{"pageNumber":"2358","pageRowStart":"58925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185113,"records":[{"id":70031482,"text":"70031482 - 2007 - Effects of aquaculture production noise on hearing, growth, and disease resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031482","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of aquaculture production noise on hearing, growth, and disease resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss","docAbstract":"Intensive aquaculture production often utilizes equipment (e.g., aerators, air and water pumps, harvesters, blowers, filtration systems, and maintenance machinery) that increases noise levels in fish culture tanks. Consequently, chronic exposure to elevated noise levels in tanks could negatively impact cultured species. Possible effects include impairment of the auditory system, increased stress, and reduced growth rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of sound exposure on the hearing sensitivity, growth, and survival of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Two cohorts of rainbow trout were cultured for 8??months in replicated tanks consisting of three sound treatments: 115, 130, or 150 decibels referenced at 1 micropascal (dB re 1????Pa root mean square [RMS]) levels. Auditory evoked potential (AEP) recordings revealed no significant differences in hearing thresholds resulting from exposure to increased ambient sound levels. Although there was no evident noise-induced hearing loss, there were significant differences in hearing thresholds between the two fish cohorts examined. No statistical effect of sound treatment was found for growth rate and mortality within each fish cohort. There was no significant difference in mortality between sound treatments when fish were exposed to the pathogen Yersinia ruckeri, but there was significantly different mortality between cohorts. This study indicated that rainbow trout hearing sensitivity, growth, survival, stress, and disease susceptibility were not negatively impacted by noise levels common to recirculating aquaculture systems. These findings should not be generalized to all cultured fish species, however, because many species, including catfish and cyprinids, have much greater hearing sensitivity than rainbow trout and could be affected differently by noise. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.225","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Wysocki, L., Davidson, J.W., Smith, M., Frankel, A., Ellison, W., Mazik, P.M., Popper, A., and Bebak, J., 2007, Effects of aquaculture production noise on hearing, growth, and disease resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: Aquaculture, v. 272, no. 1-4, p. 687-697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.225.","startPage":"687","endPage":"697","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477134,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.225","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212413,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.225"},{"id":239894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"272","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a068fe4b0c8380cd512e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wysocki, L.E.","contributorId":105531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wysocki","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, J. W. III","contributorId":94860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, M.E.","contributorId":104525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frankel, A.S.","contributorId":30821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellison, W.T.","contributorId":31203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mazik, P. M.","contributorId":14185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Popper, A.N.","contributorId":15010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popper","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bebak, J.","contributorId":31704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bebak","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70031480,"text":"70031480 - 2007 - Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031480","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty","docAbstract":"We offer a conceptual framework for managing forested ecosystems under an assumption that future environments will be different from present but that we cannot be certain about the specifics of change. We encourage flexible approaches that promote reversible and incremental steps, and that favor ongoing learning and capacity to modify direction as situations change. We suggest that no single solution fits all future challenges, especially in the context of changing climates, and that the best strategy is to mix different approaches for different situations. Resources managers will be challenged to integrate adaptation strategies (actions that help ecosystems accommodate changes adaptively) and mitigation strategies (actions that enable ecosystems to reduce anthropogenic influences on global climate) into overall plans. Adaptive strategies include resistance options (forestall impacts and protect highly valued resources), resilience options (improve the capacity of ecosystems to return to desired conditions after disturbance), and response options (facilitate transition of ecosystems from current to new conditions). Mitigation strategies include options to sequester carbon and reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions. Priority-setting approaches (e.g., triage), appropriate for rapidly changing conditions and for situations where needs are greater than available capacity to respond, will become increasingly important in the future. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-1715.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Millar, C.I., Stephenson, N., and Stephens, S., 2007, Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 8, p. 2145-2151, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1715.1.","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2151","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212383,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1715.1"}],"volume":"17","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f64ce4b0c8380cd4c688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Millar, C. I.","contributorId":47165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, N.L.","contributorId":17559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephens, S.L.","contributorId":85694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031479,"text":"70031479 - 2007 - An estimate of carbon emissions from 2004 wildfires across Alaskan Yukon River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T13:07:47","indexId":"70031479","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1183,"text":"Carbon Balance and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An estimate of carbon emissions from 2004 wildfires across Alaskan Yukon River Basin","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ASec1\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\">Background</p><p class=\"Para\">Wildfires are an increasingly important component of the forces that drive the global carbon (C) cycle and climate change as progressive warming is expected in boreal areas. This study estimated C emissions from the wildfires across the Alaskan Yukon River Basin in 2004. We spatially related the firescars to land cover types and defined the C fractions of aboveground biomass and the ground layer (referring to the top 15 cm organic soil layer only in this paper) consumed in association with land cover types, soil drainage classes, and the C stocks in the ground layer.</p></div><div id=\"ASec2\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\">Results</p><p class=\"Para\">The fires led to a burned area of 26,500 km<sup>2</sup> and resulted in the total C emission of 81.1 ± 13.6 Tg (Tg, Teragram; 1 Tg = 10<sup>12</sup> g) or 3.1 ± 0.7 kg C m<sup>-2</sup> burned. Of the total C emission, about 73% and 27% could be attributed to the consumption of the ground layer and aboveground biomass, respectively.</p></div><div id=\"ASec3\" class=\"AbstractSection\"><p class=\"Heading\">Conclusion</p><p class=\"Para\">The predominant contribution of the ground layer to the total C emission implies the importance of ground fuel management to the control of wildfires and mitigation of C emissions. The magnitude of the total C emission depends on fire extent, while the C loss in kg C m<sup>-2</sup> burned is affected strongly by the ground layer and soil drainage condition. The significant reduction in the ground layer by large fires may result in profound impacts on boreal ecosystem services with an increase in feedbacks between wildfires and climate change.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/1750-0680-2-12","issn":"17500680","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Tieszen, L.L., Zhu, Z., Liu, S., and Howard, S.M., 2007, An estimate of carbon emissions from 2004 wildfires across Alaskan Yukon River Basin: Carbon Balance and Management, v. 2, no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-0680-2-12.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477233,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-0680-2-12","text":"External Repository"},{"id":239824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212353,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1750-0680-2-12"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea41e4b0c8380cd48735","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Zhengxi 0000-0002-4136-0921 ztan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-0921","contributorId":2945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Zhengxi","email":"ztan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":431702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031478,"text":"70031478 - 2007 - Environmental contaminants in bald eagle eggs from the Aleutian archipelago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031478","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants in bald eagle eggs from the Aleutian archipelago","docAbstract":"We collected 136 fresh and unhatched eggs from bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nests and assessed productivity on eight islands in the Aleutian archipelago, 2000 to 2002. Egg contents were analyzed for a broad spectrum of organochlorine (OC) contaminants, mercury (Hg), and stable isotopes of carbon (??13C) and nitrogen (??15N). Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (??PCBs), p,p???- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and Hg in bald eagle eggs were elevated throughout the archipelago, but the patterns of distribution differed among the various contaminants. Total PCBs were highest in areas of past military activities on Adak and Amchitka Islands, indicating local point sources of these compounds. Concentrations of DDE and Hg were higher on Amchitka Island, which was subjected to much military activity during World War II and the middle of the 20th century. Concentrations of ??PCBs also were elevated on islands with little history of military activity (e.g., Amlia, Tanaga, Buldir), suggesting non-point sources of PCBs in addition to point sources. Concentrations of DDE and Hg were highest in eagle eggs from the most western Aleutian Islands (e.g., Buldir, Kiska) and decreased eastward along the Aleutian chain. This east-to-west increase suggested a Eurasian source of contamination, possibly through global transport and atmospheric distillation and/or from migratory seabirds. Eggshell thickness and productivity of bald eagles were normal and indicative of healthy populations because concentrations of most contaminants were below threshold levels for effects on reproduction. Contrary to our predictions, contaminant concentrations were not correlated with stable isotopes of carbon (??13C) or nitrogen (??15N) in eggs. These latter findings indicate that contaminant concentrations were influenced more by point sources and geographic location than trophic status of eagles among the different islands. ?? 2007 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-334R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R., Miles, A., Ricca, M., and Estes, J.A., 2007, Environmental contaminants in bald eagle eggs from the Aleutian archipelago: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 9, p. 1843-1855, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-334R.1.","startPage":"1843","endPage":"1855","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-334R.1"},{"id":239823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09aee4b0c8380cd51fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ricca, M.A.","contributorId":103609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031477,"text":"70031477 - 2007 - Forage nutritive quality in the Serengeti ecosystem: The roles of fire and herbivory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70031477","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forage nutritive quality in the Serengeti ecosystem: The roles of fire and herbivory","docAbstract":"Fire and herbivory are important determinants of nutrient availability in savanna ecosystems. Fire and herbivory effects on the nutritive quality of savanna vegetation can occur directly, independent of changes in the plant community, or indirectly, via effects on the plant community. Indirect effects can be further subdivided into those occurring because of changes in plant species composition or plant abundance (i.e., quality versus quantity). We studied relationships between fire, herbivory, rainfall, soil fertility, and leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sodium (Na) at 30 sites inside and outside of Serengeti National Park. Using structural equation modeling, we asked whether fire and herbivory influences were largely direct or indirect and how their signs and strengths differed within the context of natural savanna processes. Herbivory was associated with enhanced leaf N and P through changes in plant biomass and community composition. Fire was associated with reduced leaf nutrient concentrations through changes in plant community composition. Additionally, fire had direct positive effects on Na and nonlinear direct effects on P that partially mitigated the indirect negative effects. Key mechanisms by which fire reduced plant nutritive quality were through reductions of Na-rich grasses and increased abundance of Themeda triandra, which had below-average leaf nutrients. ?? 2007 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/520120","issn":"00030147","usgsCitation":"Anderson, T., Ritchie, M., Mayemba, E., Eby, S., Grace, J., and McNaughton, S., 2007, Forage nutritive quality in the Serengeti ecosystem: The roles of fire and herbivory: American Naturalist, v. 170, no. 3, p. 343-357, https://doi.org/10.1086/520120.","startPage":"343","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476946,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/5bbff65c-c4fc-4fd6-8edc-4859402179c2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/520120"},{"id":239792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12f1e4b0c8380cd54463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, T.M.","contributorId":70996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritchie, M.E.","contributorId":56446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayemba, E.","contributorId":97319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayemba","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eby, S.","contributorId":30445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eby","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McNaughton, S.J.","contributorId":101457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNaughton","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031476,"text":"70031476 - 2007 - Coral-gravel storm ridges: examples from the tropical Pacific and Caribbean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T13:43:10","indexId":"70031476","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coral-gravel storm ridges: examples from the tropical Pacific and Caribbean","docAbstract":"Extreme storms in reef environments have long been recognized as a mechanism for depositing ridges of reef-derived coarse clastic sediment. This study revisits the storm ridges formed by Tropical Cyclone Bebe on Funafuti, Tuvalu and Tropical Cyclone Ofa on Upolu, Western Samoa in the South Pacific, and Hurricane Lenny on Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean. Ridge characteristics produced by these storms include: heights of 1–4 m, widths of 8–50 m, and lengths up to 18 km. The ridges tend to be higher and steeper on their landward margins than on their seaward margins and are composed mostly of re-worked coral rubble derived from reef front settings with smaller amounts of fresh broken coral (5–30%). Characteristics of these modern gravel storm ridges can be used to help identify ancient storm deposits and to differentiate between other coarse-grained deposits such as those created by tsunamis.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)43","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Richmond, B.M., and Morton, R., 2007, Coral-gravel storm ridges: examples from the tropical Pacific and Caribbean, <i>in</i> Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, p. 572-583, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)43.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"572","endPage":"583","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)43"},{"id":239791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc0ce4b0c8380cd4e0cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":88333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031475,"text":"70031475 - 2007 - Modeling barrier island response to sea-level rise in the Outer Banks, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T13:51:54","indexId":"70031475","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling barrier island response to sea-level rise in the Outer Banks, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>An 8500-year Holocene simulation developed in GEOMBEST provides a possible scenario to explain the evolution of barrier coast between Rodanthe and Cape Hatteras, NC. Sensitivity analyses suggest that in the Outer Banks, the rate of sea-level rise is the most important factor in determining how barrier islands evolve. The Holocene simulation provides a basis for future simulations, which suggest that if sea level rises up to 0.88 m by AD 2100, as predicted by the highest estimates of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the barrier in the study area may migrate on the order of 2.5 times more rapidly than at present. If sea level rises beyond IPCC predictions to reach 1.4–1.9 m above modern sea level by AD 2100, model results suggest that barrier islands in the Outer Banks may become vulnerable to threshold collapse, disintegrating during storm events, by the end of the next century. Consistent with sensitivity analyses, additional simulations indicate that anthropogenic activities, such as increasing the rate of sediment supply through beach nourishment, will only slightly affect barrier island migration rates and barrier island vulnerability to collapse.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)89","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Moore, L.J., List, J., Williams, S.J., and Stolper, D., 2007, Modeling barrier island response to sea-level rise in the Outer Banks, North Carolina, <i>in</i> Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, p. 1153-1164, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)89.