Subsidized predators may affect prey abundance, distribution, and demography. Common Ravens (Corvus corax) are anthropogenically subsidized throughout their range and, in the Mojave Desert, have increased in number dramatically over the last 3-4 decades. Human-provided food resources are thought to be important drivers of raven population growth, but human developments add other features as well, such as nesting platforms. From 1996 to 2000, we examined the nesting ecology of ravens in the Mojave Desert, relative to anthropogenic development. Ravens nested disproportionately near point sources of food and water subsidies (such as towns, landfills, and ponds) but not near roads (sources of road-killed carrion), even though both sources of subsidy enhanced fledging success. Initiation of breeding activity was more likely when a nest from the previous year was present at the start of a breeding season but was not affected by access to food. The relative effect of environmental modifications on fledging success varied from year to year, but the effect of access to humanprovided resources was comparatively consistent, suggesting that humans provide consistently high-quality breeding habitat for ravens. Anthropogenic land cover types in the desert are expected to promote raven population growth and to allow ravens to occupy parts of the desert that otherwise would not support them. Predatory impacts of ravens in the Mojave Desert can therefore be considered indirect effects of anthropogenic development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/06-1114.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Kristan, W., and Boarman, W., 2007, Effects of anthropogenic developments on common Raven nesting biology in the west Mojave Desert: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1703-1713, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1114.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1703","endPage":"1713","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.71818395045116,\n 36.09370934263055\n ],\n [\n -116.71818395045116,\n 33.8807150099009\n ],\n [\n -114.17044893828503,\n 33.8807150099009\n ],\n [\n -114.17044893828503,\n 36.09370934263055\n ],\n [\n -116.71818395045116,\n 36.09370934263055\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a068de4b0c8380cd512da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kristan, W. B. III","contributorId":106444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristan","given":"W. B.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boarman, W.I.","contributorId":73523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030903,"text":"70030903 - 2007 - Selenium and metal concentrations in waterbird eggs and chicks at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030903","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium and metal concentrations in waterbird eggs and chicks at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Exceptionally high cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) concentrations were reported in eggs, feathers, or livers of selected waterbird species nesting at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge (Agassiz) in 1994. Ten- to 15-day-old Franklin's gull (Larus pipixcan), black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), and eared grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) chicks were collected in 1998, 1999, and 2001 at Agassiz and analyzed for selenium (Se) and metals including Cd and Cr. Freshly laid eggs were collected in 2001 from Franklin's gull, black-crowned night-heron, eared grebe, and pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) nests at Agassiz. Based on a multivariate analysis, the pattern of Se and metal concentrations differed among species for eggs, chick feathers, and chick livers. Low Cd and Cr concentrations were measured in eggs, chick livers, and chick feathers of all four species. Mercury concentrations in black-crowned night-heron and eared grebe eggs collected from Agassiz in 2001 were lower than concentrations reported in 1994. Se and metal concentrations, including Cd and Cr, in waterbird eggs and chicks collected at Agassiz in 1998, 1999, and 2001 were not at toxic levels. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-006-0139-7","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Custer, C.M., Eichhorst, B., and Warburton, D., 2007, Selenium and metal concentrations in waterbird eggs and chicks at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 53, no. 1, p. 103-109, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0139-7.","startPage":"103","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0139-7"},{"id":238768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cebe4b08c986b3181ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eichhorst, B.A.","contributorId":74196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichhorst","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warburton, D.","contributorId":102610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warburton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030895,"text":"70030895 - 2007 - Oxygen isotopes in nitrite: Analysis, calibration, and equilibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T09:37:20","indexId":"70030895","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotopes in nitrite: Analysis, calibration, and equilibration","docAbstract":"Nitrite is a central intermediate in the nitrogen cycle and can persist in significant concentrations in ocean waters, sediment pore waters, and terrestrial groundwaters. To fully interpret the effect of microbial processes on nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), and nitrous oxide (N2O) cycling in these systems, the nitrite pool must be accessible to isotopic analysis. Furthermore, because nitrite interferes with most methods of nitrate isotopic analysis, accurate isotopic analysis of nitrite is essential for correct measurement of nitrate isotopes in a sample that contains nitrite. In this study, nitrite salts with varying oxygen isotopic compositions were prepared and calibrated and then used to test the denitrifier method for nitrite oxygen isotopic analysis. The oxygen isotopic fractionation during nitrite reduction to N2O by Pseudomonas aureofaciens was lower than for nitrate conversion to N2O, while oxygen isotopic exchange between nitrite and water during the reaction was similar. These results enable the extension of the denitrifier method to oxygen isotopic analysis of nitrite (in the absence of nitrate) and correction of nitrate isotopes for the presence of nitrite in “mixed” samples. We tested storage conditions for seawater and freshwater samples that contain nitrite and provide recommendations for accurate oxygen isotopic analysis of nitrite by any method. Finally, we report preliminary results on the equilibrium isotope effect between nitrite and water, which can play an important role in determining the oxygen isotopic value of nitrite where equilibration with water is significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac061598h","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Casciotti, K., Bohlke, J.K., McIlvin, M., Mroczkowski, S.J., and Hannon, J.E., 2007, Oxygen isotopes in nitrite: Analysis, calibration, and equilibration: Analytical Chemistry, v. 79, no. 6, p. 2427-2436, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac061598h.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2427","endPage":"2436","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211359,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac061598h"}],"volume":"79","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72b2e4b0c8380cd76c47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casciotti, K.L.","contributorId":57653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casciotti","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIlvin, M.R.","contributorId":75754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIlvin","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mroczkowski, Stanley J. 0000-0001-8026-6025 smroczko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-6025","contributorId":2628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mroczkowski","given":"Stanley","email":"smroczko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hannon, Janet E. jehannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannon","given":"Janet","email":"jehannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":429120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030894,"text":"70030894 - 2007 - Amplitude loss of sonic waveform due to source coupling to the medium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:08:03","indexId":"70030894","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amplitude loss of sonic waveform due to source coupling to the medium","docAbstract":"In contrast