{"pageNumber":"2359","pageRowStart":"58950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185113,"records":[{"id":70030724,"text":"70030724 - 2007 - Joint inversion of high-frequency surface waves with fundamental and higher modes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030724","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint inversion of high-frequency surface waves with fundamental and higher modes","docAbstract":"Joint inversion of multimode surface waves for estimating the shear (S)-wave velocity has received much attention in recent years. In this paper, we first analyze sensitivity of phase velocities of multimodes of surface waves for a six-layer earth model, and then we invert surface-wave dispersion curves of the theoretical model and a real-world example. Sensitivity analysis shows that fundamental mode data are more sensitive to the S-wave velocities of shallow layers and are concentrated on a very narrow frequency band, while higher mode data are more sensitive to the parameters of relatively deeper layers and are distributed over a wider frequency band. These properties provide a foundation of using a multimode joint inversion to define S-wave velocities. Inversion results of both synthetic data and a real-world example demonstrate that joint inversion with the damped least-square method and the singular-value decomposition technique to invert high-frequency surface waves with fundamental and higher mode data simultaneously can effectively reduce the ambiguity and improve the accuracy of S-wave velocities. ?? 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2007.02.004","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Luo, Y., Xia, J., Liu, J., Liu, Q., and Xu, S., 2007, Joint inversion of high-frequency surface waves with fundamental and higher modes: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 62, no. 4, p. 375-384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2007.02.004.","startPage":"375","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2007.02.004"}],"volume":"62","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4003e4b0c8380cd649d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luo, Y.","contributorId":28417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Q.","contributorId":17827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xu, S.","contributorId":84954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032932,"text":"70032932 - 2007 - Further assessment of environmental contaminants in avian prey of the peregrine falcon in big bend National Park, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70032932","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further assessment of environmental contaminants in avian prey of the peregrine falcon in big bend National Park, Texas","docAbstract":"A small resident population of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus anatum) in the Big Bend region of Texas has suffered reproductive failures since 1990. To continue our assessment of the effects of environmental contaminants on the peregrine falcon, we collected representative avian prey species during 2001 at Mariscal Canyon, Big Bend National Park. The avian carcasses were analyzed for inorganic and organochlorine contaminants. Concentrations of Se and Hg were present at high levels (up to 11 and 2.2 ??g/g dry weight, respectively) in some avian prey and could be implicated in reproductive failures of the peregrine falcon in Big Bend National Park. All other inorganic elements were below concentrations known to affect reproduction or to be associated with other deleterious effects in birds. Of all the organochlorines analyzed, only DDE and total PCBs were present above detection limits in all species, although at low concentrations. Our study provides further support to the hypothesis that contaminants in potential avian prey of the peregrine falcon in the Big Bend region are implicated in the productivity failures observed in this species since 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[54:FAOECI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Mora, M., Skiles, R., and Paredes, M., 2007, Further assessment of environmental contaminants in avian prey of the peregrine falcon in big bend National Park, Texas: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 52, no. 1, p. 54-59, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[54:FAOECI]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"54","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213382,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[54:FAOECI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":241003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1420e4b0c8380cd54904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mora, M.A.","contributorId":71923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skiles, R.S.","contributorId":69856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skiles","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paredes, M.","contributorId":33503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paredes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031233,"text":"70031233 - 2007 - ADCP measurements of gravity currents in the Chicago River, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70031233","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ADCP measurements of gravity currents in the Chicago River, Illinois","docAbstract":"A unique set of observations of stratified flow phenomena in the Chicago River was made using an upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) during the period November 20, 2003 to February 1, 2004. Water density differences between the Chicago River and its North Branch (NB) seem to be responsible for the development of gravity currents. With the objective of characterizing the occurrence, frequency, and evolution of such currents, the ADCP was configured to continuously collect high-resolution water velocity and echo intensity profiles in the Chicago River at Columbus Drive. During the observation period, 28 gravity current events were identified, lasting a total of 77% of the time. Sixteen of these events were generated by underflows from the NB and 12 of these events were generated by overflows from the NB. On average, the duration of the underflow and overflow events was 52.3 and 42.1 h, respectively. A detailed analysis of one underflow event, which started on January 7, 2004, and lasted about 65h, was performed. This is the first time that ADCP technology has been used to continuously monitor gravity currents in a river. ?? 2007 ASCE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1356)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C., Oberg, K., and Garcia, M., 2007, ADCP measurements of gravity currents in the Chicago River, Illinois: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 133, no. 12, p. 1356-1366, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1356).","startPage":"1356","endPage":"1366","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211314,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1356)"},{"id":238583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e626e4b0c8380cd471bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, C.M.","contributorId":84159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, K.","contributorId":60376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, M.H.","contributorId":45079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029799,"text":"70029799 - 2007 - Development of a spatial analysis method using ground-based repeat photography to detect changes in the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-16T07:25:06","indexId":"70029799","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a spatial analysis method using ground-based repeat photography to detect changes in the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Repeat photography is a powerful tool for detection of landscape change over decadal timescales. Here a novel method is presented that applies spatial analysis software to digital photo-pairs, allowing vegetation change to be categorized and quantified. This method is applied to 12 sites within the alpine treeline ecotone of Glacier National Park, Montana, and is used to examine vegetation changes over timescales ranging from 71 to 93 years. Tree cover at the treeline ecotone increased in 10 out of the 12 photo-pairs (mean increase of 60%). Establishment occurred at all sites, infilling occurred at 11 sites. To demonstrate the utility of this method, patterns of tree establishment at treeline are described and the possible causes of changes within the treeline ecotone are discussed. Local factors undoubtedly affect the magnitude and type of the observed changes, however the ubiquity of the increase in tree cover implies a common forcing mechanism. Mean minimum summer temperatures have increased by 1.5??C over the past century and, coupled with variations in the amount of early spring snow water equivalent, likely account for much of the increase in tree cover at the treeline ecotone. Lastly, shortcomings of this method are presented along with possible solutions and areas for future research. ?? 2007 Regents of the University of Colorado.