{"pageNumber":"236","pageRowStart":"5875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6232,"records":[{"id":9874,"text":"ofr76445 - 1976 - Selected hydrologic data, Clarion River and Redbank Creek basins, northwestern Pennsylvania: an interim report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T11:02:00","indexId":"ofr76445","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-445","title":"Selected hydrologic data, Clarion River and Redbank Creek basins, northwestern Pennsylvania: an interim report","docAbstract":"This report presents basic hydrologic data collected for part of a water-resources study and supplements an interpretive report which will be published separately. The report summarizes discharge data from 140 stream collection sites, contains tables of about 800 chemical analyses from 164 stream sites and 107 analyses from 91 abandoned flowing oil and gas wells including concentrations of major ions and trace metals. A table shows results of collections of macroinvertebrates at 136 stream sites. Seven flow duration curves are also presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr76445","usgsCitation":"Koester, H.E., and Lescinsky, J.B., 1976, Selected hydrologic data, Clarion River and Redbank Creek basins, northwestern Pennsylvania: an interim report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-445, iii, 164 p. :ill., 1 fold. map (in pocket) ;28 cm.; (59 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:125,000 - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76445.","productDescription":"iii, 164 p. :ill., 1 fold. map (in pocket) ;28 cm.; (59 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:125,000 - PGS)","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":140924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0445/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37665,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0445/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37666,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0445/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"25000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koester, Harry E.","contributorId":96259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koester","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lescinsky, Joseph B.","contributorId":53377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lescinsky","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3068,"text":"wsp2004 - 1976 - Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, west St. Paul, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15589,"text":"ofr74367 - 1974 - Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, West St. Paul, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr74367","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, West St. Paul, Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3068,"text":"wsp2004 - 1976 - Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, west St. Paul, Minnesota","indexId":"wsp2004","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, west St. Paul, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:07:09","indexId":"wsp2004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004","title":"Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, west St. Paul, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The Prairie du Chien Group was injected with 2,754,000 gallons (368,200 cubic feet), or 10,430 cubic metres, of municipally treated water at about 100 gallons per minute (13.4 cubic feet per minute), or 6.3 litres per second, for 20 days. The injection-pipe system was designed to utilize pipe friction rather than a remote-controlled valve in the well to maintain positive pressure and eliminate air entrainment in the injection water and the escape cf dissolved gasses from the water. During the 20-day injection period the temperature of the injection water declined gradually from 15.0<span>&deg;</span> to 11.2<span>&deg;</span>C, and the flow rate decreased from 108 to 90 gallons per minute (6.8 to 5.7 litres per second).</p>\n<p>Analyses of test data were, in some instances, based upon hydrologic judgement as well as observations. Results of aquifer tests before and after injections indicated that the transmissivity had decreased 18 percent during the intervening injection periods; however, the specific capacity remained the same, indicating no change in transmissivity during pumping. Analysis of water-level changes in observation wells during injection indicated a reduction in transmissivity of more than 50 percent; however, the specific capacity of the injection well decreased only about 5 percent during injection.</p>\n<p>A comparison of water-level changes with the discharge or recharge rates of the three tests showed that the water-level changes in the two observation wells tapping the Prairie du Chien Group during the injection test were greater than those projected from the two aouifer pumping tests. The deviations in the water-level changes and in the analysis of aquifer-test data indicate that the methods used to analyze data from these wells may not be wholly applicable, inasmuch as anisotropic and nonhomogeneous conditions prevail in at least the Prairie du Chien part of the aquifer.</p>\n<p>The native water and the injected water averaged 0.8 and 25 milligrams per litre chloride, respectively. The chloride, utilized as a tracer, showed that the injected water was detected only in the lower part of the nearest observation well, 99 feet (30.2 metres) from the injection well. The chemistry of the water and the rock formation showed little likelihood of plugging of the recharge well by chemical precipitation. Microbiological phenomena apparently did not become a significant factor in the recharge test.</p>\n<p>The hydraulic gradient of the aquifer in October and December 1971 (before and after injection) was estimated to be N. 36<span>&deg;</span> E., 0.0013, and N. 39<span>&deg;</span> E., 0.0012, respectively, on the basis of measurements of water levels in the three wells in the Prairie du Chien Group. The single-well tracer-dilution method of calculation showed a hydraulic gradient of 0.0016. A longitudinal dispersivity of 280 feet (85 metres) was calculated. Such a value of dispersivity is typical of fractured reservoirs and shows that the Prairie du Chien Group is a heterogeneous aquifer.</p>\n<p>The injection test demonstrated that it is hydrologically feasible to recharge the Prairie du Chien Group and the Jordan Sandstone artificially through wells completed in the Prairie du Chien Group. The fissures in the Prairie du Chien Group act as conduits through which water spreads. The water passes into the Jordan Sandstone from the Prairie du Chien over a larger area than it would if it were injected directly into the Jordan.