of pairs were left alone for less time than were pups of single females. Parental behavior displayed by paired and single females did not differ, nor did survival of their young to day 3 or 15. We suggest that provision of ample space and cover to vole parents rearing young in captivity promotes expression of sex differences in parental behavior, but that even seminatural conditions are not sufficient to yield benefits of father presence to survival of young. Under more challenging conditions, such as cold temperatures or presence of predators, benefits of father presence might emerge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[187:SDEOMP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Mcguire, B., Parker, E., and Bemis, W.E., 2007, Sex differences, effects of male presence and coordination of nest visits in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) during the immediate postnatal period: American Midland Naturalist, v. 157, no. 1, p. 187-201, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[187:SDEOMP]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"187","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[187:SDEOMP]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":240791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d93e4b08c986b3184be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mcguire, B.","contributorId":81371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcguire","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, E.","contributorId":101429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bemis, W. E.","contributorId":70332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bemis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033221,"text":"70033221 - 2007 - Selection of roosting habitat by forest bats in a diverse forested landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033221","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection of roosting habitat by forest bats in a diverse forested landscape","docAbstract":"Many studies of roost selection by forest-dwelling bats have concentrated on microhabitat surrounding roosts without providing forest stand-level preferences of bats; thus, those studies have provided only part of the information needed by managers. We evaluated diurnal summer roost selection by the bat community at the forest-stand level in a diversely forested landscape in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas. Over a 6-year period, we evaluated 428 roost locations for 162 individual bats of 6 species. Using Euclidean distance analysis and individual bat as the experimental unit, all 6 species were selective (P < 0.05) in their choice of roosting habitat. Five of six species preferred (P < 0.05) to roost in or near mature (???50 years old), mixed pine-hardwood forest that had undergone recent partial harvest, midstory removal, and burning; 41.3% of roosts were located in that habitat but it comprised an average of only 22.8% of available habitat. Five of six species also preferred older (???100 years old), relatively unmanaged, mixed pine-hardwood forest. Although 19.9% of roosts from all species were located in 50- to 99-year-old, second-growth forests of mixed pine-hardwood (average of 21.0% of available habitat), that habitat was preferred by no species of bat. In partially harvested stands, unharvested buffer strips (greenbelts) surrounding ephemeral streams were used at differing levels by each species; most (90%) eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) roosts were in greenbelts whereas few (2.7%) Seminole bat (Lasiurus seminolus) roosts were in greenbelts. Older forests, thinned mature forests with reduced midstories, and greenbelts retained in harvested areas were all important roosting habitats for the bat community in the Ouachita Mountains. Our results demonstrate the importance of open forest conditions and a diversity of stand types to bat communities of the southeastern U.S.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.008","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Perry, R., Thill, R., and Leslie, D., 2007, Selection of roosting habitat by forest bats in a diverse forested landscape: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 238, no. 1-3, p. 156-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.008.","startPage":"156","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213161,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.10.008"},{"id":240758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"238","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cd3e4b08c986b31815c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thill, R.E.","contributorId":46727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thill","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033219,"text":"70033219 - 2007 - Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T07:57:46","indexId":"70033219","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality","docAbstract":"<p>Waste from agricultural livestock operations has been a long-standing concern with respect to contamination of water resources, particularly in terms of nutrient pollution. However, the recent growth of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) presents a greater risk to water quality because of both the increased volume of waste and to contaminants that may be present (e.g., antibiotics and other veterinary drugs) that may have both environmental and public health importance. Based on available data, generally accepted livestock waste management practices do not adequately or effectively protect water resources from contamination with excessive nutrients, microbial pathogens, and pharmaceuticals present in the waste. Impacts on surface water sources and wildlife have been documented in many agricultural areas in the United States. Potential impacts on human and environmental health from long-term inadvertent exposure to water contaminated with pharmaceuticals and other compounds are a growing public concern. This workgroup, which is part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards-Searching for Solutions, identified needs for rigorous ecosystem monitoring in the vicinity of CAFOs and for improved characterization of major toxicants affecting the environment and human health. Last, there is a need to promote and enforce best practices to minimize inputs of nutrients and toxicants from CAFOs into freshwater and marine ecosystems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi":"10.1289/ehp.8839","issn":"00916765","usgsCitation":"Burkholder, J., Libra, B., Weyer, P., Heathcote, S., Kolpin, D., Thorne, P., and Wichman, M., 2007, Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 115, no. 2, p. 308-312, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8839.