to hydrate-free sediments, sonic waveforms acquired in gas hydrate-bearing sediments indicate strong amplitude attenuation associated with a sonic velocity increase. The amplitude attenuation increase has been used to quantify pore-space hydrate content by attributing observed attenuation to the hydrate-bearing sediment's intrinsic attenuation. A second attenuation mechanism must be considered, however. Theoretically, energy radiation from sources inside fluid-filled boreholes strongly depends on the elastic parameters of materials surrounding the borehole. It is therefore plausible to interpret amplitude loss in terms of source coupling to the surrounding medium as well as to intrinsic attenuation. Analyses of sonic waveforms from the Mallik 5L-38 well, Northwest Territories, Canada, indicate a significant component of sonic waveform amplitude loss is due to source coupling. Accordingly, all sonic waveform amplitude analyses should include the effect of source coupling to accurately characterize a formation's intrinsic attenuation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2006GL029015","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Waite, W., 2007, Amplitude loss of sonic waveform due to source coupling to the medium: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 5, L05303; 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL029015.","productDescription":"L05303; 4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477190,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl029015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211327,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL029015"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cbe4b0c8380cd48469","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, William F. 0000-0002-9436-4109 wwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-4109","contributorId":625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"William F.","email":"wwaite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031199,"text":"70031199 - 2007 - Organic petrology of Paleocene Marcelina Formation coals, Paso Diablo mine, western Venezuela: Tectonic controls on coal type","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031199","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic petrology of Paleocene Marcelina Formation coals, Paso Diablo mine, western Venezuela: Tectonic controls on coal type","docAbstract":"About 7??Mt of high volatile bituminous coal are produced annually from the four coal zones of the Upper Paleocene Marcelina Formation at the Paso Diablo open-pit mine of western Venezuela. As part of an ongoing coal quality study, we have characterized twenty-two coal channel samples from the mine using organic petrology techniques. Samples also were analyzed for proximate-ultimate parameters, forms of sulfur, free swelling index, ash fusion temperatures, and calorific value. Six of the samples represent incremental benches across the 12-13??m thick No. 4 bed, the stratigraphically lowest mined coal, which is also mined at the 10??km distant Mina Norte open-pit. Organic content of the No. 4 bed indicates an upward increase of woody vegetation and/or greater preservation of organic material throughout the life of the original mire(s). An upward increase in telovitrinite and corresponding decrease in detrovitrinite and inertinite illustrate this trend. In contrast, stratigraphically higher coal groups generally exhibit a 'dulling upward' trend. The generally high inertinite content, and low ash yield and sulfur content, suggest that the Paso Diablo coals were deposited in rain-fed raised mires, protected from clastic input and subjected to frequent oxidation and/or moisture stress. However, the two thinnest coal beds (both 0.7??m thick) are each characterized by lower inertinite and higher telovitrinite content relative to the rest of Paso Diablo coal beds, indicative of less well-established raised mire environments prior to drowning. Foreland basin Paleocene coals of western Venezuela, including the Paso Diablo deposit and time-correlative coal deposits of the Ta??chira and Me??rida Andes, are characterized by high inertinite and consistently lower ash and sulfur relative to Eocene and younger coals of the area. We interpret these age-delimited coal quality characteristics to be due to water availability as a function of the tectonic control of subsidence rate. It is postulated that slower subsidence rates dominated during the Paleocene while greater foreland basin subsidence rates during the Eocene-Miocene resulted from the loading of nappe thrust sheets as part of the main construction phases of the Andean orogen. South-southeastward advance and emplacement of the Lara nappes during the oblique transpressive collision of the Caribbean and South American tectonic plates in the Paleocene was further removed from the sites of peat deposition, resulting in slower subsidence rates. Slower subsidence in the Paleocene may have favored the growth of raised mires, generating higher inertinite concentrations through more frequent moisture stress. Consistently low ash yield and sulfur content would be due to the protection from clastic input in raised mires, in addition to the leaching of mineral matter by rainfall and the development of acidic conditions preventing fixation of sulfur. In contrast, peat mires of Eocene-Miocene age encountered rapid subsidence due to the proximity of nappe emplacement, resulting in lower inertinite content, higher and more variable sulfur content, and higher ash yield.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2006.05.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P., and Martinez, M., 2007, Organic petrology of Paleocene Marcelina Formation coals, Paso Diablo mine, western Venezuela: Tectonic controls on coal type: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 71, no. 4, p. 505-526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.05.002.","startPage":"505","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211576,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2006.05.002"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fd6e4b0c8380cd75cc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, P.C. 0000-0002-5957-2551","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":60756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez, M.","contributorId":49910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030893,"text":"70030893 - 2007 - Water use regimes: Characterizing direct human interaction with hydrologic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:40:13","indexId":"70030893","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water use regimes: Characterizing direct human interaction with hydrologic systems","docAbstract":"The sustainability of human water use practices is a rapidly growing concern in the United States and around the world. To better characterize direct human interaction with hydrologic systems (stream basins and aquifers), we introduce the concept of the water use regime. Unlike scalar indicators of anthropogenic hydrologic stress in the literature, the water use regime is a two‐dimensional, vector indicator that can be depicted on simple x‐y plots of normalized human withdrawals (hout) versus normalized human return flows (hin). Four end‐member regimes, natural‐flow‐dominated (undeveloped), human‐flow‐dominated (churned), withdrawal‐dominated (depleted), and return‐flow‐dominated (surcharged), are defined in relation to limiting values of hout and hin. For illustration, the water use regimes of 19 diverse hydrologic systems are plotted and interpreted. Several of these systems, including the Yellow River Basin, China, and the California Central Valley Aquifer, are shown to approach particular end‐member regimes. Spatial and temporal regime variations, both seasonal and long‐term, are depicted. Practical issues of data availability and regime uncertainty are addressed in relation to the statistical properties of the ratio estimators hout and hin. The water use regime is shown to be a useful tool for comparative water resources assessment and for describing both historic and alternative future pathways of water resource development at a range of scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005062","usgsCitation":"Weiskel, P.K., Vogel, R.M., Steeves, P.A., Zarriello, P.J., DeSimone, L.A., and Ries, K., 2007, Water use regimes: Characterizing direct human interaction with hydrologic systems: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 4, Article W04402; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005062.","productDescription":"Article W04402; 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005062","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bccbfe4b08c986b32dcdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steeves, Peter A. 0000-0001-7558-9719 psteeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-9719","contributorId":1873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"Peter","email":"psteeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zarriello, Philip J.","contributorId":21588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":195635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030891,"text":"70030891 - 2007 - Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N2O","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:54:35","indexId":"70030891","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N2O","title":"Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N2O","docAbstract":"Nitrite is an important intermediate species in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, but its role in natural aquatic systems is poorly understood. Isotopic data can be used to study the sources and transformations of NO2- in the environment, but methods for independent isotopic analyses of NO2- in the presence of other N species are still new and evolving. This study demonstrates that isotopic analyses of N and O in NO2- can be done by treating whole freshwater or saltwater samples with the denitrifying bacterium Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, which selectively reduces NO2- to N2O for isotope ratio mass spectrometry. When calibrated with solutions containing NO2- with known isotopic compositions determined independently, reproducible δ15N and δ18O values were obtained at both natural-abundance levels (±0.2−0.5‰ for δ15N and ±0.4−1.0‰ for δ18O) and moderately enriched 15N tracer levels (±20−50‰ for δ15N near 5000‰) for 5−20 nmol of NO2- (1−20 μmol/L in 1−5 mL aliquots). This method is highly selective for NO2-and was used for mixed samples containing both NO2- and NO3- with little or no measurable cross-contamination. In addition, mixed samples that were analyzed with S. nitritireducens were treated subsequently with Pseudomonas aureofaciens to reduce the NO3- in the absence of NO2-, providing isotopic analyses of NO2- and NO3- separately in the same aliquot. Sequential bacterial reduction methods like this one should be useful for a variety of isotopic studies aimed at understanding nitrogen cycling in aquatic environments. A test of these methods in an agricultural watershed in Indiana provides isotopic evidence for both nitrification and denitrification as sources of NO2- in a small stream.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac070176k","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J.K., Smith, R.L., and Hannon, J.E., 2007, Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N2O: Analytical Chemistry, v. 79, no. 15, p. 5888-5895, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac070176k.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5888","endPage":"5895","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac070176k"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","volume":"79","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f93e4b0c8380cd64613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hannon, Janet E. jehannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannon","given":"Janet","email":"jehannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":429108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030890,"text":"70030890 - 2007 - Ecohydrological controls on soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity within a pinyon‐juniper woodland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:16:30","indexId":"70030890","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecohydrological controls on soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity within a pinyon‐juniper woodland","docAbstract":"The impact of pinyon‐juniper woodland encroachment on rangeland ecosystems is often associated with a reduction of streamflow and recharge and an increase in soil erosion. The objective of this study is to investigate vegetational control on seasonal soil hydrologic properties along a 15‐m transect in pinyon‐juniper woodland with biocrust. We demonstrate that the juniper tree controls soil water content (SWC) patterns directly under the canopy via interception, and beyond the canopy via shading in a preferred orientation, opposite to the prevailing wind direction. The juniper also controls the SWC and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measured close to water saturation (K(h)) under the canopy by the creation of soil water repellency due to needle drop. We use this information to refine the hydrologic functional unit (HFU) concept into three interacting hydrologic units: canopy patches, intercanopy patches, and a transitional unit formed by intercanopy patches in the rain shadow of the juniper tree. Spatial autoregressive state‐space models show the close relationship between K(h) close to soil water saturation and SWC at medium and low levels, integrating a number of influences on hydraulic conductivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2006WR005398","usgsCitation":"Lebron, I., Madsen, M., Chandler, D., Robinson, D., Wendroth, O., and Belnap, J., 2007, Ecohydrological controls on soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity within a pinyon‐juniper woodland: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 8, Article W08422; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005398.","productDescription":"Article W08422; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005398","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a053de4b0c8380cd50d04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lebron, I.","contributorId":94170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebron","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madsen, M.D.","contributorId":37216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandler, D.G.","contributorId":105180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, D.A.","contributorId":64895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wendroth, O.","contributorId":82533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wendroth","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030889,"text":"70030889 - 2007 - First steps in developing a multimetric macroinvertebrate index for the Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030889","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First steps in developing a multimetric macroinvertebrate index for the Ohio River","docAbstract":"The causes of degradation of aquatic systems are often complex and stem from a variety of human influences. Comprehensive, multimetric biological indices have been developed to quantify this degradation and its effect on aquatic communities, and measure subsequent recovery from anthropogenic stressors. Traditionally, such indices have concentrated on small-to medium-sized streams. Recently, however, the Ohio River Fish Index (ORFIn) was created to assess biotic integrity in the Ohio River. The goal of the present project was to begin developing a companion Ohio River multimetric index using benthic macroinvertebrates. Hester-Dendy multiplate samplers were used to evaluate benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in relation to a gradient of water quality disturbance, represented by varying distances downstream of industrial and municipal wastewater outfalls in the Ohio River. In August 1999 and 2000, samplers were set every 100 m downstream of outfalls (12 outfalls in 1999, 22 in 2000) for 300-1000 m, as well as at upstream reference sites. Candidate metrics (n = 55) were examined to determine which have potential to detect changes in water quality downstream of outfalls. These individual measures of community structure were plotted against distance downstream of each outfall to determine their response to water quality disturbance. Values at reference and outfall sites were also compared. Metrics that are ecologically relevant and showed a response to outfall disturbance were identified as potentially valuable in a multimetric index. Multiple box plots of index scores indicated greater response to outfall disturbance during periods of low-flow, and longitudinal river-wide trends. Evaluation of other types of anthropogenic disturbance, as well as continued analysis of the effects of chemical water quality on macroinvertebrate communities in future years will facilitate further development of a multimetric benthic macroinvertebrate index to evaluate biotic integrity in the Ohio River. Copyright ?? 