{"pageNumber":"236","pageRowStart":"5875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16449,"records":[{"id":70035172,"text":"70035172 - 2008 - Application of a geomorphic and temporal perspective to wetland management in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:35:10","indexId":"70035172","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a geomorphic and temporal perspective to wetland management in North America","docAbstract":"The failure of managed wetlands to provide a broad suite of ecosystem services (e.g., carbon storage, wildlife habitat, ground-water recharge, storm-water retention) valuable to society is primarily the result of a lack of consideration of ecosystem processes that maintain productive wetland ecosystems or physical and social forces that restrict a manager's ability to apply actions that allow those processes to occur. Therefore, we outline a course of action that considers restoration of ecosystem processes in those systems where off-site land use or physical alterations restrict local management. Upon considering a wetland system, or examining a particular management regime, there are several factors that will allow successful restoration of wetland services. An initial step is examination of the political/social factors that have structured the current ecological condition and whether those realities can be addressed. Most successful restorations of wetland ecosystem services involve cooperation among multiple agencies, acquisition of funds from non-traditional sources, seeking of scientific advice on ecosystem processes, and cultivation of good working relationships among biologists, managers, and maintenance staff. Beyond that, in on-site wetland situations, management should examine the existing hydrogeomorphic situation and processes (e.g., climatic variation, tides, riverine flood-pulse events) responsible for maintenance of ecosystem services within a given temporal framework appropriate for that wetland's hydrologic pattern. We discuss these processes for five major wetland types (depressional, lacustrine, estuarine, riverine, and man-made impoundments) and then provide two case histories in which this approach was applied: Seney National Wildlife Refuge with a restored fen system and Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge where riverine processes have been simulated to restore native habitat. With adequate partnerships and administrative and political support, managers faced with degraded and/or disconnected wetland processes will be able to restore ecosystem services for society in our highly altered landscape by considering wetlands in their given hydrogeomorphic setting and temporal stage. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-155.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Smith, L., Euliss, N., Wilcox, D., and Brinson, M., 2008, Application of a geomorphic and temporal perspective to wetland management in North America: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 3, p. 563-577, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-155.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"563","endPage":"577","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":215274,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-155.1"},{"id":243064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec8de4b0c8380cd49331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, L.M.","contributorId":82650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brinson, M.M.","contributorId":90436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035171,"text":"70035171 - 2008 - Reducing sedimentation of depressional wetlands in agricultural landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035171","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing sedimentation of depressional wetlands in agricultural landscapes","docAbstract":"Depressional wetlands in agricultural landscapes are easily degraded by sediments and contaminants accumulated from their watersheds. Several best management practices can reduce transport of sediments into wetlands, including the establishment of vegetative buffers. We summarize the sources, transport dynamics, and effect of sediments, nutrients, and contaminants that threaten wetlands and the current knowledge of design and usefulness of grass buffers for protecting isolated wetlands. Buffer effectiveness is dependent on several factors, including vegetation structure, buffer width, attributes of the surrounding watershed (i.e., area, vegetative cover, slope and topography, soil type and structure, soil moisture, amount of herbicides and pesticides applied), and intensity and duration of rain events. To reduce dissolved contaminants from runoff, the water must infiltrate the soil where microbes or other processes can break down or sequester contaminants. But increasing infiltration also diminishes total water volume entering a wetland, which presents threats to wetland hydrology in semi-arid regions. Buffer effectiveness may be enhanced significantly by implementing other best management practices (e.g., conservation tillage, balancing input with nutrient requirements for livestock and crops, precision application of chemicals) in the surrounding watershed to diminish soil erosion and associated contaminant runoff. Buffers require regular maintenance to remove sediment build-up and replace damaged or over-mature vegetation. Further research is needed to establish guidelines for effective buffer width and structure, and such efforts should entail a coordinated, regional, multi-scale, multidisciplinary approach to evaluate buffer effectiveness and impacts. Direct measures in \"real-world\" systems and field validations of buffer-effectiveness models are crucial next steps in evaluating how grass buffers will impact the abiotic and biotic variables attributes that characterize small, isolated wetlands. ?? 2008 The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/07-84.1","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S., Melcher, C., and Haukos, D., 2008, Reducing sedimentation of depressional wetlands in agricultural landscapes: Wetlands, v. 28, no. 3, p. 594-604, https://doi.org/10.1672/07-84.1.","startPage":"594","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215273,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/07-84.1"},{"id":243063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3cfe4b0e8fec6cdb9a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia","contributorId":101593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, D.A.","contributorId":17188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032200,"text":"70032200 - 2008 - Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:06:22","indexId":"70032200","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region","docAbstract":"

Mercury contained in buried landfill waste may be released via upward emission to the atmosphere or downward leaching to groundwater. Data from the US Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in arid southwestern Nevada reveal another potential pathway of Hg release: long-distance (102 m) lateral migration of elemental Hg (Hg0) through the unsaturated zone. Gas collected from multiple depths from two instrumented boreholes that sample the entire 110-m unsaturated zone thickness and are located 100 and 160 m away from the closest waste burial trench exhibit gaseous Hg concentrations of up to 33 and 11 ng m−3, respectively. The vertical distribution of gaseous Hg in the borehole closest to the disposal site shows distinct subsurface peaks in concentration at depths of 1.5 and 24 m that cannot be explained by radial diffusive transport through a heterogeneous layered unsaturated zone. The inability of current models to explain gaseous Hg distribution at the ADRS highlights the need to advance the understanding of gas-phase contaminant transport in unsaturated zones to attain a comprehensive model of landfill Hg release.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.014","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Andraski, B.J., Krabbenhoft, D., and Striegl, R.G., 2008, Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an arid region: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 3, p. 572-583, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"572","endPage":"583","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb74fe4b08c986b3271af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032155,"text":"70032155 - 2008 - National, holistic, watershed-scale approach to understand the sources, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:24:53","indexId":"70032155","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National, holistic, watershed-scale approach to understand the sources, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals","docAbstract":"

This paper is an introduction to the following series of papers that report on in-depth investigations that have been conducted at five agricultural study areas across the United States in order to gain insights into how environmental processes and agricultural practices interact to determine the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in the environment. These are the first study areas in an ongoing national study. The study areas were selected, based on the combination of cropping patterns and hydrologic setting, as representative of nationally important agricultural settings to form a basis for extrapolation to unstudied areas. The holistic, watershed-scale study design that involves multiple environmental compartments and that employs both field observations and simulation modeling is presented. This paper introduces the overall study design and presents an overview of the hydrology of the five study areas. Copyright ?? 2008 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights reserved.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2007.0226","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., McCarthy, K.A., and Barbash, J., 2008, National, holistic, watershed-scale approach to understand the sources, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 983-993, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0226.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"983","endPage":"993","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214754,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0226"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6295e4b0c8380cd71fcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbash, J.E.","contributorId":62783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032127,"text":"70032127 - 2008 - Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:57:34","indexId":"70032127","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches","docAbstract":"