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1164","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212295,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)89"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Outer Banks","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.531626,35.292798 ], [ -75.531626,35.77543 ], [ -75.459951,35.77543 ], [ -75.459951,35.292798 ], [ -75.531626,35.292798 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5be1e4b0c8380cd6f888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Laura J.","contributorId":39452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolper, David","contributorId":68111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolper","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031474,"text":"70031474 - 2007 - Chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:55:04","indexId":"70031474","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (Unionidae)","docAbstract":"<p>The objectives of the present study were to develop methods for conducting chronic toxicity tests with juvenile mussels under flow-through conditions and to determine the chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile mussels using these methods. In two feeding tests, two-month-old fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and rainbow mussel (Villosa iris) were fed various live algae or nonviable algal mixture for 28 d. The algal mixture was the best food resulting in high survival (???90%) and growth. Multiple copper and ammonia toxicity tests were conducted for 28 d starting with two-month-old mussels. Six toxicity tests using the algal mixture were successfully completed with a control survival of 88 to 100%. Among copper tests with rainbow mussel, fatmucket, and oyster mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis), chronic value ([ChV], geometric mean of the no-observed-effect concentration and the lowest-observed-effect concentration) ranged from 8.5 to 9.8 ??g Cu/L for survival and from 4.6 to 8.5 ??g Cu/L for growth. Among ammonia tests with rainbow mussel, fatmucket, and wavy-rayed lampmussel (L. fasciola), the ChV ranged from 0.37 to 1.2 mg total ammonia N/L for survival and from 0.37 to 0.67 mg N/L for growth. These ChVs were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1996 chronic water quality criterion (WQC) for copper (15 ??g/L; hardness 170 mg/L) and 1999 WQC for total ammonia (1.26 mg N/L; pH 8.2 and 20??C). Results indicate that toxicity tests with two-month-old mussels can be conducted for 28 d with &gt;80% control survival; growth was frequently a more sensitive endpoint compared to survival; and the 1996 chronic WQC for copper and the 1999 chronic WQC for total ammonia might not be adequately protective of the mussel species tested. However, a recently revised 2007 chronic WQC for copper based on the biotic ligand model may be more protective in the water tested. ?? 2007 SETAC.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/06-524R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Ingersoll, C., Greer, I., Hardesty, D., Ivey, C., Kunz, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., Dwyer, F., Roberts, A., Augspurger, T., Kane, C., Neves, R.J., and Barnhart, M., 2007, Chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (Unionidae): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2048-2056, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-524R.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2048","endPage":"2056","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-524R.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5eee4b0c8380cd4c4c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greer, I.E.","contributorId":70182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardesty, D.K.","contributorId":43935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ivey, C.D.","contributorId":33876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivey","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kunz, J.L.","contributorId":7872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunz","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Roberts, A.D.","contributorId":87757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kane, C.M.","contributorId":20140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Barnhart, M.C.","contributorId":107410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70031472,"text":"70031472 - 2007 - Diel changes in water chemistry in an arsenic-rich stream and treatment-pond system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T09:09:22","indexId":"70031472","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel changes in water chemistry in an arsenic-rich stream and treatment-pond system","docAbstract":"<p>Arsenic concentrations are elevated in surface waters of the Warm Springs Ponds Operable Unit (WSPOU), located at the head of the upper Clark Fork River Superfund site, Montana, USA. Arsenic is derived from historical deposition of smelter emissions (Mill and Willow Creeks) and historical mining and milling wastes (Silver Bow Creek). Although long-term monitoring has characterized the general seasonal and flow-related trends in As concentrations in these streams and the pond system used to treat Silver Bow Creek water, little is known about solubility controls and sorption processes that influence diel cycles in As concentrations.</p><p>Diel (24-h) sampling was conducted in July 2004 and August 2005 at the outlet of the treatment ponds, at two locations along a nearby reconstructed stream channel that diverts tributary water around the ponds, and at Silver Bow Creek 2&nbsp;km below the ponds. Dissolved As concentration increased up to 51% during the day at most of the stream sites, whereas little or no diel change was displayed at the treatment-pond outlet. The strong cycle in streams is explained by pH- and temperature-dependent sorption of As onto hydrous metal oxides or biofilms on the streambed. Concentrations of dissolved Ca<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>at the stream sites showed a diel temporal pattern opposite to that of As, and geochemical modeling supports the hypothesis that the concentrations of Ca<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>were controlled by precipitation of calcite during the warm afternoon hours when pH rose above 9.0. Nightly increases in dissolved Mn and Fe(II) concentrations were out of phase with concentrations of other divalent cations and are more likely explained by redox phenomena.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.029","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Gammons, C., Grant, T., Nimick, D.A., Parker, S., and DeGrandpre, M., 2007, Diel changes in water chemistry in an arsenic-rich stream and treatment-pond system: Science of the Total Environment, v. 384, no. 1-3, p. 433-451, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.029.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"451","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212264,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.029"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Warm Springs Ponds Operable Unit, Clark Fork River Superfund site","volume":"384","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00bfe4b0c8380cd4f8c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gammons, C.H.","contributorId":18459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gammons","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, T.M.","contributorId":87756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, S.R.","contributorId":62725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGrandpre, M.D.","contributorId":9461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGrandpre","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70031469,"text":"70031469 - 2007 - Whole-ecosystem study shows rapid fish-mercury response to changes in mercury deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T11:11:16","indexId":"70031469","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whole-ecosystem study shows rapid fish-mercury response to changes in mercury deposition","docAbstract":"<p>Methylmercury contamination of fisheries from centuries of industrial atmospheric emissions negatively impacts humans and wild-life worldwide. The response of fish methylmercury concentrations to changes in mercury deposition has been difficult to establish because sediments/soils contain large pools of historical contamination, and many factors in addition to deposition affect fish mercury. To test directly the response of fish contamination to changing mercury deposition, we conducted a whole-ecosystem experiment, increasing the mercury load to a lake and its watershed by the addition of enriched stable mercury isotopes. The isotopes allowed us to distinguish between experimentally applied mercury and mercury already present in the ecosystem and to examine bioaccumulation of mercury deposited to different parts of the watershed. Fish methylmercury concentrations responded rapidly to changes in mercury deposition over the first 3 years of study. Essentially all of the increase in fish methylmercury concentrations came from mercury deposited directly to the lake surface. In contrast, &lt;1% of the mercury isotope deposited to the watershed was exported to the lake. Steady state was not reached within 3 years. Lake mercury isotope concentrations were still rising in lake biota, and watershed mercury isotope exports to the lake were increasing slowly. Therefore, we predict that mercury emissions reductions will yield rapid (years) reductions in fish methylmercury concentrations and will yield concomitant reductions in risk. However, a full response will be delayed by the gradual export of mercury stored in watersheds. The rate of response will vary among lakes depending on the relative surface areas of water and watershed.