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.1011","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Applegate, J., Baumann, P.C., Emery, E., and Wooten, M., 2007, First steps in developing a multimetric macroinvertebrate index for the Ohio River: River Research and Applications, v. 23, no. 7, p. 683-697, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1011.","startPage":"683","endPage":"697","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1011"},{"id":238529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1069e4b0c8380cd53c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Applegate, J.M.","contributorId":93443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumann, P. C.","contributorId":43297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumann","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emery, E.B.","contributorId":52764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooten, M.S.","contributorId":43972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooten","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030139,"text":"70030139 - 2007 - Distribution and abundance of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in Lake Erie, 1997-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-02T09:18:30","indexId":"70030139","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in Lake Erie, 1997-2005","docAbstract":"Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia limbata and H. rigida) recolonized sediments of the western basin of Lake Erie in the 1990s following decades of pollution abatement. We predicted that Hexageniawould also disperse eastward or expand from existing localized populations and colonize large regions of the other basins. We sampled zoobenthos in parts of the western and central basins yearly from 1997–2005, along the north shore of the eastern basin in 2001–2002, and throughout the lake in 2004. In the island area of the western basin, Hexagenia was present at densities ≤1,278 nymphs/m2and exhibited higher densities in odd years than even years. By contrast, Hexagenia became more widespread in the central basin from 1997–2000 at densities ≤48 nymphs/m2 but was mostly absent from 2001–2005. Nymphs were found along an eastern basin transect at densities ≤382/m2 in 2001 and 2002. During the 2004 lake-wide survey, Hexagenia was found at 63 of 89 stations situated throughout the western basin (≤1,636 nymphs/m2, mean = 195 nymphs/m2, SE = 32, N = 89) but at only 7 of 112 central basin stations, all near the western edge of the basin (≤708 nymphs/m2), and was not found in the eastern basin. Hexagenia was found at 2 of 62 stations (≤91 nymphs/m2) in harbors, marinas, and tributaries along the south shore of the central basin in 2005. Oxygen depletion at the sediment-water interface and cool temperatures in the hypolimnion are probably the primary factors preventing successful establishment throughout much of the central basin. Hexagenia can be a useful indicator of lake quality where its distribution and abundance are limited by anthropogenic causes.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[20:DAAOBM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Krieger, K., Bur, M., Ciborowski, J., Barton, D., and Schloesser, D.W., 2007, Distribution and abundance of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in Lake Erie, 1997-2005: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. Supplement 1, p. 20-33, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[20:DAAOBM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a025ee4b0c8380cd5000d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krieger, K.A.","contributorId":69748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krieger","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bur, M.T.","contributorId":58215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bur","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ciborowski, J.J.H.","contributorId":96901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciborowski","given":"J.J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, D.R.","contributorId":86174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schloesser, D. W.","contributorId":9598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031200,"text":"70031200 - 2007 - Reducing energy-related CO2 emissions using accelerated weathering of limestone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T13:02:01","indexId":"70031200","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1505,"text":"Energy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing energy-related CO2 emissions using accelerated weathering of limestone","docAbstract":"The use and impacts of accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL; reaction: CO2+H2O+CaCO3→Ca2++2(HCO3-) is explored as a CO2 capture and sequestration method. It is shown that significant limestone resources are relatively close to a majority of CO2-emitting power plants along the coastal US, a favored siting location for AWL. Waste fines, representing more than 20% of current US crushed limestone production (>109 tonnes/yr), could provide an inexpensive or free source of AWL carbonate. With limestone transportation then as the dominant cost variable, CO2 mitigation costs of $3-$4/tonne appear to be possible in certain locations. Perhaps 10–20% of US point–source CO2 emissions could be mitigated in this fashion. It is experimentally shown that CO2 sequestration rates of 10-6 to 10-5 moles/sec per m2 of limestone surface area are achievable, with reaction densities on the order of 10-2 tonnes CO2 m-3day-1, highly dependent on limestone particle size, solution turbulence and flow, and CO2 concentration. Modeling shows that AWL would allow carbon storage in the ocean with significantly reduced impacts to seawater pH relative to direct CO2 disposal into the atmosphere or sea. The addition of AWL-derived alkalinity to the ocean may itself be beneficial for marine biota.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011","issn":"03605442","usgsCitation":"Rau, G.H., Knauss, K.G., Langer, W.H., and Caldeira, K., 2007, Reducing energy-related CO2 emissions using accelerated weathering of limestone: Energy, v. 32, no. 8, p. 1471-1477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1471","endPage":"1477","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3cce4b0e8fec6cdb99f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rau, Greg H.","contributorId":78963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rau","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knauss, Kevin G.","contributorId":177240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knauss","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13621,"text":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldeira, Ken","contributorId":12287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldeira","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030875,"text":"70030875 - 2007 - Characteristics of fly ashes from full-scale coal-fired power plants and their relationship to mercury adsorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030875","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1513,"text":"Energy and Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of fly ashes from full-scale coal-fired power plants and their relationship to mercury adsorption","docAbstract":"Nine fly ash samples were collected from the particulate collection devices (baghouse or electrostatic precipitator) of four full-scale pulverized coal (PC) utility boilers burning eastern bituminous coals (EB-PC ashes) and three cyclone utility boilers burning either Powder River Basin (PRB) coals or PRB blends,(PRB-CYC ashes). As-received fly ash samples were mechanically sieved to obtain six size fractions. Unburned carbon (UBC) content, mercury content, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-N2 surface areas of as-received fly ashes and their size fractions were measured. In addition, UBC particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy, and thermogravimetry to obtain information on their surface morphology, structure, and oxidation reactivity. It was found that the UBC particles contained amorphous carbon, ribbon-shaped graphitic carbon, and highly ordered graphite structures. The mercury contents of the UBCs (Hg/UBC, in ppm) in raw ash samples were comparable to those of the UBC-enriched samples, indicating that mercury was mainly adsorbed on the UBC in fly ash. The UBC content decreased with a decreasing particle size range for all nine ashes. There was no correlation between the mercury and UBC contents of different size fractions of as-received ashes. The mercury content of the UBCs in each size fraction, however, generally increased with a decreasing particle size for the nine ashes. The mercury contents and surface areas of the UBCs in the PRB-CYC ashes were about 8 and 3 times higher than UBCs in the EB-PC ashes, respectively. It appeared that both the particle size and surface area of UBC could contribute to mercury capture. The particle size of the UBC in PRB-CYC ash and thus the external mass transfer was found to be the major factor impacting the mercury adsorption. Both the particle size and surface reactivity of the UBC in EB-PC ash, which generally had a lower carbon oxidation reactivity than the PRB-PC ashes, appeared to be important for the mercury adsorption. ?? 