Estimates of streambed water flux are needed for the interpretation of streambed chemistry and reactions. Continuous temperature and head monitoring in stream reaches within four agricultural watersheds (Leary Weber Ditch, IN; Maple Creek, NE; DR2 Drain, WA; and Merced River, CA) allowed heat to be used as a tracer to study the temporal and spatial variability of fluxes through the streambed. Synoptic methods (seepage meter and differential discharge measurements) were compared with estimates obtained by using heat as a tracer. Water flux was estimated by modeling one-dimensional vertical flow of water and heat using the model VS2DH. Flux was influenced by physical heterogeneity of the stream channel and temporal variability in stream and ground-water levels. During most of the study period (April–December 2004), flux was upward through the streambeds. At the IN, NE, and CA sites, high-stage events resulted in rapid reversal of flow direction inducing short-term surface-water flow into the streambed. During late summer at the IN site, regional ground-water levels dropped, leading to surface-water loss to ground water that resulted in drying of the ditch. Synoptic measurements of flux generally supported the model flux estimates. Water flow through the streambed was roughly an order of magnitude larger in the humid basins (IN and NE) than in the arid basins (WA and CA). Downward flux, in response to sudden high streamflows, and seasonal variability in flux was most pronounced in the humid basins and in high conductivity zones in the streambed.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0448","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H., Zamora, C., McCarthy, K.A., Vogel, J.R., and Wilson, J., 2008, Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 37, no. 3, p. 1010-1023, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0448.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1010","endPage":"1023","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0448"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc05be4b08c986b32a09d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zamora, C.M.","contributorId":34343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033730,"text":"70033730 - 2008 - Nutrient dynamics as indicators of karst processes: Comparison of the Chalk aquifer (Normandy, France) and the Edwards aquifer (Texas, U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033730","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient dynamics as indicators of karst processes: Comparison of the Chalk aquifer (Normandy, France) and the Edwards aquifer (Texas, U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"Karst aquifers display a range of geologic and geomorphic characteristics in a wide range of climatic and land-use settings; identification of transport dynamics representative of karst aquifers in general could help advance our understanding of these complex systems. To this end, nutrient, turbidity, and major ion dynamics in response to storms were compared at multiple sites in two karst aquifers with contrasting characteristics and settings: the Chalk aquifer (Eure Department, Normandy, France) and the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer (Texas, U.S.A.). The Chalk aquifer is typified by high matrix porosity, thick surficial deposits (up to 30??m thick), and agricultural land use; the Barton Springs segment is typified by low matrix porosity, outcropping limestone, and urban land use. Following one to three storms, from 5 to 16 samples from springs and wells were analyzed for major ions, and specific conductance and turbidity were monitored continuously. Comparison of the chemographs indicated some generalized responses, including an increase in turbidity and potassium concentrations and a decrease in major ion and nitrate concentrations with infiltrating storm runoff. Factor analysis of major ions and turbidity revealed strikingly similar behavior of the chemical variables for the two aquifers: The first two factors, explaining more than 75% of the variability, illustrate that dynamics of most major ions (including nitrate) are opposed to those of turbidity and of potassium. The results demonstrate that potassium and nitrate are effective tracers of infiltrating storm runoff and resident ground water, respectively, and the similar results for these two highly contrasting aquifers suggest that the dynamics identified might be applicable to karst systems in general. ?? 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.02.006","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., Valdes, D., Musgrove, M., and Massei, N., 2008, Nutrient dynamics as indicators of karst processes: Comparison of the Chalk aquifer (Normandy, France) and the Edwards aquifer (Texas, U.S.A.): Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 98, no. 1-2, p. 36-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.02.006.","startPage":"36","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.02.006"},{"id":241931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6981e4b0c8380cd73d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdes, D.","contributorId":31997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Musgrove, M.","contributorId":78933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Massei, N.","contributorId":48347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massei","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033725,"text":"70033725 - 2008 - Inverse modeling of surface-water discharge to achieve restoration salinity performance measures in Florida Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033725","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse modeling of surface-water discharge to achieve restoration salinity performance measures in Florida Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"The use of numerical modeling to evaluate regional water-management practices involves the simulation of various alternative water-delivery scenarios, which typically are designed intuitively rather than analytically. These scenario simulations are used to analyze how specific water-management practices affect factors such as water levels, flows, and salinities. In lieu of testing a variety of scenario simulations in a trial-and-error manner, an optimization technique may be used to more precisely and directly define good water-management alternatives. A numerical model application in the coastal regions of Florida Bay and Everglades National Park (ENP), representing the surface- and ground-water hydrology for the region, is a good example of a tool used to evaluate restoration scenarios. The Southern Inland and Coastal System (SICS) model simulates this area with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic surface-water model and a three-dimensional ground-water model, linked to represent the interaction of the two systems with salinity transport. This coastal wetland environment is of great interest in restoration efforts, and the SICS model is used to analyze the effects of alternative water-management scenarios. The SICS model is run within an inverse modeling program called UCODE. In this application, UCODE adjusts the regulated inflows to ENP while SICS is run iteratively. UCODE creates parameters that define inflow within an allowable range for the SICS model based on SICS model output statistics, with the objective of matching user-defined target salinities that meet ecosystem restoration criteria. Preliminary results obtained using two different parameterization methods illustrate the ability of the model to achieve the goals of adjusting the range and reducing the variance of salinity values in the target area. The salinity variance in the primary zone of interest was reduced from an original value of 0.509 psu2 to values 0.418 psu2 and 0.342 psu2 using different methods. Simulations with one, two, and three target areas indicate that optimization is limited near model boundaries and the target location nearest the tidal boundary may not be improved. These experiments indicate that this method can be useful for designing water-delivery schemes to achieve certain water-quality objectives. Additionally, this approach avoids much of the intuitive type of experimentation with different flow schemes that has often been used to develop restoration scenarios. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.017","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Swain, E., and James, D., 2008, Inverse modeling of surface-water discharge to achieve restoration salinity performance measures in Florida Bay, Florida: Journal of Hydrology, v. 351, no. 1-2, p. 188-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.017.","startPage":"188","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214141,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.017"},{"id":241835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"351","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4ee4b0c8380cd63c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, E.D. 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":29007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"E.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, D.E.","contributorId":22927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033723,"text":"70033723 - 2008 - Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:00:21","indexId":"70033723","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions","docAbstract":"