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0704186104","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., Rudd, J., Amyot, M., Babiarz, C., Beaty, K., Blanchfield, P., Bodaly, R., Branfireun, B., Gilmour, C., Graydon, J., Heyes, A., Hintelmann, H., Hurley, J., Kelly, C., Krabbenhoft, D., Lindberg, S., Mason, R., Paterson, M., Podemski, C., Robinson, A., Sandilands, K., Southworthn, G., , L., and Tate, M., 2007, Whole-ecosystem study shows rapid fish-mercury response to changes in mercury deposition: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 104, no. 42, p. 16586-16591, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704186104.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"16586","endPage":"16591","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477110,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704186104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212208,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704186104"}],"volume":"104","issue":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd088e4b08c986b32eeee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.C.","contributorId":68109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rudd, J.W.M.","contributorId":45487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"J.W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amyot, M.","contributorId":85404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amyot","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Babiarz, Christopher L.","contributorId":101822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babiarz","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beaty, K.G.","contributorId":7500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaty","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blanchfield, P.J.","contributorId":64025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchfield","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bodaly, R.A.","contributorId":34722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodaly","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Branfireun, B.A.","contributorId":92843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branfireun","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gilmour, 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A.","contributorId":60011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Sandilands, K.A.","contributorId":63619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandilands","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Southworthn, G.R.","contributorId":57660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworthn","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":" Louis","contributorId":71353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}}
,{"id":70031468,"text":"70031468 - 2007 - A stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests of the southern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T11:04:01","indexId":"70031468","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests of the southern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"<p>Dendroecological techniques were applied to reconstruct stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Fourteen stand-replacing fires were dated to 8 unique fire years (1842–1901) using four lines of evidence at each of 12 sites within the upper Rio Grande Basin. The four lines of evidence were (<i>i</i>) quaking aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i> Michx.) inner-ring dates, (<i>ii</i>) fire-killed conifer bark-ring dates, (<i>iii</i>) tree-ring width changes or other morphological indicators of injury, and (<i>iv</i>) fire scars. The annual precision of dating allowed the identification of synchronous stand-replacing fire years among the sites, and co-occurrence with regional surface fire events previously reconstructed from a network of fire scar collections in lower elevation pine forests across the southwestern United States. Nearly all of the synchronous stand-replacing and surface fire years coincided with severe droughts, because climate variability created regional conditions where stand-replacing fires and surface fires burned across ecosystems. Reconstructed stand-replacing fires that predate substantial Anglo-American settlement in this region provide direct evidence that stand-replacing fires were a feature of high-elevation forests before extensive and intensive land-use practices (e.g., logging, railroad, and mining) began in the late 19th century.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/X07-079","usgsCitation":"Margolis, E., Swetnam, T., and Allen, C.D., 2007, A stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests of the southern Rocky Mountains: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2227-2241, https://doi.org/10.1139/X07-079.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2227","endPage":"2241","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5aae4b0c8380cd46ee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Margolis, E.Q.","contributorId":15410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margolis","given":"E.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swetnam, T.W.","contributorId":95433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swetnam","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031467,"text":"70031467 - 2007 - Random forests for classification in ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70031467","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Random forests for classification in ecology","docAbstract":"Classification procedures are some of the most widely used statistical methods in ecology. Random forests (RF) is a new and powerful statistical classifier that is well established in other disciplines but is relatively unknown in ecology. Advantages of RF compared to other statistical classifiers include (1) very high classification accuracy; (2) a novel method of determining variable importance; (3) ability to model complex interactions among predictor variables; (4) flexibility to perform several types of statistical data analysis, including regression, classification, survival analysis, and unsupervised learning; and (5) an algorithm for imputing missing values. We compared the accuracies of RF and four other commonly used statistical classifiers using data on invasive plant species presence in Lava Beds National Monument, California, USA, rare lichen species presence in the Pacific Northwest, USA, and nest sites for cavity nesting birds in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA. We observed high classification accuracy in all applications as measured by cross-validation and, in the case of the lichen data, by independent test data, when comparing RF to other common classification methods. We also observed that the variables that RF identified as most important for classifying invasive plant species coincided with expectations based on the literature. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/07-0539.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Cutler, D., Edwards, T., Beard, K., Cutler, A., Hess, K., Gibson, J., and Lawler, J., 2007, Random forests for classification in ecology: Ecology, v. 88, no. 11, p. 2783-2792, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0539.1.","startPage":"2783","endPage":"2792","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0539.1"},{"id":239626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9494e4b0c8380cd814c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cutler, D.R.","contributorId":89684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutler","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beard, K.H.","contributorId":33531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cutler, A.","contributorId":50354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutler","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hess, K.T.","contributorId":31204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gibson, J.","contributorId":52399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lawler, J.J.","contributorId":8641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032999,"text":"70032999 - 2007 - Resource availability, matrix quality, microclimate, and spatial pattern as predictors of patch use by the Karner blue butterfly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T09:48:26","indexId":"70032999","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource availability, matrix quality, microclimate, and spatial pattern as predictors of patch use by the Karner blue butterfly","docAbstract":"<p><span>Determination of which aspects of habitat quality and habitat spatial arrangement best account for variation in a species&rsquo; distribution can guide management for organisms such as the Karner blue butterfly (</span><i>Lycaeides melissa samuelis</i><span>), a federally endangered subspecies inhabiting savannas of Midwest and Eastern United States. We examined the extent to which three sets of predictors, (1) larval host plant (</span><i>Lupinus perennis</i><span>, wild lupine) availability, (2) characteristics of the matrix surrounding host plant patches, and (3) factors affecting a patch&rsquo;s thermal environment, accounted for variation in lupine patch use by Karner blues at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana and Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, USA. Each predictor set accounted for 7&ndash;13% of variation in patch occupancy by Karner blues at both sites and in larval feeding activity among patches at Indiana Dunes. Patch area, an indicator of host plant availability, was an exception, accounting for 30% of variation in patch occupancy at Indiana Dunes. Spatially structured patterns of patch use across the landscape accounted for 9&ndash;16% of variation in patch use and explained more variation in larval feeding activity than did spatial autocorrelation between neighboring patches. Because of this broader spatial trend across sites, a given management action may be more effective in promoting patch use in some portions of the landscape than in others. Spatial trend, resource availability, matrix quality, and microclimate, in general, accounted for similar amounts of variation in patch use and each should be incorporated into habitat management planning for the Karner blue butterfly.