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR)","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[297:DOASAM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15230430","usgsCitation":"Roush, W., Munroe, J.S., and Fagre, D., 2007, Development of a spatial analysis method using ground-based repeat photography to detect changes in the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 39, no. 2, p. 297-308, https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[297:DOASAM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"308","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488075,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[297:doasam]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[297:DOASAM]2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.16943359374999,\n              47.73932336136857\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.16943359374999,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9501953125,\n              49.023461463214126\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9501953125,\n              47.73932336136857\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.16943359374999,\n              47.73932336136857\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0044e4b0c8380cd4f695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roush, W.","contributorId":17887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roush","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munroe, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":24175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munroe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029738,"text":"70029738 - 2007 - At-sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: A 20-year comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-02T08:44:55","indexId":"70029738","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"At-sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: A 20-year comparison","docAbstract":"We conducted aerial at-sea and coastal surveys to examine the distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California, from Cambria, California, to the Mexican border. From May 1999-January 2002, we flew 102 d, covered >54,640 km of transect lines, and conducted nine complete surveys of southern California in January, May, and September. We identified 54 species comprising 12 families and counted >135,000 individuals. Seabird densities were greater along island and mainland coastlines than at sea and were usually greatest in January surveys. Densities were greatest at sea near the northern Channel Islands in January and north of Point Conception in May, and lowest in the southwestern portion of the Southern California Bight in all survey months. On coastal transects, seabird densities were greatest along central and southern portions of the mainland coastline from Point Arguello to Mexico. We estimated that 981,000 ?? 144,000 (x?? ?? SE) seabirds occurred in the study area in January, 862,000 ?? 95,000 in May, and 762,000 ?? 72,000 in September. California Gulls (Larus californicus), Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis), and Cassin's Auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) were most abundant in January surveys at sea, whereas Sooty and Short-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus griseus and P. tenuirostris), phalaropes (Phalaropus spp.), and Western Gulls (Larus. occidentalis) were most abundant in May and September surveys. On coastal transects, California Gulls, Western Grebes, Western Gulls, and Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) were most abundant in January; Western Grebes, Western Gulls, Surf Scoters, and Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) were most abundant in May; and Sooty Shearwaters, Short-tailed Shearwaters, Western Gulls, Western Grebes, Brown Pelicans, and Heermann's Gulls (Larus heermanni) were most abundant in September. Compared to historical seabird densities collected in the same area two decades ago (1975-1978 and 1980-1983), abundance was lower by 14% in January, 57% in May, and 42% in September. Common Murres (Uria aalge, ???75% in each season), Sooty Shearwaters (55% in May, 27% in September), and Bonaparte's Gulls (L. Philadelphia, ???95% in each season) had lower densities. Conversely, Brown Pelicans (167% overall), Xantus's Murrelets (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus; 125% overall), Cassin's Auklets (100% overall), Ashy Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma homochroa, 450% overall) and Western Gulls (55% in May), and Brandt's Cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus, 450% in September) had greater densities. Our results indicate that seabird abundance has declined off the southern California coast in the past two decades, and these declines may be warning signs of environmental degradation in the region or effects of larger forces such as climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01979922","isbn":"0943610729; 9780943610726","usgsCitation":"Mason, J., McChesney, G., McIver, W., Carter, H., Takekawa, J.Y., Golightly, R., Ackerman, J., Orthmeyer, D., Perry, W., Yee, J., Pierson, M., and McCrary, M., 2007, At-sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: A 20-year comparison: Studies in Avian Biology, no. 33, p. 1-101.","startPage":"1","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee9ce4b0c8380cd49e6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, J.W.","contributorId":79433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McChesney, G.J.","contributorId":20936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McChesney","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIver, W.R.","contributorId":21907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIver","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, H.R.","contributorId":20680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34154,"text":"Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":424069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Golightly, R.T.","contributorId":10743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golightly","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perry, W.M.","contributorId":15949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yee, J.L.","contributorId":25496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pierson, M.O.","contributorId":96555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McCrary, M.D.","contributorId":52850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrary","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70042855,"text":"cir13065B - 2007 - Land area changes in coastal Louisiana after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T11:50:24","indexId":"cir13065B","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1306","chapter":"5B","title":"Land area changes in coastal Louisiana after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita","docAbstract":"Comparison of classified Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery acquired before and after the landfalls of Hurricanes Katrina (August 29, 2005) and Rita (September 24, 2005) demonstrated that water area increased by 217 mi<sup>2</sup> (562 km<sup>2</sup>) in coastal Louisiana. Approximately 82 mi<sup>2</sup> (212 km<sup>2</sup>) of new water areas were in areas primarily impacted by Katrina (Mississippi River Delta basin, Breton Sound basin, Pontchartrain basin, Pearl River basin), whereas 117 mi<sup>2</sup> (303 km<sup>2</sup>) were in areas primarily impacted by Rita (Calcasieu/ Sabine basin, Mermentau basin, Teche/Vermilion basin, Atchafalaya basin, Terrebonne basin). Barataria basin contained new water areas caused by both hurricanes, resulting in some 18 mi<sup>2</sup> (46.6 km<sup>2</sup>) of new water areas. The fresh marsh and intermediate marsh communities' land areas decreased by 122 mi<sup>2</sup> (316 km<sup>2</sup>) and 90 mi<sup>2</sup> (233.1 km<sup>2</sup>), respectively. The brackish marsh and saline marsh communities' land areas decreased by 33 mi<sup>2</sup> (85.5 km<sup>2</sup>) and 28 mi<sup>2</sup> (72.5 km<sup>2</sup>), respectively. These new water areas identify permanent losses caused by direct removal of wetlands. They also indicate transitory water area changes caused by remnant flooding, removal of aquatic vegetation, scouring of marsh vegetation, and water-level variation attributed to normal tidal and meteorological variation between satellite images. Permanent losses cannot be estimated until several growing seasons have passed and the transitory impacts of the hurricanes are minimized. The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary information on water area changes in coastal Louisiana acquired shortly after both hurricanes' landfalls (detectable with Landsat TM imagery) and to serve as a regional baseline for monitoring posthurricane wetland recovery.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005 (Circular 1306)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir13065B","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 5B in <i>Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005</i>.  See <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/cir1306\" target=\"_blank\">Circular 1306</a> for more information and other chapters.","usgsCitation":"Barras, J., 2007, Land area changes in coastal Louisiana after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1306, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir13065B.