Waste from agricultural livestock operations has been a long-standing concern with respect to contamination of water resources, particularly in terms of nutrient pollution. However, the recent growth of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) presents a greater risk to water quality because of both the increased volume of waste and to contaminants that may be present (e.g., antibiotics and other veterinary drugs) that may have both environmental and public health importance. Based on available data, generally accepted livestock waste management practices do not adequately or effectively protect water resources from contamination with excessive nutrients, microbial pathogens, and pharmaceuticals present in the waste. Impacts on surface water sources and wildlife have been documented in many agricultural areas in the United States. Potential impacts on human and environmental health from long-term inadvertent exposure to water contaminated with pharmaceuticals and other compounds are a growing public concern. This workgroup, which is part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards-Searching for Solutions, identified needs for rigorous ecosystem monitoring in the vicinity of CAFOs and for improved characterization of major toxicants affecting the environment and human health. Last, there is a need to promote and enforce best practices to minimize inputs of nutrients and toxicants from CAFOs into freshwater and marine ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi":"10.1289/ehp.8839","issn":"00916765","usgsCitation":"Burkholder, J., Libra, B., Weyer, P., Heathcote, S., Kolpin, D., Thorne, P., and Wichman, M., 2007, Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 115, no. 2, p. 308-312, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8839.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"312","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487774,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8839","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3901e4b0c8380cd61781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkholder, J.","contributorId":7091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkholder","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Libra, B.","contributorId":73016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Libra","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weyer, P.","contributorId":76947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heathcote, S.","contributorId":20163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heathcote","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, D.","contributorId":18128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thorne, P.S.","contributorId":31986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wichman, M.","contributorId":49983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wichman","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033218,"text":"70033218 - 2007 - Spawning distribution of sockeye salmon in a glacially influenced watershed: The importance of glacial habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033218","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning distribution of sockeye salmon in a glacially influenced watershed: The importance of glacial habitats","docAbstract":"The spawning distribution of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka was compared between clear and glacially turbid habitats in Lake Clark, Alaska, with the use of radiotelemetry. Tracking of 241 adult sockeye salmon to 27 spawning locations revealed both essential habitats and the relationship between spawn timing and seasonal turbidity cycles. Sixty-six percent of radio-tagged sockeye salmon spawned in turbid waters (???5 nephelometric turbidity units) where visual observation was difficult. Spawning in turbid habitats coincided with seasonal temperature declines and associated declines in turbidity and suspended sediment concentration. Because spawn timing is heritable and influenced by temperature, the observed behavior suggests an adaptive response to glacier-fed habitats, as it would reduce embryonic exposure to the adverse effects of fine sediments. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T05-321.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Young, D.B., and Woody, C., 2007, Spawning distribution of sockeye salmon in a glacially influenced watershed: The importance of glacial habitats: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 2, p. 452-459, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-321.1.","startPage":"452","endPage":"459","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213130,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-321.1"}],"volume":"136","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94d4e4b08c986b31ac73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Daniel","contributorId":58468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":35763,"text":"National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, C.A.","contributorId":99211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woody","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030135,"text":"70030135 - 2007 - Quantifying the media bias in intensity surveys: Lessons from the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70030135","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the media bias in intensity surveys: Lessons from the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake","docAbstract":"Many seismologists have looked at the 26 January 2001 Bhuj earthquake as a key modern calibration event that could be used to improve estimates of magnitudes of large historic mainshocks in stable continental regions. Since no instrumental data are available for important historic events such as the 1819 Allah Bund, India, and the 1811-1812 New Madrid, central U.S. mainshocks, calibration hinges on comparisons of the macroseismic effects of these earthquakes with those of comparable modern earthquakes for which a reliable, instrumentally determined moment magnitude is available. However, although such a comparison is conceptually straightforward, in practice it is complicated by potentially significant inconsistencies in methods used to quantify macroseismic effects in different regions and/or times. For the Bhuj earthquake, extensive intensity data sets have been compiled and published from both media accounts and detailed direct surveys. Comparing the two provides a quantification of the previously suspected media bias, whereby earthquake effects can be exaggerated in media accounts. This bias is a strong function of intensity level, with substantial bias at the highest shaking levels and significantly less bias at low intensities. Because only sparse documentary data are in general available for older historic earthquakes, the results of this study suggest that their inferred intensity distributions might be similarly biased. We further use the survey-based intensity values to develop a new relationship between intensities and ground motions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120060072","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Pande, P., 2007, Quantifying the media bias in intensity surveys: Lessons from the 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 2, p. 