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.003","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Grundel, R., and Pavlovic, N., 2007, Resource availability, matrix quality, microclimate, and spatial pattern as predictors of patch use by the Karner blue butterfly: Biological Conservation, v. 135, no. 1, p. 135-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213356,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.003"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9ede4b0c8380cd86054","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031465,"text":"70031465 - 2007 - Responses of California Brown Pelicans to disturbances at a large Oregon roost","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70031465","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of California Brown Pelicans to disturbances at a large Oregon roost","docAbstract":"Numbers of California Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) along the coast of Oregon and Washington have increased sharply in recent years. We identified East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary as the site of the largest pelican roost within this region. Numbers of pelicans roosting on East Sand Island have increased from less than 100 during 1979-1986 to a high count of 10,852 in 2002. The East Sand Island roost is currently the site of a major non-breeding aggregation of this endangered subspecies. Total numbers of pelicans roosting on East Sand Island increased seasonally from April to September or October, and then declined sharply with the onset of winter storms. Pelicans appeared to forage more during low tides, and return to the roost during high tides; therefore, pelican numbers on the island were positively associated with tide height. Land-based human disturbance was negatively associated with total pelican numbers, whereas water-based human disturbance had no significant effect on total pelican numbers on the island. Natural disturbances, although more frequent than human disturbances, apparently did not influence the total number of pelicans on the island.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0479:ROCBPT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Wright, S.K., Roby, D., and Anthony, R., 2007, Responses of California Brown Pelicans to disturbances at a large Oregon roost: Waterbirds, v. 30, no. 4, p. 479-487, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0479:ROCBPT]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"479","endPage":"487","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0479:ROCBPT]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":240139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa95e4b0c8380cd863f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Sadie K.","contributorId":63223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Sadie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031464,"text":"70031464 - 2007 - Observations of magnetite dissolution in poorly drained soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70031464","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of magnetite dissolution in poorly drained soils","docAbstract":"Dissolution of strongly magnetic minerals is a common and relatively rapid phenomenon in poorly drained soils of the central United States, resulting in low magnetic susceptibility (MS). Low Eh reducing conditions are primarily responsible for magnetic mineral dissolution; a process likely mediated by iron-reducing bacteria in the presence of soil organic matter. Based on transects across drainage sequences from nine sites, natural magnetic minerals (>5 ??m) extracted from surface soil consist of 54% ?? 18% magnetite, 21% ?? 11% titanomagnetite, and 17% ?? 14% ilmenite. Magnetite and titanomagnetite dissolution, assessed by scanning electron microscopy on a 0-to-3 scale, inversely correlates with surface soil MS (r = 0.53), a proxy for soil drainage at studied transects. Altered magnetite typically displays etch pits <1-??m diameter, whereas titanomagnetite exhibits a latticework pattern of alteration along planes of crystallographic weakness (<1-??m spacing). Ilmenite, containing solely ferrous iron, is unaffected by reducing conditions, portraying mainly smooth-textured grains. Magnetic fractions (>5 ??m) include 26% ?? 18% anthropogenic fly ash that also exhibits greater dissolution in low MS soils (r = 0.38), indicating detectable alteration can occur within 150 years in low Eh soils. Laboratory induced reduction of magnetite, titanomagnetite, and magnetic fly ash, with a citrate-bicarbonate- dithionite solution, resulted in dissolution textures similar to those of in situ soil particles. Although experiments indicate that reductive dissolution of magnetite can occur abiotically under extreme conditions, bacteria likely play an important role in the natural environment. ?? 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1097/ss.0b013e3181586b77","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Grimley, D., and Arruda, N., 2007, Observations of magnetite dissolution in poorly drained soils: Soil Science, v. 172, no. 12, p. 968-982, https://doi.org/10.1097/ss.0b013e3181586b77.","startPage":"968","endPage":"982","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212623,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ss.0b013e3181586b77"},{"id":240138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a97e4b0c8380cd74268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimley, D.A.","contributorId":18530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimley","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arruda, N.K.","contributorId":105887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arruda","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031457,"text":"70031457 - 2007 - Correlations between Cassini VIMS spectra and RADAR SAR images: Implications for Titan's surface composition and the character of the Huygens Probe Landing Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T15:44:43","indexId":"70031457","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlations between Cassini VIMS spectra and RADAR SAR images: Implications for Titan's surface composition and the character of the Huygens Probe Landing Site","docAbstract":"<p><span>Titan's vast equatorial fields of RADAR-dark longitudinal dunes seen in Cassini RADAR synthetic aperture images correlate with one of two dark surface units discriminated as “brown” and “blue” in Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) color composites of short-wavelength infrared spectral cubes (RGB as 2.0, 1.6, 1.3</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm). In such composites bluer materials exhibit higher reflectance at 1.3</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm and lower at 1.6 and 2.0</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm. The dark brown unit is highly correlated with the RADAR-dark dunes. The dark brown unit shows less evidence of water ice suggesting that the saltating grains of the dunes are largely composed of hydrocarbons and/or nitriles. In general, the bright units also show less evidence of absorption due to water ice and are inferred to consist of deposits of bright fine precipitating tholin aerosol dust. Some set of chemical/mechanical processes may be converting the bright fine-grained aerosol deposits into the dark saltating hydrocarbon and/or nitrile grains. Alternatively the dark dune materials may be derived from a different type of air aerosol photochemical product than are the bright materials. In our model, both the bright aerosol and dark hydrocarbon dune deposits mantle the VIMS dark blue water ice-rich substrate. We postulate that the bright mantles are effectively invisible (transparent) in RADAR synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images leading to lack of correlation in the RADAR images with optically bright mantling units. RADAR images mostly show only dark dunes and the water ice substrate that varies in roughness, fracturing, and porosity. If the rate of deposition of bright aerosol is 0.001–0.01</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm/yr, the surface would be coated (to optical instruments) in hundreds-to-thousands of years unless cleansing processes are active. The dark dunes must be mobile on this very short timescale to prevent the accumulation of bright coatings. Huygens landed in a region of the VIMS bright and dark blue materials and about 30</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km south of the nearest occurrence of dunes visible in the RADAR SAR images. Fluvial/pluvial processes, every few centuries or millennia, must be cleansing the dark floors of the incised channels and scouring the dark plains at the Huygens landing site both imaged by Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.014","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Soderblom, L.A., Kirk, R.L., Lunine, J.I., Anderson, J.A., Baines, K.H., Barnes, J.W., Barrett, J.M., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Elachi, C., Janssen, M.A., Jaumann, R., Karkoschka, E., Le Mouélic, S., Lopes, R., Lorenz, R.D., McCord, T.B., Nicholson, P.D., Radebaugh, J., Rizk, B., Sotin, C., Stofan, E.R., Sucharski, T.L., Tomasko, M.G., and Wall, S.D., 2007, Correlations between Cassini VIMS spectra and RADAR SAR images: Implications for Titan's surface composition and the character of the Huygens Probe Landing Site: Planetary and Space Science, v. 55, no. 13, p. 2025-2036, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2025","endPage":"2036","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"55","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc4ce4b0c8380cd4e1ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunine, Jonathan I.","contributorId":82447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":99306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baines, Kevin