The morphology and evolution of bed forms created by combinations of waves and currents were investigated using an oscillating plate in a 4-m-wide flume. Current speed ranged from 0 to 30 cm/s, maximum oscillatory velocity ranged from 20 to 48 cm/s, oscillation period was 8 s (except for one run with 12 s period), and the median grain size was 0.27 mm. The angle between oscillations and current was 90°, 60°, or 45°. At the end of each run the sand bed was photographed and ripple dimensions were measured. Ripple wavelength was also determined from sonar images collected throughout the runs. Increasing the ratio of current to wave (i.e., oscillatory) velocity decreased ripple height and wavelength, in part because of the increased fluid excursion during the wave period. Increasing the ratio of current to waves, or decreasing the angle between current and waves, increased the three-dimensionality of bed forms. During the runs, ripple wavelength increased by a factor of about 2. The average number of wave periods for evolution of ripple wavelength to 90% of its final value was 184 for two-dimensional ripples starting from a flat bed. Bed form orientations at the end of each run were compared to four potential controlling factors: the directions of waves, current, maximum instantaneous bed shear stress, and maximum gross bed form normal transport (MGBNT). The directions of waves and of MGBNT were equally good predictors of bed form orientations, and were significantly better than the other two factors.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2006JC003942","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lacy, J.R., Rubin, D.M., Ikeda, H., Mokudai, K., and Hanes, D.M., 2007, Bed forms created by simulated waves and currents in a large flume: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 112, no. C10, C10018; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003942.","productDescription":"C10018; 18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477251,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jc003942","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211311,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003942"},{"id":238580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"C10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f03be4b0c8380cd4a675","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikeda, Hiroshi","contributorId":78350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Hiroshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mokudai, Kuniyasu","contributorId":15402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mokudai","given":"Kuniyasu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanes, Daniel M.","contributorId":96360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031318,"text":"70031318 - 2007 - Steeply dipping heaving bedrock, Colorado: Part 3 - Environmental controls and heaving processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70031318","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steeply dipping heaving bedrock, Colorado: Part 3 - Environmental controls and heaving processes","docAbstract":"This paper examines the environmental processes and mechanisms that govern differential heaving in steeply dipping claystone bedrock near Denver, Colorado. Three potential heave mechanisms and causal processes were evaluated: (1) rebound expansion, from reduced overburden stress; (2) expansive gypsum-crystal precipitation, from oxidation of pyrite; and (3) swelling of clay minerals, from increased ground moisture. First, we documented the effect of short-term changes in overburden stress, atmospheric exposure, and ground moisture on bedrock at various field sites and in laboratory samples. Second, we documented differential heaving episodes in outcrops and at construction and developed sites. We found that unloading and exposure of the bedrock in construction-cut areas are essentially one-time processes that result in drying and desiccation of the near-surface bedrock, with no visible heaving response. In contrast, wetting produces a distinct swelling response in the claystone strata, and it may occur repeatedly as natural precipitation or from lawn irrigation. We documented 2.5 to 7.5 cm (1 to 3 in.) of differential heaving in 24 hours triggered by sudden infiltration of water at the exposed ground surface in outcrops and at construction sites. From these results, we interpret that rebound and pyrite weathering, both of which figure strongly into the long-term geologic evolution of the geologic framework, do not appear to be major heave mechanisms at these excavation depths. Heaving of the claystone takes two forms: (1) hydration swelling of dipping bentonitic beds or zones, and (2) hydration swelling within bedrock blocks accommodated by lateral, thrust-shear movements, along pre-existing bedding and fracture planes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.13.4.325","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Noe, D., Higgins, J., and Olsen, H.W., 2007, Steeply dipping heaving bedrock, Colorado: Part 3 - Environmental controls and heaving processes: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 13, no. 4, p. 325-344, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.4.325.","startPage":"325","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212558,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.4.325"},{"id":240059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9828e4b08c986b31be76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noe, D.C.","contributorId":95215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, J.D.","contributorId":37154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, H. W.","contributorId":10060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031322,"text":"70031322 - 2007 - Highstand fans in the California borderland: The overlooked deep-water depositional systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T12:01:19.203508","indexId":"70031322","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Highstand fans in the California borderland: The overlooked deep-water depositional systems","docAbstract":"Contrary to widely used sequence-stratigraphic models, lowstand fans are only part of the turbidite depositional record; our analysis reveals that a comparable volume of coarse-grained sediment has been deposited in California borderland deep-water basins regardless of sea level. Sedimentation rates and periods of active sediment transport have been determined for deep-water canyon-channel systems contributing to the southeastern Gulf of Santa Catalina and San Diego Trough since 40 ka using an extensive grid of high-resolution and deep-penetration seismic-reflection data. A regional seismic-reflection horizon (40 ka) has been correlated across the study area using radiocarbon age dates from the Mohole borehole and U.S. Geological Survey piston cores. This study focused on the submarine fans fed by the Oceanside, Carlsbad, and La Jolla Canyons, all of which head within the length of the Ocean-side littoral cell. The Oceanside Canyon–channel system was active from 45 to 13 ka, and the Carlsbad system was active from 50 (or earlier) to 10 ka. The La Jolla system was active over two periods, from 50 (or earlier) to 40 ka, and from 13 ka to the present. One or more of these canyon-channel systems have been active regardless of sea level. During sea-level fluctuation, shelf width between the canyon head and the littoral zone is the primary control on canyon-channel system activity. Highstand fan deposition occurs when a majority of the sediment within the Oceanside littoral cell is intercepted by one of the canyon heads, currently La Jolla Canyon. Since 40 ka, the sedimentation rate on the La Jolla highstand fan has been >2 times the combined rates on the Oceanside and Carlsbad lowstand fans.
