Breaching of barrier islands can adversely impact society by severing infrastructure, destroying private properties, and altering water quality in back bays and estuaries. This study provides a scheme that assesses the relative vulnerability of a barrier island to breach during storms. Dauphin Island, Alabama was selected for this study because it has a well documented history of island breaches and extensive geological and geomorphic data. To assess the vulnerability of the island, we defined several variables contributing to the risk of breaching: island geology, breaching history, and island topography and geomorphology. These variables were combined to form a breaching index (BI) value for cross island computational bins, each bin every 50 m in the alongshore direction. Results suggest the eastern section of Dauphin Island has the lowest risk of breaching with the remaining portion of the island having a moderate to high risk of breaching. Two reaches in the western section of the island were found to be particularly vulnerable due primarily to their minimal cross-sectional dimensions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40926(239)157","isbn":"0784409269; 9780784409268","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M., and Sallenger, A., 2007, Barrier island vulnerability to breaching: a case study on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, LA, p. 2002-2010, https://doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)157.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2002","endPage":"2010","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212373,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)157"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.327384,30.199377 ], [ -88.327384,30.312412 ], [ -88.051287,30.312412 ], [ -88.051287,30.199377 ], [ -88.327384,30.199377 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efbee4b0c8380cd4a41b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Mark","contributorId":81893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030159,"text":"70030159 - 2007 - Characterization of microsatellite DNA markers for the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii: Primer note","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:38","indexId":"70030159","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2775,"text":"Molecular Ecology Notes","onlineIssn":"1471-8286","printIssn":"1471-8278","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of microsatellite DNA markers for the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii: Primer note","docAbstract":"Two trinucleotide and seven tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated from an alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys temminckii. To assess the degree of variability in these nine microsatellite loci, we genotyped 174 individuals collected from eight river drainage basins in the southeastern USA. These markers revealed a moderate degree of allelic diversity (six to 16 alleles per locus) and observed heterozygosity (0.166-0.686). These polymorphic microsatellite loci provide powerful tools for population genetic studies for a species that is afforded some level of conservation protection in every state in which it occurs. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01624.x","issn":"14718278","usgsCitation":"Hackler, J., Van Den Bussche, R.A., and Leslie, D., 2007, Characterization of microsatellite DNA markers for the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii: Primer note: Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 7, no. 3, p. 474-476, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01624.x.","startPage":"474","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213080,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01624.x"},{"id":240667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d0e4b0c8380cd4bf38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackler, J.C.","contributorId":105835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.","contributorId":41121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Bussche","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030813,"text":"70030813 - 2007 - Forecasting probabilistic seismic shaking for greater Tokyo from 400 years of intensity observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030813","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting probabilistic seismic shaking for greater Tokyo from 400 years of intensity observations","docAbstract":"The long recorded history of earthquakes in Japan affords an opportunity to forecast seismic shaking exclusively from past shaking. We calculate the time-averaged (Poisson) probability of severe shaking by using more than 10,000 intensity observations recorded since AD 1600 in a 350 km-wide box centered on Tokyo. Unlike other hazard-assessment methods, source and site effects are included without modeling, and we do not need to know the size or location of any earthquake nor the location and slip rate of any fault. The two key assumptions are that the slope of the observed frequency-intensity relation at every site is the same, and that the 400-year record is long enough to encompass the full range of seismic behavior. Tests we conduct here suggest that both assumptions are sound. The resulting 30-year probability of IJMA ??? 6 shaking (??? PGA ??? 0.4 g or MMI ??? IX) is 30%-40% in Tokyo, Kawasaki, and Yokohama, and 10% 15% in Chiba and Tsukuba. This result means that there is a 30% chance that 4 million people will be subjected to IJMA ??? 6 shaking during an average 30-year period. We also produce exceedance maps of PGA for building-code regulations, and calculate short-term hazard associated with a hypothetical catastrophe bond. Our results resemble an independent assessment developed from conventional seismic hazard analysis for greater Tokyo. ?? 2007, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.2753504","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Bozkurt, S., Stein, R., and Toda, S., 2007, Forecasting probabilistic seismic shaking for greater Tokyo from 400 years of intensity observations: Earthquake Spectra, v. 23, no. 3, p. 525-546, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2753504.","startPage":"525","endPage":"546","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211609,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2753504"},{"id":238926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1318e4b0c8380cd54507","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bozkurt, S.B.","contributorId":14188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bozkurt","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toda, S.","contributorId":102228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030811,"text":"70030811 - 2007 - Loess sedimentation in Tibet: provenance, processes, and link with Quaternary glaciations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030811","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loess sedimentation in Tibet: provenance, processes, and link with Quaternary glaciations","docAbstract":"Well-preserved loess deposits are found on the foothills of mountains along the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in southern Tibet. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is used to determine loess ages by applying the single-aliquot regeneration technique. Geochemical, mineralogical, and granulometric measurements were carried out to allow a comparison between loess from Tibet and the Chinese Loess Plateau. Our results demonstrate that (i) the loess deposits have a basal age of 13-11 ka, suggesting they accumulated after the last deglaciation, (ii) loess in southern Tibet has a \"glacial\" origin, resulting from eolian sorting of glaciofluvial outwash deposits from braided river channels or alluvial fans by local near-surface winds, and (iii) the present loess in the interior of Tibet has accumulated since the last deglaciation when increased monsoonal circulation provided an increased vegetation cover that was sufficient for trapping eolian silt. The lack of full-glacial loess is either due to minimal vegetation cover or possibly due to the erosion of loess as glaciofluvial outwash during the beginning of each interglacial. Such processes would have been repeated during each glacial-interglacial cycle of the Quaternary. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.05.003","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Sun, J., Li, S., Muhs, D., and Li, B., 2007, Loess sedimentation in Tibet: provenance, processes, and link with Quaternary glaciations: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 26, no. 17-18, p. 2265-2280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.05.003.","startPage":"2265","endPage":"2280","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.05.003"}],"volume":"26","issue":"17-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a493ce4b0c8380cd68449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Jielun","contributorId":33443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Jielun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, S.-H.","contributorId":45884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, B.","contributorId":85395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032058,"text":"70032058 - 2007 - Ecology and behavior of the Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) in Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032058","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology and behavior of the Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) in Wyoming","docAbstract":"We conducted a three-year study to describe the ecology and behavior of the Midget Faded Rattlesnake, Crotalus organus concolor. We encountered 426 and telemetered 50 C. o. concolor between 2000 and 2002. We found that their primary diet was lizards (associated with rock outcrops), though they will consume small mammals and birds. They den in aggregations, although in low numbers when compared to other subspecies. Movements and activity ranges were among the largest reported for rattlesnakes. Minimum convex polygon area was 117.8 ha for males, 63.9 ha for nongravid females, and 4.8 ha for gravid females. Mean distances traveled per year were 2122.0 m for males, 1956.0 m for nongravid females, and 296.7 m for gravid and postpartum females. Following emergence from hibernation, they spent several weeks shedding, often in aggregations before migration, and migrations occurred in early summer. Most snakes made straight-line movements to and from discrete summer activity ranges where short, multidirectional movements ensued, although others made multidirectional movements throughout the active season. We observed mating behavior between 21 July and 12 August. Gravid females gave birth during the third week of August. Mean clutch size was 4.17 (range 2-7). We found that the sex ratio was skewed favoring females 1:1.24, and they were sexually dimorphic in size (males SVL = 44.1 cm; females SVL = 40.8 cm). Our data further illustrate the diversity within the large group of Western Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis). Copyright 2007 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[41:EABOTM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Parker, J., and Anderson, S., 2007, Ecology and behavior of the Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) in Wyoming: Journal of Herpetology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 41-51, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[41:EABOTM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"41","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214848,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[41:EABOTM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":242601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0564e4b0c8380cd50da6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, J.M.","contributorId":87497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.H.","contributorId":33667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032055,"text":"70032055 - 2007 - Sensitivity of high-frequency Rayleigh-wave data revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032055","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sensitivity of high-frequency Rayleigh-wave data revisited","docAbstract":"Rayleigh-wave phase velocity of a layered earth model is a function of frequency and four groups of earth properties: P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity (Vs), density, and thickness of layers. Analysis of the Jacobian matrix (or the difference method) provides a measure of dispersion curve sensitivity to earth properties. Vs is the dominant influence for the fundamental mode (Xia et al., 1999) and higher modes (Xia et al., 2003) of dispersion curves in a high frequency range (>2 Hz) followed by layer thickness. These characteristics are the foundation of determining S-wave velocities by inversion of Rayleigh-wave data. More applications of surface-wave techniques show an anomalous velocity layer such as a high-velocity layer (HVL) or a low-velocity layer (LVL) commonly exists