638-645, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060072.","startPage":"638","endPage":"645","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477125,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140801-141746941","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060072"},{"id":240263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91ebe4b0c8380cd80538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pande, P.","contributorId":61245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pande","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030185,"text":"70030185 - 2007 - Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and their oxon derivatives to larval Rana boylii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030185","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and their oxon derivatives to larval Rana boylii","docAbstract":"Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and are highly toxic to amphibians. They deactivate cholinesterase, resulting in neurological dysfunction. Most chemicals in this group require oxidative desulfuration to achieve their greatest cholinesterase-inhibiting potencies. Oxon derivatives are formed within liver cells but also by bacterial decay of parental pesticides. This study examines the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, malathion and diazinon and their oxons on the foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii). R. boylii is exposed to agricultural pesticides in the California Central Valley. Median lethal concentrations of the parental forms during a 96 h exposure were 3.00 mg/L (24 h) for chlorpyrifos, 2.14 mg/L for malathion and 7.49 mg/L for diazinon. Corresponding oxons were 10 to 100 times more toxic than their parental forms. We conclude that environmental concentrations of these pesticides can be harmful to R. boylii populations. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.036","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., and Fellers, G., 2007, Comparative toxicity of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and their oxon derivatives to larval Rana boylii: Environmental Pollution, v. 147, no. 3, p. 535-539, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.036.","startPage":"535","endPage":"539","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.036"},{"id":239394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f82ee4b0c8380cd4cf15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, G.","contributorId":42167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033217,"text":"70033217 - 2007 - Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal, vertical, angular accelerations, and tilt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70033217","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1954,"text":"ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal, vertical, angular accelerations, and tilt","docAbstract":"Rotational and vertical components of ground motion are almost always ignored in design or in the assessment of structures despite the fact that vertical motion can be twice as much as the horizontal motion and may exceed 2g level, and rotational excitation may reach few degrees in the proximity of fault rupture. Coupling of different components of ground excitation may significantly amplify the seismic demand by introducing additional lateral forces and enhanced P-?? effects. In this paper, a governing equation of motion is postulated to compute the response of a SDOF oscillator under a multi-component excitation. The expanded equation includes secondary P-?? components associated with the combined impacts of tilt and vertical excitations in addition to the inertial forcing terms due to the angular and translational accelerations. The elastic and inelastic spectral ordinates traditionally generated considering the uniaxial input motion are compared at the end with the multi-component response spectra of coupled horizontal, vertical and tilting motions. The proposed multi-component response spectrum reflects kinematic characteristics of the ground motion that are not identifiable by the conventional spectrum itself, at least for the near-fault region where high intensity vertical shaking and rotational excitation are likely to occur.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09720405","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Graizer, V., 2007, Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal, vertical, angular accelerations, and tilt: ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, v. 44, no. 1, p. 259-284.","startPage":"259","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb0e4b0c8380cd71098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, E. 0000-0002-9138-9407","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":8212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graizer, V.","contributorId":88930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graizer","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033211,"text":"70033211 - 2007 - Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) - Active and passive methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70033211","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2610,"text":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) - Active and passive methods","docAbstract":"The conventional seismic approaches for near-surface investigation have usually been either high-resolution reflection or refraction surveys that deal with a depth range of a few tens to hundreds meters. Seismic signals from these surveys consist of wavelets with frequencies higher than 50 Hz. The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method deals with surface waves in the lower frequencies (e.g., 1-30 Hz) and uses a much shallower depth range of investigation (e.g., a few to a few tens of meters). ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2431832","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Park, C., Miller, R., Xia, J., and Ivanov, J., 2007, Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) - Active and passive methods: Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), v. 26, no. 1, p. 60-64, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2431832.","startPage":"60","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2431832"},{"id":241128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fd8e4b0c8380cd71189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033210,"text":"70033210 - 2007 - Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:31:48","indexId":"70033210","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1016,"text":"Biological Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application","docAbstract":"Integrated pest management (IPM) for invasive plant species is being advocated by researchers and implemented by land managers, but few studies have evaluated the success of IPM programs in natural areas. We assessed the relative effects of components of an IPM program for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), an invasive plant, at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota. Effects of herbicides on leafy spurge abundance and on dynamics of flea beetles (Aphthona spp.) used to control leafy spurge were evaluated over three field seasons following herbicide application. We monitored leafy spurge-infested plots with established flea beetle populations that had received picloram plus 2,4-D in September 1997 or 1998, imazapic in September 1998, versus those with no chemical treatment. Mature stem counts did not differ significantly between treated and untreated plots in 2001, suggesting that leafy spurge stands had recovered from herbicide treatment. Flea beetles were less abundant on plots with a history of herbicide treatment. Structural equation models indicated that in 2000 negative correlations between relative abundances of the two flea beetle species were greater on plots that had received herbicide treatments than on those that had not, but by 2001 no differences were apparent between treated and untreated plots. These results suggest that the most effective component of IPM for leafy spurge at this site is biological control. All herbicide effects we observed were short-lived, but the increased negative correlation between flea beetle relative abundances during 2000 implies that herbicide application may have temporarily disrupted an effective biological control program at this site. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.017","issn":"10499644","usgsCitation":"Larson, D., Grace, J., Rabie, P., and Andersen, P., 2007, Short-term disruption of a leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) biocontrol program following herbicide application: Biological Control, v. 40, no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.017.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.08.017"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8eb6e4b08c986b318aca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rabie, P.A.","contributorId":65674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabie","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andersen, P.","contributorId":84568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030136,"text":"70030136 - 2007 - Genetic variability in spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), determined with microsatellite DNA markers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70030136","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variability in spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), determined with microsatellite DNA markers","docAbstract":"Variation in the allele frequencies of five microsatellite loci was surveyed in 1256 individual spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) obtained from 12 bays and estuaries from Laguna Madre, Texas, to Charlotte Harbor, Florida, to St. John's River on the Florida Atlantic Coast. Texas and Louisiana collection sites were resampled each year for two to four years (1998-2001). Genetic differentiation was observed. Spotted seatrout from Florida waters were strongly differentiated from spotted seatrout collected in Louisiana and Texas. The greatest genetic discontinuity was observed between Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor, and Charlotte Harbor seatrout were most similar to Atlantic Coast spotted seatrout. Texas and Louisiana samples were not strongly structured within the northwestern Gulf of Mexico and there was little evidence of temporal differentiation within bays. These findings are contrary to those of earlier analyses with allozymes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) where evidence of spatial differentiation was found for spotted seatrout resident on the Texas coast. The differences in genetic structure observed among these markers may reflect differences in response to selective pressure, or may be due to differences in underlying genetic processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Ward, R., Bowers, K., Hensley, R., Mobley, B., and Belouski, E., 2007, Genetic variability in spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), determined with microsatellite DNA markers: Fishery Bulletin, v. 105, no. 2, p. 197-206.","startPage":"197","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a158ae4b0c8380cd54e72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, R.","contributorId":19111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowers, K.","contributorId":76137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hensley, R.","contributorId":57663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mobley, B.","contributorId":56041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mobley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belouski, E.","contributorId":27264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belouski","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030184,"text":"70030184 - 2007 - Possible use of foresight, understanding, and planning by wolves hunting muskoxen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-11T16:27:04.164934","indexId":"70030184","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible use of foresight, understanding, and planning by wolves hunting muskoxen","docAbstract":"On Ellesmere Island in 2006, arctic wolves (Canis lupus arctos) were observed making a two-pronged approach to a herd of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and, on another occasion, ambushing muskoxen. Both observations seemed to provide evidence that the wolves were using foresight, understanding, and planning. Although the possible use of insight and purposiveness has been documented in captive wolves, the present report is one of the few to document the possibility that freeranging wolves use these other three mental processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic239","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 2007, Possible use of foresight, understanding, and planning by wolves hunting muskoxen: Arctic, v. 60, no. 2, p. 145-149, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic239.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476995,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic239","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e41e4b0c8380cd7a421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032795,"text":"70032795 - 2007 - Bacteria form tellurium nanocrystals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T11:25:42.337996","indexId":"70032795","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1983,"text":"Industrial Bioprocessing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacteria form tellurium nanocrystals","docAbstract":"A team of researchers have found two bacterial species that produce tellurium oxyanions as respiratory electron acceptors for growth, leaving elemental tellurium in the form of nanoparticles. The crystals from the two organisms exhibit distinctively different structures. Bacillus selenitireducens initially forms nanorods that cluster together to form rosettes. Sulfurospirillum barnesii forms irregularly-shaped nanospheres that coalesce into larger composite aggregates.","language":"English","issn":"10567194","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., 2007, Bacteria form tellurium nanocrystals: Industrial Bioprocessing, v. 29, no. 3, p. 5-5.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef99e4b0c8380cd4a33f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032800,"text":"70032800 - 2007 - Tsunami warnings: Understanding in Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T15:08:45","indexId":"70032800","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami warnings: Understanding in Hawai'i","docAbstract":"The devastating southeast Asian tsunami of December 26, 2004 has brought home the destructive consequences of coastal hazards in an absence of effective warning systems. Since the 1946 tsunami that destroyed much of Hilo, Hawai‘i, a network of pole mounted sirens has been used to provide an early public alert of future tsunamis. However, studies in the 1960s showed that understanding of the meaning of siren soundings was very low and that ambiguity in understanding had contributed to fatalities in the 1960 tsunami that again destroyed much of Hilo. The Hawaiian public has since been exposed to monthly tests of the sirens for more than 25 years and descriptions of the system have been widely published in telephone books for at least 45 years. However, currently there remains some uncertainty in the level of public understanding of the sirens and their implications for behavioral response. Here, we show from recent surveys of Hawai‘i residents that awareness of the siren tests and test frequency is high, but these factors do not equate with increased understanding of the meaning of the siren, which remains disturbingly low (13%). Furthermore, the length of time people have lived in Hawai‘i is not correlated systematically with understanding of the meaning of the sirens.