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1306_5b.jpg"},{"id":266484,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/pdf/c1306_ch5_b.pdf"},{"id":266485,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20061274"},{"id":266483,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.779296875,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.6376953125,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.6376953125,\n              30.50548389892728\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.779296875,\n              30.50548389892728\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.779296875,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5103b78ae4b0ce88de640a20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barras, John A. jbarras@usgs.gov","contributorId":2425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"John A.","email":"jbarras@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032926,"text":"70032926 - 2007 - Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS. I. Full-disk properties: 350-5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:37","indexId":"70032926","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS. I. Full-disk properties: 350-5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves","docAbstract":"Saturn's icy satellites are among the main scientific objectives of the Cassini-VIMS (Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) experiment. This paper contains a first systematic and comparative analysis of the full-disk spectral properties of Dione, Enceladus, Epimetheus, Hyperion, Iapetus, Mimas, Phoebe, Rhea and Tethys as observed by VIMS from July 2004 to June 2005. The disk integrated properties (350-5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves at 550-2232 nm) and images of satellites are reported and discussed in detail together with the observed geometry. In general, the spectra in the visible spectral range are almost featureless and can be classified according to the spectral slopes: from the bluish Enceladus and Phoebe to the redder Iapetus, Hyperion and Epimetheus. In the 1000-1300 nm range the spectra of Enceladus, Tethys, Mimas and Rhea are characterized by a negative slope, consistent with a surface largely dominated by water ice, while the spectra of Iapetus, Hyperion and Phoebe show a considerable reddening pointing out the relevant role played by darkening materials present on the surface. In between these two classes are Dione and Epimetheus, which have a flat spectrum in this range. The main absorption bands identified in the infrared are the 1520, 2020, 3000 nm H2O/OH bands (for all satellites), although Iapetus dark terrains show mostly a deep 3000 nm band while the 1520 and 2020 nm bands are very faint. In this spectral range, the Iapetus spectrum is characterized by a strong reddening. The CO2 band at 4260 nm and the Fresnel ice peak around 3100 nm are evident only on Hyperion, Phoebe and Iapetus. The phase curves at 550 and at 2232 nm are reported for all the available observations in the 0??-144?? range; Rhea shows an opposition surge at visible wavelengths in the 0.5??-1.17?? interval. The improvement on the retrieval of the full-disk reflectance spectra can be appreciated by a direct comparison with ground-based telescopic data available from literature. Finally, data processing strategies and recent upgrades introduced in the VIMS-V calibration pipeline (flat-field and destriping-despiking algorithm) are discussed in appendices. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.001","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Filacchione, G., Capaccioni, F., McCord, T.B., Coradini, A., Cerroni, P., Bellucci, G., Tosi, F., D’Aversa, E., Formisano, V., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Bibring, J., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Combes, M., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Showalter, M., and Newman, S., 2007, Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS. I. Full-disk properties: 350-5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves: Icarus, v. 186, no. 1, p. 259-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.001.","startPage":"259","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.001"},{"id":240906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86f8e4b08c986b316225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tosi, F.","contributorId":9472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tosi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34654,"text":"Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"D’Aversa, E.","contributorId":31949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Aversa","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Clark, R. 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P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Langevin, Y.","contributorId":24900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Matson, D. 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D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Hansen, G.","contributorId":30938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Hibbitts, K.","contributorId":89018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Showalter, M.","contributorId":85753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showalter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}}
,{"id":70030058,"text":"70030058 - 2007 - Meter-scale morphology of the north polar region of mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-27T11:39:08","indexId":"70030058","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meter-scale morphology of the north polar region of mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mars' north pole is covered by a dome of layered ice deposits. Detailed (∼30 centimeters per pixel) images of this region were obtained with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Planum Boreum basal unit scarps reveal cross-bedding and show evidence for recent mass wasting, flow, and debris accumulation. The north polar layers themselves are as thin as 10 centimeters but appear to be covered by a dusty veneer in places, which may obscure thinner layers. Repetition of particular layer types implies that quasi-periodic climate changes influenced the stratigraphic sequence in the polar layered deposits, informing models for recent climate variations on Mars.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","doi":"10.1126/science.1143544","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Herkenhoff, K.E., Byrne, S., Russell, P., Fishbaugh, K., and McEwen, A.S., 2007, Meter-scale morphology of the north polar region of mars: Science, v. 317, no. 5845, p. 1711-1715, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1143544.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1711","endPage":"1715","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"317","issue":"5845","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a551fe4b0c8380cd6d129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, S.","contributorId":105083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, P.S.","contributorId":100987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fishbaugh, K.E.","contributorId":102692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishbaugh","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":2002781,"text":"2002781 - 2007 - Research on the impacts of past and future hurricanes on the endangered Florida manatee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T12:18:11","indexId":"2002781","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1306","chapter":"6J","title":"Research on the impacts of past and future hurricanes on the endangered Florida manatee","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research on Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) from 1982 through 1998 identified lower apparent survival rates for adult manatees during years when Hurricane Elena (1985), the March \"Storm of the Century\"(1993), and Hurricane Opal (1995) hit the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Although our analysis showed that a significant number of our monitored individual manatees failed to return to their winter homes after these storms, their actual fate remains unknown. With the aid of new satellite technology to track manatees during storms and new statistical techniques to determine survival and emigration rates, researchers are working to understand how hurricanes impact the endangered species by studying manatees caught in the path of the destructive hurricanes of 2004 and 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005 (Circular 1306)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/2002781","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 6J in <i>Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005</i>.  See <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/cir1306\" target=\"_blank\">Circular 1306</a> for more information and other chapters.","usgsCitation":"Langtimm, C.A., Krohn, M.D., Stith, B., Reid, J.P., Beck, C., and Butler, S., 2007, Research on the impacts of past and future hurricanes on the endangered Florida manatee: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1306, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/2002781.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1306_6j.jpg"},{"id":266869,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/"},{"id":91982,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1306/pdf/c1306_ch6_j.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"North America","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0963,24.5211 ], [ -88.0963,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,24.5211 ], [ -88.0963,24.5211 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bd48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohn, M. Dennis dkrohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"M.","email":"dkrohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Dennis","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stith, Bradley bstith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"Bradley","email":"bstith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, James P. 0000-0002-8497-1132 jreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":3460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"James","email":"jreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beck, C.A. 0000-0002-5388-5418","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":78674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butler, Susan M. 0000-0003-3676-9332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-9332","contributorId":46650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Susan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":86139,"text":"ofr20071425 - 2007 - Increase in nuisance blooms and geographic expansion of the freshwater diatom <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T12:54:14","indexId":"ofr20071425","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1425","title":"Increase in nuisance blooms and geographic expansion of the freshwater diatom <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The diatom <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i> (Lyngbye) Schmidt is emerging as an organism with an extraordinary capacity to impact stream ecosystems on a global scale. In recent years, streams in New Zealand, North America, Europe, and Asia have been colonized by unprecedented masses of &ldquo;didymo&rdquo; and its extracellular stalks (fig. 1). This diatom is able to dominate stream surfaces by covering up to 100 percent of substrate with thicknesses of greater than 20 cm, greatly altering physical and biological conditions within streams. This species is expanding its geographic range in North America and the rate that nuisance blooms are reported by the public and local media are increasing, yet little scientific investigation of the phenomenon in North America has been initiated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071425","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federation of Fly Fishers","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, S., and Elwell, E., 2007, Increase in nuisance blooms and geographic expansion of the freshwater diatom <i>Didymosphenia geminata</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1425, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071425.