Most models of soil humic substances include a substantial component of aromatic C either as the backbone of humic heteropolymers or as a significant component of supramolecular aggregates of degraded biopolymers. We physically separated coarse (0.2–2.0 μm e.s.d.), medium (0.02–0.2 μm e.s.d.), and fine (> 0.02 μm e.s.d.) clay subfractions from three Midwestern soils and characterized the organic material associated with these subfractions using 13C-CPMAS-NMR, DTG, SEM-EDX, incubations, and radiocarbon age. Most of the C in the coarse clay subfraction was present as discrete particles (0.2–5 μm as seen in SEM images) of black carbon (BC) and consisted of approximately 60% aromatic C, with the remainder being a mixture of aliphatic, anomeric and carboxylic C. We hypothesize that BC particles were originally charcoal formed during prairie fires. As the BC particles aged in soil their surfaces were oxidized to form carboxylic groups and anomeric and aliphatic C accumulated in the BC particles either by adsorption of dissolved biogenic compounds from the soil solution or by direct deposition of biogenic materials from microbes living within the BC particles. The biogenic soil organic matter was physically separated with the medium and fine clay subfractions and was dominated by aliphatic, anomeric, and carboxylic C. The results indicate that the biogenic humic materials in our soils have little aromatic C, which is inconsistent with the traditional heteropolymer model of humic substances.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.025","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Laird, D., Chappell, M., Martens, D., Wershaw, R., and Thompson, M., 2008, Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions: Geoderma, v. 143, no. 1-2, p. 115-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.025.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214110,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.025"}],"volume":"143","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0250e4b0c8380cd4ffc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laird, D.A.","contributorId":35134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laird","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chappell, M.A.","contributorId":47592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chappell","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martens, D.A.","contributorId":10236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, M.","contributorId":108218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033721,"text":"70033721 - 2008 - Factors controlling nitrogen release from two forested catchments with contrasting hydrochemical responses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:48:33","indexId":"70033721","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling nitrogen release from two forested catchments with contrasting hydrochemical responses","docAbstract":"

Quantifying biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen (N) and the associated fluxes to surface waters remains challenging, given the need to deal with spatial and temporal variability and to characterize complex and heterogeneous landscapes. We focused our study on catchments S14 and S15 located in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, USA, which have similar topographic and hydrologic characteristics but contrasting stream nitrate ($\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$) concentrations. We characterized the mechanisms by which $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ reaches the streams during hydrological events in these catchments, aiming to reconcile our field data with our conceptual model of factors that regulate nutrient exports from forested catchments. Combined hydrometric, chemical and isotopic (δ$\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$) data showed that the relative contributions of both soil and ground water sources were similar between the two catchments. Temporal patterns of stream chemistry were markedly different between S14 and S15, however, because the water sources in the two catchments have different solute concentrations. During late summer/fall, the largest source of $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ in S14 was till groundwater, whereas shallow soil was the largest $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ source in S15. $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ concentrations in surface water decreased in S14, whereas they increased in S15 because an increasing proportion of stream flow was derived from shallow soil sources. During snowmelt, the largest sources of $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$were in the near‐surface soil in both catchments. Concentrations of $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ increased as stream discharge increased and usually peaked before peak discharge, when shallow soil water sources made the largest contribution to stream discharge. The timing of peaks in stream $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$concentrations was affected by antecedent moisture conditions. By elucidating the factors that affect sources and transport of N, including differences in the soil nutrient cycling and hydrological characteristics of S14 and S15, this study contributes to the overall conceptualization of $\\hbox{NO}_{3}^{-}$ release from temperate forested catchments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6632","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Christopher, S., Mitchell, M., McHale, M., Boyer, E., Burns, D.A., and Kendall, C., 2008, Factors controlling nitrogen release from two forested catchments with contrasting hydrochemical responses: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 1, p. 46-62, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6632.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214559,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6632"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ebae4b0c8380cd535c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christopher, S.F.","contributorId":52413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.J.","contributorId":72940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHale, Michael 0000-0003-3780-1816 mmchale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-1816","contributorId":177292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","email":"mmchale@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyer, E.W.","contributorId":56358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033693,"text":"70033693 - 2008 - A comparative analysis of simulated and observed landslide locations triggered by Hurricane Camille in Nelson County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033693","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparative analysis of simulated and observed landslide locations triggered by Hurricane Camille in Nelson County, Virginia","docAbstract":"In 1969, Nelson County, Virginia received up to 71 cm of rain within 12 h starting at 7 p.m. on August 19. The total rainfall from the storm exceeded the 1000-year return period in the region. Several thousands of landslides were induced by rainfall associated with Hurricane Camille causing fatalities and destroying infrastructure. We apply a distributed transient response model for regional slope stability analysis to shallow landslides. Initiation points of over 3000 debris flows and effects of flooding from this storm are applied to the model. Geotechnical data used in the calculations are published data from samples of colluvium. Results from these calculations are compared with field observations such as landslide trigger location and timing of debris flows to assess how well the model predicts the spatial and temporal distribution. of landslide initiation locations. The model predicts many of the initiation locations in areas where debris flows are observed. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6882","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., Wieczorek, G.F., and Morgan, B., 2008, A comparative analysis of simulated and observed landslide locations triggered by Hurricane Camille in Nelson County, Virginia: Hydrological Processes, v. 22, no. 4, p. 524-531, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6882.","startPage":"524","endPage":"531","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214201,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6882"},{"id":241899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e34ee4b0c8380cd45f66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, B. A.","contributorId":87128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033691,"text":"70033691 - 2008 - A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:19:20","indexId":"70033691","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate","docAbstract":"Aquatic organisms accumulate metals from dissolved and particulate phases. Dietborne metal uptake likely prevails in nature, but the physiological processes governing metal bioaccumulation from diet are not fully understood. We characterize dietborne copper, cadmium, and nickel uptake by a freshwater gastropod (Lymnaea stagnalis) both in terms of biodynamics and membrane transport characteristics. We use enriched stable isotopes to trace newly accumulated metals from diet, determine food ingestion rate (IR) and estimate metal assimilation efficiency (AE). Upon 18-h exposure, dietborne metal influx was linear over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations. Dietary metal uptake rate constants (kuf) ranged from 0.104 to 0.162 g g -1 day-1, and appeared to be an expression of transmembrane transport characteristics. Although kuf values were 1000-times lower than uptake rate constants from solution, biodynamic modeling showed that diet is the major Cd, Cu, and Ni source in nature. AE varied slightly among metals and exposure concentrations (84-95%). Suppression of Cd and Cu influxes upon exposure to extreme concentrations coincided with a 10-fold decrease in food IR, suggesting that feeding inhibition could act as an end point for dietary metal toxicity in L. stagnalis.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es7022913","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Croteau, M., and Luoma, S., 2008, A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 5, p. 1801-1806, https://doi.org/10.1021/es7022913.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1801","endPage":"1806","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214172,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es7022913"}],"volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e325e4b0c8380cd45e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croteau, M.-N.","contributorId":37511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"M.-N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033669,"text":"70033669 - 2008 - Removal of dissolved organic matter by anion exchange: Effect of dissolved organic matter properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:32:20","indexId":"70033669","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of dissolved organic matter by anion exchange: Effect of dissolved organic matter properties","docAbstract":"