H.","contributorId":193922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnes, Jason W.","contributorId":147251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barrett, Janet M. jbarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":5054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Janet","email":"jbarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, Robert H.","contributorId":147246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, Bonnie J.","contributorId":152192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":18876,"text":"California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cruikshank, Dale P.","contributorId":211073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":33257,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Elachi, Charles","contributorId":211194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Janssen, Michael A.","contributorId":211182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janssen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Jaumann, Ralf","contributorId":147249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"Ralf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Karkoschka, Erich","contributorId":147250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karkoschka","given":"Erich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Le Mouélic, Stéphane","contributorId":99400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"Stéphane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Lopes, Rosaly","contributorId":210492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes","given":"Rosaly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Lorenz, Ralph D.","contributorId":56360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"McCord, Thomas B.","contributorId":193920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Nicholson, Philip D.","contributorId":193925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Rizk, Bashar","contributorId":24257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizk","given":"Bashar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Stofan, Ellen R.","contributorId":103746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stofan","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Sucharski, Tracie L. tsucharski@usgs.gov","contributorId":4586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sucharski","given":"Tracie","email":"tsucharski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":431571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Tomasko, Martin G.","contributorId":147252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomasko","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Wall, Stephen D.","contributorId":7825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}}
,{"id":70032114,"text":"70032114 - 2007 - Age and trophic position dominate bioaccumulation of mercury and organochlorines in the food web of Lake Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032114","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and trophic position dominate bioaccumulation of mercury and organochlorines in the food web of Lake Washington","docAbstract":"Understanding the mechanisms of bioaccumulation in food webs is critical to predicting which food webs are at risk for higher rates of bioaccumulation that endanger the health of upper-trophic predators, including humans. Mercury and organochlorines were measured concurrently with stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon in key fishes and invertebrates of Lake Washington to explore important pathways of bioaccumulation in this food web. Across the food web, age and trophic position together were highly significant predictors of bioaccumulation. Trophic position was more important than age for predicting accumulation of mercury, ???DDT, and ???-chlordane, whereas age was more important than trophic position for predicting ???PCB. Excluding age from the analysis inflated the apparent importance of trophic position to bioaccumulation for all contaminants. Benthic and pelagic habitats had similar potential to bioaccumulate contaminants, although higher ???-chlordane concentrations in organisms were weakly associated with more benthic carbon signals. In individual fish species, contaminant concentrations increased with age, size, and trophic position (??15N), whereas relationships with carbon source (??13C) were not consistent. Lipid concentrations were correlated with contaminant concentrations in some but not all fishes, suggesting that lipids were not involved mechanistically in bioaccumulation. Contaminant concentrations in biota did not vary among littoral sites. Collectively, these results suggest that age may be an important determinant of bioaccumulation in many food webs and could help explain a significant amount of the variability in apparent biomagnification rates among food webs. As such, effort should be made when possible to collect information on organism age in addition to stable isotopes when assessing food webs for rates of biomagnification. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.035","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"McIntyre, J., and Beauchamp, D., 2007, Age and trophic position dominate bioaccumulation of mercury and organochlorines in the food web of Lake Washington: Science of the Total Environment, v. 372, no. 2-3, p. 571-584, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.035.","startPage":"571","endPage":"584","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.035"}],"volume":"372","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8e4e4b0c8380cd47f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntyre, J.K.","contributorId":49199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, D.A.","contributorId":54397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033545,"text":"70033545 - 2007 - Effects of pitfall trap preservative on collections of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033545","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1855,"text":"Great Lakes Entomologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of pitfall trap preservative on collections of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)","docAbstract":"Effects of six pitfall trap preservatives (5% acetic acid solution, distilled water, 70% ethanol, 50% ethylene glycol solution, 50% propylene glycol solution, and 10% saline solution) on collections of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were studied in a west-central Illinois deciduous forest from May to October 2005. A total of 819 carabids, representing 33 species and 19 genera, were collected. Saline produced significantly fewer captures than did acetic acid, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol, while distilled water produced significantly fewer captures than did acetic acid. Significant associations between numbers of captures and treatment were seen in four species: Amphasia interstitialis (Say), Calathus opaculus LeConte, Chlaenius nemoralis Say, and Cyclotrachelus sodalis (LeConte). Results of this study suggest that type of preservative used can have substantial effects on abundance and species composition of carabids collected in pitfall traps.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Lakes Entomologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00900","usgsCitation":"McCravy, K., and Willand, J., 2007, Effects of pitfall trap preservative on collections of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Great Lakes Entomologist, v. 40, no. 3-4, p. 154-165.","startPage":"154","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0782e4b0c8380cd51720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCravy, K.W.","contributorId":90527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCravy","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willand, J.E.","contributorId":60838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willand","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032086,"text":"70032086 - 2007 - Can parasites be indicators of free-living diversity? Relationships between species richness and the abundance of larval trematodes and of local benthos and fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032086","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can parasites be indicators of free-living diversity? Relationships between species richness and the abundance of larval trematodes and of local benthos and fishes","docAbstract":"Measuring biodiversity is difficult. This has led to efforts to seek taxa whose species richness correlates with the species richness of other taxa. Such indicator taxa could then reduce the time and cost of assessing the biodiversity of the more extensive community. The search for species richness correlations has yielded mixed results, however. This may be primarily because of the lack of functional relationships between the taxa studied. Trematode parasites are highly promising bioindicators. Diverse assemblages of larval trematode parasites are easily sampled in intermediate host snails. Through their life cycles these parasites are functionally coupled with the surrounding free-living diversity of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. It has been shown that larval trematodes in snails correlate positively with bird diversity and abundance. Here, we explore whether trematodes also correlate with standard measures of fishes, and large and small benthos, for 32 sites in three wetlands. We found associations between trematodes and benthic communities that were not consistent across wetlands. The associations were, however, consistently positive for large benthic species richness and density. Some of the contrasting associations between trematode and benthos may be explained by negative associations between large and small benthos. We found no associations with fish communities (probably because of the inadequacy of standard \"snapshot\" sampling methods for highly mobile fishes). The results support further exploration of trematodes as bioindicators of diversity and abundance of animal communities. ?? 