Understanding relative sea level (RSL) rise during periods of rapid climatic change is critical for evaluating modern sea level rise given the vulnerability of Antarctic ice shelves to collapse [Hodgson et al, 2006], the retreat of the world's glaciers [Oerlemans, 2005], and mass balance trends of the Greenland ice sheet [Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2006]. The first-order pattern of global sea level rise following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21,000 years ago) is well established from coral [Fairbanks, 1989], continental shelf [Hanebuth et al, 2000], and other records [Pirazzoli, 2000] and has been integrated into a global ICE-5G model of glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) [Peltier, 2004]. However, uncertainty introduced by paleo water depth of sea level indicators, radiocarbon chronology (i.e., reservoir corrections for marine shell dates), postglacial isostatic adjustment, and other processes affecting vertical position of former shorelines produces scatter in RSL curves, limiting our knowledge of sea level rise during periods of rapid glacial decay.
One example of this limitation is the Gulf of Mexico/Florida region where, despite decades of study, RSL curves produce two conflicting patterns: those showing progressive submergence with a decelerating rate during the past 5000 years [Scholl et al, 1969] and those showing high sea level during the middle of the Holocene [Blum et al, 2001; Balsillie and Donoghue, 2004], where the Holocene represents a geologic epoch that extends from about 10,000 years ago to present times. This discrepancy is emblematic of the uncertainty surrounding Holocene sea level and ice volume history in general.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2007EO100002","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T., Edgar, N., Brooks, G.L., Hastings, D., Larson, R., Hine, A., Locker, S., Suthard, B., Flower, B., Hollander, D., Wehmiller, J., Willard, D., and Smith, S., 2007, Sea level rise in Tampa Bay: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 88, no. 10, p. 117-118, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007EO100002.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"118","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007eo100002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.70233154296875,\n 27.632440508426797\n ],\n [\n -82.5677490234375,\n 27.586197857692664\n ],\n [\n -82.41668701171875,\n 27.661636331915222\n ],\n [\n -82.37274169921875,\n 27.817215593059487\n ],\n [\n -82.386474609375,\n 27.97984914504167\n ],\n [\n -82.73254394531249,\n 28.05259082333986\n ],\n [\n -82.70233154296875,\n 27.632440508426797\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87ebe4b08c986b316716","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T.","contributorId":88061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edgar, N.T.","contributorId":35812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Gillian L.","contributorId":31033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Gillian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hastings, D.","contributorId":43186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, R.","contributorId":30438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hine, A.","contributorId":96107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Locker, S.","contributorId":72218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Suthard, B.","contributorId":103105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suthard","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Flower, B.","contributorId":51116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flower","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hollander, D.","contributorId":52417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollander","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wehmiller, J.","contributorId":20997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmiller","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Smith, S.","contributorId":20698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70035386,"text":"70035386 - 2007 - The geophysical character of southern Alaska - Implications for crustal evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:53:29","indexId":"70035386","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geophysical character of southern Alaska - Implications for crustal evolution","docAbstract":"The southern Alaska continental margin has undergone a long and complicated history of plate convergence, subduction, accretion, and margin-parallel displacements. The crustal character of this continental margin is discernible through combined analysis of aeromagnetic and gravity data with key constraints from previous seismic interpretation. Regional magnetic data are particularly useful in defining broad geophysical domains. One of these domains, the south Alaska magnetic high, is the focus of this study. It is an intense and continuous magnetic high up to 200 km wide and ∼1500 km long extending from the Canadian border in the Wrangell Mountains west and southwest through Cook Inlet to the Bering Sea shelf. Crustal thickness beneath the south Alaska magnetic high is commonly 40–50 km. Gravity analysis indicates that the south Alaska magnetic high crust is dense. The south Alaska magnetic high spatially coincides with the Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes. The thick, dense, and magnetic character of this domain requires significant amounts of mafic rocks at intermediate to deep crustal levels. In Wrangellia these mafic rocks are likely to have been emplaced during Middle and (or) Late Triassic Nikolai Greenstone volcanism. In the Peninsular terrane, the most extensive period of mafic magmatism now known was associated with the Early Jurassic Talkeetna Formation volcanic arc. Thus the thick, dense, and magnetic character of the south Alaska magnetic high crust apparently developed as the response to mafic magmatism in both extensional (Wrangellia) and subduction-related arc (Peninsular terrane) settings. The south Alaska magnetic high is therefore a composite crustal feature. At least in Wrangellia, the crust was probably of average thickness (30 km) or greater prior to Triassic mafic magmatism. Up to 20 km (40%) of its present thickness may be due to the addition of Triassic mafic magmas. Throughout the south Alaska magnetic high, significant crustal growth was caused by the addition of mafic magmas at intermediate to deep crustal levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2007.2431(01)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Hudson, T.L., and Wilson, F.H., 2007, The