Ten isolates of aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM) were evaluated to determine the effect that chemical properties of the DOM, such as charge density, aromaticity, and molecular weight, have on DOM removal by anion exchange. The DOM isolates were characterized as terrestrial, microbial, or intermediate humic substances or transphilic acids. All anion exchange experiments were conducted using a magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resin. The charge density of the DOM isolates, determined by direct potentiometric titration, was fundamental to quantifying the stoichiometry of the anion exchange mechanism. The results clearly show that all DOM isolates were removed by anion exchange; however, differences among the DOM isolates did influence their removal by MIEX resin. In particular, MIEX resin had the greatest affinity for DOM with high charge density and the least affinity for DOM with low charge density and low aromaticity. This work illustrates that the chemical characteristics of DOM and solution conditions must be considered when evaluating anion exchange treatment for the removal of DOM.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es800714d","issn":"00139","usgsCitation":"Boyer, T., Singer, P., and Aiken, G., 2008, Removal of dissolved organic matter by anion exchange: Effect of dissolved organic matter properties: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 42, no. 19, p. 7431-7437, https://doi.org/10.1021/es800714d.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7431","endPage":"7437","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214341,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800714d"}],"volume":"42","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa72ae4b0c8380cd85270","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyer, T.H.","contributorId":49992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, P.C.","contributorId":80424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033651,"text":"70033651 - 2008 - Tile drainage as karst: Conduit flow and diffuse flow in a tile-drained watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70033651","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tile drainage as karst: Conduit flow and diffuse flow in a tile-drained watershed","docAbstract":"The similarity of tiled-drained watersheds to karst drainage basins can be used to improve understanding of watershed-scale nutrient losses from subsurface tile drainage networks. In this study, short-term variations in discharge and chemistry were examined from a tile outlet collecting subsurface tile flow from a 963 ha agricultural watershed. Study objectives were to apply analytical techniques from karst springs to tile discharge to evaluate water sources and estimate the loads of agricultural pollutants discharged from the tile with conduit, intermediate and diffuse flow regimes. A two-member mixing model using nitrate, chloride and specific conductance was used to distinguish rainwater versus groundwater inputs. Results indicated that groundwater comprised 75% of the discharge for a three-day storm period and rainwater was primarily concentrated during the hydrograph peak. A contrasting pattern of solute concentrations and export loads was observed in tile flow. During base flow periods, tile flow consisted of diffuse flow from groundwater sources and contained elevated levels of nitrate, chloride and specific conductance. During storm events, suspended solids and pollutants adhered to soil surfaces (phosphorus, ammonium and organic nitrogen) were concentrated and discharged during the rapid, conduit flow portion of the hydrograph. During a three-day period, conduit flow occurred for 5.6% of the time but accounted for 16.5% of the total flow. Nitrate and chloride were delivered primarily with diffuse flow (more than 70%), whereas 80-94% of total suspended sediment, phosphorus and ammonium were exported with conduit and intermediate flow regimes. Understanding the water sources contributing to tile drainage and the manner by which pollutant discharge occurs from these systems (conduit, intermediate or diffuse flow) may be useful for designing, implementing and evaluating non-point source reduction strategies in tile-drained landscapes. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.014","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Helmers, M., 2008, Tile drainage as karst: Conduit flow and diffuse flow in a tile-drained watershed: Journal of Hydrology, v. 349, no. 3-4, p. 291-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.014.","startPage":"291","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.014"},{"id":242289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"349","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb386e4b08c986b325e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helmers, M.","contributorId":94872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmers","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033642,"text":"70033642 - 2008 - Electricity generation by anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from hypersaline soda lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T07:58:02","indexId":"70033642","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1615,"text":"Extremophiles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electricity generation by anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from hypersaline soda lakes","docAbstract":"

Anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from soda lakes produced electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). No electricity was generated in the absence of bacterial metabolism. Arsenate respiring bacteria isolated from moderately hypersaline Mono Lake (Bacillus selenitireducens), and salt-saturated Searles Lake, CA (strain SLAS-1) oxidized lactate using arsenate as the electron acceptor. However, these cultures grew equally well without added arsenate using the MFC anode as their electron acceptor, and in the process oxidized lactate more efficiently. The decrease in electricity generation by consumption of added alternative electron acceptors (i.e. arsenate) which competed with the anode for available electrons proved to be a useful indicator of microbial activity and hence life in the fuel cells. Shaken sediment slurries from these two lakes also generated electricity, with or without added lactate. Hydrogen added to sediment slurries was consumed but did not stimulate electricity production. Finally, electricity was generated in statically incubated “intact” sediment cores from these lakes. More power was produced in sediment from Mono Lake than from Searles Lake, however microbial fuel cells could detect low levels of metabolism operating under moderate and extreme conditions of salt stress.