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2004","usgsCitation":"Reeder, H.O., Wood, W., Ehrlich, G.G., and Sun, R.J., 1976, Artificial recharge through a well in fissured carbonate rock, west St. Paul, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2004, vi, 80.p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2004.","productDescription":"vi, 80.p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29926,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2004/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"West St. Paul","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeder, Harold O.","contributorId":14381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeder","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ehrlich, G. G.","contributorId":89126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehrlich","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sun, Ren Jen","contributorId":68721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Ren","email":"","middleInitial":"Jen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2576,"text":"wsp1798N - 1976 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15597,"text":"ofr7526 - 1975 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run basin, central Pennsylvania","indexId":"ofr7526","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run basin, central Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2576,"text":"wsp1798N - 1976 - Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania","indexId":"wsp1798N","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"chapter":"N","title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-19T14:06:02","indexId":"wsp1798N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1798","chapter":"N","title":"Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Rainfall, streamflow, stream chemical, and sediment discharge data were collected from Bixler Run near Loysville, Pa., during the period from February 1954 to September 1969 as part of a project to evaluate sediment discharge from an agricultural area in which soil-conservation techniques were being adopted at a moderate rate. The study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, State Conservation Commission. \r\n\r\nSediment yields from the basin averaged 64 tons per square mile (22 tonnes per square kilometre) per year, approximately 25 percent less than yields from the surrounding area. The relation between water discharge and suspended-sediment discharge remained constant during the study. Suspended-sediment concentrations in the streamflow were less than 10 milligrams per litre 70 percent of the time. The concentration of chloride ions in the streamflow increased from 1959 to 1969. Ground water maintained flows at the gaging location at a rate of 1.9 cubic feet per second (0.054 cubic metres per second) during the period of data collection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1798N","usgsCitation":"Reed, L.A., 1976, Hydrology and sedimentation of Bixler Run Basin, central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1798, v, 20 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1798N.","productDescription":"v, 20 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28852,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1798n/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605056","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Lloyd A.","contributorId":79861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27310,"text":"wri7646 - 1976 - Availability of ground water near Carmel, Hamilton County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T09:07:59","indexId":"wri7646","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-46","title":"Availability of ground water near Carmel, Hamilton County, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>A study of the hydraulic characteristics of the unconsolidated glacial deposits near the city of Carmel in central Indiana shows that 21.3 million gallons per day (933 litres per second) of additional water could be withdrawn from the aquifer for an indefinite period of time . This pumpage is approximately 5 million gallons per day (219 litres per second) above the projected water needs of Carmel for 1990. Saturated thickness, transmissivity , and storage coefficient of the outwash aquifer along the White River east of Carmel were determined , using available data supplemented by test drilling. The saturated thickness of the aquifer ranges from 10 to 110 feet (3 to 34 metres); transmissivity ranges from 1 , 000 feet squared per day (93 metres squared per day) to 24,000 feet squared per day (2,230 metres squared per day); and the average storage coefficient is 0 . 11. Seepage from the aquifer into the White River was estimated in November 1974, using data from u.S. Geological Survey gaging stations. Water- level information was obtained from a network of observation wells at that same time.</p>\n<p>Flow in the unconsolidated glacial deposits near the city of Carmel in central Indiana was simulated by a digital-computer model in a study of hydraulic characteristics of the deposits. The study shows that 21.3 million gallons per day (933 litres per second) of additional water could be withdrawn from the aquifer for an indefinite period of time. This pumpage is approximately 5 million gallons per day (219 1itres per second) above the projected water needs of Carmel for 1990. Saturated thickness, transmissivity, and storage coefficient of the outwash aquifer along the White River east of Carmel were determined, using available data supplemented by test drilling . The saturated thickness of the aquifer ranges f r om 10 to 110 feet 0 to 34 me tres); transmissivity ranges from 1,000 feet squared per day (93 metres squared per day) to 24 ,000 feet squared per day (2 ,230 metres squared per day); and the average storage coefficient is 0.11.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7646","usgsCitation":"Gillies, D.C., 1976, Availability of ground water near Carmel, Hamilton County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-46, v, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7646.","productDescription":"v, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri7646.GIF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Hamilton, Marion","city":"Carmel","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.8617,40.2201],[-85.863,40.139],[-85.8624,39.9436],[-85.8625,39.9286],[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-86.239,39.9549],[-86.2417,40.0419],[-86.242,40.1304],[-86.2424,40.1807],[-86.2435,40.2152],[-86.1285,40.2176],[-86.0135,40.2186],[-85.9015,40.2194],[-85.8617,40.2201]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hamilton\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d8a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillies, D. C.","contributorId":53809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillies","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15793,"text":"ofr76250 - 1976 - Heat flow and near-surface radioactivity in the Australian continental crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T10:12:25","indexId":"ofr76250","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-250","title":"Heat flow and near-surface radioactivity in the Australian continental crust","docAbstract":"<p>Heat-flow data have been obtained at 44 sites in various parts of Australia. These include seven sites from the old (~ 2500 m.y.) Precambrian shield of Western Australia, seventeen from the younger (~ 600- 2000 m.y.) Precambrian rocks of South Australia, the Northern Territory, and Queensland, and twenty within the eastern Paleozoic and younger rocks. Thirty of the sites are located where no previous heat-flow data existed, and the remainder provide significant extensions or refinements of areas previously studied. Where the holes studied penetrated the crystalline basement rocks, or where the latter rocks were exposed within a few kilometers of the holes, the upper crustal radiogenic heat production has been estimated based on gamma-ray spectrometric determinations of U, Th, and K abundances. Three heat-flow provinces are recognized in Australia based on the linear relation (q = q* + DA<sub>0</sub> ) between heat flow q and surface radioactivity A<sub>0</sub>. New data from the Western Australian shield support earlier studies showing that heat flow is low to normal with values ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 hfu and with the majority of values less than 1.0 hfu, and the parameters q* = 0.63 hfu and 0 = 4.5 km determined previously were confirmed. Heat flow in the Proterozoic shield of central Australia is quite variable, with values ranging between about l and 3 hfu. This variability is attributed mainly to variations in near-surface crustal radioactivity. The parameters of the heat-flow line are q* = 0.64 hfu and 0 = 11.1 km and moderately high temperatures are predicted for the lower crust and upper mantle. Previous suggestions of a band of l ow- to - normal heat flow near the coast in eastern Australia were confirmed in some areas, but the zone is interrupted