An additional issue is that warning times for tsunamis generated locally in Hawai‘i will be of the order of minutes to tens of minutes and limit the immediate utility of the sirens. Natural warning signs of such tsunamis may provide the earliest warning to residents. Analysis of a survey subgroup from Hilo suggests that awareness of natural signs is only moderate, and a majority may expect notification via alerts provided by official sources. We conclude that a major change is needed in tsunami education, even in Hawai‘i, to increase public understanding of, and effective response to, both future official alerts and natural warning signs of future tsunamis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-006-0005-y","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Gregg, C., Houghton, B.F., Paton, D., Johnston, D., Swanson, D.A., and Yanagi, B., 2007, Tsunami warnings: Understanding in Hawai'i: Natural Hazards, v. 40, no. 1, p. 71-87, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-0005-y.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502640,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Tsunami_Warnings_Understanding_in_Hawai_i/22860353","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213837,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-0005-y"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8aee4b08c986b3279eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, Chris E.","contributorId":40397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Chris E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paton, Douglas","contributorId":64861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paton","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, David M.","contributorId":68082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, David A.","contributorId":27203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yanagi, B.S.","contributorId":108312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanagi","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032802,"text":"70032802 - 2007 - Effect of lipid extraction on analyses of stable carbon and stable nitrogen isotopes in coastal organisms of the Aleutian archipelago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032802","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of lipid extraction on analyses of stable carbon and stable nitrogen isotopes in coastal organisms of the Aleutian archipelago","docAbstract":"We tested whether extracting lipids reduced confounding variation in ??13C and ??15N values by analyzing paired lipid-extracted (LE) and non-lipid-extracted (NLE) samples of bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (L., 1766)) whole eggs, muscle tissue from nine seabird and one terrestrial bird species, muscle tissue from four marine fish species, and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L., 1758) collected from the Aleutian archipelago, Alaska. Lipid extraction significantly increased ??13C by an average of 2.0??? in whole eggs, 0.8??? in avian muscle, 0.2??? in fish muscle, and 0.6??? in blue mussels. Lower ??13C values in NLE samples covaried positively with lipid content across all sample types. Lower ??13C values in NLE samples were not correlated with lipid content within bald eagle eggs and blue mussels, but covaried positively with percent lipid in avian and fish muscles. Neither lipid extraction nor percent lipid significantly changed ??15N values for any sample type. Lower ??13C values in most NLE avian and fish muscle tissues should not confound interpretation of pelagic versus nearshore sources of primary production, but lipid extraction may be necessary when highly precise estimates of ??13C are needed. Lipid extraction may not be necessary when only ??15N is of interest. ?? 2007 NRC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z06-187","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Ricca, M., Miles, A., Anthony, R., Deng, X., and Hung, S.S., 2007, Effect of lipid extraction on analyses of stable carbon and stable nitrogen isotopes in coastal organisms of the Aleutian archipelago: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 85, no. 1, p. 40-48, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z06-187.","startPage":"40","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213869,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z06-187"},{"id":241534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05f2e4b0c8380cd51041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ricca, M.A.","contributorId":103609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deng, X.","contributorId":33933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deng","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hung, S. S. O.","contributorId":76275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032803,"text":"70032803 - 2007 - Measurements of spectral optical properties and their relation to biogeochemical variables and processes in Crater Lake, Crater Lake National Park, OR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T13:21:11","indexId":"70032803","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurements of spectral optical properties and their relation to biogeochemical variables and processes in Crater Lake, Crater Lake National Park, OR","docAbstract":"Spectral inherent optical properties (IOPs) have been measured at Crater Lake, OR, an extremely clear sub-alpine lake. Indeed Pure water IOPs are major contributors to the total IOPs, and thus to the color of the lake. Variations in the spatial distribution of IOPs were observed in June and September 2001, and reflect biogeochemical processes in the lake. Absorption by colored dissolved organic material increases with depth and between June and September in the upper 300 m. This pattern is consistent with a net release of dissolved organic materials from primary and secondary production through the summer and its photo-oxidation near the surface. Waters fed by a tributary near the lake's rim exhibited low levels of absorption by dissolved organic materials. Scattering is mostly dominated by organic particulate material, though inorganic material is found to enter the lake from the rim following a rain storm. Several similarities to oceanic oligotrophic regions are observed: (a) The Beam attenuation correlates well with particulate organic material (POM) and the relationship is similar to that observed in the open ocean. (b) The specific absorption of colored dissolved organic material has a value similar to that of open ocean humic material. (c) The distribution of chlorophyll with depth does not follow the distribution of particulate organic material due to photo-acclimation resulting in a subsurface pigment maximum located about 50 m below the POM maximum. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-2609-3","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Boss, E., Collier, R., Larson, G., Fennel, K., and Pegau, W., 2007, Measurements of spectral optical properties and their relation to biogeochemical variables and processes in Crater Lake, Crater Lake National Park, OR: Hydrobiologia, v. 574, no. 1, p. 149-159, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-2609-3.","startPage":"149","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213899,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-2609-3"}],"volume":"574","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5335e4b0c8380cd6c943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boss, E.S.","contributorId":61250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boss","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collier, R.","contributorId":36370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, G.","contributorId":41585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fennel, K.","contributorId":89361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fennel","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pegau, W.S.","contributorId":82137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pegau","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032823,"text":"70032823 - 2007 - Earthquake-by-earthquake fold growth above the Puente Hills blind thrust fault, Los Angeles, California: Implications for fold kinematics and seismic hazard","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:24","indexId":"70032823","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake-by-earthquake fold growth above the Puente Hills blind thrust fault, Los Angeles, California: Implications for fold kinematics and seismic hazard","docAbstract":"Boreholes and high-resolution seismic reflection data collected across the forelimb growth triangle above the central segment of the Puente Hills thrust fault (PHT) beneath Los Angeles, California, provide a detailed record of incremental fold growth during large earthquakes on this major blind thrust fault. These data document fold growth within a discrete kink band that narrows upward from ???460 m at the base of the Quaternary section (200-250 m depth) to <150 m at 2.5 m depth, with most growth during the most recent folding event occurring within a zone only ???60 m wide. These observations, coupled with evidence from petroleum industry seismic reflection data, demonstrate that most (>82% at 250 m depth) folding and uplift occur within discrete kink bands, thereby enabling us to develop a paleoseismic history of the underlying blind thrust fault. The borehole data reveal that the youngest part of the growth triangle in the uppermost 20 m comprises three stratigraphically discrete growth intervals marked by southward thickening sedimentary strata that are separated by intervals in which sediments do not change thickness across the site. We interpret the intervals of growth as occurring after the formation of now-buried paleofold scarps during three large PHT earthquakes in the past 8 kyr. The intervening intervals of no growth record periods of structural quiescence and deposition at the regional, near-horizontal stream gradient at the study site. Minimum uplift in each of the scarp-forming events, which occurred at 0.2-2.2 ka (event Y), 3.0-6.3 ka (event X), and 6.6-8.1 ka (event W), ranged from ???1.1 to ???1.6 m, indicating minimum thrust displacements of ???2.5 to 4.5 m. Such large displacements are consistent with the occurrence of large-magnitude earthquakes (Mw > 7). Cumulative, minimum uplift in the past three events was 3.3 to 4.7 m, suggesting cumulative thrust displacement of ???7 to 10.5 m. These values yield a minimum Holocene slip rate for the PHT of ???0.9 to 1.6 mm/yr. The borehole and seismic reflection data demonstrate that dip within the kink band is acquired incrementally, such that older strata that have been deformed by more earthquakes dip more steeply than younger strata. Specifically, strata dip 0.4?? at 4 m depth, 0.7?? at 20 m depth, 8?? at 90 m, 16?? at 110 m, and 17?? at 200 m. Moreover, structural restorations of the borehole data show that the locus of active folding (the anticlinal active axial surface) does not extend to the surface in exactly the same location from earthquake to earthquake. Rather, that the axial surfaces migrate from earthquake to earthquake, reflecting a component of fold growth by kink band migration. The incremental acquisition of bed dip in the growth triangle may reflect some combination of fold growth by limb rotation in addition to kink band migration, possibly through a component of trishear or shear fault bend folding. Alternatively, the component of limb rotation may result from curved hinge fault bend folding, and/or the mechanical response of loosely consolidated granular sediments in the shallow subsurface to folding at depth. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JB004461","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Leon, L., Christofferson, S., Dolan, J., Shaw, J., and Pratt, T.L., 2007, Earthquake-by-earthquake fold growth above the Puente Hills blind thrust fault, Los Angeles, California: Implications for fold kinematics and seismic hazard: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 112, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004461.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477157,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jb004461","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004461"},{"id":241331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0508e4b0c8380cd50c1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leon, L.A.","contributorId":17431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leon","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christofferson, S.A.","contributorId":9810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christofferson","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dolan, J.F.","contributorId":64813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaw, J.H.","contributorId":87261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032824,"text":"70032824 - 2007 - Space geodetic observation of expansion of the San Gabriel Valley, California, aquifer system, during heavy rainfall in winter 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T12:11:25.416975","indexId":"70032824","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space geodetic observation of expansion of the San Gabriel Valley, California, aquifer system, during heavy rainfall in winter 2004-2005","docAbstract":"[1] Starting early in 2005, the positions of GPS stations in the San Gabriel valley region of southern California showed statistically significant departures from their previous behavior. Station LONG moved up by about 47 mm, and nearby stations moved away from LONG by about 10 mm. These changes began during an extremely rainy season in southern California and coincided with a 16-m increase in water level at a nearby well in Baldwin Park and a regional uplift detected by interferometric synthetic aperture radar. No equivalent signals were seen in GPS station position time series elsewhere in southern California. Our preferred explanation, supported by the timing and by a hydrologic simulation, is deformation due to recharging of aquifers after near-record rainfall in 2004–2005. We cannot rule out an aseismic slip event, but we consider such an event unlikely because it requires slip on multiple faults and predicts other signals that are not observed.