","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00792-008-0191-5","issn":"14310","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., and Oremland, R., 2008, Electricity generation by anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from hypersaline soda lakes: Extremophiles, v. 12, no. 6, p. 837-848, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-008-0191-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"848","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214401,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-008-0191-5"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a089de4b0c8380cd51bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033386,"text":"70033386 - 2008 - Potential for 4-n-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:35:02","indexId":"70033386","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for 4-n-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments","docAbstract":"

The potential for in situ biodegradation of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) was investigated in three hydrologically distinct streams impacted by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the United States. Microcosms were prepared with sediments from each site and amended with [U-ring-14C]4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) as a model test substrate. Microcosms prepared with sediment collected upstream of the WWTP outfalls and incubated under oxic conditions showed rapid and complete mineralization of [U-ring-14C]4- n-NP to 14CO2 in all three systems. In contrast, no mineralization of [U-ring-14C]4-n-NP was observed in these sediments under anoxic (methanogenic) conditions. The initial linear rate of [U-ring-14C]4-n-NP mineralization in sediments from upstream and downstream of the respective WWTP outfalls was inversely correlated with the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the streambed sediments. These results suggest that the net supply of dissolved oxygen to streambed sediments is a key determinant of the rate and extent of 4-NP biodegradation in stream systems. In the stream systems considered by the present study, dissolved oxygen concentrations in the overlying water column (8–10 mg/L) and in the bed sediment pore water (1–3 mg/L at a depth of 10 cm below the sediment–water interface) were consistent with active in situ 4-NP biodegradation. These results suggest WWTP procedures that maximize the delivery of dissolved oxygen while minimizing the release of BOD to stream receptors favor efficient biodegradation of 4-NP contaminants in wastewater-impacted stream environments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1897/07-333R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Barber, L.B., Kolpin, D., McMahon, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 2008, Potential for 4-n-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 27, no. 2, p. 260-265, https://doi.org/10.1897/07-333R.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"265","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1897/07-333r.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241175,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Creek, Fourmile Creek, South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.63235473632812,\n 41.731354910056446\n ],\n [\n -93.61450195312499,\n 41.7180304600481\n ],\n [\n -93.57330322265625,\n 41.679066225164114\n ],\n [\n -93.58291625976561,\n 41.66265316924903\n ],\n [\n -93.52935791015625,\n 41.66060124302088\n ],\n [\n -93.5430908203125,\n 41.61749568924246\n ],\n [\n -93.51974487304688,\n 41.61030862727467\n ],\n [\n -93.51974487304688,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -93.51150512695312,\n 41.56819689811343\n ],\n [\n -93.51425170898438,\n 41.55381099217959\n ],\n [\n -93.526611328125,\n 41.580525125613846\n ],\n [\n -93.53622436523436,\n 41.6010669423553\n ],\n [\n -93.55682373046875,\n 41.61852234700827\n ],\n [\n -93.54995727539062,\n 41.64828831259535\n ],\n [\n -93.59527587890625,\n 41.66060124302088\n ],\n [\n -93.59527587890625,\n 41.68111756290652\n ],\n [\n -93.63784790039061,\n 41.724180549563606\n ],\n [\n -93.63235473632812,\n 41.731354910056446\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.2105712890625,\n 39.41497702499074\n ],\n [\n -105.303955078125,\n 39.236507954871094\n ],\n [\n -105.2325439453125,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -105.18310546875,\n 39.39375459224348\n ],\n [\n -105.029296875,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -104.9688720703125,\n 39.67759833072648\n ],\n [\n -104.974365234375,\n 39.774769485295465\n ],\n [\n -104.8150634765625,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -104.776611328125,\n 40.12009038025332\n ],\n [\n -104.82604980468749,\n 40.25856876391262\n ],\n [\n -104.600830078125,\n 40.39258071969131\n ],\n [\n -104.425048828125,\n 40.33817045213394\n ],\n [\n -104.3316650390625,\n 40.287906612507406\n ],\n [\n -104.10095214843749,\n 40.28371627054261\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 40.34235741658332\n ],\n [\n -103.82080078125,\n 40.25856876391262\n ],\n [\n -103.6395263671875,\n 40.271143686084194\n ],\n [\n -103.4033203125,\n 40.396764305572056\n ],\n [\n -103.11767578124999,\n 40.61812224225511\n ],\n [\n -103.1011962890625,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -102.85400390625,\n 40.81796653313175\n ],\n [\n -102.5299072265625,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -102.3980712890625,\n 40.93841495689795\n ],\n [\n -102.249755859375,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -102.1563720703125,\n 41.00477542222949\n ],\n [\n -102.2332763671875,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -102.32666015625,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -102.4749755859375,\n 40.96330795307351\n ],\n [\n -102.755126953125,\n 40.89275342420696\n ],\n [\n -103.084716796875,\n 40.76806170936614\n ],\n [\n -103.17260742187499,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -103.29345703125,\n 40.57224011776902\n ],\n [\n -103.45275878906249,\n 40.45948689837198\n ],\n [\n -103.612060546875,\n 40.34235741658332\n ],\n [\n -103.77685546875,\n 40.300476079749494\n ],\n [\n -104.007568359375,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 40.33817045213394\n ],\n [\n -104.32617187499999,\n 40.33817045213394\n ],\n [\n -104.4525146484375,\n 40.40931350359072\n ],\n [\n -104.61181640625,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -104.74365234375,\n 40.38839687388361\n ],\n [\n -104.90295410156249,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -104.886474609375,\n 40.22082997283287\n ],\n [\n -104.86450195312499,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -104.8699951171875,\n 39.95185892663005\n ],\n [\n -104.9853515625,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -105.062255859375,\n 39.75365697136308\n ],\n [\n -105.029296875,\n 39.64799732373418\n ],\n [\n -105.1007080078125,\n 39.52946653645165\n ],\n [\n -105.2105712890625,\n 39.41497702499074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.01247406005858,\n 40.156310883032674\n ],\n [\n -105.00732421875,\n 40.15893480687665\n ],\n [\n -105.01762390136719,\n 40.139777831309495\n ],\n [\n -105.01522064208984,\n 40.12954106843822\n ],\n [\n -105.0354766845703,\n 40.10669965638878\n ],\n [\n -105.05058288574219,\n 40.094094213737755\n ],\n [\n -105.05573272705078,\n 40.0833252155441\n ],\n [\n -105.0677490234375,\n 40.072554513652655\n ],\n [\n -105.07942199707031,\n 40.06913905733146\n ],\n [\n -105.09796142578124,\n 40.05757778051925\n ],\n [\n -105.10379791259766,\n 40.0565266580714\n ],\n [\n -105.11650085449219,\n 40.04943115747162\n ],\n [\n -105.1336669921875,\n 40.044963241082975\n ],\n [\n -105.15495300292969,\n 40.0489055354487\n ],\n [\n -105.16834259033202,\n 40.0489055354487\n ],\n [\n -105.18482208251953,\n 40.0483799093726\n ],\n [\n -105.18482208251953,\n 40.052847601823984\n ],\n [\n -105.16319274902344,\n 40.053898781018304\n ],\n [\n -105.1498031616211,\n 40.05442436453555\n ],\n [\n -105.13469696044922,\n 40.04969396696316\n ],\n [\n -105.11993408203125,\n 40.053898781018304\n ],\n [\n -105.10379791259766,\n 40.06151934529636\n ],\n [\n -105.09212493896484,\n 40.0651979333746\n ],\n [\n -105.08216857910155,\n 40.07491896000657\n ],\n [\n -105.06156921386719,\n 40.08358789430713\n ],\n [\n -105.05744934082031,\n 40.09514475648848\n ],\n [\n -105.04783630371094,\n 40.11221380317288\n ],\n [\n -105.03616333007811,\n 40.12271570320351\n ],\n [\n -105.02037048339842,\n 40.13452840194915\n ],\n [\n -105.02208709716797,\n 40.141877489503514\n ],\n [\n -105.01728057861328,\n 40.152374807152206\n ],\n [\n -105.01247406005858,\n 40.156310883032674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7effe4b0c8380cd7a877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033364,"text":"70033364 - 2008 - Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:56:23","indexId":"70033364","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining","docAbstract":"