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":147203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071425.PNG"},{"id":320219,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1425/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e449c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, S. A. 0000-0002-9787-7743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":74390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elwell, E.","contributorId":169676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elwell","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030888,"text":"70030888 - 2007 - Spatial and temporal variations in silver contamination and toxicity in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T18:50:04","indexId":"70030888","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variations in silver contamination and toxicity in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Although San Francisco Bay has a \"Golden Gate\", it may be argued that it is the \"Silver Estuary\". For at one time the Bay was reported to have the highest levels of silver in its sediments and biota, along with the only accurately measured values of silver in solution, of any estuarine system. Since then others have argued that silver contamination is higher elsewhere (e.g., New York Bight, Florida Bay, Galveston Bay) in a peculiar form of pollution machismo, while silver contamination has measurably declined in sediments, biota, and surface waters of the Bay over the past two to three decades. Documentation of those systemic temporal declines has been possible because of long-term, ongoing monitoring programs, using rigorous trace metal clean sampling and analytical techniques, of the United States Geological Survey and San Francisco Bay Regional Monitoring Program that are summarized in this report. However, recent toxicity studies with macro-invertebrates in the Bay have indicated that silver may still be adversely affecting the health of the estuarine system, and other studies have indicated that silver concentrations in the Bay may be increasing due to new industrial inputs and/or the diagenetic remobilization of silver from historically contaminated sediments being re-exposed to overlying surface waters and benthos. Consequently, the Bay may not be ready to relinquish its title as the \"Silver Estuary\".</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2007.05.006","issn":"00139351","usgsCitation":"Flegal, A., Brown, C.L., Squire, S., Ross, J., Scelfo, G., and Hibdon, S., 2007, Spatial and temporal variations in silver contamination and toxicity in San Francisco Bay: Environmental Research, v. 105, no. 1, p. 34-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.05.006.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211693,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2007.05.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74362182617188,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              38.238180119798635\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64862060546875,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b945ae4b08c986b31aa18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flegal, A.R.","contributorId":64607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flegal","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Cynthia L. clbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Cynthia","email":"clbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Squire, S.","contributorId":79289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squire","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, J.R.M.","contributorId":75756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"J.R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scelfo, G.M.","contributorId":24993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scelfo","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hibdon, S.","contributorId":45113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibdon","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031648,"text":"70031648 - 2007 - A ~25 ka Indian Ocean monsoon variability record from the Andaman Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-06T09:33:14","indexId":"70031648","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A ~25 ka Indian Ocean monsoon variability record from the Andaman Sea","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent paleoclimatic work on terrestrial and marine deposits from Asia and the Indian Ocean has indicated abrupt changes in the strength of the Asian monsoon during the last deglaciation. Comparison of marine paleoclimate records that track salinity changes from Asian rivers can help evaluate the coherence of the Indian Ocean monsoon (IOM) with the larger Asian monsoon. Here we present paired Mg/Ca and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O data on the planktic foraminifer&nbsp;</span><i>Globigerinoides ruber</i><span>&nbsp;(white) from Andaman Sea core RC12-344 that provide records of sea-surface temperature (SST) and &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of seawater (&delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>sw</sub><span>) over the past 25,000 years (ka) before present (BP). Age control is based on nine accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates on mixed planktic foraminifera. Mg/Ca-SST data indicate that SST was &sim;3&nbsp;&deg;C cooler during the last glacial maximum (LGM) than the late Holocene. Andaman Sea &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>sw</sub><span>&nbsp;exhibited higher than present values during the Lateglacial interval ca 19&ndash;15&nbsp;ka&nbsp;BP and briefly during the Younger Dryas ca 12&nbsp;ka&nbsp;BP. Lower than present &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>sw</sub><span>&nbsp;values during the B&Oslash;lling/Aller&Oslash;d ca 14.5&ndash;12.6&nbsp;ka&nbsp;BP and during the early Holocene ca 10.8&ndash;5.5&nbsp;ka&nbsp;BP are interpreted to indicate lower salinity, reflect some combination of decreased evaporation&ndash;precipitation (E&ndash;P) over the Andaman Sea and increased Irrawaddy River outflow. Our results are consistent with the suggestion that IOM intensity was stronger than present during the B&Oslash;lling/Aller&Oslash;d and early Holocene, and weaker during the late glaciation, Younger Dryas, and the late Holocene. These findings support the hypothesis that rapid climate change during the last deglaciation and Holocene included substantial hydrologic changes in the IOM system that were coherent with the larger Asian monsoon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.07.002","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Rashid, I., Flower, B., Poore, R., and Quinn, T.M., 2007, A ~25 ka Indian Ocean monsoon variability record from the Andaman Sea: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 26, no. 19-21, p. 2586-2597, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.07.002.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2586","endPage":"2597","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.07.002"}],"otherGeospatial":"Andaman Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              92.3291015625,\n              5.090944175033399\n            ],\n            [\n              92.3291015625,\n              17.26672782352052\n            ],\n            [\n              100.546875,\n              17.26672782352052\n            ],\n            [\n              100.546875,\n              5.090944175033399\n            ],\n            [\n              92.3291015625,\n              5.090944175033399\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"19-21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5523ae2de4b027f0aee3d121","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rashid, I.","contributorId":53600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rashid","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flower, B.P.","contributorId":7301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flower","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinn, T. M.","contributorId":71320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031637,"text":"70031637 - 2007 - Nucularcidae: A new family of palaeotaxodont Ordovician pelecypods (Mollusca) from North America and Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031637","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nucularcidae: A new family of palaeotaxodont Ordovician pelecypods (Mollusca) from North America and Australia","docAbstract":"The new Ordovician palaeotaxodont family Nucularcidae and the new genus Nucularca are described. Included in Nucularca are four previously described species that have taxodont dentition: N. cingulata (Ulrich) (the type species), N. pectunculoides (Hall), N. lorrainensis (Foerste), and N. gorensis (Foerste). All four species are of Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian; Katian) age and occur in eastern Canada and the northeastern USA. Ctenodonta borealis Foerste is regarded as a subjective synonym of Nucularca lorrainensis. No new species names are proposed. The Nucularcidae includes the genera Nucularca and Sthenodonta Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson (1977). Sthenodonta occurs in central Australia in rocks of Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) age. The 12 family group names previously proposed for Ordovician palaeotaxodonts having taxodont dentition are reviewed and evaluated in the Appendix. ?? 