in at least one region (the Sydney Basin), where heat flow is about 2.0 hfu over a large area. The reduced heat flow, q*, in the Paleozoic intrusive rocks of eastern Australia varies from about 0.8 to 2.0 hfu . This variability might be related to thermal transients associated with Late Tertiary and younger volcanic and tectonic activity, even though the relation between heat-flow values and the age of volcanism is not a simple one. Parts of the high heat-flow area in the southeast might be exploitable for geothermal energy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr76250","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., Jaeger, J., and Munroe, R.J., 1976, Heat flow and near-surface radioactivity in the Australian continental crust: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-250, iii, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76250.","productDescription":"iii, 91 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This report contains discharge records for 164 gaging stations; stage only record for 1 gaging station; water quality for 10 gaging stations, 56 partial-record flow stations and 113 wells; and water levels for 8 observation wells. Also included are 107 crest-stage partial-record stations and 103 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U. S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Territorial, and Federal agencies in Hawaii and other Pacific areas. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrHI751","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Government of American Samoa, the Government of Guam, and with other State, county, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report HI-75-1, xv, 401 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrHI751.","productDescription":"xv, 401 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,{"id":11114,"text":"ofr76167 - 1976 - History of irrigation and characteristics of streamflow in Nebraska, part of the North and South Platte River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T12:29:54","indexId":"ofr76167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-167","title":"History of irrigation and characteristics of streamflow in Nebraska, part of the North and South Platte River basins","docAbstract":"<p>More than 80 years of streamflow records have been collected in Nebraska. Such records are essential in planning water developments and managing water resources. Their value can be enhanced if the records are analyzed statistically. This report presents statistics on the flow of streams in the North and South Platte River basins. Major irrigation projects have been constructed in the basins since gaging of streams was begun, and the records of stream discharge at gaging stations show the effects on streamflow of those developments. Streamflow records presented in this report were computed from data that represent 1973 conditions.</p><p>All reservoirs on the North Platte River above Lake McConaughy are in Wyoming. The operation of those reservoirs and irrigation projects has a direct effect on the characteristics of streamflow in the Nebraska part of the basin. A brief description of the present river system is presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr76167","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, F.B., 1976, History of irrigation and characteristics of streamflow in Nebraska, part of the North and South Platte River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-167, vi, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76167.","productDescription":"vi, 98 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359567,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0167/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"North and South Platte River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.0570068359375,\n              41.000629848685385\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.78857421875,\n              41.000629848685385\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.78857421875,\n              42.11859868281563\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0570068359375,\n              42.11859868281563\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0570068359375,\n              41.000629848685385\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, F. Butler","contributorId":8856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Butler","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4724,"text":"twri07C1 - 1976 - Finite difference model for aquifer simulation in two dimensions with results of numerical experiments","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56027,"text":"ofr70211 - 1970 - A program to simulate and aquifer using alternating direction implicit-iterative procedure","indexId":"ofr70211","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"A program to simulate and aquifer using alternating direction implicit-iterative procedure"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4724,"text":"twri07C1 - 1976 - Finite difference model for aquifer simulation in two dimensions with results of numerical experiments","indexId":"twri07C1","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Finite difference model for aquifer simulation in two dimensions with results of numerical experiments"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-05T15:32:12.694992","indexId":"twri07C1","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"07-C1","title":"Finite difference model for aquifer simulation in two dimensions with results of numerical experiments","docAbstract":"<p>The model will simulate ground-water flow in an artesian aquifer, a water-table aquifer, or a combined artesian and water-table aquifer. The aquifer may be heterogeneous and anisotropic and have irregular boundaries. The source term in the flow equation may include well discharge, constant recharge, leakage from confining beds in which the effects of storage are considered, and evapotranspiration as a linear function of depth to water. </p><p>The theoretical development includes presentation of the appropriate flow equations and derivation of the finite-difference approximations (written for a variable grid). The documentation emphasizes the numerical techniques that can be used for solving the simultaneous equations and describes the results of numerical experiments using these techniques. Of the three numerical techniques available in the model, the strongly implicit procedure, in general, requires less computer time and has fewer numerical difficulties than do the iterative alternating direction implicit procedure and line successive overrelaxation (which includes a two-dimensional correction procedure to accelerate convergence). </p><p>The documentation includes a flow chart, program listing, an example simulation, and sections on designing an aquifer model and requirements for data input. It illustrates how model results can be presented on the line printer and pen plotters with a program that utilizes the graphical display software available from the Geological Survey Computer Center Division. In addition the model includes options for reading input data from a disk and writing intermediate results on a disk.