The power law distribution of earthquake magnitudes and frequencies is a fundamental scaling relationship used for forecasting. However, can its slope (b value) be used on individual faults as a stress indicator? Some have concluded that b values drop just before large shocks. Others suggested that temporally stable low b value zones identify future large-earthquake locations. This study assesses the frequency of b value anomalies portending M ≥ 4.0 shocks versus how often they do not. I investigated M ≥ 4.0 Calaveras fault earthquakes because there have been 25 over the 37-year duration of the instrumental catalog on the most active southern half of the fault. With that relatively large sample, I conducted retrospective time and space earthquake forecasts. I calculated temporal b value changes in 5-km-radius cylindrical volumes of crust that were significant at 90% confidence, but these changes were poor forecasters of M ≥ 4.0 earthquakes. M ≥ 4.0 events were as likely to happen at times of high b values as they were at low ones. However, I could not rule out a hypothesis that spatial b value anomalies portend M ≥ 4.0 events; of 20 M ≥ 4 shocks that could be studied, 6 to 8 (depending on calculation method) occurred where b values were significantly less than the spatial mean, 1 to 2 happened above the mean, and 10 to 13 occurred within 90% confidence intervals of the mean and were thus inconclusive. Thus spatial b value variation might be a useful forecast tool, but resolution is poor, even on seismically active faults.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2006JB004632","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2007, Forecast experiment: do temporal and spatial b value variations along the Calaveras fault portend M ≥ 4.0 earthquakes?: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 112, no. B3, B03308; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004632.","productDescription":"B03308; 14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477353,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jb004632","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004632"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Calaveras Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.992075,37.854924 ], [ -121.992075,37.420461 ], [ -121.576888,37.420461 ], [ -121.576888,37.854924 ], [ -121.992075,37.854924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"112","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1311e4b0c8380cd544e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":22056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032828,"text":"70032828 - 2007 - Mode of occurrence of arsenic in feed coal and its derivative fly ash, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T11:19:04.862021","indexId":"70032828","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mode of occurrence of arsenic in feed coal and its derivative fly ash, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama","docAbstract":"An arsenic-rich (As = 55 ppm) bituminous feed coal from the Black Warrior Basin, Alabama and its derivative fly ash (As = 230 ppm) were selected for detailed investigation of arsenic residence and chemical forms. Analytical techniques included microbeam analysis, selective extraction, and As K-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. Most As in the coal is contained in a generation of As-bearing pyrite (FeS2) that formed in response to epigenetic introduction of hydrothermal fluids. XAFS results indicate that approximately 50% of the As in the coal sample occurs as the oxidized As(V) species, possibly the result of incipient oxidation of coal and pyrite prior to our analysis. Combustion of pyrite and host coal produced fly ash in which 95% of As is present as As(V). Selective extraction of the fly ash with a carbonate buffer solution (pH = 10) removed 49% of the As. A different extraction with an HCl-NH2OH mixture, which targets amorphous and poorly crystalline iron oxides, dissolved 79% of the As. XAFS spectroscopy of this highly acidic (pH = 3.0) fly ash indicated that As is associated with some combination of iron oxide, oxyhydroxide, or sulfate. In contrast, a highly alkaline (pH = 12.7) fly ash from Turkey shows most As associated with a phase similar to calcium orthoarsenate (Ca3(AsO4)2). The combined XAFS results indicate that fly ash acidity, which is determined by coal composition and combustion conditions, may serve to predict arsenic speciation in fly ash.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2006.07.033","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Foster, A., Meeker, G., and Brownfield, I.K., 2007, Mode of occurrence of arsenic in feed coal and its derivative fly ash, Black Warrior Basin, Alabama: Fuel, v. 86, no. 4, p. 560-572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.07.033.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"572","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241431,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b9fe4b0c8380cd6f6b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":438103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brownfield, I. K.","contributorId":77915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032829,"text":"70032829 - 2007 - Heat, chloride, and specific conductance as ground water tracers near streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-06T11:28:50.363696","indexId":"70032829","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat, chloride, and specific conductance as ground water tracers near streams","docAbstract":"Commonly measured water quality parameters were compared to heat as tracers of stream water exchange with ground water. Temperature, specific conductance, and chloride were sampled at various frequencies in the stream and adjacent wells over a 2-year period. Strong seasonal variations in stream water were observed for temperature and specific conductance. In observation wells where the temperature response correlated to stream water, chloride and specific conductance values were similar to stream water values as well, indicating significant stream water exchange with ground water. At sites where ground water temperature fluctuations were negligible, chloride and/or specific conductance values did not correlate to stream water values, indicating that ground water was not significantly influenced by exchange with stream water. Best-fit simulation modeling was performed at two sites to derive temperature-based estimates of hydraulic conductivities of the alluvial sediments between the stream and wells. These estimates were used in solute transport simulations for a comparison of measured and simulated values for chloride and specific conductance. Simulation results showed that hydraulic conductivities vary seasonally and annually. This variability was a result of seasonal changes in temperature-dependent hydraulic conductivity and scouring or clogging of the streambed. Specific conductance fits were good, while chloride data were difficult to fit due to the infrequent (quarterly) stream water chloride measurements during the study period. Combined analyses of temperature, chloride, and specific conductance led to improved quantification of the spatial and temporal variability of stream water exchange with shallow ground water in an alluvial system.