geophysical character of southern Alaska - Implications for crustal evolution: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 431, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2431(01).","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.2431(01)"}],"volume":"431","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac81e4b08c986b32353d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029835,"text":"70029835 - 2007 - Spatial analysis of land use and shallow groundwater vulnerability in the watershed adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70029835","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial analysis of land use and shallow groundwater vulnerability in the watershed adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Spatial relations between land use and groundwater quality in the watershed adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia, USA were analyzed by the use of two spatial models. One model used a logit analysis and the other was based on geostatistics. The models were developed and compared on the basis of existing concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen in samples from 529 domestic wells. The models were applied to produce spatial probability maps that show areas in the watershed where concentrations of nitrate in groundwater are likely to exceed a predetermined management threshold value. Maps of the watershed generated by logistic regression and probability kriging analysis showing where the probability of nitrate concentrations would exceed 3 mg/L (>0.50) compared favorably. Logistic regression was less dependent on the spatial distribution of sampled wells, and identified an additional high probability area within the watershed that was missed by probability kriging. The spatial probability maps could be used to determine the natural or anthropogenic factors that best explain the occurrence and distribution of elevated concentrations of nitrate (or other constituents) in shallow groundwater. This information can be used by local land-use planners, ecologists, and managers to protect water supplies and identify land-use planning solutions and monitoring programs in vulnerable areas. ?? 2006 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-006-0583-8","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"LaMotte, A., and Greene, E., 2007, Spatial analysis of land use and shallow groundwater vulnerability in the watershed adjacent to Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia, USA: Environmental Geology, v. 52, no. 7, p. 1413-1421, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0583-8.","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1421","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0583-8"},{"id":240280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b941fe4b08c986b31a89d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaMotte, A.E.","contributorId":45903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, E.A.","contributorId":75575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029836,"text":"70029836 - 2007 - Increased groundwater to stream discharge from permafrost thawing in the Yukon River basin: Potential impacts on lateral export of carbon and nitrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T10:06:39","indexId":"70029836","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased groundwater to stream discharge from permafrost thawing in the Yukon River basin: Potential impacts on lateral export of carbon and nitrogen","docAbstract":"Arctic and subarctic watersheds are undergoing climate warming, permafrost thawing, and thermokarst formation resulting in quantitative shifts in surface water - groundwater interaction at the basin scale. Groundwater currently comprises almost one fourth of Yukon River water discharged to the Bering Sea and contributes 5-10% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) and 35-45% of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nitrogen (DIN) loads. Long-term strearnflow records (>30 yrs) of the Yukon River basin indicate a general upward trend in groundwater contribution to streamflow of 0.7-0.9%/yr and no pervasive change in annual flow. We propose that the increases in groundwater contributions were caused predominately by climate warming and permafrost thawing that enhances infiltration and supports deeper flowpaths. The increased groundwater fraction may result in decreased DOC and DON and increased DIC and DIN export when annual flow remains unchanged.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2007GL030216","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., and Striegl, R.G., 2007, Increased groundwater to stream discharge from permafrost thawing in the Yukon River basin: Potential impacts on lateral export of carbon and nitrogen: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030216.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477214,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl030216","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030216"}],"volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39f9e4b0c8380cd61ae1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035632,"text":"70035632 - 2007 - Upper triassic continental margin strata of the central alaska range: Implications for paleogeographic reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T12:18:42.313193","indexId":"70035632","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper triassic continental margin strata of the central alaska range: Implications for paleogeographic reconstruction","docAbstract":"Remnants of a Late Triassic continental margin and ocean basin are scattered across central and southern Alaska. Little is known about the fundamental nature of the margin because most remnants have not been studied in detail and a protracted period of terrane accretion and margin-parallel translation has disrupted original stratigraphic and structural relationships.
\nThree new conodont collections were recovered from a sequence of Upper Triassic calcareous sedimentary rocks in the central Alaska Range. One of the three localities is north of the Denali fault system in an area previously thought to be underlain by an uninterrupted sequence of metamorphic rocks of the parautochthonous Yukon-Tanana terrane. Structural relations in the immediate vicinity of this conodont locality indicate that mid-Cretaceous(?) thrust faulting imbricated Paleozoic metaigneous rocks with the Triassic sedimentary rocks. This may reflect a closer pre-Cretaceous relationship between the Yukon-Tanana terrane and Late Triassic shelf and slope deposits than previously appreciated.