2007 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy and Fuels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ef070145s","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Lu, Y., Rostam-Abadi, M., Chang, R., Richardson, C., and Paradis, J., 2007, Characteristics of fly ashes from full-scale coal-fired power plants and their relationship to mercury adsorption: Energy and Fuels, v. 21, no. 4, p. 2112-2120, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef070145s.","startPage":"2112","endPage":"2120","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211557,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef070145s"},{"id":238862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f498e4b0c8380cd4bde3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Y.","contributorId":40183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostam-Abadi, M.","contributorId":37061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostam-Abadi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, R.","contributorId":16175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richardson, C.","contributorId":93274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paradis, J.","contributorId":47976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paradis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031201,"text":"70031201 - 2007 - Three-dimensional P wave velocity model for the San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-01T11:41:35.989038","indexId":"70031201","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional P wave velocity model for the San Francisco Bay region, California","docAbstract":"[1] A new three-dimensional P wave velocity model for the greater San Francisco Bay region has been derived using the double-difference seismic tomography method, using data from about 5,500 chemical explosions or air gun blasts and approximately 6,000 earthquakes. The model region covers 140 km NE-SW by 240 km NW-SE, extending from 20 km south of Monterey to Santa Rosa and reaching from the Pacific coast to the edge of the Great Valley. Our model provides the first regional view of a number of basement highs that are imaged in the uppermost few kilometers of the model, and images a number of velocity anomaly lows associated with known Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in the study area. High velocity (Vp > 6.5 km/s) features at ∼15-km depth beneath part of the edge of the Great Valley and along the San Francisco peninsula are interpreted as ophiolite bodies. The relocated earthquakes provide a clear picture of the geometry of the major faults in the region, illuminating fault dips that are generally consistent with previous studies. Ninety-five percent of the earthquakes have depths between 2.3 and 15.2 km, and the corresponding seismic velocities at the hypocenters range from 4.8 km/s (presumably corresponding to Franciscan basement or Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Great Valley Sequence) to 6.8 km/s. The top of the seismogenic zone is thus largely controlled by basement depth, but the base of the seismogenic zone is not restricted to seismic velocities of ≤6.3 km/s in this region, as had been previously proposed.
Potential negative ecological interactions between ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus and round gobyApollonia melanostoma (formerly Neogobius melanostomus) might affect the colonization dynamics of these invasive species where they are sympatric in the Great Lakes. In order to determine the potential for ecological interactions between these species, we examined the activity, aggression, and habitat use of round gobies and ruffe in single species and mixed species laboratory experiments. Trials included conditions in which food was concentrated (in light or darkness) or scattered. Results showed that ruffe were more active than gobies, particularly when food was scattered. Activity of both species was significantly lower during darkness. Round gobies were significantly more aggressive than ruffe, and total aggression was lower in mixed species trials. Habitat use by ruffe and round gobies overlapped considerably, but we observed significant differences between species in their use of specific habitats that depended on experimental conditions. Overall, ruffe used open habitats more often than did round gobies, primarily when food was scattered. Round gobies used rocks significantly more frequently than did ruffe, but their use of rock habitat decreased during dark conditions. Ruffe were found more often in plant habitats and less often near the wall of the pool in trials during daylight with concentrated food. Activity and habitat use of ruffe and round goby did not significantly differ between single and mixed species trials. Overall, we found little evidence for negative ecological interactions between ruffe and round goby in these laboratory experiments.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[326:AAAHUO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Savino, J., Riley, S., and Holuszko, M., 2007, Activity, aggression, and habitat use of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and round goby (Apollonia melanostoma) under laboratory conditions: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. 2, p. 326-334, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[326:AAAHUO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"334","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[326:AAAHUO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6d1e4b0c8380cd4764d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savino, J.F.","contributorId":69337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riley, S.C.","contributorId":71378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holuszko, M.J.","contributorId":35943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holuszko","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031202,"text":"70031202 - 2007 - A global search inversion for earthquake kinematic rupture history: Application to the 2000 western Tottori, Japan earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-01T12:05:15.495959","indexId":"70031202","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A global search inversion for earthquake kinematic rupture history: Application to the 2000 western Tottori, Japan earthquake","docAbstract":"[1] We present a two-stage nonlinear technique to invert strong motions records and geodetic data to retrieve the rupture history of an earthquake on a finite fault. To account for the actual rupture complexity, the fault parameters are spatially variable peak slip velocity, slip direction, rupture time and risetime. The unknown parameters are given at the nodes of the subfaults, whereas the parameters within a subfault are allowed to vary through a bilinear interpolation of the nodal values. The forward modeling is performed with a discrete wave number technique, whose Green's functions include the complete response of the vertically varying Earth structure. During the first stage, an algorithm based on the heat-bath simulated annealing generates an ensemble of models that efficiently sample the good data-fitting regions of parameter space. In the second stage (appraisal), the algorithm performs a statistical analysis of the model ensemble and computes a weighted mean model and its standard deviation. This technique, rather than simply looking at the best model, extracts the most stable features of the earthquake rupture that are consistent with the data and gives an estimate of the variability of each model parameter. We present some synthetic tests to show the effectiveness of the method and its robustness to uncertainty of the adopted crustal model. Finally, we apply this inverse technique to the well recorded 2000 western Tottori, Japan, earthquake (Mw 6.6); we confirm that the rupture process is characterized by large slip (3-4 m) at very shallow depths but, differently from previous studies, we imaged a new slip patch (2-2.5 m) located deeper, between 14 and 18 km depth.