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"312","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487774,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8839","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3901e4b0c8380cd61781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkholder, J.","contributorId":7091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkholder","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Libra, B.","contributorId":73016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Libra","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weyer, P.","contributorId":76947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heathcote, S.","contributorId":20163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heathcote","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, D.","contributorId":18128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thorne, P.S.","contributorId":31986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wichman, M.","contributorId":49983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wichman","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033218,"text":"70033218 - 2007 - Spawning distribution of sockeye salmon in a glacially influenced watershed: The importance of glacial habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033218","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning distribution of sockeye salmon in a glacially influenced watershed: The importance of glacial habitats","docAbstract":"The spawning distribution of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka was compared between clear and glacially turbid habitats in Lake Clark, Alaska, with the use of radiotelemetry. Tracking of 241 adult sockeye salmon to 27 spawning locations revealed both essential habitats and the relationship between spawn timing and seasonal turbidity cycles. Sixty-six percent of radio-tagged sockeye salmon spawned in turbid waters (???5 nephelometric turbidity units) where visual observation was difficult. Spawning in turbid habitats coincided with seasonal temperature declines and associated declines in turbidity and suspended sediment concentration. Because spawn timing is heritable and influenced by temperature, the observed behavior suggests an adaptive response to glacier-fed habitats, as it would reduce embryonic exposure to the adverse effects of fine sediments. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-321.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Young, D.B., and Woody, C., 2007, Spawning distribution of sockeye salmon in a glacially influenced watershed: The importance of glacial habitats: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 2, p. 452-459, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-321.1.","startPage":"452","endPage":"459","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213130,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-321.1"}],"volume":"136","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94d4e4b08c986b31ac73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Daniel","contributorId":58468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":35763,"text":"National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, C.A.","contributorId":99211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woody","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033217,"text":"70033217 - 2007 - Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal, vertical, angular accelerations, and tilt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70033217","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1954,"text":"ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal, vertical, angular accelerations, and tilt","docAbstract":"Rotational and vertical components of ground motion are almost always ignored in design or in the assessment of structures despite the fact that vertical motion can be twice as much as the horizontal motion and may exceed 2g level, and rotational excitation may reach few degrees in the proximity of fault rupture. Coupling of different components of ground excitation may significantly amplify the seismic demand by introducing additional lateral forces and enhanced P-?? effects. In this paper, a governing equation of motion is postulated to compute the response of a SDOF oscillator under a multi-component excitation. The expanded equation includes secondary P-?? components associated with the combined impacts of tilt and vertical excitations in addition to the inertial forcing terms due to the angular and translational accelerations. The elastic and inelastic spectral ordinates traditionally generated considering the uniaxial input motion are compared at the end with the multi-component response spectra of coupled horizontal, vertical and tilting motions. The proposed multi-component response spectrum reflects kinematic characteristics of the ground motion that are not identifiable by the conventional spectrum itself, at least for the near-fault region where high intensity vertical shaking and rotational excitation are likely to occur.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09720405","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Graizer, V., 2007, Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal, vertical, angular accelerations, and tilt: ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, v. 44, no. 1, p. 259-284.","startPage":"259","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb0e4b0c8380cd71098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, E. 0000-0002-9138-9407","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":8212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graizer, V.","contributorId":88930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graizer","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033211,"text":"70033211 - 2007 - Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) - Active and passive methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033211","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2610,"text":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) - Active and passive methods","docAbstract":"The conventional seismic approaches for near-surface investigation have usually been either high-resolution reflection or refraction surveys that deal with a depth range of a few tens to hundreds meters. Seismic signals from these surveys consist of wavelets with frequencies higher than 50 Hz. The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method deals with surface waves in the lower frequencies (e.g., 1-30 Hz) and uses a much shallower depth range of investigation (e.g., a few to a few tens of meters). ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2431832","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Park, C., Miller, R., Xia, J., and Ivanov, J., 2007, Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) - Active and passive methods: Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), v. 26, no. 1, p. 60-64, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2431832.","startPage":"60","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2431832"},{"id":241128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fd8e4b0c8380cd71189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033210,"text":"70033210 - 2007 - Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:31:48","indexId":"70033210","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1016,"text":"Biological Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application","docAbstract":"Integrated pest management (IPM) for invasive plant species is being advocated by researchers and implemented by land managers, but few studies have evaluated the success of IPM programs in natural areas. We assessed the relative effects of components of an IPM program for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), an invasive plant, at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota. Effects of herbicides on leafy spurge abundance and on dynamics of flea beetles (Aphthona spp.) used to control leafy spurge were evaluated over three field seasons following herbicide application. We monitored leafy spurge-infested plots with established flea beetle populations that had received picloram plus 2,4-D in September 1997 or 1998, imazapic in September 1998, versus those with no chemical treatment. Mature stem counts did not differ significantly between treated and untreated plots in 2001, suggesting that leafy spurge stands had recovered from herbicide treatment. Flea beetles were less abundant on plots with a history of herbicide treatment. Structural equation models indicated that in 2000 negative correlations between relative abundances of the two flea beetle species were greater on plots that had received herbicide treatments than on those that had not, but by 2001 no differences were apparent between treated and untreated plots. These results suggest that the most effective component of IPM for leafy spurge at this site is biological control. All herbicide effects we observed were short-lived, but the increased negative correlation between flea beetle relative abundances during 2000 implies that herbicide application may have temporarily disrupted an effective biological control program at this site. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.017","issn":"10499644","usgsCitation":"Larson, D., Grace, J., Rabie, P., and Andersen, P., 2007, Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application: Biological Control, v. 40, no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.017.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.017"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8eb6e4b08c986b318aca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rabie, P.A.","contributorId":65674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabie","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andersen, P.","contributorId":84568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033192,"text":"70033192 - 2007 - Evidence of experimental postcyclic transmission of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in bonytail chub (Gila elegans)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T15:55:42","indexId":"70033192","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of experimental postcyclic transmission of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in bonytail chub (Gila elegans)","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined the role that predation of infected conspecific fish and postcyclic transmission might play in the life cycle of the Asian fish tapeworm,&nbsp;</span><i>Bothriocephalus acheilognathi</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) Yamaguti, 1934. Young-of-the-year (YOY) bonytail chub (</span><i>Gila elegans</i><span>) were exposed to copepods infected with<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>B. acheilognathi</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and subsequently fed to subadult bonytail chub. Within 1 wk after consumption of the YOY chub, subadults were necropsied and found infected with gravid and nongravid tapeworms. This study provides evidence that postcyclic transfer of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>B. acheilognathi</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>can occur. Postcyclic transmission may be an important life history trait of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>B. acheilognathi</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>that merits consideration when studying the impact and distribution of this invasive and potentially pathogenic tapeworm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/GE-686R.1","issn":"00223395","usgsCitation":"Hansen, S.P., Choudhury, A., and Cole, R.A., 2007, Evidence of experimental postcyclic transmission of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in bonytail chub (Gila elegans): Journal of Parasitology, v. 93, no. 1, p. 202-204, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-686R.