Zinc and Cu play important roles in the biogeochemistry of natural systems, and it is likely that these interactions result in mass-dependent fractionations of their stable isotopes. In this study, we examine the relative abundances of dissolved Zn and Cu isotopes in a variety of stream waters draining six historical mining districts located in the United States and Europe. Our goals were to (1) determine whether streams from different geologic settings have unique or similar Zn and Cu isotopic signatures and (2) to determine whether Zn and Cu isotopic signatures change in response to changes in dissolved metal concentrations over well-defined diel (24-h) cycles.

Average δ66Zn and δ65Cu values for streams varied from +0.02‰ to +0.46‰ and −0.7‰ to +1.4‰, respectively, demonstrating that Zn and Cu isotopes are heterogeneous among the measured streams. Zinc or Cu isotopic changes were not detected within the resolution of our measurements over diel cycles for most streams. However, diel changes in Zn isotopes were recorded in one stream where the fluctuations of dissolved Zn were the largest. We calculate an apparent separation factor of ∼0.3‰ (66/64Zn) between the dissolved and solid Zn reservoirs in this stream with the solid taking up the lighter Zn isotope. The preference of the lighter isotope in the solid reservoir may reflect metabolic uptake of Zn by microorganisms. Additional field investigations must evaluate the contributions of soils, rocks, minerals, and anthropogenic components to Cu and Zn isotopic fluxes in natural waters. Moreover, rigorous experimental work is necessary to quantify fractionation factors for the biogeochemical reactions that are likely to impact Cu and Zn isotopes in hydrologic systems. This initial investigation of Cu and Zn isotopes in stream waters suggests that these isotopes may be powerful tools for probing biogeochemical processes in surface waters on a variety of temporal and spatial scales.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Borrok, D.M., Nimick, D., Wanty, R.B., and Ridley, W.I., 2008, Isotopic variations of dissolved copper and zinc in stream waters affected by historical mining: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, no. 2, p. 329-344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.014"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fbfe4b0c8380cd647ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borrok, David M.","contributorId":26056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrok","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, David","contributorId":19643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, William I. 0000-0001-6787-558X iridley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":1160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"William","email":"iridley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033353,"text":"70033353 - 2008 - Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T11:06:18","indexId":"70033353","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado","docAbstract":"

A microbial community analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on borehole water and a granite rock core from Henderson Mine, a >1,000-meter-deep molybdenum mine near Empire, CO. Chemical analysis of borehole water at two separate depths (1,044 m and 1,004 m below the mine entrance) suggests that a sharp chemical gradient exists, likely from the mixing of two distinct subsurface fluids, one metal rich and one relatively dilute; this has created unique niches for microorganisms. The microbial community analyzed from filtered, oxic borehole water indicated an abundance of sequences from iron-oxidizing bacteria (Gallionella spp.) and was compared to the community from the same borehole after 2 weeks of being plugged with an expandable packer. Statistical analyses with UniFrac revealed a significant shift in community structure following the addition of the packer. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis suggested that Nitrosomonadales dominated the oxic borehole, while PLFAs indicative of anaerobic bacteria were most abundant in the samples from the plugged borehole. Microbial sequences were represented primarily by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and a lineage of sequences which did not group with any identified bacterial division; phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of a novel candidate division. This “Henderson candidate division” dominated the clone libraries from the dilute anoxic fluids. Sequences obtained from the granitic rock core (1,740 m below the surface) were represented by the divisions Proteobacteria (primarily the family Ralstoniaceae) and Firmicutes. Sequences grouping within Ralstoniaceae were also found in the clone libraries from metal-rich fluids yet were absent in more dilute fluids. Lineage-specific comparisons, combined with phylogenetic statistical analyses, show that geochemical variance has an important effect on microbial community structure in deep, subsurface systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01133-07","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Sahl, J., Schmidt, R., Swanner, E., Mandernack, K., Templeton, A., Kieft, T.L., Smith, R.L., Sanford, W., Callaghan, R., Mitton, J., and Spear, J., 2008, Subsurface microbial diversity in deep-granitic-fracture water in Colorado: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 74, no. 1, p. 143-152, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01133-07.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476694,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01133-07","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213377,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01133-07"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d7fe4b08c986b31d8b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sahl, J.W.","contributorId":9072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sahl","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, R.","contributorId":38777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanner, E.D.","contributorId":94506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanner","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mandernack, K.W.","contributorId":68913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Templeton, A.S.","contributorId":72210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templeton","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kieft, Thomas L.","contributorId":48765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieft","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7026,"text":"New Mexico Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":440465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":440470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Callaghan, R.L.","contributorId":99382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callaghan","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mitton, J.B.","contributorId":57603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitton","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Spear, J.R.","contributorId":86979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70032104,"text":"70032104 - 2008 - Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T08:13:18","indexId":"70032104","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration","docAbstract":"