We analyzed data from two surveys of fall migrating shorebirds in central and eastern North America to estimate annual trends in means per survey and to determine whether trends indicate a change in population size or might have been caused by other factors. The analysis showed a broad decline in means per survey in Atlantic Canada and the northeastern United States (North Atlantic region). For example, 9 of 9 significant trends in this region were <1 (P=0.004), and the mean, annual rate of change among 30 species was 0.9783, a decline of −2.17% per year (P<0.001). Trends in the midwestern United States (Midwest region) showed no clear pattern. The mean among 29 species was 1.0090 (P=0.35). Only 4 of the trends were significant. Several hypotheses were evaluated to identify causes of the declining means per survey in the North Atlantic region. The most likely hypothesis appears to be a decline in the breeding populations that supply migrants to the North Atlantic region, but a change in movements, for example passing through the region more quickly in recent years, cannot be excluded as an explanation. Further surveys of arctic breeding areas coupled with analysis of long‐term survey data from western North America would be helpful in determining whether the declines found in this analysis are also occurring in other areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"WIley","doi":"10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03698.x","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Brown, S., Harrington, B.A., and Morrison, R., 2007, Survey trends of North American shorebirds: Population declines or shifting distributions?: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 73-82, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03698.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2a0e4b08c986b31f839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Stephen","contributorId":40096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrington, Brian A.","contributorId":58989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrison, R.I. Guy","contributorId":52003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"R.I. Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030142,"text":"70030142 - 2007 - Airborne desert dust and aeromicrobiology over the Turkish Mediterranean coastline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T09:39:46","indexId":"70030142","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airborne desert dust and aeromicrobiology over the Turkish Mediterranean coastline","docAbstract":"Between 18 March and 27 October 2002, 220 air samples were collected on 209 of 224 calendar days, on top of a coastal atmospheric research tower in Erdemli, Turkey. The volume of air filtered for each sample was 340 liters. Two hundred fifty-seven bacterial and 2598 fungal colony forming units (CFU) were enumerated from the samples using a low-nutrient agar. Ground-based dust measurements demonstrated that the region is routinely impacted by dust generated regionally and from North Africa and that the highest combined percent recovery of total CFU and African dust deposition occurred in the month of April (93.4% of CFU recovery and 91.1% of dust deposition occurred during African dust days versus no African dust present, for that month). A statistically significant correlation was observed (peak regional African dust months of March, April and May; rs=0.576, P=0.000) between an increase in the prevalence of microorganisms recovered from atmospheric samples on dust days (regional and African as determined by ground-based dust measurements), versus that observed on non-dust days. Given the prevalence of atmospherically suspended desert dust and microorganisms observed in this study, and that culture-based studies typically only recover a small fraction (<1.0%) of the actual microbial population in any given environment, dust-borne microorganisms and other associated constituents (organic detritus, toxins, etc.) may play a significant role in the regional human and ecosystem health.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.023","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., Kubilay, N., Kocak, M., Gray, M.A., Borden, T.C., and Shinn, E., 2007, Airborne desert dust and aeromicrobiology over the Turkish Mediterranean coastline: Atmospheric Environment, v. 41, no. 19, p. 4050-4062, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.023.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4050","endPage":"4062","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487595,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/31009","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212824,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.023"},{"id":240371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Turkey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -20.0,20.0 ], [ -20.0,60.0 ], [ 60.0,60.0 ], [ 60.0,20.0 ], [ -20.0,20.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e91de4b0c8380cd480dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":425881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubilay, Nilgun","contributorId":105533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubilay","given":"Nilgun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocak, Mustafa","contributorId":40019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocak","given":"Mustafa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, Mike A.","contributorId":88954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borden, Timothy C.","contributorId":16224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borden","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":6883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032058,"text":"70032058 - 2007 - Ecology and behavior of the Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032058","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology and behavior of the Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) in Wyoming","docAbstract":"We conducted a three-year study to describe the ecology and behavior of the Midget Faded Rattlesnake, Crotalus organus concolor. We encountered 426 and telemetered 50 C. o. concolor between 2000 and 2002. We found that their primary diet was lizards (associated with rock outcrops), though they will consume small mammals and birds. They den in aggregations, although in low numbers when compared to other subspecies. Movements and activity ranges were among the largest reported for rattlesnakes. Minimum convex polygon area was 117.8 ha for males, 63.9 ha for nongravid females, and 4.8 ha for gravid females. Mean distances traveled per year were 2122.0 m for males, 1956.0 m for nongravid females, and 296.7 m for gravid and postpartum females. Following emergence from hibernation, they spent several weeks shedding, often in aggregations before migration, and migrations occurred in early summer. Most snakes made straight-line movements to and from