\nReexamination of existing conodont collections from the central Alaska Range indicates that Upper Triassic marine slope and basin rocks range in age from at least as old as the late Carnian to the early middle Norian. The conodont assemblages typical of these rocks are generally cosmopolitan and do not define a distinct paleogeographic faunal realm. One collection, however, containsEpigondolella multidentata sensu Orchard 1991c, which appears to be restricted to western North American autochthonous rocks. Although paleogeographic relations cannot be determined with specificity, the present distribution of biofaces within the Upper Triassic sequence could not have been the result of simple accordion-style collapse of the Late Triassic margin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2007.2431(08)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Till, A., Harris, A., Wardlaw, B.R., and Mullen, M., 2007, Upper triassic continental margin strata of the central alaska range: Implications for paleogeographic reconstruction: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 431, p. 191-205, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2431(08).","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"205","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"431","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd5fe4b08c986b328fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Till, A.B.","contributorId":37755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullen, M.","contributorId":101486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullen","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029743,"text":"70029743 - 2007 - Reappearance of deepwater sculpin in Lake Ontario: Resurgence or last gasp of a doomed population?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T10:13:58","indexId":"70029743","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reappearance of deepwater sculpin in Lake Ontario: Resurgence or last gasp of a doomed population?","docAbstract":"Deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) were abundant in Lake Ontario in the 1920s and at least common into the 1940s. By the 1960s they were rare and, thereafter, some considered the population extirpated even though a synoptic survey of the lake in 1972 produced three, relatively large (148–165 mm total length, TL), and presumably old, specimens from the northern half of the lake. Deepwater sculpin were absent from annual survey catches in the 1980s and did not reappear until 1996, when three were caught in northern Lake Ontario. Isolated collections of deepwater sculpin continued during 1998–2004. Catches during 1996–2004 included five smaller individuals, 89–118 mm TL. In 2005, catches increased sharply, with 18 deepwater sculpin collected from southern waters and one from northern waters. Moreover, young, small sculpin were dominant in 2005—16 of the 19 sculpins averaged 68 ± 12 mm total length (± 1 s.d.). The young fish observed since 1996 could have originated from reproduction by the small in-lake population, from downstream drift of planktonic larvae from Lake Huron, or both. The presence of juveniles is a clear sign that conditions for survival of young deepwater sculpin are becoming more favorable, perhaps because of reduced abundance of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), a pelagic planktivore linked to depression of deepwater sculpin in Lake Michigan, and also low abundances of burbot (Lota lota) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), benthic piscivores.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[34:RODSIL]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Lantry, B., O'Gorman, R., Walsh, M.G., Casselman, J., Hoyle, J., Keir, M., and Lantry, J., 2007, Reappearance of deepwater sculpin in Lake Ontario: Resurgence or last gasp of a doomed population?: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. Supplement 1, p. 34-45, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[34:RODSIL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212945,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[34:RODSIL]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95b3e4b0c8380cd81bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lantry, B.F.","contributorId":19105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Gorman, R.","contributorId":48896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Gorman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, M. G.","contributorId":72172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casselman, J.M.","contributorId":35278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casselman","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoyle, J.A.","contributorId":23903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyle","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keir, M.J.","contributorId":26518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keir","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lantry, J.R.","contributorId":20972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033022,"text":"70033022 - 2007 - Responses of hydrochemical inorganic ions in the rainfall-runoff processes of the experimental catchments and its significance for tracing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033022","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3387,"text":"Shuikexue Jinzhan/Advances in Water Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of hydrochemical inorganic ions in the rainfall-runoff processes of the experimental catchments and its significance for tracing","docAbstract":"Aimed at the rainfall-runoff tracing using inorganic ions, the experimental study is conducted in the Chuzhou Hydrology Laboratory with special designed experimental catchments, lysimeters, etc. The various runoff components including the surface runoff, interflow from the unsaturated zone and the groundwater flow from saturated zone were monitored hydrometrically. Hydrochemical inorganic ions including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- + CO32-, NO3-, F-, NH4-, PO42-, SiO2 and, pH, EC, 18O were measured within a one month period for all processes of rainfall, various runoff components and groundwater within the catchment from 17 boreholes distributed in the Hydrohill Catchment, few soil water samples were also included. The results show that: (a) all the runoff components are distinctly identifiable from both the relationships of Ca2+ versus Cl-/SO42-, EC versus Na+/(Na+ + Ca2+) and, from most inorganic ions individually; (b) the variation of inorganic ions in surface runoff is the biggest than that in other flow components; (c) most ions has its lowermost concentration in rainfall process but it increases as the generation depths of runoff components increased; (d) quantitatively, ion processes of rainfall and groundwater flow display as two end members of that of other runoff components; and (e) the 18O processes of rainfall and runoff components show some correlation with that of inorganic ions. The results also show that the rainfall input is not always the main source of inorganic ions of various runoff outputs due to the process of infiltration and dissolution resulted from the pre-event processes. The amount and sources of Cl- of runoff components with various generation mechanisms challenge the current method of groundwater recharge estimation using Cl-.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Shuikexue Jinzhan/Advances in Water Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"10016791","usgsCitation":"Gu, W., Lu, J., Zhao, X., and Peters, N., 2007, Responses of hydrochemical inorganic ions in the rainfall-runoff processes of the experimental catchments and its significance for tracing: Shuikexue Jinzhan/Advances in Water Science, v. 18, no. 1, p. 1-7.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaaa2e4b0c8380cd8643a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, W.