This study was conducted at three locations in a bottomland hardwood forest with a distinct elevation and hydrological gradient: ridge (high, dry), transition, and swamp (low, wet). At each location, concentrations of soil greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4, and CO2), their fluxes to the atmosphere, and soil redox potential (Eh) were measured bimonthly, while the water table was monitored every day. Results show that soil Eh was significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with water table: a negative correlation at the ridge and transition locations, but a positive correlation at the permanently flooded swamp location. Both soil gas profile analysis and surface gas flux measurements indicated that the ridge and transition locations could be a sink of atmospheric CH4, especially in warm seasons, but generally functioned as a minor source of CH4 in cool seasons. The swamp location was a major source of CH4, and the emission rate was higher in the warm seasons (mean 28 and median 23 mg m−2 h−1) than in the cool seasons (both mean and median 13 mg m−2 h−1). Average CO2 emission rate was 251, 380 and 52 mg m−2 h−1 for the ridge, transition and swamp location, respectively. At each location, higher CO2emission rates were also found in the warm seasons. The lowest CO2 emission rate was found at the swamp location, where soil C content was the highest, due to less microbial biomass, less CO2 production in such an anaerobic environment, and greater difficulty of CO2 diffusion to the atmosphere. Cumulative global warming potential emission from these three greenhouse gases was in an order of swamp > transition > ridge location. The ratio CO2/CH4 production in soil is a critical factor for evaluating the overall benefit of soil C sequestration, which can be greatly offset by CH4 production and emission.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Yu, K., Faulkner, S., and Baldwin, M., 2008, Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration: Global Change Biology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 798-812, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"798","endPage":"812","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215002,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05eae4b0c8380cd51012","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, K.","contributorId":23756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faulkner, S.P.","contributorId":55190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, M.J. 0000-0002-7865-6590 baldwinm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-6590","contributorId":146154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"M.J.","email":"baldwinm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031845,"text":"70031845 - 2008 - Influence of natural dissolved organic carbon on the bioavailability of mercury to a freshwater alga","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T08:36:45","indexId":"70031845","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of natural dissolved organic carbon on the bioavailability of mercury to a freshwater alga","docAbstract":"Bioavailability of mercury (Hg) to Selenastrum capricornutum was assessed in bioassays containing field-collected freshwater of varying dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) was measured using stable isotopes of methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic Hg(II). BCFs for MeHg in low-DOC lake water were significantly larger than those in mixtures of lake water and high-DOC river water. The BCF for MeHg in rainwater (lowest DOC) was the largest of any treatment. Rainwater and lake water also had larger BCFs for Hg(II) than river water. Moreover, in freshwater collected from several US and Canadian field sites, BCFs for Hg(II) and MeHg were low when DOC concentrations were >5 mg L-1. These results suggest high concentrations of DOC inhibit bioavailability, while low concentrations may provide optimal conditions for algal uptake of Hg. However, variability of BCFs at low DOC indicates that DOC composition or other ligands may determine site-specific bioavailability of Hg.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.004","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Gorski, P., Armstrong, D., Hurley, J., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2008, Influence of natural dissolved organic carbon on the bioavailability of mercury to a freshwater alga: Environmental Pollution, v. 154, no. 1, p. 116-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214672,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.004"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b55e4b0c8380cd6243c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorski, P.R.","contributorId":85466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorski","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, D.E.","contributorId":75278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033341,"text":"70033341 - 2008 - Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:11:26","indexId":"70033341","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"

Chromium(VI) concentrations in excess of the California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 50 μg/L occur naturally in alkaline, oxic ground-water in alluvial aquifers in the western Mojave Desert, southern California. The highest concentrations were measured in aquifers eroded from mafic rock, but Cr(VI) as high as 27 μg/L was measured in aquifers eroded from granitic rock. Chromium(VI) concentrations did not exceed 5 μg/L at pH < 7.5 regardless of geology. δ53Cr values in native ground-water ranged from 0.7 to 5.1‰ and values were fractionated relative to the average δ53Cr composition of 0‰ in the earth’s crust. Positive δ53Cr values of 1.2 and 2.3‰ were measured in ground-water recharge areas having low Cr concentrations, consistent with the addition of Cr(VI) that was fractionated on mineral surfaces prior to entering solution. δ53Cr values, although variable, did not consistently increase or decrease with increasing Cr concentrations as ground-water flowed down gradient through more oxic portions of the aquifer. However, increasing δ53Cr values were observed as dissolved O2 concentrations decreased, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), and subsequently removed from solution. As a result, the highest δ53Cr values were measured in water from deep wells, and wells in discharge areas near dry lakes at the downgradient end of long flow paths through alluvial aquifers. δ53Cr values at an industrial site overlying mafic alluvium having high natural background Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from −0.1 to 3.2‰. Near zero δ53Cr values at the site were the result of anthropogenic Cr. However, mixing with native ground-water and fractionation of Cr within the plume increased δ53Cr values at the site. Although δ53Cr was not necessarily diagnostic of anthropogenic Cr, it was possible to identify the extent of anthropogenic Cr at the site on the basis of the δ53Cr values in conjunction with major-ion data, and the δ18O and δD composition of water from wells.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Ball, J., Bullen, T., and Sutley, S.J., 2008, Chromium, chromium isotopes and selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 5, p. 1325-1352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1352","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213321,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.11.015"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5e7e4b0c8380cd4c4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033322,"text":"70033322 - 2008 - Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T07:37:07","indexId":"70033322","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection","docAbstract":"

A tracer experiment, using a nonreactive tracer, was conducted as part of an investigation of the potential for chemical and pathogen migration to public supply wells that draw groundwater from the highly transmissive karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. The tracer was injected into the formation over approximately 1 h, and its recovery was monitored at a pumping well approximately 100 m from the injection well. The first detection of the tracer occurred after approximately 5 h, and the peak concentration occurred at about 8 h after the injection. The tracer was still detected in the production well more than 6 days after injection, and only 42% of the tracer mass was recovered. It is hypothesized that a combination of chemical diffusion and slow advection resulted in significant retention of the tracer in the formation, despite the high transmissivity of the karst limestone. The tail of the breakthrough curve exhibited a straight‐line behavior with a slope of −2 on a log‐log plot of concentration versus time. The −2 slope is hypothesized to be a function of slow advection, where the velocities of flow paths are hypothesized to range over several orders of magnitude. The flow paths having the slowest velocities result in a response similar to chemical diffusion. Chemical diffusion, due to chemical gradients, is still ongoing during the declining limb of the breakthrough curve, but this process is dwarfed by the magnitude of the mass flux by slow advection.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007WR006059","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., Renken, R.A., Harvey, R.W., Zygnerski, M.R., and Metge, D.W., 2008, Pathogen and chemical transport in the karst limestone of the Biscayne aquifer: 2. Chemical retention from diffusion and slow advection: Water Resources Research, v. 44, no. 8, W08430; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006059.","productDescription":"W08430; 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476799,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006059","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7595e4b0c8380cd77c1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renken, Robert A. rarenken@usgs.gov","contributorId":269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"Robert","email":"rarenken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":440328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zygnerski, Michael R.","contributorId":25469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygnerski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":440326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033309,"text":"70033309 - 2008 - Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:08:01","indexId":"70033309","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater","docAbstract":"Adsorption of Ni and Pb on aquifer sediments from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA increased with increasing pH and metal-ion concentration. Adsorption could be described quantitatively using a semi-mechanistic surface complexation model (SCM), in which adsorption is described using chemical reactions between metal ions and adsorption sites. Equilibrium reactive transport simulations incorporating the SCMs, formation of metal-ion-EDTA complexes, and either Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide solubility or Zn desorption from sediments identified important factors responsible for trends observed during transport experiments conducted with EDTA complexes of Ni, Zn, and Pb in the Cape Cod aquifer. Dissociation of Pb-EDTA by Fe(III) is more favorable than Ni-EDTA because of differences in Ni- and Pb-adsorption to the sediments. Dissociation of Ni-EDTA becomes more favorable with decreasing Ni-EDTA concentration and decreasing pH. In contrast to Ni, Pb-EDTA can be dissociated by Zn desorbed from the aquifer sediments. Variability in adsorbed Zn concentrations has a large impact on Pb-EDTA dissociation.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.022","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Kent, D., Davis, J., Joye, J., and Curtis, G., 2008, Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater: Environmental Pollution, v. 153, no. 1, p. 44-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.022.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.11.022"}],"volume":"153","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b94e4b0c8380cd62678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joye, J.L.","contributorId":56389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joye","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033308,"text":"70033308 - 2008 - Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T09:48:40","indexId":"70033308","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2263,"text":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA","docAbstract":"