Changes in a population of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior were chronicled over a 32-yr time series, 1974–2005. At the beginning of the time series, rainbow smelt was the predominant prey species, abundance of lake herring (Coregonis artedi) was very low, and the dominant predator was stocked lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Following a period of successful lake trout stocking in the 1970s, the rainbow smelt population declined sharply in 1980, largely through mortality of adult fish and subsequent poor recruitment. In the succeeding 4 years, rainbow smelt populations reached historic low levels, resulting in reduced food resources for both wild and stocked lake trout. During 1985–1990 lake herring stocks began a spectacular recovery following the appearance of a very strong 1984 year class and subsequent 1988, 1989, and 1990 year classes. Rainbow smelt benefited from the high abundance of young lake herring as an alternate prey source for lake trout and showed a partial recovery in the late 1980s. However, a growing lake trout population coupled with an 8-yr period of low herring reproduction after 1990 resulted in a diminished rainbow smelt population dominated by age-1 and 2 fish and showing a pattern of alternating recruitment attributed to cannibalism. Low productivity of rainbow smelt and intermittent production of herring over the past decade has left lake trout populations with a diminished prey base. Although lake trout recovery benefited from the presence of rainbow smelt as a prey resource, the Lake Superior fish community was fundamentally altered by the introduction of rainbow smelt.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[75:CIAPOE]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., 2007, Changes in a population of exotic rainbow smelt in Lake Superior: Boom to bust, 1974-2005: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 33, no. Supplement 1, p. 75-90, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[75:CIAPOE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[75:CIAPOE]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"33","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f408e4b0c8380cd4bad0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorman, O. T.","contributorId":104605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030873,"text":"70030873 - 2007 - Selection for rapid embryo development correlates with embryo exposure to maternal androgens among passerine birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030873","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection for rapid embryo development correlates with embryo exposure to maternal androgens among passerine birds","docAbstract":"Greater offspring predation favors evolution of faster development among species. We hypothesized that greater offspring predation exerts selection on mothers to increase levels of anabolic androgens in egg yolks to achieve faster development. Here, we tested whether (1) concentrations of yolk androgens in passerine species were associated with offspring predation and (2) embryo and nestling development rates were associated with yolk androgen concentrations. We examined three androgens that increase in potency along the synthesis pathway: androstenedione (A4) to testosterone (T) to 5??- dihydrotestosterone (5??-DHT). Concentrations of none of these steroids were related to clutch size; only A4 was allometrically related to egg volume. Species that experience greater predation showed higher yolk concentrations of T and 5??-DHT. Higher concentrations of T and particularly 5??-DHT were strongly correlated with faster development during the embryo period and less so during the nestling period. Development rates were most strongly correlated with 5??-DHT, suggesting that potency increases along the androgen synthesis pathway and that effects are mediated by the androgen receptor pathway. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that selection for faster development by time-dependent offspring mortality may be achieved epigenetically by varying embryo exposure to maternal anabolic steroids. ?? 2007 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/519397","issn":"00030147","usgsCitation":"Schwabl, H., Palacios, M., and Martin, T.E., 2007, Selection for rapid embryo development correlates with embryo exposure to maternal androgens among passerine birds: American Naturalist, v. 170, no. 2, p. 196-206, https://doi.org/10.1086/519397.","startPage":"196","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519397"},{"id":238830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ccbe4b08c986b318126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwabl, H.","contributorId":45811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwabl","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palacios, M.G.","contributorId":95266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palacios","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030142,"text":"70030142 - 2007 - Airborne desert dust and aeromicrobiology over the Turkish Mediterranean coastline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T09:39:46","indexId":"70030142","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airborne desert dust and aeromicrobiology over the Turkish Mediterranean coastline","docAbstract":"Between 18 March and 27 October 2002, 220 air samples were collected on 209 of 224 calendar days, on top of a coastal atmospheric research tower in Erdemli, Turkey. The volume of air filtered for each sample was 340 liters. Two hundred fifty-seven bacterial and 2598 fungal colony forming units (CFU) were enumerated from the samples using a low-nutrient agar. Ground-based dust measurements demonstrated that the region is routinely impacted by dust generated regionally and from North Africa and that the highest combined percent recovery of total CFU and African dust deposition occurred in the month of April (93.4% of CFU recovery and 91.1% of dust deposition occurred during African dust days versus no African dust present, for that month). A statistically significant correlation was observed (peak regional African dust months of March, April and May; rs=0.576, P=0.000) between an increase in the prevalence of microorganisms recovered from atmospheric samples on dust days (regional and African as determined by ground-based dust measurements), versus that observed on non-dust days. Given the prevalence of atmospherically suspended desert dust and microorganisms observed in this study, and that culture-based studies typically only recover a small fraction (<1.0%) of the actual microbial population in any given environment, dust-borne microorganisms and other associated constituents (organic detritus, toxins, etc.) may play a significant role in the regional human and ecosystem health.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.023","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., Kubilay, N., Kocak, M., Gray, M.A., Borden, T.C., and Shinn, E., 2007, Airborne desert dust and aeromicrobiology over the Turkish Mediterranean coastline: Atmospheric Environment, v. 41, no. 19, p. 4050-4062, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.023.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4050","endPage":"4062","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487595,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/31009","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212824,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.023"},{"id":240371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Turkey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -20.0,20.0 ], [ -20.0,60.0 ], [ 60.0,60.0 ], [ 60.0,20.0 ], [ -20.0,20.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e91de4b0c8380cd480dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubilay, Nilgun","contributorId":105533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubilay","given":"Nilgun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocak, Mustafa","contributorId":40019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocak","given":"Mustafa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, Mike A.","contributorId":88954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borden, Timothy C.","contributorId":16224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borden","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":6883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030872,"text":"70030872 - 2007 - Do soil characteristics or microhabitat determine field emergence and success of Bromus tectorum?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030872","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do soil characteristics or microhabitat determine field emergence and success of Bromus tectorum?","docAbstract":"In southeastern Utah, Bromus tectorum occurs where Hilaria jamesii is dominant and rarely where Stipa hymenoides/S. comata dominate. To determine whether this distribution is due to soil characteristics or microhabitat, we transplanted H. jamesii soil to a Stipa site and vice versa during a severe drought (2001) and a wetter year (2002). Additionally, we planted B. tectorum under H. jamesii and Stipa canopies, with or without H. jamesii litter, and with or without herbivory. Bromus tectorum emergence and biomass in reciprocal transplants were similar at both sites; there were no site differences for all microhabitat treatments. Being under a plant canopy increased emergence in 2001 and decreased survival during 2002. Herbivory decreased emergence in 2001 and decreased survival during 2002. Litter increased emergence only under the canopy in 2001 but did not affect survival in 2002. Survival in 2001 was so low that biomass was unattainable; no microhabitat treatments affected biomass in 2002. We found that soil characteristics and microhabitat affected B. tectorum similarly in H. jamesii and Stipa patches, suggesting that these factors do not explain the association between B. tectorum and H. jamesii. However, these relationships may change during wet years when B. tectorum invasions most often occur. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.013","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Newingham, B., Vidiella, P., and Belnap, J., 2007, Do soil characteristics or microhabitat determine field emergence and success of Bromus tectorum?: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 70, no. 3, p. 389-402, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.013.","startPage":"389","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.013"},{"id":238800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0366e4b0c8380cd5048f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newingham, B.A.","contributorId":19775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newingham","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vidiella, P.","contributorId":103866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidiella","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030871,"text":"70030871 - 2007 - Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030871","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2775,"text":"Molecular Ecology Notes","onlineIssn":"1471-8286","printIssn":"1471-8278","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus)","docAbstract":"Primers for 15 microsatellite loci were developed for Mountain Plover, a species whose distribution and abundance have been reduced drastically in the past 30 years. In a screen of 126 individuals collected from four breeding locales across the species' range, levels of polymorphism ranged from two to 13 alleles per locus. No two loci were found to be linked, although one locus revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci can be used in population genetic studies, ultimately aiding in management efforts for Mountain Plover. Additionally, these markers can potentially be used in studies investigating the mating system of Mountain Plover. ?? 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01709.x","issn":"14718278","usgsCitation":"John, J.S., Kysela, R., and Oyler-McCance, S., 2007, Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus): Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 7, no. 5, p. 802-804, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01709.x.","startPage":"802","endPage":"804","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211502,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01709.x"},{"id":238799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d1e4b0c8380cd4bf3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, J. St","contributorId":48376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"St","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kysela, R.F.","contributorId":95680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kysela","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, S.J.","contributorId":75877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031206,"text":"70031206 - 2007 - Discontinuities in stream nutrient uptake below lakes in mountain drainage networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70031206","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discontinuities in stream nutrient uptake below lakes in mountain drainage networks","docAbstract":"In many watersheds, lakes and streams are hydrologically linked in spatial patterns that influence material transport and retention. We hypothesized that lakes affect stream nutrient cycling via modifications to stream hydrogeomorphology, source-waters, and biological communities. We tested this hypothesis in a lake district of the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Uptake of NO3- and PO4-3 was compared among 25 reaches representing the following landscape positions: lake inlets and outlets, reaches >1-km downstream from lakes, and reference reaches with no nearby lakes. We quantified landscape-scale hydrographic and reach-scale hydrogeomorphic, source-water, and biological variables to characterize these landscape positions and analyze relationships to nutrient uptake. Nitrate uptake was undetectable at most lake outlets, whereas PO4-3 uptake was higher at outlets as compared to reference and lake inlet reaches. Patterns in nutrient demand farther downstream were similar to lake outlets with a gradual shift toward reference-reach functionality. Nitrate uptake was most correlated to sediment mobility and channel morphology, whereas PO 4-3 uptake was most correlated to source-water characteristics. The best integrated predictor of these patterns in nutrient demand was % contributing area (the proportion of watershed area not routing through a lake). We estimate that NO3- and PO 4-3 demand returned to 50% of pre-lake conditions within 1-4-km downstream of a small headwater lake and resetting of nutrient demand was slower downstream of a larger lake set lower in a watershed. Full resetting of these nutrient cycling processes was not reached within 20-km downstream, indicating that lakes can alter stream ecosystem functioning at large spatial scales throughout mountain watersheds. ?? 2007, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Arp, C., and Baker, M.A., 2007, Discontinuities in stream nutrient uptake below lakes in mountain drainage networks: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1978-1990.","startPage":"1978","endPage":"1990","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01ebe4b0c8380cd4fdb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, M. A.","contributorId":94849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031208,"text":"70031208 - 2007 - A circulation modeling approach for evaluating the conditions for shoreline instabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T17:17:58","indexId":"70031208","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A circulation modeling approach for evaluating the conditions for shoreline instabilities","docAbstract":"Analytical models predict the growth (instability) of shoreline salients when deep-water waves approach the coast from highly oblique angles, contrary to classical shoreline change models in which shoreline salients can only dissipate. Using the process-based wave, circulation, and sediment transport model Delft3D, we test this prediction for simulated bathymetric and wave characteristics approximating the open-ocean conditions at Duck, North Carolina. We consider two cases: a uniform coast with a varying wave approach angle, and a bathymetry with coastal salients and a single high-angle boundary wave condition. Incident wave conditions include a swell case with no wind and a wind-wave case with active local wave regeneration by wind. The uniform-coast tests predict transport maxima at oblique wave angles for both wave cases, indicating the potential for shoreline instabilities, similar to the analytical models. However, the critical angle for instability is much higher in the wind-wave case. Our tests with coastal salients agree with previous findings that a minimum salient length scale may be required for the instability effect to be active. Here, a salient with a longshore scale of 4 km results in transport divergence (erosion; no instability) at the salient crest while an 8 km salient results in transport convergence (accretion; instability) at the crest.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)25","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"List, J., and Ashton, A.D., 2007, A circulation modeling approach for evaluating the conditions for shoreline instabilities, in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, p. 327-340, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)25.