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/twri07C1","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Trescott, P.C., Pinder, G.F., and Larson, S.P., 1976, Finite difference model for aquifer simulation in two dimensions with results of numerical experiments (Revision -1976): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 07-C1, vi, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri07C1.","productDescription":"vi, 116 p.","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384872,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri7-c1/html/pdf/TWRI_7-C1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri7-c1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revision -1976","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f46b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trescott, Peter C.","contributorId":21533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trescott","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pinder, George Francis","contributorId":99964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinder","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Francis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, S. P.","contributorId":34903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":10758,"text":"ofr76393 - 1976 - Statistical analysis of water-level, springflow, and streamflow data for the Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T16:31:05","indexId":"ofr76393","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-393","title":"Statistical analysis of water-level, springflow, and streamflow data for the Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Water-level, springflow, and streamflow data were used to develop simple and multiple linear-regression equations for use in estimating water levels in wells and the flow of three major springs in the Edwards aquifer in the eastern San Antonio area. The equations provide daily, monthly, and annual estimates that compare very favorably with observed data. Analyses of geologic and hydrologic data indicate that the water discharged by the major springs is supplied primarily by regional underflow from the west and southwest and by local recharge in the infiltration area in northern Bexar, Comal, and Hays Counties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr76393","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Edwards Underground Water District, the Texas Water Development Board, and the city of San Antonio","usgsCitation":"Puente, C., 1976, Statistical analysis of water-level, springflow, and streamflow data for the Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-393, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76393.","productDescription":"58 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0393/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":92271,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0393/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.0,29.0 ], [ -99.0,30.5 ], [ -97.75,30.5 ], [ -97.75,29.0 ], [ -99.0,29.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puente, Celso","contributorId":36140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puente","given":"Celso","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56336,"text":"wdrCT751 - 1976 - Water resources data for Connecticut, water year 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-30T19:11:02.830757","indexId":"wdrCT751","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CT-75-1","title":"Water resources data for Connecticut, water year 1975","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1975 water year for Connecticut consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 56 gaging stations; tidal volume for 1 gaging station; stage only records for 3 tidal-gaging stations; contents for 36 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 16 gaging stations, 39 partial-record flow stations, 3 lakes, 2 tidal stations, and 4 wells; and water levels for 27 observation wells. Also included are data for 65 crest-stage partial-record stations and 55 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. Locations of hydrologic stations are shown on figures 1 and 2. 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Each station </span><span>analysis includes lowest and highest mean daily discharges, flow duration, </span><span>statistics on normal monthly means, statistics on normal annual means, </span><span>statistics on log monthly means, statistics on log annual means, and annual </span><span>peak discharges.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7535","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Horner, R., 1976, Statistical summaries of Indiana streamflow data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 75-35, iv, 526 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7535.","productDescription":"iv, 526 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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,{"id":10288,"text":"ofr76594 - 1976 - Basic data on urban storm-water quality, Portland, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T08:52:21","indexId":"ofr76594","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-594","title":"Basic data on urban storm-water quality, Portland, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>To assess urban storm-water-quality characteristics in the metropolitan area of Portland, Oreg., seven drainage basins were selected with varying drainage areas, basin slopes, impervious areas, land uses, and active construction areas. &nbsp;Automatic water-quality samplers, rain gages, and stream gages were installed in each basin. &nbsp;From September 1, 1975, to may 1, 1976, data were collected to determine rainfall intensities and define discharge hydrographs. &nbsp;Almost 500 samples from the seven basins were analyzed to describe pollutographs for at least four complete storms on each of the basins. &nbsp;In addition to the storm samples, several base-flow samples were collected and analyzed for each site.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/ofr76594","usgsCitation":"McKenzie, S.W., and Miller, T.L., 1976, Basic data on urban storm-water quality, Portland, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-594, iv, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76594.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr76594.jpg"},{"id":324854,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0594/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.84500122070311,\n              45.35407536661815\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84500122070311,\n              45.54675503088241\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.46597290039062,\n              45.54675503088241\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.46597290039062,\n              45.35407536661815\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84500122070311,\n              45.35407536661815\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenzie, Stuart W.","contributorId":27841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Timothy L.","contributorId":9263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3072,"text":"wsp1608Q - 1976 - Hydrologic evaluation of salinity control and reclamation projects in the Indus Plain, Pakistan--A summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"wsp1608Q","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"Q","title":"Hydrologic evaluation of salinity control and reclamation projects in the Indus Plain, Pakistan--A summary","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the observations and findings of a team of four specialists from the U.S. Geological Survey assigned to Pakistan under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development during May to August 1972 for a hydrologic evaluation of Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects in the Indus Plain Individual members of the team undertook comprehensive studies related to climatology, surface-water hydrology, and the canal system; streamflow and sediment yields of the rivers; computer applications to hydrologic data; aquifer characteristics; hydrologic evaluation of Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects (SCARPs); tubewell performance; hydrology of shallow versus deep tubewells; well and well-screen design in the Indus Plain; evaluation of observed and anticipated trends in both private and public tubewell development; evaluation of water-quality programs, data analysis, and records, and computer coding of special water-quality data; and evaluation of water-level data, well discharge and specific-capacity tests and aquifer tests. \r\n\r\nThe reclamation program, by