-Z.","contributorId":101884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"W.-Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, J.-J.","contributorId":31989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"J.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhao, X.","contributorId":68486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031700,"text":"70031700 - 2007 - Long-term performance of Aanderaa optodes and sea-bird SBE-43 dissolved-oxygen sensors bottom mounted at 32 m in Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-03T12:54:21","indexId":"70031700","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2186,"text":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term performance of Aanderaa optodes and sea-bird SBE-43 dissolved-oxygen sensors bottom mounted at 32 m in Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"A field evaluation of two new dissolved-oxygen sensing technologies, the Aanderaa Instruments AS optode model 3830 and the Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., model SBE43, was carried out at about 32-m water depth in western Massachusetts Bay. The optode is an optical sensor that measures fluorescence quenching by oxygen molecules, while the SBE43 is a Clark polarographic membrane sensor. Optodes were continuously deployed on bottom tripod frames by exchanging sensors every 4 months over a 19-month period. A Sea-Bird SBE43 was added during one 4-month deployment. These moored observations compared well with oxygen measurements from profiles collected during monthly shipboard surveys conducted by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. The mean correlation coefficient between the moored measurements and shipboard survey data was >0.9, the mean difference was 0.06 mL L−1, and the standard deviation of the difference was 0.15 mL L−1. The correlation coefficient between the optode and the SBE43 was >0.9 and the mean difference was 0.07 mL L−1. Optode measurements degraded when fouling was severe enough to block oxygen molecules from entering the sensing foil over a significant portion of the sensing window. Drift observed in two optodes beginning at about 225 and 390 days of deployment is attributed to degradation of the sensing foil. Flushing is necessary to equilibrate the Sea-Bird sensor. Power consumption by the SBE43 and required pump was 19.2 mWh per sample, and the optode consumed 0.9 mWh per sample, both within expected values based on manufacturers’ specifications.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JTECH2078.1","usgsCitation":"Martini, M.A., Butman, B., and Mickelson, M.J., 2007, Long-term performance of Aanderaa optodes and sea-bird SBE-43 dissolved-oxygen sensors bottom mounted at 32 m in Massachusetts Bay: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v. 24, no. 11, p. 1924-1935, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH2078.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1924","endPage":"1935","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech2078.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.03759765625,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -69.686279296875,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -69.686279296875,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -71.03759765625,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -71.03759765625,\n 41.64007838467894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49a1e4b0c8380cd6877d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mickelson, Michael J.","contributorId":54020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033055,"text":"70033055 - 2007 - Global impacts of conversions from natural to agricultural ecosystems on water resources: Quantity versus quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:12:05","indexId":"70033055","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global impacts of conversions from natural to agricultural ecosystems on water resources: Quantity versus quality","docAbstract":"Past land use changes have greatly impacted global water resources, with often opposing effects on water quantity and quality. Increases in rain‐fed cropland (460%) and pastureland (560%) during the past 300 years from forest and grasslands decreased evapotranspiration and increased recharge (two orders of magnitude) and streamflow (one order of magnitude). However, increased water quantity degraded water quality by mobilization of salts, salinization caused by shallow water tables, and fertilizer leaching into underlying aquifers that discharge to streams. Since the 1950s, irrigated agriculture has expanded globally by 174%, accounting for ∼90% of global freshwater consumption. Irrigation based on surface water reduced streamflow and raised water tables resulting in waterlogging in many areas (China, India, and United States). Marked increases in groundwater‐fed irrigation in the last few decades in these areas has lowered water tables (≤1 m/yr) and reduced streamflow. Degradation of water quality in irrigated areas has resulted from processes similar to those in rain‐fed agriculture: salt mobilization, salinization in waterlogged areas, and fertilizer leaching. Strategies for remediating water resource problems related to agriculture often have opposing effects on water quantity and quality. Long time lags (decades to centuries) between land use changes and system response (e.g., recharge, streamflow, and water quality), particularly in semiarid regions, mean that the full impact of land use changes has not been realized in many areas and remediation to reverse impacts will also take a long time. Future land use changes should consider potential impacts on water resources, particularly trade‐offs between water, salt, and nutrient balances, to develop sustainable water resources to meet human and ecosystem needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005486","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Jolly, I., Sophocleous, M., and Zhang, L., 2007, Global impacts of conversions from natural to agricultural ecosystems on water resources: Quantity versus quality: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 3, Article W03437; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005486.","productDescription":"Article W03437; 18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005486","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a294be4b0c8380cd5a821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jolly, Ian","contributorId":56859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jolly","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sophocleous, Marios","contributorId":77673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"Marios","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, Lu","contributorId":105238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Lu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033080,"text":"70033080 - 2007 - Insights into the use of time-lapse GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations of DNAPL migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033080","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into the use of time-lapse GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations of DNAPL migration","docAbstract":"Perchloroethylene (PCE) saturations determined from GPR surveys were used as observations for inversion of multiphase flow simulations of a PCE injection experiment (Borden 9??m cell), allowing for the estimation of optimal bulk intrinsic permeability values. The resulting fit statistics and analysis of residuals (observed minus simulated PCE saturations) were used to improve the conceptual model. These improvements included adjustment of the elevation of a permeability contrast, use of the van Genuchten versus Brooks-Corey capillary pressure-saturation curve, and a weighting scheme to account for greater measurement error with larger saturation values. A limitation in determining PCE saturations through one-dimensional GPR modeling is non-uniqueness when multiple GPR parameters are unknown (i.e., permittivity, depth, and gain function). Site knowledge, fixing the gain function, and multiphase flow simulations assisted in evaluating non-unique conceptual models of PCE saturation, where depth and layering were reinterpreted to provide alternate conceptual models. Remaining bias in the residuals is attributed to the violation of assumptions in the one-dimensional GPR interpretation (which assumes flat, infinite, horizontal layering) resulting from multidimensional influences that were not included in the conceptual model. While the limitations and errors in using GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations are frustrating and difficult to quantify, simulation results indicate that the error and bias in the PCE saturation values are small enough to still provide reasonable optimal permeability values. The effort to improve model fit and reduce residual bias decreases simulation error even for an inversion based on biased observations and provides insight into alternate GPR data interpretations. Thus, this effort is warranted and provides information on bias in the observation data when this bias is otherwise difficult to assess. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.003","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., and Poeter, E.P., 2007, Insights into the use of time-lapse GPR data as observations for inverse multiphase flow simulations of DNAPL migration: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 89, no. 1-2, p. 136-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.003.","startPage":"136","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213123,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.003"},{"id":240716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c21e4b0c8380cd62abc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R.H.","contributorId":7041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, E. P.","contributorId":63851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032831,"text":"70032831 - 2007 - Cryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T16:28:28","indexId":"70032831","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper","docAbstract":"The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper obtained Synthetic Aperture Radar images of Titan's surface during four fly-bys during the mission's first year. These images show that Titan's surface is very complex geologically, showing evidence of major planetary geologic processes, including cryovolcanism. This paper discusses the variety of cryovolcanic features identified from SAR images, their possible origin, and their geologic context. The features which we identify as cryovolcanic in origin include a large (180 km diameter) volcanic construct (dome or shield), several extensive flows, and three calderas which appear to be the source of flows. The composition of the cryomagma on Titan is still unknown, but constraints on rheological properties can be estimated using flow thickness. Rheological properties of one flow were estimated and appear inconsistent with ammonia-water slurries, and possibly more consistent with ammonia-water-methanol slurries. The extent of cryovolcanism on Titan is still not known, as only a small fraction of the surface has been imaged at sufficient resolution. Energetic considerations suggest that cryovolcanism may have been a dominant process in the resurfacing of Titan.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.006","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Lopes, R., Mitchell, K.L., Stofan, E.R., Lunine, J.I., Lorenz, R.D., Paganelli, F., Kirk, R.L., Wood, C.A., Wall, S.D., Robshaw, L., Fortes, A., Neish, C.D., Radebaugh, J., Reffet, E., Ostro, S., Elachi, C., Allison, M., Anderson, Y., Boehmer, R., Boubin, G., Callahan, P.S., Encrenaz, P., Flamini, E., Francescetti, G., Gim, Y., Hamilton, G., Hensley, S., Janssen, M.A., Johnson, W., Kelleher, K., Muhleman, D., Ori, G., Orosei, R., Picardi, G., Posa, F., Roth, L., Seu, R., Shaffer, S., Soderblom, L.A., Stiles, B., Vetrella, S., West, R., Wye, L., and Zebker, H., 2007, Cryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper: Icarus, v. 186, no. 2, p. 395-412, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.006.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"412","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal-univ-paris.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03658047","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"186","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcf5e4b0c8380cd4e540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Rosaly","contributorId":210492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopes","given":"Rosaly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, K. L.","contributorId":62734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stofan, Ellen R.","contributorId":103746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stofan","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lunine, Jonathan I.","contributorId":82447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorenz, Ralf D.","contributorId":147255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Ralf","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paganelli, F.","contributorId":17353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paganelli","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wood, C. A.","contributorId":35057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wall, Stephen D.","contributorId":7825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Robshaw, L.E.","contributorId":88161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robshaw","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fortes, A.D.","contributorId":64464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortes","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Neish, Catherine