2007 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/E07-028","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Pojeta, J., and Stott, C., 2007, Nucularcidae: A new family of palaeotaxodont Ordovician pelecypods (Mollusca) from North America and Australia: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 44, no. 10, p. 1479-1501, https://doi.org/10.1139/E07-028.","startPage":"1479","endPage":"1501","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/E07-028"},{"id":239636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68d7e4b0c8380cd73a19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pojeta, J. Jr.","contributorId":55150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pojeta","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stott, C.A.","contributorId":85403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031641,"text":"70031641 - 2007 - Behavior of tunnel form buildings under quasi-static cyclic lateral loading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T17:25:58.336508","indexId":"70031641","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3485,"text":"Structural Engineering and Mechanics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavior of tunnel form buildings under quasi-static cyclic lateral loading","docAbstract":"In this paper, experimental investigations on the inelastic seismic behavior of tunnel form buildings (i.e., box-type or panel systems) are presented. Two four-story scaled building specimens were tested under quasi-static cyclic lateral loading in longitudinal and transverse directions. The experimental results and supplemental finite element simulations collectively indicate that lightly reinforced structural walls of tunnel form buildings may exhibit brittle flexural failure under seismic action. The global tension/compression couple triggers this failure mechanism by creating pure axial tension in outermost shear-walls. This type of failure takes place due to rupturing of longitudinal reinforcement without crushing of concrete, therefore is of particular interest in emphasizing the mode of failure that is not routinely considered during seismic design of shear-wall dominant structural systems.","language":"English","publisher":"KoreaScience","doi":"10.12989/sem.2007.27.1.099","usgsCitation":"Yuksel, S., and Kalkan, E., 2007, Behavior of tunnel form buildings under quasi-static cyclic lateral loading: Structural Engineering and Mechanics, v. 27, no. 1, p. 99-115, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2007.27.1.099.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0a2e4b0c8380cd4a811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuksel, S.B.","contributorId":67202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuksel","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, E. 0000-0002-9138-9407","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":8212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030149,"text":"70030149 - 2007 - Stress does not inhibit induced vitellogenesis in juvenile rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030149","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress does not inhibit induced vitellogenesis in juvenile rainbow trout","docAbstract":"Vitellogenin (Vtg) is a widely used biomarker for xenoestrogen exposure in male fishes. In female fishes Vtg can be negatively affected by stress independent of declines in estrogen. However, few data are available on the effect of stress in male fish abnormally producing Vtg, such as when exposed to xenoestrogens. The objective for these studies was to determine the effects of stress on fish forced to produce Vtg. Three weeks prior to the experiment immature juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were acclimated to the experimental tanks and fed a maintenance ration. We induced Vtg synthesis by injecting 17??-estradiol (E2) 7 days prior to experimentation. Treatments in duplicate tanks were: (1) no stressor; (2) stressor; (3) E 2; (4) E2 and stressor. Plasma was collected at time = 0 for baseline measurements from eight fish per tank and Vtg was significantly elevated in treated fish compared to uninjected controls. Water was drained from the stressor tanks then refilled to a level that just covered the backs of the fish. Eight fish were sampled again at 4 and 9 h, and 1, 7, and 14 days of continuous stress. Stressor tanks were refilled with water to pre-stress levels and the fish were sampled after another 2 weeks. Cortisol was significantly elevated from the unstressed fish at 4 h; however, plasma Vtg in the E 2-stimulated fish was not affected by the stressor at any timepoint. These results indicate that fish capture procedures employed in the field or caging experiments likely do not lead to false negative results when plasma Vtg is used as a biomarker for xenoestrogen exposure. It also suggests that the energetic load induced by stress is insufficient to cause a reduction in Vtg, during a continuous E2 administration, at least within the timepoints examined in this study. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-006-9144-y","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Schwindt, A., Feist, G., and Schreck, C., 2007, Stress does not inhibit induced vitellogenesis in juvenile rainbow trout: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 80, no. 4, p. 453-463, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9144-y.","startPage":"453","endPage":"463","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212908,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9144-y"}],"volume":"80","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b56e4b08c986b31cdf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwindt, A.R.","contributorId":51091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwindt","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feist, G.W.","contributorId":46261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feist","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030153,"text":"70030153 - 2007 - A multidisciplinary study of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Mussentuchit Wash, Utah: a determination of the paleoenvironment and paleoecology of the Eolambia caroljonesa dinosaur quarry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:09","indexId":"70030153","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multidisciplinary study of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Mussentuchit Wash, Utah: a determination of the paleoenvironment and paleoecology of the Eolambia caroljonesa dinosaur quarry","docAbstract":"A quarry within the Cedar Mountain Formation in Mussentuchit Wash, Emery County, Utah, produced a fossil assemblage containing the remains of at least eight juvenile iguanodontid dinosaurs (Eolambia caroljonesa). The Cedar Mountain Formation lies stratigraphically between the Tithonian-Berriasian (Upper Jurassic) Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation and the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) Dakota Formation. Detailed stratigraphic, sedimentological, geochronological, palynological, and paleontological data have been collected along a measured section at the site of the Cifelli #2 Eolambia caroljonesa Quarry. These data provide a chronostratigraphic and a biostratigraphic framework for the Cedar Mountain Formation and allow a detailed reconstruction of the paleoenvironment and the paleoecology of the local paleogeographic area from which E. caroljonesa have been recovered. Three 40Ar/39Ar ages ranging from 96.7 to 98.5 Ma have been obtained three stratigraphically distinct altered volcanic ash layers within the Mussentuchit Member, one of which passes through the E. caroljonesa quarry, that indicate that the quarry is latest Albian in age and that the stratigraphic boundary between the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation and the overlying Dakota Formation is at or near the Albian/Cenomanian boundary. Sedimentological and biostratigraphic data suggest that significant long-term and short-term climatic changes are recorded in the Cedar Mountain Formation. During deposition of the lower part of the formation, climatic conditions were warm and arid to semi-arid. During deposition of the upper part of the formation, conditions became more humid. The progressive change in climatic conditions was probably related to the transgression of the Mowry Sea from the north. Cyclic sedimentation in the Mussentuchit Member suggests high-frequency changes from wet to dry periods. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cretaceous Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cretres.2006.07.007","issn":"01956671","usgsCitation":"Garrison, J., Brinkman, D., Nichols, D.J., Layer, P., Burge, D., and Thayn, D., 2007, A multidisciplinary study of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Mussentuchit Wash, Utah: a determination of the paleoenvironment and paleoecology of the Eolambia caroljonesa dinosaur quarry: Cretaceous Research, v. 28, no. 3, p. 461-494, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2006.07.007.","startPage":"461","endPage":"494","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212968,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2006.07.007"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48de4b0c8380cd466fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, J.R. Jr.","contributorId":72941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"J.