Concentrations of Ra in liquid and solid wastes generated from 15 softeners treating domestic well waters from New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifers (where combined Ra (226Ra plus 228Ra) concentrations commonly exceed 0.185 Bq L−1) were determined. Softeners, when maintained, reduced combined Ra about 10-fold (<0.024 Bq L−1). Combined Ra exceeded 0.185 Bq L−1 at 1 non-maintained system. Combined Ra was enriched in regeneration brine waste (maximum, 81.2 Bq L−1), but concentrations in septic-tank effluents receiving brine waste were less than in the untreated ground waters. The maximum combined Ra concentration in aquifer sands (40.7 Bq kg−1 dry weight) was less than that in sludge from the septic tanks (range, 84–363 Bq kg−1), indicating Ra accumulation in sludge from effluent. The combined Ra concentration in sludge from the homeowners' septic systems falls within the range reported for sludge samples from publicly owned treatment works within the region.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.009","issn":"0265931X","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., Jacobsen, E., Kraemer, T.F., and Parsa, B., 2008, Concentrations and environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks and accumulation in sludge, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 99, no. 6, p. 947-964, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.009.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"964","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213401,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey Coastal Plain","volume":"99","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f985e4b0c8380cd4d659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobsen, E.","contributorId":101462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsa, B.","contributorId":15840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsa","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033272,"text":"70033272 - 2008 - Changes in the character of DOC in streams during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033272","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the character of DOC in streams during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses","docAbstract":"Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics in streams is important, yet few studies focus on DOC dynamics in Midwestern streams during storms. In this study, stream DOC dynamics during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses, the change in character of stream DOC during storms, and the usability of DOC as a hydrologic tracer in artificially drained landscapes of the Midwest are investigated. Major cation/DOC concentrations, and DOC specific UV absorbance (SUVA) and fluorescence index (FI) were monitored at 2-4 h intervals during three spring storms. Although DOC is less aromatic in the mixed land use watershed than in the agricultural watershed, land use has little impact on stream DOC concentration during storms. For both watersheds, DOC concentration follows discharge, and SUVA and FI values indicate an increase in stream DOC aromaticity and lignin content during storms. The comparison of DOC/major cation flushing dynamics indicates that DOC is mainly exported via overland flow/macropore flow. In both watersheds, the increase in DOC concentration in the streams during storms corresponds to a shift in the source of DOC from DOC originating from mineral soil layers of the soil profile at baseflow, to DOC originating from surficial soil layers richer in aromatic substances and lignin during storms. Results also suggest that DOC, SUVA and FI could be used as hydrologic tracers in artificially drained landscapes of the Midwest. These results underscore the importance of sampling streams for DOC during high flow periods in order to understand the fate of DOC in streams. ?? 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-008-9207-6","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Vidon, P., Wagner, L., and Soyeux, E., 2008, Changes in the character of DOC in streams during storms in two Midwestern watersheds with contrasting land uses: Biogeochemistry, v. 88, no. 3, p. 257-270, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9207-6.","startPage":"257","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213400,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9207-6"},{"id":241023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42fe4b0c8380cd4bbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vidon, P.","contributorId":47589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidon","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, L.E.","contributorId":91698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soyeux, E.","contributorId":51099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soyeux","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033270,"text":"70033270 - 2008 - Investigation and hazard assessment of the 2003 and 2007 Staircase Falls rock falls, Yosemite National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:07:01","indexId":"70033270","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation and hazard assessment of the 2003 and 2007 Staircase Falls rock falls, Yosemite National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"Since 1857 more than 600 rock falls, rock slides, debris slides, and debris flows have been documented in Yosemite National Park, with rock falls in Yosemite Valley representing the majority of the events. On 26 December 2003, a rock fall originating from west of Glacier Point sent approximately 200 m 3 of rock debris down a series of joint-controlled ledges to the floor of Yosemite Valley. The debris impacted talus near the base of Staircase Falls, producing fragments of flying rock that struck occupied cabins in Curry Village. Several years later on 9 June 2007, and again on 26 July 2007, smaller rock falls originated from the same source area. The 26 December 2003 event coincided with a severe winter storm and was likely triggered by precipitation and/or frost wedging, but the 9 June and 26 July 2007 events lack recognizable triggering mechanisms. We investigated the geologic and hydrologic factors contributing to the Staircase Falls rock falls, including bedrock lithology, weathering, joint spacing and orientations, and hydrologic processes affecting slope stability. We improved upon previous geomorphic assessment of rock-fall hazards, based on a shadow angle approach, by using STONE, a three-dimensional rock-fall simulation computer program. STONE produced simulated rock-fall runout patterns similar to the mapped extent of the 2003 and 2007 events, allowing us to simulate potential future rock falls from the Staircase Falls detachment area. Observations of recent rock falls, mapping of rock debris, and simulations of rock fall runouts beneath the Staircase Falls detachment area suggest that rock-fall hazard zones extend farther downslope than the extent previously defined by mapped surface talus deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-8-421-2008","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., Stock, G.M., Reichenbach, P., Snyder, J., Borchers, J.W., and Godt, J., 2008, Investigation and hazard assessment of the 2003 and 2007 Staircase Falls rock falls, Yosemite National Park, California, USA: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 8, no. 3, p. 421-432, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-421-2008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-421-2008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267914,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-421-2008"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e71e4b0c8380cd63db2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stock, Gregory M.","contributorId":7493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichenbach, P.","contributorId":61988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenbach","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, J.B.","contributorId":62229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borchers, J. W.","contributorId":74414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}