pumping from tubewells, has been notably successful in lowering the water table, in providing supplemental water for irrigation and for leaching of salinized soils, and in improving crop production. Some changes in water quality have been observed in SCARP-I and the Mona Scheme of SCARP-II, but these have not as yet (1972) significantly affected the utility of the water for irrigation. Problems associated with reclamation include control of deterioration in performance of tubewells and their rehabilitation, local brackish or saline-water encroachment, and maintenance of a favorable salt balance in the ground-water system. \r\n\r\nRapid and as yet (1972) unregulated growth of shallow private tubewell development in the past decade has introduced complicating factors to the reclamation planning of the early 1960's which had emphasized public tubewell development through the SCARP program. In comparing shallow (0-200 feet) with deep (200-400 feet} tubewell development, it is concluded that long-term response of the water table is the same, whether many shallow wells of small capacity or fewer deeper wells of large capacity pump the same total volume of water in the same area. Moreover, it is concluded that there is no definite advantage for either type of pumping regime with respect to water quality. \r\n\r\nUtilization of the Punjab aquifer could be greatly enhanced by recharge of high-quality water diverted from the Chenab and Jhelum Rivers to the Ravi and Sutlej Rivers by way of the link and irrigation canals during periods of surplus flow. Recharge to the aquifer could also be improved by diversion of high-quality water from the Chenab and the Jhelum to natural nalas and other surface drainageways during periods of surplus flow. Such recharge would be of much better quality than water leaching downward from irrigated fields. Continued monitoring of the hydrologic system and research on problems engendered by reclamation are essential to the viability of the SCARP program and related water-resources development in the Indus River Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608Q","usgsCitation":"Mundorff, M.J., Carrigan, P., Steele, T., and Randall, A., 1976, Hydrologic evaluation of salinity control and reclamation projects in the Indus Plain, Pakistan--A summary: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, v, 59 p. :ill., maps (some fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608Q.","productDescription":"v, 59 p. :ill., maps (some fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608q/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29939,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608q/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29940,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608q/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608q/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mundorff, Maurice John","contributorId":41404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrigan, P.H. Jr.","contributorId":21935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrigan","given":"P.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, T.D.","contributorId":38976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randall, A. D.","contributorId":81077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":49297,"text":"ofr76795 - 1976 - Combined use of digital aquifer models and field base-flow data to identify recharge leakage areas of artesian aquifers","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":49297,"text":"ofr76795 - 1976 - Combined use of digital aquifer models and field base-flow data to identify recharge leakage areas of artesian aquifers","indexId":"ofr76795","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Combined use of digital aquifer models and field base-flow data to identify recharge leakage areas of artesian aquifers"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046170,"text":"70046170 - 1977 - Combined use of digital aquifer models and field base-flow data to identify recharge-leakage areas of artesian aquifers","indexId":"70046170","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Combined use of digital aquifer models and field base-flow data to identify recharge-leakage areas of artesian aquifers"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70046170,"text":"70046170 - 1977 - Combined use of digital aquifer models and field base-flow data to identify recharge-leakage areas of artesian aquifers","indexId":"70046170","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Combined use of digital aquifer models and field base-flow data to identify recharge-leakage areas of artesian aquifers"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-29T13:27:51","indexId":"ofr76795","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-795","title":"Combined use of digital aquifer models and field base-flow data to identify recharge leakage areas of artesian aquifers","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr76795","usgsCitation":"Johnston, R., and Leahy, P., 1976, Combined use of digital aquifer models and field base-flow data to identify recharge leakage areas of artesian aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-795, 28 p., illus., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76795.","productDescription":"28 p., illus.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, R.H.","contributorId":19536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leahy, P.P.","contributorId":104896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leahy","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27839,"text":"wri7661 - 1976 - A model for calculating effects of liquid waste disposal in deep saline aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:01:44","indexId":"wri7661","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-61","title":"A model for calculating effects of liquid waste disposal in deep saline aquifer","docAbstract":"<p>Injection of liquid industrial wastes into confined underground saline aquifers can offer a good disposal alternative from both environmental and economic considerations. One of the needs in choosing from among several disposal alternatives is a means of evaluating the influence such an injection will have on the aquifer system. This report describes a mathematical model to accomplish this purpose.</p><p>The objective of the contract was to develop a three-dimensional transient mathematical model which would accurately simulate behavior of waste injection into deep saline aquifers. Fluid properties, density and viscosity are functions of pressure, temperature and composition to provide a comprehensive assessment tool. The model is a finite-difference numerical solution of the partial differential equations describing</p><ol><li>single phase flow in the aquifer,<br></li><li>energy transport by convection and conduction, and<br></li><li>compositional changes in the aquifer fluid.<br></li></ol><p>The model is not restricted to examining waste disposal operations. It can be used effectively to evaluate fresh water storage in saline aquifers, hot water storage in underground aquifers, salt water intrusion into groundwater flow systems and other similar applications.</p><p>The primary advantages of the present model can be summarized as:</p><ol><li>The model is user-oriented for easy application to full-scale evaluation needs.<br></li><li>The model is fully three-dimensional and transient.<br></li><li>The model is comprehensive accounting for density and viscosity variations in the aquifer due to temperature or compositional changes.</li><li>The model includes the effects of hydrodynamic dispersion in both the temperature and compositional mixing between resident and injected fluids.</li><li>The model energy balance includes the effects of pressure. This can be important in deep aquifer systems where the viscous pressure gradient is significant.