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brinkman, D.","contributorId":76550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Layer, P.","contributorId":55188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burge, D.","contributorId":93280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burge","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thayn, D.","contributorId":108318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thayn","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030155,"text":"70030155 - 2007 - Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from the Colorado River and its tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T15:32:32","indexId":"70030155","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from the Colorado River and its tributaries","docAbstract":"<p>Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), black bass (Micropterus spp.), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were collected from 14 sites in the Colorado River Basin (CRB) to document spatial trends in accumulative contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarkers. Organochlorine residues, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ), and elemental contaminants were measured in composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site. Selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish were elevated throughout the CRB, and pesticide concentrations were greatest in fish from agricultural areas in the Lower Colorado River and Gila River. Selenium concentrations exceeded toxicity thresholds for fish (&gt; 1.0????g/g ww) at all CRB sites except the Gila River at Hayden, Arizona. Mercury concentrations were elevated (&gt; 0.1????g/g ww) in fish from the Yampa River at Lay, Colorado; the Green River at Ouray National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Utah and San Rafael, Utah; the San Juan River at Hogback Diversion, New Mexico; and the Colorado River at Gold Bar Canyon, Utah, Needles, California, and Imperial Dam, Arizona. Concentrations of p,p???-DDE were relatively high in fish from the Gila River at Arlington, Arizona (&gt; 1.0????g/g ww) and Phoenix, Arizona (&gt; 0.5????g/g ww). Concentrations of other formerly used pesticides including toxaphene, total chlordanes, and dieldrin were also greatest at these two sites but did not exceed toxicity thresholds. Currently used pesticides such as Dacthal, endosulfan, ??-HCH, and methoxychlor were also greatest in fish from the Gila River downstream of Phoenix. Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; &gt; 0.11????g/g ww) and TCDD-EQs (&gt; 5??pg/g ww) exceeded wildlife guidelines in fish from the Gila River at Phoenix. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was also relatively high in carp from the Gila River at Phoenix and in bass from the Green River at Ouray NWR. Fish from some sites showed evidence of contaminant exposure as indicated by fish health indicators and reproductive biomarker results. Multiple health indicators including altered body and organ weights and high health assessment index scores may be associated with elevated Se concentrations in fish from the Colorado River at Loma, Colorado and Needles. Although grossly visible external or internal lesions were found on most fish from some sites, histopathological analysis determined many of these to be inflammatory responses associated with parasites. Edema, exophthalmos, and cataracts were noted in fish from sites with elevated Se concentrations. Intersex fish were found at seven of 14 sites and included smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu), largemouth bass (M. salmoides), catfish, and carp and may indicate exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds. A high proportion of smallmouth bass from the Yampa River at Lay (70%) was intersex but the cause of this condition is unknown. Male carp, bass, and catfish with low concentrations of vitellogenin were common in the CRB. Comparatively high vitellogenin concentrations (&gt; 0.2??mg/mL) were measured in male bass from the Green River at Ouray NWR and the Colorado River at Imperial Dam and indicate exposure to estrogenic or anti-androgenic chemicals. Anomalous reproductive biomarkers including low GSI and gonadal abnormalities (calcifications, edema, and parasites) observed in fish downstream of Phoenix are likely related to the poor water-quality of the Gila River in this area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.032","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J., Blazer, V., Denslow, N., Echols, K.R., Gross, T., May, T., Anderson, P., Coyle, J., and Tillitt, D.E., 2007, Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from the Colorado River and its tributaries: Science of the Total Environment, v. 378, no. 3, p. 376-402, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.032.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.032"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.1494140625,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25878906249999,\n              40.38002840251183\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.23681640625,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.3134765625,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.57666015625,\n              36.65079252503471\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.71923828124999,\n              36.65079252503471\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.09277343749999,\n              35.47856499535729\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.42236328124999,\n              33.00866349457558\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.42236328124999,\n              32.657875736955305\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.873046875,\n              31.31610138349565\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.99414062499999,\n              32.861132322810946\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6982421875,\n              33.33970700424026\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.40185546874999,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.03955078125,\n              37.71859032558816\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              38.444984668894705\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.11669921875,\n              40.76390128094589\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.1494140625,\n              40.730608477796636\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"378","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f571e4b0c8380cd4c21c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, J.E.","contributorId":47560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Echols, K. R.","contributorId":32637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, P.J.","contributorId":83058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coyle, J.J.","contributorId":64440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coyle","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70030180,"text":"70030180 - 2007 - A genetic assessment of the recovery units for the mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-06T12:14:47.9642","indexId":"70030180","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1210,"text":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A genetic assessment of the recovery units for the mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii","docAbstract":"In the 1994 Recovery Plan for the Mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, the US Fish and Wildlife Service established 6 recovery units by using the best available data on habitat use, behavior, morphology, and genetics. To further assess the validity of the recovery units, we analyzed genetic data by using mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) sequences and nuclear DNA microsatellites. In total, 125 desert tortoises were sampled for mtDNA and 628 for microsatellites from 31 study sites, representing all recovery units and desert regions throughout the Mojave Desert in California and Utah, and the Colorado Desert of California. The mtDNA revealed a great divergence between the Mojave populations west of the Colorado River and those occurring east of the river in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. Some divergence also occurred between northern and southern populations within the Mojave population. The microsatellites indicated a low frequency of private alleles and a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance among 31 sample sites, which was consistent with an isolation-by-distance population structure. Regional genetic differentiation was complementary to the recovery units in the Recovery Plan. Most allelic frequencies in the recovery units differed. An assignment test correctly placed most individuals to their recovery unit of origin. Of the 6 recovery units, the Northeastern and the Upper Virgin River units showed the greatest differentiation; these units may have been relatively more isolated than other areas and should be managed accordingly. The Western Mojave Recovery Unit, by using the new genetic data, was redefined along regional boundaries into the Western Mojave, Central Mojave, and Southern Mojave recovery units. Large-scale translocations of tortoises and habitat disturbance throughout the 20th century may have contributed to the observed patterns of regional similarity. ?? 2007 Chelonian Research Foundation.