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health 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,{"id":70033191,"text":"70033191 - 2007 - Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033191","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow","docAbstract":"The relations of decadal to multidecadal (D2M) variability in global sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) with D2M variability in the flow of the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) are examined for the years 1906-2003. Results indicate that D2M variability of SSTs in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, tropical Pacific, and Indian Oceans is associated with D2M variability of the UCRB. A principal components analysis (with varimax rotation) of detrended and 11-year smoothed global SSTs indicates that the two leading rotated principal components (RPCs) explain 56% of the variability in the transformed SST data. The first RPC (RPC1) strongly reflects variability associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the second RPC (RPC2) represents variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the tropical Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean SSTs. Results indicate that SSTs in the North Atlantic Ocean (RPC1) explain as much of the D2M variability in global SSTs as does the combination of Indian and Pacific Ocean variability (RPC2). These results suggest that SSTs in all of the oceans have some relation with flow of the UCRB, but the North Atlantic may have the strongest and most consistent association on D2M time scales. Hydroclimatic persistence on these time scales introduces significant nonstationarity in mean annual streamflow, with critical implications for UCRB water resource management. ?? 2007 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., Betancourt, J., and Hidalgo, H., 2007, Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 1, p. 183-192, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x.","startPage":"183","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x"},{"id":240820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee95e4b0c8380cd49e3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033190,"text":"70033190 - 2007 - A comparison of four geophysical methods for determining the shear wave velocity of soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033190","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of four geophysical methods for determining the shear wave velocity of soils","docAbstract":"The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) routinely acquires seismic cone penetrometer (SCPT) shear wave velocity control as part of the routine investigation of soils within the Mississippi Embayment. In an effort to ensure their geotechnical investigations are as effective and efficient as possible, the SCPT tool and several available alternatives (crosshole [CH]; multichannel analysis of surface waves [MASW]; and refraction microtremor [ReMi]) were evaluated and compared on the basis of field data acquired at two test sites in southeast Missouri. These four methods were ranked in terms of accuracy, functionality, cost, other considerations, and overall utility. It is concluded that MASW data are generally more reliable than SCPT data, comparable to quality ReMi data, and only slightly less accurate than CH data. However, the other advantages of MASW generally make it a superior choice over the CH, SCPT, and ReMi methods for general soil classification purposes to depths of 30 m. MASW data are less expensive than CH data and SCPT data and can normally be acquired in areas inaccessible to drill and SCPT rigs. In contrast to the MASW tool, quality ReMi data can be acquired only in areas where there are interpretable levels of \"passive\" acoustic energy and only when the geophone array is aligned with the source(s) of such energy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.11","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Anderson, N., Thitimakorn, T., Ismail, A., and Hoffman, D., 2007, A comparison of four geophysical methods for determining the shear wave velocity of soils: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 13, no. 1, p. 11-23, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.11.","startPage":"11","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477191,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.514.9875","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.11"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e35ae4b0c8380cd45fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, N.","contributorId":54403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thitimakorn, T.","contributorId":75770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thitimakorn","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ismail, A.","contributorId":60920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ismail","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, D.","contributorId":72895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033185,"text":"70033185 - 2007 - Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T13:49:54","indexId":"70033185","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management","docAbstract":"<div class=\"NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1 hlFld-Abstract\"><p>Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples—the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor—illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid mud.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:1(23)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"McAnally, W., Teeter, A., Schoellhamer, D., Friedrichs, C., Hamilton, D., Hayter, E., Shrestha, P., Rodriguez, H., Sheremet, A., and Kirby, R., 2007, Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 133, no. 1, p. 23-38, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:1(23).