discrete summer activity ranges where short, multidirectional movements ensued, although others made multidirectional movements throughout the active season. We observed mating behavior between 21 July and 12 August. Gravid females gave birth during the third week of August. Mean clutch size was 4.17 (range 2-7). We found that the sex ratio was skewed favoring females 1:1.24, and they were sexually dimorphic in size (males SVL = 44.1 cm; females SVL = 40.8 cm). Our data further illustrate the diversity within the large group of Western Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis). Copyright 2007 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[41:EABOTM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Parker, J., and Anderson, S., 2007, Ecology and behavior of the Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) in Wyoming: Journal of Herpetology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 41-51, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[41:EABOTM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"41","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214848,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[41:EABOTM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":242601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0564e4b0c8380cd50da6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, J.M.","contributorId":87497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.H.","contributorId":33667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032797,"text":"70032797 - 2007 - Pre-eruption recharge of the Bishop magma system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T11:09:24","indexId":"70032797","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre-eruption recharge of the Bishop magma system","docAbstract":"The 650 km3 rhyolitic Bishop Tuff (eastern California, USA), which is stratigraphically zoned with respect to temperatures of mineral equilibration, reflects a corresponding thermal gradient in the source magma chamber. Consistent with previous work, application of the new TitaniQ (Ti-in-quartz) thermometer to quartz phenocryst rims documents an ∼100 °C temperature increase with chamber depth at the time of eruption. Application of TitaniQ to quartz phenocryst cores, however, reveals lower temperatures and an earlier gradient that was less steep, with temperature increasing with depth by only ∼30 °C. In many late-erupted crystals, sharp boundaries that separate low-temperature cores from high-temperature rims cut internal cathodoluminescent growth zoning, indicating partial phenocryst dissolution prior to crystallization of the high-temperature rims. Rimward jumps in Ti concentration across these boundaries are too abrupt (e.g., 40 ppm across a distance of <10 µm) to have survived magmatic temperatures for more than ∼100 yr. We interpret these observations to indicate heating-induced partial dissolution of quartz, followed by growth of high-temperature rims (made possible by lowering of water activity due to addition of CO2) within 100 yr of the climactic 760 ka eruption. Hot mafic melts injected into deeper parts of the magma system were the likely source of heat and CO2, raising the possibility that eruption and caldera collapse owe their origin to a recharge event.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G23316A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Wark, D., Hildreth, W., Spear, F., Cherniak, D., and Watson, E., 2007, Pre-eruption recharge of the Bishop magma system: Geology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 235-238, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23316A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Bishop Tuff","volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80dae4b0c8380cd7b22e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wark, D.A.","contributorId":87379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wark","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spear, F.S.","contributorId":49189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherniak, D.J.","contributorId":27276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherniak","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watson, E.B.","contributorId":91308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033192,"text":"70033192 - 2007 - Evidence of experimental postcyclic transmission of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in bonytail chub (Gila elegans)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T15:55:42","indexId":"70033192","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of experimental postcyclic transmission of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in bonytail chub (Gila elegans)","docAbstract":"We examined the role that predation of infected conspecific fish and postcyclic transmission might play in the life cycle of the Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) Yamaguti, 1934. Young-of-the-year (YOY) bonytail chub (Gila elegans) were exposed to copepods infected with B. acheilognathi and subsequently fed to subadult bonytail chub. Within 1 wk after consumption of the YOY chub, subadults were necropsied and found infected with gravid and nongravid tapeworms. This study provides evidence that postcyclic transfer of B. acheilognathi can occur. Postcyclic transmission may be an important life history trait of B. acheilognathi that merits consideration when studying the impact and distribution of this invasive and potentially pathogenic tapeworm.
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Results indicate that D2M variability of SSTs in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, tropical Pacific, and Indian Oceans is associated with D2M variability of the UCRB. A principal components analysis (with varimax rotation) of detrended and 11-year smoothed global SSTs indicates that the two leading rotated principal components (RPCs) explain 56% of the variability in the transformed SST data. The first RPC (RPC1) strongly reflects variability associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the second RPC (RPC2) represents variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the tropical Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean SSTs. Results indicate that SSTs in the North Atlantic Ocean (RPC1) explain as much of the D2M variability in global SSTs as does the combination of Indian and Pacific Ocean variability (RPC2). These results suggest that SSTs in all of the oceans have some relation with flow of the UCRB, but the North Atlantic may have the strongest and most consistent association on D2M time scales. Hydroclimatic persistence on these time scales introduces significant nonstationarity in mean annual streamflow, with critical implications for UCRB water resource management. ?? 2007 American Water Resources Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., Betancourt, J., and Hidalgo, H., 2007, Associations of decadal to multidecadal sea-surface temperature variability with Upper Colorado River flow: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 43, no. 1, p. 183-192, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x.","startPage":"183","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00015.x"},{"id":240820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee95e4b0c8380cd49e3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":439763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}