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[229:AGAOTR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10718443","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R., Berry, K., Edwards, T., and McLuckie, A., 2007, A genetic assessment of the recovery units for the mojave population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii: Chelonian Conservation and Biology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 229-251, https://doi.org/10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[229:AGAOTR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2744/1071-8443(2007)6[229:agaotr]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.82887195343143,\n              36.14319621654907\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.82887195343143,\n              33.116789670872976\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.01757814690296,\n              33.116789670872976\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.01757814690296,\n              36.14319621654907\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.82887195343143,\n              36.14319621654907\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3f1e4b0c8380cd462f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, R. W.","contributorId":89840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, T.","contributorId":59743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLuckie, A.M.","contributorId":78107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLuckie","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030183,"text":"70030183 - 2007 - A classification of U.S. estuaries based on physical and hydrologic attributes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030183","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A classification of U.S. estuaries based on physical and hydrologic attributes","docAbstract":"A classification of U.S. estuaries is presented based on estuarine characteristics that have been identified as important for quantifying stressor-response relationships in coastal systems. Estuaries within a class have similar physical and hydrologic characteristics and would be expected to demonstrate similar biological responses to stressor loads from the adjacent watersheds. Nine classes of estuaries were identified by applying cluster analysis to a database for 138 U.S. estuarine drainage areas. The database included physical measures of estuarine areas, depth and volume, as well as hydrologic parameters (i.e., tide height, tidal prism volume, freshwater inflow rates, salinity, and temperature). The ability of an estuary to dilute or flush pollutants can be estimated using physical and hydrologic properties such as volume, bathymetry, freshwater inflow and tidal exchange rates which influence residence time and affect pollutant loading rates. Thus, physical and hydrologic characteristics can be used to estimate the susceptibility of estuaries to pollutant effects. This classification of estuaries can be used by natural resource managers to describe and inventory coastal systems, understand stressor impacts, predict which systems are most sensitive to stressors, and manage and protect coastal resources. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-9372-9","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Engle, V., Kurtz, J., Smith, L., Chancy, C., and Bourgeois, P., 2007, A classification of U.S. estuaries based on physical and hydrologic attributes: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 129, no. 1-3, p. 397-412, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9372-9.","startPage":"397","endPage":"412","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211995,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9372-9"},{"id":239392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e342e4b0c8380cd45ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, V.D.","contributorId":15562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"V.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurtz, J.C.","contributorId":63616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, L.M.","contributorId":82650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chancy, C.","contributorId":72202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chancy","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bourgeois, P.","contributorId":94498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeois","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030187,"text":"70030187 - 2007 - Multiple-method estimation of recharge rates at diverse locations in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T10:59:46","indexId":"70030187","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple-method estimation of recharge rates at diverse locations in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, USA","docAbstract":"Recharge rates determined at diverse study sites in a shallow, unconfined aquifer differed from one another depending on the analytical method used and on each method's applicability and limitations. Total recharge was quantified with saturated-zone methods using water-table fluctuations at seven sites in North Carolina, USA and using groundwater-age dating at three of the seven sites; at two of the sites, potential recharge was quantified with an unsaturated-zone method using Darcy's law; and at five of the sites, net recharge was quantified with a stream hydrograph-separation method using streamflow-recession curves. Historical mean net recharge was 25 to 69% of the historical total recharge rates. The large disparity is attributed to groundwater losses between recharge and discharge areas, primarily by evapotranspiration and seepage to underlying aquifers. The spatial distribution of historical mean annual total recharge did not vary between landscape units, as suggested in a previous study. Similarly, total recharge did not correlate significantly with mean annual rainfall, mean annual water table depth, or the surficial soil properties of percent clay and bulk density. Total recharge did correlate significantly with the surficial soil properties of percent sand and percent silt. ?? Springer-Verlag 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-006-0123-3","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Coes, A., Spruill, T., and Thomasson, M., 2007, Multiple-method estimation of recharge rates at diverse locations in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 15, no. 4, p. 773-788, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0123-3.","startPage":"773","endPage":"788","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212029,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0123-3"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              33.568861182555565\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              36.57142382346277\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.30029296875,\n              36.57142382346277\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.30029296875,\n              33.568861182555565\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              33.568861182555565\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a608be4b0c8380cd71521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coes, A. L. 0000-0001-6682-5417","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-5417","contributorId":61529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coes","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spruill, T.B.","contributorId":76747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruill","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomasson, M.J.","contributorId":67286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomasson","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030188,"text":"70030188 - 2007 - Urbanization and nutrient retention in freshwater riparian wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030188","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urbanization and nutrient retention in freshwater riparian wetlands","docAbstract":"Urbanization can degrade water quality and alter watershed hydrology, with profound effects on the structure and function of both riparian wetlands (RWs) and aquatic ecosystems downstream. We used freshwater RWs in Fairfax County, Virginia, USA, as a model system to examine: (1) the effects of increasing urbanization (indexed by the percentage of impervious surface cover [%ISC] in the surrounding watershed) on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in surface soils and plant tissues, soil P saturation, and soil iron (Fe) chemistry; and (2) relationships between RW soil and plant nutrient chemistries vs. the physical and biotic integrity of adjacent streams. Soil total P and NaOH-extractable P (representing P bound to aluminum [Al] and Fe hydrous oxides) varied significantly but nonlinearly with %ISC (r2 = 0.69 and 0.57, respectively); a similar pattern was found for soil P saturation but not for soil total N. Relationships were best described by second-order polynomial equations. Riparian wetlands appear to receive greater P loads in moderately (8.6-13.3% ISC) than in highly (25.1-29.1% ISC) urbanized watersheds. These observations are consistent with alterations in watershed hydrology that occur with increasing urbanization, directing water and nutrient flows away from natural RWs. Significant increases in total and crystalline soil Fe (r 2 = 0.57 and 0.53, respectively) and decreases in relative soil Fe crystallinity with increasing %ISC suggest the mobilization and deposition of terrestrial sediments in RWs, likely due to construction activities in the surrounding watershed. Increases in RW plant tissue nutrient concentrations and %ISC in the surrounding watershed were negatively correlated with standard indices of the physical and biotic integrity of adjacent streams. In combination, these data suggest that nutrient and sediment inputs associated with urbanization and storm-water management are important variables that affect wetland ecosystem services, such as water quality improvement, in urbanizing landscapes. ?? 