</li><li>The model uses second-order correct space and time approximations to the convective terms. This minimizes the numerical dispersion problem.</li><li>The model is extremely flexible in providing a wide choice of boundary conditions. These include natural flow in the aquifer, aquifer influence functions around the perimeter of the grid in recognition that the gridded region does not have no-flow boundaries, heat losses into the overlying or underlying impermeable strata, and the wellbore heat and pressure drop calculations coupled to the aquifer flow equations.</li></ol><p>The limitations of the present techniques are:</p><ol><li>The use of the second-order correct finite-difference approximations introduces block size and time step restrictions. These restrictions, though considerably less stringent than explicit methods cause, depend upon the magnitude of the dispersivity.</li><li>The comprehensive nature of the model makes the computer time and storage requirements significant.</li><li>The model, because of its complexity, is not as efficient in reducing down to solve simpler problems as a specially written model would be.</li></ol><p>Included in the report are detailed descriptions of the approach used in the model, validation tests of the model, and a typical application of the model. A comparison volume documents the input data requirements, program structure, and an example problem for the model. '</p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7661","usgsCitation":"Intercomp Resource Development and Engineering, I., 1976, A model for calculating effects of liquid waste disposal in deep saline aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-61, 265 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7661.","productDescription":"265 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0061/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Intercomp Resource Development and Engineering, Inc.","contributorId":54251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Intercomp Resource Development and Engineering","given":"Inc.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3811,"text":"cir715D - 1976 - Hydrologic analysis and river-quality data programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir715D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"715","chapter":"D","title":"Hydrologic analysis and river-quality data programs","docAbstract":"For nearly half a century the Willamette River in Oregon experienced severe dissolved-oxygen problems related to large loads of organically rich waste waters from industries and municipalities. Since the mid-1950 's dissolved oxygen quality has gradually improved owing to low-flow augmentation, the achievement of basinwide secondary treatment, and the use of other waste-management practices. As a result, summer dissolved-oxygen levels have increased, salmon runs have returned, and the overall effort is widely regarded as a singular water-quality success. To document the improved dissolved-oxygen regimen, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted intensive studies of the Willamette during the summer low-flow seasons of 1973 and 1974. During each summer the mean daily dissolved-oxygen levels were found to be higher than 5 milligrams per liter throughout the river. Because of the basinwide secondary treatment, carbonaceous deoxygenation rates were low. In addition, almost half of the biochemical oxygen demand entering the Willamette was from diffuse (nonpoint) sources rather than outfalls. These results indicated that point-source biochemical oxygen demand was no longer the primary cause of dissolved-oxygen depletion. Instead, the major causes of deoxygenation were nitrification in a shallow ' surface active ' reach below Salem and an anomalous oxygen demand (believed to be primarily of benthal origin) in Portland Harbor. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/cir715D","usgsCitation":"Hines, W.G., Rickert, D.A., and McKenzie, S.W., 1976, Hydrologic analysis and river-quality data programs: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 715, v, p D1-D20,  ill., map ;28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir715D.","productDescription":"v, p D1-D20,  ill., map ;28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0715d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30881,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0715d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611bfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, Walter G.","contributorId":100360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rickert, David A.","contributorId":80247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickert","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenzie, Stuart W.","contributorId":27841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29405,"text":"wri7626 - 1976 - Water resources of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri7626","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-26","title":"Water resources of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 1,000-square-mile Warm Springs Indian Reservation in north-central Oregon were obtained and evaluated. The area is bounded on the west by the crest of the Cascade Range and on the south and east by the Metolius and Deschutes Rivers. The mountainous western part is underlain by young volcanic rocks, and the plateaus and valleys of the eastern part are underlain by basalt, tuff, sand, and gravel of Tertiary and Quaternary ages. There are numerous springs, some developed for stock use, and about 50 domestic and community wells; yields are small, ranging from less than 1 to as much as 25 gallons per minute. Chemical quality of most ground water is suitable for stock or human consumption and for irrigation. Average flows of the Warm Springs River, Metolius River, and Deschutes River are 440, 1,400, and 4,040 cubic feet per second (cfs), respectively. Shitike Creek, which has an average flow of 108 cfs had a peak of 4,000 cfs in January 1974. Most streams have fewer than 100 milligrams per liter (mg/liter) of dissolved solids. Chemical and biological quality of the mountain lakes is also good; of 10 lakes studied, all had fewer than 50 mg/liter of dissolved solids and none had measurable fecal coliform bacteria. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri7626","usgsCitation":"Robison, J.H., and Laenen, A., 1976, Water resources of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-26, v, 85 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7626.","productDescription":"v, 85 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":260337,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0026/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":260338,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0026/report.pdf"},{"id":260339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robison, J. H.","contributorId":60183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26135,"text":"wri76109 - 1976 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T11:24:18","indexId":"wri76109","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-109","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>Estimates of flood characteristics with recurrence intervals up to 100 years can be obtained at most sites in Nebraska by use of techniques presented in this report. Instructions, equations, and graphs are presented to aid the design engineer in estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods.</p>\n<p>For natural-flow streams, the estimating equations and graphical solutions are based on regional relations between floods of a specific return period and selected basin characteristics. Nebraska was subdivided into five hydrologic regions by means of regressions and residuals from the regressions. The boundaries of Regions 1 and 2 were determined to a great extent by differences in soil type. The divisions between Region 2 and Region 4 were also determined by differences in soil type. Boundaries of Region 3 and Region 5 are along or near basin divides.