in near-surface materials. Spatial location (depth) of an anomalous layer is usually the most important information that surface-wave techniques are asked to provide. Understanding and correctly defining the sensitivity of high-frequency Rayleigh-wave data due to depth of an anomalous velocity layer are crucial in applying surface-wave techniques to obtain a Vs profile and/or determine the depth of an anomalous layer. Because depth is not a direct earth property of a layered model, changes in depth will result in changes in other properties. Modeling results show that sensitivity at a given depth calculated by the difference method is dependent on the Vs difference (contrast) between an anomalous layer and surrounding layers. The larger the contrast is, the higher the sensitivity due to depth of the layer. Therefore, the Vs contrast is a dominant contributor to sensitivity of Rayleigh-wave data due to depth of an anomalous layer. Modeling results also suggest that the most sensitive depth for an HVL is at about the middle of the depth to the half-space, but for an LVL it is near the ground surface. ?? 2007 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2792614","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., and Ivanov, J., 2007, Sensitivity of high-frequency Rayleigh-wave data revisited, in SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 26, no. 1, p. 1142-1146, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2792614.","startPage":"1142","endPage":"1146","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214781,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2792614"},{"id":242532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d30e4b08c986b3182c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032054,"text":"70032054 - 2007 - Survey trends of North American shorebirds: Population declines or shifting distributions?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T14:01:13","indexId":"70032054","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey trends of North American shorebirds: Population declines or shifting distributions?","docAbstract":"We analyzed data from two surveys of fall migrating shorebirds in central and eastern North America to estimate annual trends in means per survey and to determine whether trends indicate a change in population size or might have been caused by other factors. The analysis showed a broad decline in means per survey in Atlantic Canada and the northeastern United States (North Atlantic region). For example, 9 of 9 significant trends in this region were <1 (P=0.004), and the mean, annual rate of change among 30 species was 0.9783, a decline of −2.17% per year (P<0.001). Trends in the midwestern United States (Midwest region) showed no clear pattern. The mean among 29 species was 1.0090 (P=0.35). Only 4 of the trends were significant. Several hypotheses were evaluated to identify causes of the declining means per survey in the North Atlantic region. The most likely hypothesis appears to be a decline in the breeding populations that supply migrants to the North Atlantic region, but a change in movements, for example passing through the region more quickly in recent years, cannot be excluded as an explanation. Further surveys of arctic breeding areas coupled with analysis of long‐term survey data from western North America would be helpful in determining whether the declines found in this analysis are also occurring in other areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"WIley","doi":"10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03698.x","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Brown, S., Harrington, B.A., and Morrison, R., 2007, Survey trends of North American shorebirds: Population declines or shifting distributions?: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 73-82, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03698.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2a0e4b08c986b31f839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":434335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Stephen","contributorId":40096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrington, Brian A.","contributorId":58989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrison, R.I. Guy","contributorId":52003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"R.I. Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031162,"text":"70031162 - 2007 - Wildlife species associated with non-coniferous vegetation in Pacific Northwest conifer forests: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T18:05:47","indexId":"70031162","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildlife species associated with non-coniferous vegetation in Pacific Northwest conifer forests: A review","docAbstract":"Non-coniferous vegetation, including herbs, shrubs, and broad-leaved trees, makes a vital contribution to ecosystem function and diversity in Pacific Northwest conifer forests. However, forest management has largely been indifferent or detrimental to shrubs and trees that have low commercial value, in spite of a paradigm shift towards more holistic management in recent decades. Forest management practices that are detrimental to broad-leaved trees and shrubs are likely to decrease habitat diversity for wildlife, but the number of species that may be affected has not previously been enumerated. I reviewed life history accounts for forest-dwelling vertebrate wildlife species and derived a list of 78 species in Oregon and Washington that are associated with non-coniferous vegetation. The diversity of direct and indirect food resources provided was the primary functional basis for associations of most species with non-coniferous vegetation. Thus, a diversity of herbs and broad-leaved trees and shrubs provides the foundation for food webs that contribute to diversity at multiple trophic levels in Pacific Northwest conifer forests. Given the number of species associated with non-coniferous vegetation in conifer-dominated forests, maintaining habitats that support diverse plant communities, particularly broad-leaved trees and shrubs, will be an important component of management strategies intended to foster biodiversity. Silvicultural practices such as modified planting densities, and pre-commercial and commercial thinning, can be used to control stand density in order to favor the development of understory herbs, shrubs, and a diversity of tree species within managed stands. Allowing shrubs and hardwood trees to develop and persist in early seral stands by curtailing vegetation control also would benefit many species