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213128,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:1(23)"}],"volume":"133","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c6fe4b0c8380cd69c6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAnally, W.H.","contributorId":47168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAnally","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teeter, A.","contributorId":46770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeter","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedrichs, C.","contributorId":28361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedrichs","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, D.","contributorId":54316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayter, E.","contributorId":56858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayter","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shrestha, P.","contributorId":59635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rodriguez, H.","contributorId":27267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sheremet, A.","contributorId":79306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheremet","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kirby, R.","contributorId":11833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70033183,"text":"70033183 - 2007 - Multiobjective analysis of a public wellfield using artificial neural networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033183","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiobjective analysis of a public wellfield using artificial neural networks","docAbstract":"As competition for increasingly scarce ground water resources grows, many decision makers may come to rely upon rigorous multiobjective techniques to help identify appropriate and defensible policies, particularly when disparate stakeholder groups are involved. In this study, decision analysis was conducted on a public water supply wellfield to balance water supply needs with well vulnerability to contamination from a nearby ground water contaminant plume. With few alternative water sources, decision makers must balance the conflicting objectives of maximizing water supply volume from noncontaminated wells while minimizing their vulnerability to contamination from the plume. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed with simulation data from a numerical ground water flow model developed for the study area. The ANN-derived state transition equations were embedded into a multiobjective optimization model, from which the Pareto frontier or trade-off curve between water supply and wellfield vulnerability was identified. Relative preference values and power factors were assigned to the three stakeholders, namely the company whose waste contaminated the aquifer, the community supplied by the wells, and the water utility company that owns and operates the wells. A compromise pumping policy that effectively balances the two conflicting objectives in accordance with the preferences of the three stakeholder groups was then identified using various distance-based methods. ?? 2006 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00248.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Coppola, E., Szidarovszky, F., Davis, D., Spayd, S., Poulton, M., and Roman, E., 2007, Multiobjective analysis of a public wellfield using artificial neural networks: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 1, p. 53-61, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00248.x.","startPage":"53","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213591,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00248.x"},{"id":241229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6034e4b0c8380cd71379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coppola, E.A. Jr.","contributorId":51992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coppola","given":"E.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szidarovszky, F.","contributorId":30457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szidarovszky","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, D.","contributorId":85747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spayd, S.","contributorId":77747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spayd","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poulton, M.M.","contributorId":42436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roman, E.","contributorId":59250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033182,"text":"70033182 - 2007 - Use of mammal manure by nesting burrowing owls: a test of four functional hypotheses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033182","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of mammal manure by nesting burrowing owls: a test of four functional hypotheses","docAbstract":"Animals have evolved an impressive array of behavioural traits to avoid depredation. Olfactory camouflage of conspicuous odours is a strategy to avoid depredation that has been implicated only in a few species of birds. Burrowing owls, Athene cunicularia, routinely collect dried manure from mammals and scatter it in their nest chamber, in the tunnel leading to their nest and at the entrance to their nesting burrow. This unusual behaviour was thought to reduce nest depredation by concealing the scent of adults and juveniles, but a recent study suggests that manure functions to attract arthropod prey. However, burrowing owls routinely scatter other materials in the same way that they scatter manure, and this fact seems to be at odds with both of these hypotheses. Thus, we examined the function of this behaviour by testing four alternative hypotheses. We found no support for the widely cited olfactory-camouflage hypothesis (manure did not lower the probability of depredation), or for the mate-attraction hypothesis (males collected manure after, not before, pair formation). Predictions of the burrow-occupied hypothesis (manure indicates occupancy to conspecifics and thereby reduces agonistic interactions) were supported, but results were not statistically significant. Our results also supported several predictions of the prey-attraction hypothesis. Pitfall traps at sampling sites with manure collected more arthropod biomass (of taxa common in the diet of burrowing owls) than pitfall traps at sampling sites without manure. Scattering behaviour of burrowing owls appears to function to attract arthropod prey, but may also signal occupancy of a burrow to conspecifics. ?? 