2007 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/06-0185","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Hogan, D., and Walbridge, M., 2007, Urbanization and nutrient retention in freshwater riparian wetlands: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 4, p. 1142-1155, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0185.","startPage":"1142","endPage":"1155","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212057,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-0185"},{"id":239468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe40e4b08c986b3294a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, D.M.","contributorId":106711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walbridge, M.R.","contributorId":80488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walbridge","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030189,"text":"70030189 - 2007 - Estimating superpopulation size and annual probability of breeding for pond-breeding salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030189","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating superpopulation size and annual probability of breeding for pond-breeding salamanders","docAbstract":"It has long been accepted that amphibians can skip breeding in any given year, and environmental conditions act as a cue for breeding. In this paper, we quantify temporary emigration or nonbreeding probability for mole and spotted salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum and A. maculatum). We estimated that 70% of mole salamanders may skip breeding during an average rainfall year and 90% may skip during a drought year. Spotted salamanders may be more likely to breed, with only 17% avoiding the breeding pond during an average rainfall year. We illustrate how superpopulations can be estimated using temporary emigration probability estimates. The superpopulation is the total number of salamanders associated with a given breeding pond. Although most salamanders stay within a certain distance of a breeding pond for the majority of their life spans, it is difficult to determine true overall population sizes for a given site if animals are only captured during a brief time frame each year with some animals unavailable for capture at any time during a given year. ?? 2007 by The Herpetologists' League, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[151:ESSAAP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00180831","usgsCitation":"Kinkead, K., and Otis, D.L., 2007, Estimating superpopulation size and annual probability of breeding for pond-breeding salamanders: Herpetologica, v. 63, no. 2, p. 151-162, https://doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[151:ESSAAP]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"151","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[151:ESSAAP]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b4be4b0c8380cd52671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinkead, K.E.","contributorId":25359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinkead","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":64396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030190,"text":"70030190 - 2007 - Seismic velocity structure and seismotectonics of the eastern San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-10T11:08:16.364304","indexId":"70030190","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic velocity structure and seismotectonics of the eastern San Francisco Bay region, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Hayward Fault System is considered the most likely fault system in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, to produce a major earthquake in the next 30 years. To better understand this fault system, we use microseismicity to study its structure and kinematics. We present a new 3D seismic-velocity model for the eastern San Francisco Bay region, using microseismicity and controlled sources, which reveals a ∼10% velocity contrast across the Hayward fault in the upper 10 km, with higher velocity in the Franciscan Complex to the west relative to the Great Valley Sequence to the east. This contrast is imaged more sharply in our localized model than in previous regional-scale models. Thick Cenozoic sedimentary basins, such as the Livermore basin, which may experience particularly strong shaking during an earthquake, are imaged in the model.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120060032","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J., Michael, A., and Brocher, T., 2007, Seismic velocity structure and seismotectonics of the eastern San Francisco Bay region, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 3, p. 826-842, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060032.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"826","endPage":"842","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.09890285663033,\n              38.418772287805865\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.09890285663033,\n              37.186710878757324\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47362362473098,\n              37.186710878757324\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.47362362473098,\n              38.418772287805865\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.09890285663033,\n              38.418772287805865\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b76e4b08c986b317850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, J.L.","contributorId":98862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030191,"text":"70030191 - 2007 - Assessing the concentration, speciation, and toxicity of dissolved metals during mixing of acid-mine drainage and ambient river water downstream of the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Vermont, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:42:31","indexId":"70030191","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the concentration, speciation, and toxicity of dissolved metals during mixing of acid-mine drainage and ambient river water downstream of the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Vermont, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The authors determine the composition of a river that is impacted by acid-mine drainage, evaluate dominant physical and geochemical processes controlling the composition, and assess dissolved metal speciation and toxicity using a combination of laboratory, field and modeling studies. Values of pH increase from 3.3 to 7.6 and the sum of dissolved base metal (Cd&nbsp;+&nbsp;Co&nbsp;+&nbsp;Cu&nbsp;+&nbsp;Ni&nbsp;+&nbsp;Pb&nbsp;+&nbsp;Zn) concentrations decreases from 6270 to 100&nbsp;μg/L in the dynamic mixing and reaction zone that is downstream of the river’s confluence with acid-mine drainage. Mixing diagrams and PHREEQC calculations indicate that mixing and dilution affect the concentrations of all dissolved elements in the reach, and are the dominant processes controlling dissolved Ca, K, Li, Mn and SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations. Additionally, dissolved Al and Fe concentrations decrease due to mineral precipitation (gibbsite, schwertmannite and ferrihydrite), whereas dissolved concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn decrease due to adsorption onto newly formed Fe precipitates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.02.005","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., Seal, R., Piatak, N., and Paul, B., 2007, Assessing the concentration, speciation, and toxicity of dissolved metals during mixing of acid-mine drainage and ambient river water downstream of the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Vermont, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 5, p. 930-952, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.02.005.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"930","endPage":"952","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212085,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.02.005"},{"id":239503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Elizabeth Copper Mine","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede7e4b0c8380cd49abc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatak, N.M. 0000-0002-1973-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":46636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paul, B.","contributorId":72950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030194,"text":"70030194 - 2007 - Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030194","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA","docAbstract":"Recent studies have demonstrated that fish feeds contain significant concentrations of contaminants, many of which can bioaccumulate and bioconcentrate in fish. Organochlorine (OC) contaminants are present in the fish oils and fish meals used in feed manufacture, and some researchers speculate that all fish feeds contain measurable levels of some contaminants. To determine the concentration of contaminants in feeds used in US Fish and Wildlife Service's National Fish Hatcheries, we systematically collected samples of feed from 11 cold-water fish hatcheries. All samples (collected from October 2001 to October 2003) contained at least one polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener, or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolite. Of the 55 samples in which they were analyzed 39 contained PCDDs, 24 contained PCDFs and 24 contained DDT or its metabolites. There were 10- to 150-fold differences in concentrations of total PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs and DDT. Although PCBs were the most commonly detected contaminant in our study, concentrations (range: 0.07-10.46 ng g-1 wet weight) were low compared to those reported previously. In general, we also found lower levels of OCs than reported previously in fish feed. Perhaps most notable was the near absence of OC pesticides - except for DDT or its metabolites, and two samples containing hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). While contaminant concentrations were generally low, the ecological impacts can not be determined without a measure of the bioaccumulation of these compounds in the fish and the fate of these compounds after the fish are released. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.029","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., Gannam, A., and Davis, J., 2007, Chemical contaminants in fish feeds used in federal salmonid hatcheries in the USA: Chemosphere, v. 67, no. 7, p. 1308-1315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.029.","startPage":"1308","endPage":"1315","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212139,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.029"},{"id":239575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f570e4b0c8380cd4c215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannam, A.L.","contributorId":81651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannam","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.W.","contributorId":64626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}