2006 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-006-0568-z","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Hechinger, R.F., Lafferty, K.D., Huspeni, T., Brooks, A., and Kuris, A.M., 2007, Can parasites be indicators of free-living diversity? Relationships between species richness and the abundance of larval trematodes and of local benthos and fishes: Oecologia, v. 151, no. 1, p. 82-92, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0568-z.","startPage":"82","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0568-z"},{"id":242501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"151","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f337e4b0c8380cd4b684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hechinger, R. F.","contributorId":83864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hechinger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huspeni, T.C.","contributorId":58968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huspeni","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, A.J.","contributorId":60461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuris, A. M.","contributorId":62164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032085,"text":"70032085 - 2007 - Linking occurrence and fitness to persistence: Habitat-based approach for endangered Greater Sage-Grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:10:17","indexId":"70032085","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking occurrence and fitness to persistence: Habitat-based approach for endangered Greater Sage-Grouse","docAbstract":"Detailed empirical models predicting both species occurrence and fitness across a landscape are necessary to understand processes related to population persistence. Failure to consider both occurrence and fitness may result in incorrect assessments of habitat importance leading to inappropriate management strategies. We took a two-stage approach to identifying critical nesting and brood-rearing habitat for the endangered Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Alberta at a landscape scale. First, we used logistic regression to develop spatial models predicting the relative probability of use (occurrence) for Sage-Grouse nests and broods. Secondly, we used Cox proportional hazards survival models to identify the most risky habitats across the landscape. We combined these two approaches to identify Sage-Grouse habitats that pose minimal risk of failure (source habitats) and attractive sink habitats that pose increased risk (ecological traps). Our models showed that Sage-Grouse select for heterogeneous patches of moderate sagebrush cover (quadratic relationship) and avoid anthropogenic edge habitat for nesting. Nests were more successful in heterogeneous habitats, but nest success was independent of anthropogenic features. Similarly, broods selected heterogeneous high-productivity habitats with sagebrush while avoiding human developments, cultivated cropland, and high densities of oil wells. Chick mortalities tended to occur in proximity to oil and gas developments and along riparian habitats. For nests and broods, respectively, approximately 10% and 5% of the study area was considered source habitat, whereas 19% and 15% of habitat was attractive sink habitat. Limited source habitats appear to be the main reason for poor nest success (39%) and low chick survival (12%). Our habitat models identify areas of protection priority and areas that require immediate management attention to enhance recruitment to secure the viability of this population. This novel approach to habitat-based population viability modeling has merit for many species of concern. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/05-1871","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Aldridge, C.L., and Boyce, M.S., 2007, Linking occurrence and fitness to persistence: Habitat-based approach for endangered Greater Sage-Grouse: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 2, p. 508-526, https://doi.org/10.1890/05-1871.","startPage":"508","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214750,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1871"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47d9e4b0c8380cd67a10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyce, Mark S.","contributorId":113205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyce","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":434472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032084,"text":"70032084 - 2007 - Factors that influence the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032084","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1513,"text":"Energy and Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors that influence the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal","docAbstract":"Coal samples and carbonaceous mudstone were collected from the Huaibei coalfield, China, and experiments investigating the factors influencing the extraction of the sixteen US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were carried out. Different extraction times, solvents, and methods were used. Major interest was focused on finding optimum conditions for extracting the PAHs from coal. We conclude that (1) coal composition, including the H/C and O/C ratios, is an important factor for the distribution of PAHs in coals; (2) the total amount of EPA priority PAHs increases with increasing extraction time, 30 min being suitable for ultrasonic-assisted extraction and 24 h for Soxhlet extraction; (3) CS2 is effective in extracting low molecular weight PAHs, while CH2Cl2 is better for extracting high molecular weight PAHs (both are excellent extraction solvents vs hexane); (4) both Soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction showed a similar PAH concentration profile, but the ultrasonic method is less efficient. ?? 2007 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy and Fuels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ef0605753","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Xue, J., Liu, G., Niu, Z., Chou, C.L., Qi, C., Zheng, L., and Zhang, H., 2007, Factors that influence the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal: Energy and Fuels, v. 21, no. 2, p. 881-890, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef0605753.","startPage":"881","endPage":"890","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214720,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef0605753"},{"id":242470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0edae4b0c8380cd53662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xue, J.","contributorId":78956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xue","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niu, Z.","contributorId":52414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qi, C.","contributorId":39197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zheng, Lingyun","contributorId":68495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Lingyun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032081,"text":"70032081 - 2007 - Costimulatory receptors in jawed vertebrates: Conserved CD28, odd CTLA4 and multiple BTLAs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032081","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1383,"text":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Costimulatory receptors in jawed vertebrates: Conserved CD28, odd CTLA4 and multiple BTLAs","docAbstract":"CD28 family of costimulatory receptors is comprised of molecules with a single V-type extracellular Ig domain, a transmembrane and an intracytoplasmic region with signaling motifs. CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) homologs have been recently identified in rainbow trout. Other sequences similar to mammalian CD28 family members have now been identified using teleost, Xenopus and chicken databases. CD28- and CTLA4 homologs were found in all vertebrate classes whereas inducible costimulatory signal (ICOS) was restricted to tetrapods, and programmed cell death-1 (PD1) was limited to mammals and chicken. Multiple B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) sequences were found in teleosts, but not in Xenopus or in avian genomes. The intron/exon structure of btlas was different from that of cd28 and other members of the family. The Ig domain encoded in all the btla genes has features of the C-type structure, which suggests that BTLA does not belong to the CD28 family. The genomic localization of these genes in vertebrate genomes supports the split between the BTLA and CD28 families. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2006.06.003","issn":"0145305X","usgsCitation":"Bernard, D., Hansen, J., Du, P.L., Lefranc, M., Benmansour, A., and Boudinot, P., 2007, Costimulatory receptors in jawed vertebrates: Conserved CD28, odd CTLA4 and multiple BTLAs: Developmental and Comparative Immunology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 255-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2006.06.003.","startPage":"255","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214718,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2006.06.003"},{"id":242467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc7ee4b0c8380cd4e2a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernard, D.","contributorId":81308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernard","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, J.D.","contributorId":107880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Du, Pasquier L.","contributorId":58482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du","given":"Pasquier","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lefranc, M.-P.","contributorId":92877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lefranc","given":"M.