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Behaviour","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.012","issn":"00033472","usgsCitation":"Smith, M.D., and Conway, C., 2007, Use of mammal manure by nesting burrowing owls: a test of four functional hypotheses: Animal Behaviour, v. 73, no. 1, p. 65-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.012.","startPage":"65","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213561,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.05.012"},{"id":241195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf3de4b08c986b329a3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, M. D.","contributorId":25724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, C.J.","contributorId":33417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033181,"text":"70033181 - 2007 - Soil nematode communities are ecologically more mature beneath late- than early-successional stage biological soil crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:23","indexId":"70033181","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":846,"text":"Applied Soil Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil nematode communities are ecologically more mature beneath late- than early-successional stage biological soil crusts","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts are key mediators of carbon and nitrogen inputs for arid land soils and often represent a dominant portion of the soil surface cover in arid lands. Free-living soil nematode communities reflect their environment and have been used as biological indicators of soil condition. In this study, we test the hypothesis that nematode communities are successionally more mature beneath well-developed, late-successional stage crusts than immature, early-successional stage crusts. We identified and enumerated nematodes by genus from beneath early- and late-stage crusts from both the Colorado Plateau, Utah (cool, winter rain desert) and Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico (hot, summer rain desert) at 0-10 and 10-30 cm depths. As hypothesized, nematode abundance, richness, diversity, and successional maturity were greater beneath well-developed crusts than immature crusts. The mechanism of this aboveground-belowground link between biological soil crusts and nematode community composition is likely the increased food, habitat, nutrient inputs, moisture retention, and/or environmental stability provided by late-successional crusts. Canonical correspondence analysis of nematode genera demonstrated that nematode community composition differed greatly between geographic locations that contrast in temperature, precipitation, and soil texture. We found unique assemblages of genera among combinations of location and crust type that reveal a gap in scientific knowledge regarding empirically derived characterization of dominant nematode genera in deserts soils and their functional role in a crust-associated food web. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Soil Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.04.006","issn":"09291393","usgsCitation":"Darby, B., Neher, D., and Belnap, J., 2007, Soil nematode communities are ecologically more mature beneath late- than early-successional stage biological soil crusts: Applied Soil Ecology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 203-212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.04.006.","startPage":"203","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213560,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.04.006"},{"id":241194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b920de4b08c986b319c7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darby, B.J.","contributorId":29186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neher, D.A.","contributorId":93683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neher","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033180,"text":"70033180 - 2007 - Acid rain effects on aluminum mobilization clarified by inclusion of strong organic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033180","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid rain effects on aluminum mobilization clarified by inclusion of strong organic acids","docAbstract":"Assessments of acidic deposition effects on aquatic ecosystems have often been hindered by complications from naturally occurring organic acidity. Measurements of pH and ANCG, the most commonly used indicators of chemical effects, can be substantially influenced by the presence of organic acids. Relationships between pH and inorganic Al, which is toxic to many forms of aquatic biota, are also altered by organic acids. However, when inorganic Al concentrations are plotted against ANC (the sum of Ca2+, Mg 2+, Na+, and K+, minus SO42-, NO3-, and Cl-), a distinct threshold for Al mobilization becomes apparent. If the concentration of strong organic anions is included as a negative component of ANC, the threshold occurs at an ANC value of approximately zero, the value expected from theoretical charge balance constraints. This adjusted ANC is termed the base-cation surplus. The threshold relationship between the base-cation surplus and Al was shown with data from approximately 200 streams in the Adirondack region of New York, during periods with low and high dissolved organic carbon concentrations, and for an additional stream from the Catskill region of New York. These results indicate that (1) strong organic anions can contribute to the mobilization of inorganic Al in combination with SO42- and NO 3-, and (2) the presence of inorganic Al in surface waters is an unambiguous indication of acidic deposition effects. ?? 2007 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es061437v","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., Sutherland, J., Boylen, C., Nierzwicki-Bauer, S.W., Momen, B., Baldigo, B., and Simonin, H.A., 2007, Acid rain effects on aluminum mobilization clarified by inclusion of strong organic acids: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 93-98, https://doi.org/10.1021/es061437v.","startPage":"93","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213533,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es061437v"},{"id":241163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e693e4b0c8380cd474f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutherland, J.W.","contributorId":61622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boylen, C.W.","contributorId":43151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boylen","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nierzwicki-Bauer, S. W.","contributorId":27683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nierzwicki-Bauer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Momen, B.","contributorId":91283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momen","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simonin, H. A.","contributorId":85713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simonin","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}