</p>\n<p>Flood magnitude and frequency solution diagrams are presented for major controlled streams such as the North Platte, South Platte, Platte, and Republican Rivers. Flood information on small controlled streams is limited to available station data.</p>\n<p>Flood characteristics are tabulated for 303 gaging stations having 13 or more years of record. These flood characteristics provide the best information on floods at these gaged sites.</p>\n<p>Observed maximum flood peaks at 303 gaging stations with 13 or more years of record and significant peaks at 57 short-term stations and 31 miscellaneous sites are useful in designing flood-control works for maximum safety from flood damage. Comparison is made with maximum observed floods in the United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lincoln, NE","doi":"10.3133/wri76109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Roads","usgsCitation":"Beckman, E., 1976, Magnitude and frequency of floods in Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-109, v, 128 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri76109.","productDescription":"v, 128 p.","numberOfPages":"137","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri76109.jpg"},{"id":324994,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":30476,"text":"wri76120 - 1976 - Application of the U.S. Geological Survey rainfall-runoff simulation model to improve flood-frequency estimates on small Tennessee streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri76120","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-120","title":"Application of the U.S. Geological Survey rainfall-runoff simulation model to improve flood-frequency estimates on small Tennessee streams","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey rainfall-runoff simulation model was used in conjunction with National Weather Service climatological data to improve flood-frequency estimates for 52 small drainage basins in Tennessee. The basins range in size from 0.17 to 64 square miles (0.44 to 166 square kilometers) and are distributed throughout the State. Model parameters were determined by calibration with observed data from each site. Average error of peak discharge simulation was about 36 percent. Techniques used in screening data for calibration as well as those used to optimize parameter values are discussed. A scheme developed to assess the relative accuracy of the frequency curves based on observed and simulated data indicated that the simulated data are equivalent to nine years of observed data in defining 2-year floods, and fifteen years in defining 100-year floods. Discharges corresponding to the best estimate of flows for selected recurrence intervals are tabulated for each modeled basin. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri76120","usgsCitation":"Wibben, H.C., 1976, Application of the U.S. Geological Survey rainfall-runoff simulation model to improve flood-frequency estimates on small Tennessee streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-120, v, 53 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri76120.","productDescription":"v, 53 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2409,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri76-0120","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_76_120.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a6cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wibben, Herman C.","contributorId":95926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wibben","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55267,"text":"wdrKS751 - 1976 - Water resources data for Kansas, water year 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T09:44:59","indexId":"wdrKS751","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"KS-75-1","title":"Water resources data for Kansas, water year 1975","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1975 water year for Kansas consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report contains discharge records for 143 gaging stations; stage and contents for 20 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 69 gaging stations; and water levels for 11 obser-vation wells. Also included are data for 125 crest-stage partial-record stations and 23 low-flow partial-record stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Kansas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrKS751","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Water resources data for Kansas, water year 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report KS-75-1, xii, 405 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrKS751.","productDescription":"xii, 405 p.","numberOfPages":"421","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360291,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1975/ks-75-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1975/ks-75-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":55807,"text":"wdrNM751 - 1976 - Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T13:29:39","indexId":"wdrNM751","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NM-75-1","title":"Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1975","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1975 water year for New Mexico consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 201 gaging stations; stage and contents far 23 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 62 gaging stations, 77 partial-record flow stations, 1 reservoir, 47 springs and 197 wells; and water levels for 93 observation wells. Also included are 162 crest-stage partial-record stations and 2 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic da,ta collection program, and are pu,blis\"Q,ed as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Mexico.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNM751","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Mexico and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NM-75-1, 624 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNM751.","productDescription":"624 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270286,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1975/nm-75-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0502,31.3322 ], [ -109.0502,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,31.3322 ], [ -109.0502,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b3ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56331,"text":"wdrGA751 - 1976 - Water resources data for Georgia, water year 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T13:41:58.836447","indexId":"wdrGA751","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"GA-75-1","title":"Water resources data for Georgia, water year 1975","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1975 water year for Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, · and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains discharge records for 91 gaging stations; stage only records for one gaging station; stage and contents for 16 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 16 continuous stations and 78 periodic stations. Also included are 99 crest-stage partial-record stations and two low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Georgia.