D.","contributorId":13355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neish","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Radebaugh, Jani","contributorId":101792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"Jani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Reffet, E.","contributorId":66063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reffet","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ostro, S.J.","contributorId":45814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostro","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Elachi, Charles","contributorId":211194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":438154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Allison, M.D.","contributorId":76056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Anderson, Y.","contributorId":60369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Boehmer, R.","contributorId":47957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehmer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Boubin, G.","contributorId":86971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boubin","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Callahan, Philip S.","contributorId":69285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callahan","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Encrenaz, P.","contributorId":99358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Encrenaz","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Flamini, E.","contributorId":68087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flamini","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Francescetti, G.","contributorId":72996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francescetti","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Gim, Y.","contributorId":14934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gim","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Hamilton, G.","contributorId":108236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Hensley, S.","contributorId":6175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Janssen, Michael A.","contributorId":211182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janssen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Johnson, W.T.K.","contributorId":27174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Kelleher, K.","contributorId":102677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelleher","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Muhleman, D.O.","contributorId":22900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhleman","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Ori, G.","contributorId":16634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ori","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Orosei, R.","contributorId":28347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orosei","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Picardi, G.","contributorId":21674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picardi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Posa, F.","contributorId":43552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Posa","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Roth, L.E.","contributorId":44746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Seu, R.","contributorId":53509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seu","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Shaffer, S.","contributorId":89709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Stiles, B.","contributorId":59547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"West, R.D.","contributorId":103399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42},{"text":"Wye, L.","contributorId":40333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wye","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":43},{"text":"Zebker, H. A.","contributorId":90457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":44}]}} ,{"id":70032830,"text":"70032830 - 2007 - Sexual selection drives speciation in an Amazonian frog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T10:09:42","indexId":"70032830","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sexual selection drives speciation in an Amazonian frog","docAbstract":"One proposed mechanism of speciation is divergent sexual selection, whereby divergence in female preferences and male signals results in behavioural isolation. Despite the appeal of this hypothesis, evidence for it remains inconclusive. Here, we present several lines of evidence that sexual selection is driving behavioural isolation and speciation among populations of an Amazonian frog (Physalaemus petersi). First, sexual selection has promoted divergence in male mating calls and female preferences for calls between neighbouring populations, resulting in strong behavioural isolation. Second, phylogenetic analysis indicates that populations have become fixed for alternative call types several times throughout the species' range, and coalescent analysis rejects genetic drift as a cause for this pattern, suggesting that this divergence is due to selection. Finally, gene flow estimated with microsatellite loci is an average of 30 times lower between populations with different call types than between populations separated by a similar geographical distance with the same call type, demonstrating genetic divergence and incipient speciation. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence that sexual selection is driving behavioural isolation and speciation, supporting sexual selection as a cause for speciation in the wild. ?? 2006 The Royal Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2006.3736","issn":"09628436","usgsCitation":"Boul, K., Funk, W., Darst, C., Cannatella, D., and Ryan, M., 2007, Sexual selection drives speciation in an Amazonian frog: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 274, no. 1608, p. 399-406, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3736.","startPage":"399","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477223,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3736","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213807,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3736"}],"volume":"274","issue":"1608","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8dc1e4b08c986b318543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boul, K.E.","contributorId":31213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boul","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, W.C.","contributorId":29934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darst, C.R.","contributorId":21771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darst","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannatella, D.C.","contributorId":25003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannatella","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, M.J.","contributorId":97713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033112,"text":"70033112 - 2007 - Evaluating nephrotoxicity of high-molecular-weight organic compounds in drinking water from lignite aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T20:30:44","indexId":"70033112","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2481,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating nephrotoxicity of high-molecular-weight organic compounds in drinking water from lignite aquifers","docAbstract":"High-molecular-weight organic compounds such as humic acids and/or fulvic acids that are naturally mobilized from lignite beds into untreated drinking-water supplies were suggested as one possible cause of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and cancer of the renal pelvis. A lab investigation was undertaken in order to assess the nephrotoxic potential of such organic compounds using an in vitro tissue culture model. Because of the infeasibility of exposing kidney tissue to low concentrations of organics for years in the lab, tangential flow ultrafiltration was employed to hyperconcentrate samples suitable for discerning effects in the short time frames necessitated by tissue culture systems. Effects on HK-2 kidney cells were measured using two different cell proliferation assays (MTT and alamarBlue). Results demonstrated that exposure of kidney tissue to high-molecular-weight organics produced excess cell death or proliferation depending on concentration and duration of exposure. Copyright ?? Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/15287390701551274","issn":"15287394","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, J., Tatu, C., Lerch, H., Orem, W., and Pavlovic, N., 2007, Evaluating nephrotoxicity of high-molecular-weight organic compounds in drinking water from lignite aquifers: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, v. 70, no. 24, p. 2089-2091, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390701551274.","startPage":"2089","endPage":"2091","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390701551274"},{"id":241158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0beae4b0c8380cd5293c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, J.E.","contributorId":63512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatu, C. A.","contributorId":89942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tatu","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lerch, H.E.","contributorId":100371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pavlovic, N.","contributorId":13912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033185,"text":"70033185 - 2007 - Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T13:49:54","indexId":"70033185","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. II: Measurement, modeling, and management","docAbstract":"Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples—the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor—illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid mud.
Three dimictic lakes and one meromictic lake in and near the Trout Lake, Wisconsin, watershed were sampled to determine the variation of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations within the lakes. The lakes were sampled during stratified conditions, during fall turnover, and during ice cover. The results demonstrate a considerable variation in CFC concentrations and corresponding atmospheric mixing ratios in the lakes sampled, both with depth and season within a given lake, and across different lakes. CFC profiles and observed degradation were not related to the groundwater inflow rate and hence are likely the result of in‐lake processes influenced by CFC degradation in the (lake) water column, CFC degradation in the lake‐bed sediments, and gas exchange rates and the duration of turnover (turnover efficiency).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004647","usgsCitation":"Walker, J.F., Saad, D.A., and Hunt, R.J., 2007, Dynamics of CFCs in northern temperate lakes and adjacent groundwater: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 4, Article W04423; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004647.","productDescription":"Article W04423; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a042ce4b0c8380cd50829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029833,"text":"70029833 - 2007 - Hydrogeologic controls imposed by mechanical stratigraphy in layered rocks of the Chateauguay River Basin, a U.S.-Canada transborder aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T13:19:44","indexId":"70029833","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic controls imposed by mechanical stratigraphy in layered rocks of the Chateauguay River Basin, a U.S.-Canada transborder aquifer","docAbstract":"[1] The Châteauguay River Basin delineates a transborder watershed with roughly half of its surface area located in northern New York State and half in southern Québec Province, Canada. As part of a multidisciplinary study designed to characterize the hydrogeologic properties of this basin, geophysical logs were obtained in 12 wells strategically located to penetrate the four major sedimentary rock formations that constitute the regional aquifers. The layered rocks were classified according to their elastic properties into three primary units: soft sandstone, hard sandstone, and dolostone. Downhole measurements were analyzed to identify fracture patterns associated with each unit and to evaluate their role in controlling groundwater flow. Fracture networks are composed of orthogonal sets of laterally extensive, subhorizontal bedding plane partings and bed-delimited, subvertical joints with spacings that are consistent with rock mechanics principles and stress models. The vertical distribution of transmissive zones is confined to a few select bedding plane fractures, with soft sandstone having the fewest (one per 70-m depth) and hard sandstone the most (five per 70-m depth). Bed-normal permeability is examined using a probabilistic model that considers the lengths of flow paths winding along joints and bedding plane fractures. Soft sandstone has the smallest bed-normal permeability primarily because of its wide, geomechanically undersaturated joint spacing. Results indicate that the three formations have similar values of bulk transmissivity, within roughly an order of magnitude, but that each rock unit has its own unique system of groundwater flow paths that constitute that transmissivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006JB004485","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., Godin, R., Nastev, M., and Rouleau, A., 2007, Hydrogeologic controls imposed by mechanical stratigraphy in layered rocks of the Chateauguay River Basin, a U.S.-Canada transborder aquifer: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 112, no. 4, B04403, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004485.","productDescription":"B04403, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Chateauguay River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 44.75453548416007\n ],\n [\n -73.355712890625,\n 44.75453548416007\n ],\n [\n -73.355712890625,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 44.75453548416007\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"112","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33a2e4b0c8380cd5f132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Roger H. rhmorin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","email":"rhmorin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":424526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godin, Rejean","contributorId":19780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godin","given":"Rejean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nastev, Miroslav","contributorId":10621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nastev","given":"Miroslav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rouleau, Alain","contributorId":84165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouleau","given":"Alain","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}