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)25"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Duck","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.776116,36.150973 ], [ -75.776116,36.231587 ], [ -75.736833,36.231587 ], [ -75.736833,36.150973 ], [ -75.776116,36.150973 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e341e4b0c8380cd45ef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashton, Andrew D.","contributorId":96970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashton","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030146,"text":"70030146 - 2007 - Estimation of forest fuel load from radar remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030146","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of forest fuel load from radar remote sensing","docAbstract":"Understanding fire behavior characteristics and planning for fire management require maps showing the distribution of wildfire fuel loads at medium to fine spatial resolution across large landscapes. Radar sensors from airborne or spaceborne platforms have the potential of providing quantitative information about the forest structure and biomass components that can be readily translated to meaningful fuel load estimates for fire management. In this paper, we used multifrequency polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery acquired over a large area of the Yellowstone National Park by the Airborne SAR sensor to estimate the distribution of forest biomass and canopy fuel loads. Semiempirical algorithms were developed to estimate crown and stem biomass and three major fuel load parameters, namely: 1) canopy fuel weight; 2) canopy bulk density; and 3) foliage moisture content. These estimates, when compared directly to measurements made at plot and stand levels, provided more than 70% accuracy and, when partitioned into fuel load classes, provided more than 85% accuracy. Specifically, the radar-generated fuel parameters were in good agreement with the field-based fuel measurements, resulting in coefficients of determination of R2 = 85 for the canopy fuel weight, R 2 = 0.84 for canopy bulk density, and R2 =0.78 for the foliage biomass. ?? 2007 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2006.887002","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Saatchi, S., Halligan, K., Despain, D.G., and Crabtree, R., 2007, Estimation of forest fuel load from radar remote sensing: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 45, no. 6, p. 1726-1740, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.887002.","startPage":"1726","endPage":"1740","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.887002"},{"id":240439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b8be4b0c8380cd5277f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saatchi, S.","contributorId":104711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saatchi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halligan, K.","contributorId":27679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halligan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Despain, Don G.","contributorId":31147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Despain","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crabtree, R.L.","contributorId":91696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030861,"text":"70030861 - 2007 - Environmental geochemistry at Red Mountain, an unmined volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in the Bonnifield district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T09:53:27","indexId":"70030861","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geochemistry at Red Mountain, an unmined volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in the Bonnifield district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The unmined, pyrite-rich Red Mountain (Dry Creek) deposit displays a remarkable environmental footprint of natural acid generation, high metal and exceedingly high rare earth element (REE) concentrations in surface waters. The volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit exhibits well-constrained examples of acid-generating, metal-leaching, metal-precipitation and self-mitigation (via co-precipitation, dilution and neutralization) processes that occur in an undisturbed natural setting, a rare occurrence in North America. Oxidative dissolution of pyrite and associated secondary reactions under near-surface oxidizing conditions are the primary causes for the acid generation and metal leaching. The deposit is hosted in Devonian to Mississippian felsic metavolcanic rocks of the Mystic Creek Member of the Totatlanika Schist.
Water samples with the lowest pH (many below 3.5), highest specific conductance (commonly >2500 μS/cm) and highest major- and trace-element concentrations are from springs and streams within the quartz–sericite–pyrite alteration zone. Aluminum, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Y, Zn and, particularly, the REEs are found in high concentrations, ranging across four orders of magnitude. Waters collected upstream from the alteration zone have near-neutral pH, lower specific conductance (370 to 830 μS/cm), lower metal concentrations and measurable alkalinities. Water samples collected downstream of the alteration zone have pH and metal concentrations intermediate between these two extremes. Stream sediments are anomalous in Zn, Pb, S, Fe, Cu, As, Co, Sb and Cd relative to local and regional background abundances. Red Mountain Creek and its tributaries do not, and probably never have, supported significant aquatic life.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/07-136","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Briggs, P., Dusel-Bacon, C., Giles, S.A., Gough, L.P., Hammarstrom, J.M., and Hubbard, B.E., 2007, Environmental geochemistry at Red Mountain, an unmined volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in the Bonnifield district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 7, no. 3, p. 207-223, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/07-136.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.875,\n 63.39152174400882\n ],\n [\n -146.1181640625,\n 63.39152174400882\n ],\n [\n -146.1181640625,\n 65.45826097864811\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 65.45826097864811\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 63.39152174400882\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c5e4b0c8380cd5205f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":777759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030860,"text":"70030860 - 2007 - Investigation of reductive dechlorination supported by natural organic carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T11:28:56","indexId":"70030860","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigation of reductive dechlorination supported by natural organic carbon","docAbstract":"Because remediation timeframes using monitored natural attenuation may span decades or even centuries at chlorinated solvent sites, new approaches are needed to assess the long-term sustainability of reductive dechlorination in ground water systems. In this study, extraction procedures were used to investigate the mass of indigenous organic carbon in aquifer sediment, and experiments were conducted to determine if the extracted carbon could support reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes. Aquifer sediment cores were collected from a site without an anthropogenic source of organic carbon where organic carbon varied from 0.02% to 0.12%. Single extraction results showed that 1% to 28% of sediment-associated organic carbon and 2% to 36% of the soft carbon were removed depending on nature and concentration of the extracting solution (Nanopure water; 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% sodium pyrophosphate; and 0.5 N sodium hydroxide). Soft carbon is defined as organic carbon oxidized with potassium persulfate and is assumed to serve as a source of biodegradable carbon within the aquifer. Biodegradability studies demonstrated that 20% to 40% of extracted organic carbon was biodegraded aerobically and anaerobically by soil microorganisms in relatively brief tests (45 d). A five-step extraction procedure consisting of 0.1% pyrophosphate and base solutions was investigated to quantify bioavailable organic carbon. Using the extracted carbon as the sole electron donor source, tetrachloroethene was transformed to cis-1,2- dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in anaerobic enrichment culture experiments. Hydrogen gas was produced at levels necessary to sustain reductive dechlorination (>1 nM).
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00173.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Rectanus, H.V., Widdowson, M.A., Chapelle, F.H., Kelly, C., and Novak, J.T., 2007, Investigation of reductive dechlorination supported by natural organic carbon: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 27, no. 4, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00173.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211358,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00173.x"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e94e4b0c8380cd63eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rectanus, Heather V.","contributorId":46351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rectanus","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widdowson, Mark A.","contributorId":90379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, C.A.","contributorId":72564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Novak, John T.","contributorId":41753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novak","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}