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benmansour, A.","contributorId":107928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benmansour","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boudinot, P.","contributorId":49598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boudinot","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031868,"text":"70031868 - 2007 - Factors influencing movement probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70031868","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing movement probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in buildings","docAbstract":"We investigated movements of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in maternity colonies in buildings in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA), during the summers of 2002, 2003, and 2005. This behavior can be of public health concern where bats that may carry diseases (e.g., rabies) move among buildings occupied by people. We used passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) to mark individual bats and hoop PIT readers at emergence points to passively monitor the use of building roosts by marked adult females on a daily basis during the lactation phase of reproduction. Multi-strata models were used to examine movements among roosts in relation to ambient temperatures and ectoparasite loads. Our results suggest that high ambient temperatures influence movements. Numbers of mites (Steatonyssus occidentalis) did not appear to influence movements of female bats among building roosts. In an urban landscape, periods with unusually hot conditions are accompanied by shifting of bats to different buildings or segments of buildings, and this behavior may increase the potential for contact with people in settings where, in comparison to their more regularly used buildings, the bats may be more likely to be of public concern as nuisances or health risks. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-0315","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L., O'Shea, T., Neubaum, D., and Bowen, R.A., 2007, Factors influencing movement probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in buildings: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 2, p. 620-627, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0315.","startPage":"620","endPage":"627","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477040,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0315","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215019,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-0315"},{"id":242784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec7e4b0c8380cd53605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neubaum, D.J.","contributorId":43720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031839,"text":"70031839 - 2007 - Remote camera-trap methods and analyses reveal impacts of rangeland management on Namibian carnivore communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70031839","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2968,"text":"Oryx","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote camera-trap methods and analyses reveal impacts of rangeland management on Namibian carnivore communities","docAbstract":"Assessing the abundance and distribution of mammalian carnivores is vital for understanding their ecology and providing for their long-term conservation. Because of the difficulty of trapping and handling carnivores many studies have relied on abundance indices that may not accurately reflect real abundance and distribution patterns. We developed statistical analyses that detect spatial correlation in visitation data from combined scent station and camera-trap surveys, and we illustrate how to use such data to make inferences about changes in carnivore assemblages. As a case study we compared the carnivore communities of adjacent communal and freehold rangelands in central Namibia. We used an index of overdispersion to test for repeat visits to individual camera-trap scent stations and a bootstrap simulation to test for correlations in visits to camera neighbourhoods. After distilling our presence-absence data to the most defensible spatial scale, we assessed overall carnivore visitation using logistic regression. Our analyses confirmed the expected pattern of a depauparate fauna on the communal rangelands compared to the freehold rangelands. Additionally, the species that were not detected on communal sites were the larger-bodied carnivores. By modelling these rare visits as a Poisson process we illustrate a method of inferring whether or not such patterns are because of local extinction of species or are simply a result of low sample effort. Our Namibian case study indicates that these field methods and analyses can detect meaningful differences in the carnivore communities brought about by anthropogenic influences. ?? 2007 FFI.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oryx","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S0030605306001414","issn":"00306053","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, M.J., Sanjayan, M., Lowenstein, J., Nelson, A., Jeo, R., and Crooks, K., 2007, Remote camera-trap methods and analyses reveal impacts of rangeland management on Namibian carnivore communities: Oryx, v. 41, no. 1, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605306001414.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477176,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605306001414","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215078,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605306001414"},{"id":242850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6dae4b0c8380cd850b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, M. J.","contributorId":44262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanjayan, M.","contributorId":71407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanjayan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstein, J.","contributorId":101902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, A.","contributorId":50343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jeo, R.M.","contributorId":58485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeo","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crooks, K.R.","contributorId":81679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crooks","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030845,"text":"70030845 - 2007 - Population status of North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T16:17:14","indexId":"70030845","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population status of North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris","docAbstract":"<p>North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, was petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The two questions that need to be answered when considering an ESA listing are; (1) Is the entity a species under the ESA and if so (2) is the \"species\" in danger of extinction or likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range? Green sturgeon genetic analyses showed strong differentiation between northern and southern populations, and therefore, the species was divided into Northern and Southern Distinct Population Segments (DPSs). The Northern DPS includes populations in the Rogue, Klamath-Trinity, and Eel rivers, while the Southern DPS only includes a single population in the Sacramento River. The principal risk factors for green sturgeon include loss of spawning habitat, harvest, and entrainment. The Northern DPS is not considered to be in danger of extinction or likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future. The loss of spawning habitat is not large enough to threaten this DPS, although the Eel River has been severely impacted by sedimentation due to poor land use practices and floods. The two main spawning populations in the Rogue and Klamath-Trinity rivers occupy separate basins reducing the potential for loss of the DPS through catastrophic events. Harvest has been substantially reduced and green sturgeon in this DPS do not face substantial entrainment loss. However there are significant concerns due to lack of information, flow and temperature issues, and habitat degradation. The Southern DPS is considered likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future. Green sturgeon in this DPS are concentrated into one spawning area outside of their natural habitat in the Sacramento River, making them vulnerable to catastrophic extinction. Green sturgeon spawning areas have been lost from the area above Shasta Dam on the Sacramento River and Oroville Dam on the Feather River. Entrainment of individuals into water diversion projects is an additional source of risk, and the large decline in numbers of green sturgeon entrained since 1986 causes additional concern. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10641-006-9062-z","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Adams, P., Grimes, C., Hightower, J., Lindley, S., Moser, M., and Parsley, M., 2007, Population status of North American green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 79, no. 3-4, p. 339-356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9062-z.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"356","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211610,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9062-z"},{"id":238927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d95e4b0c8380cd7a031","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, P.B.","contributorId":22576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimes, C.","contributorId":55205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hightower, J.E.","contributorId":16605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindley, S.T.","contributorId":58458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindley","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moser, M.L.","contributorId":92006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}