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrGA751","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Georgia and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, Water resources data for Georgia, water year 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report GA-75-1, x, 368 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrGA751.","productDescription":"x, 368 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184936,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1975/ga-75-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":494292,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1975/ga-75-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":20881,"text":"ofr76499 - 1976 - Computer applications for step-backwater and floodway analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr76499","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-499","title":"Computer applications for step-backwater and floodway analyses","docAbstract":"A computer program which can be used to computer water-surface profiles for gradually varied, subcritical flow is described. Profiles are computed by the standard step-backwater method. Water-surface profiles may be obtained for both existing stream conditions and for stream conditions as modified by encroachment. The user may specify encroachment patterns in order to establish floodway limits for land-use management alternatives, or for flood-insurance studies. Applicable theories, computer solution methods, data requirements, and input data preparation are discussed in detail. Examples are presented to illustrate the computer output and potential program applications. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr76499","usgsCitation":"Shearman, J.O., 1976, Computer applications for step-backwater and floodway analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-499, v, 103 p. :ill. ;28 cm.; (119 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76499.","productDescription":"v, 103 p. :ill. ;28 cm.; (119 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0499/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50476,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0499/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7b31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shearman, James O.","contributorId":95048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18376,"text":"ofr76223 - 1976 - Radioactive mineral springs in Delta County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr76223","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-223","title":"Radioactive mineral springs in Delta County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The system of springs in Delta County, Colo., contains geochemical clues to the nature and location of buried uranium-mineralized rock. The springs, which occur along the Gunnison River and a principal tributary between Delta and Paonia, are regarded as evidence of a still-functioning hydrothermal system. Associated with the springs are hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide gas seeps, carbon dioxide gas-powered geysers, thick travertine deposits including radioactive travertine, and a flowing warm-water (41?C) radioactive well. Geochemical study of the springs is based on surface observations, on-site water-property measurements, and sampling of water, travertine, soft precipitates, and mud. The spring deposits are mostly carbonates, sulfates, sulfides, and chlorides that locally contain notable amounts of some elements, such as arsenic, barium, lithium, and radium. Samples from five localities have somewhat different trace element assemblages even though they are related to the same hydrothermal system. All the spring waters but one are dominated by sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate. The exception is an acid sulfate water with a pH of 2.9, which contains high concentrations of aluminum and iron. \r\n\r\nMost of the detectable radioactivity is due to the presence of radium-226, a uranium daughter product, but at least one spring precipitate contains abundant radium-228, a thorium daughter product. The 5:1 ratio of radium-228 to radium-226 suggests the proximity of a vein-type deposit as a source for the radium. The proposed locus of a thorium-uranium mineral deposit is believed to lie in the vicinity of Paonia, Colo. Exact direction and depth are not determinable from data now available.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr76223","usgsCitation":"Cadigan, R., Rosholt, J.N., and Felmlee, J., 1976, Radioactive mineral springs in Delta County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-223, iii, 39 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76223.","productDescription":"iii, 39 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47721,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a09d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cadigan, Robert A.","contributorId":93514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadigan","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosholt, John N.","contributorId":68336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Felmlee, J. Karen","contributorId":90311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felmlee","given":"J. Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":14422,"text":"ofr76247 - 1976 - Time-of-travel studies, Susquehanna River, Binghamton, New York, to Clarks Ferry, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T13:18:40","indexId":"ofr76247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-247","title":"Time-of-travel studies, Susquehanna River, Binghamton, New York, to Clarks Ferry, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Results of time-of-travel studies are presented in both tabular and graphical form for several flow conditions in the Susquehanna River from Binghamton, N.Y., to Clarks Ferry, Pa. This reach is approximately 240 miles (386 kilometres) long, measured along the center of the channel, and has a drainage area of about 19,700 square miles (51,000 square kilometres) at its downstream end.</p>\n<p>A solution of Rhodamine BA, a fluorescent dye, was injected into the river at selected sites. Water samples were collected throughout the study reach and were analyzed, by use of a fluorometer, for dye concentration.</p>\n<p>Time-of-travel data have been related to stream discharge and to distance along the river channel. These relations permit the estimation of travel time for a water-soluble contaminant moving between any two points within the study reach at any desired discharge in the lower-to- medium flow range.</p>\n<p>The range of discharge for these studies was from 1,560 ft3/s (44.2 m3/s) to 4,330 ft3/s (123 m3/s) at the Wilkes-Barre, Pa. gaging station. The recorded travel times for the typical subreach, Shickshinny, Pa. to Danville 'Pa., ranged from 72.5 hours to 36.7 hours.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","doi":"10.3133/ofr76247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the  Susquehanna River Basin Coordinating Committee","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, C., Armbruster, J., and Voytik, A., 1976, Time-of-travel studies, Susquehanna River, Binghamton, New York, to Clarks Ferry, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-247, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76247.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":148205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr76247.jpg"},{"id":324111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1976/0247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","city":"Binghamton, Clarks Ferry","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.069091796875,\n              40.40931350359072\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.069091796875,\n              42.17561739661684\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.73974609375,\n              42.17561739661684\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.73974609375,\n              40.40931350359072\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.069091796875,\n              40.40931350359072\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699baa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, C.D.","contributorId":98314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armbruster, J.T.","contributorId":101622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voytik, Andrew","contributorId":47755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytik","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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