associated with non-coniferous vegetation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.054","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Hagar, J., 2007, Wildlife species associated with non-coniferous vegetation in Pacific Northwest conifer forests: A review: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 246, no. 1 SPEC. ISS., p. 108-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.054.","startPage":"108","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.054"}],"volume":"246","issue":"1 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0ffe4b08c986b32f18f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagar, J.C.","contributorId":46208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030803,"text":"70030803 - 2007 - Simultaneous determination of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) using reversed-phased ion-pairing liquid chromatography with dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030803","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simultaneous determination of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) using reversed-phased ion-pairing liquid chromatography with dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method for the simultaneous determination of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) species in waters, soil leachates and synthetic bio-fluids is described. The method uses reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatography to separate the chromium species and a dynamic reaction cell (DRC??) equipped ICP-MS for detection of chromium. Separation of the chromium species is carried out in less than 2 min. Cr(iii) is complexed with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) prior to separation by mixing samples with the mobile phase containing 2.0 mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), 0.5 mM EDTA (dipotassium salt), and 5% (vol/vol) methanol, adjusted to pH 7.6. The interfering 40Ar 12C+ background peak at mass 52 was reduced by over four orders of magnitude to less than 200 cps by using 0.65 mL min-1 ammonia as a reaction gas and an RPq setting on the DRC of 0.75. Method detection limits (MDLs) of 0.09 ??g L-1 for Cr(iii) and 0.06 ??g L-1 for Cr(vi) were obtained based on peak areas at mass 52 for 50 ??L injections of low level spikes. Reproducibility at 2 ??g L-1 was 3% RSD for 5 replicate injections. The tolerance of the method to various levels of common cations and anions found in natural waters and to matrix constituents found in soil leachates and simulated gastric and lung fluids was tested by performing spike recovery calculations for a variety of samples. ?? The Royal Society of Chemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1039/b704597b","issn":"02679477","usgsCitation":"Wolf, R., Morrison, J., and Goldhaber, M., 2007, Simultaneous determination of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) using reversed-phased ion-pairing liquid chromatography with dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 22, no. 9, p. 1051-1060, https://doi.org/10.1039/b704597b.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1060","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b704597b"},{"id":238795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90d0e4b08c986b319682","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, R.E.","contributorId":11827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, J.M.","contributorId":9063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030802,"text":"70030802 - 2007 - An automated approach to detecting signals in electroantennogram data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030802","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2205,"text":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated approach to detecting signals in electroantennogram data","docAbstract":"Coupled gas chromatography/electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) is a widely used method for identifying insect olfactory stimulants present in mixtures of volatiles, and it can greatly accelerate the identification of insect semiochemicals. In GC-EAD, voltage changes across an insect's antenna are measured while the antenna is exposed to compounds eluting from a gas chromatograph. The antenna thus serves as a selective GC detector whose output can be compared to that of a \"general\" GC detector, commonly a flame ionization detector. Appropriate interpretation of GC-EAD results requires that olfaction-related voltage changes in the antenna be distinguishable from background noise that arises inevitably from antennal preparations and the GC-EAD-associated hardware. In this paper, we describe and compare mathematical algorithms for discriminating olfaction-generated signals in an EAD trace from background noise. The algorithms amplify signals by recognizing their characteristic shape and wavelength while suppressing unstructured noise. We have found these algorithms to be both powerful and highly discriminatory even when applied to noisy traces where the signals would be difficult to discriminate by eye. This new methodology removes operator bias as a factor in signal identification, can improve realized sensitivity of the EAD system, and reduces the number of runs required to confirm the identity of an olfactory stimulant. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10886-007-9338-6","issn":"00980331","usgsCitation":"Slone, D., and Sullivan, B., 2007, An automated approach to detecting signals in electroantennogram data: Journal of Chemical Ecology, v. 33, no. 9, p. 1748-1762, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-007-9338-6.","startPage":"1748","endPage":"1762","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477239,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.400.2641","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-007-9338-6"},{"id":238794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1fe4b0c8380cd4864e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slone, D. H. 0000-0002-9903-9727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-9727","contributorId":33040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slone","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, B.T.","contributorId":91690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030801,"text":"70030801 - 2007 - Natural restoration of degraded rangeland ecosystem in Heshan hilly land","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030801","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":630,"text":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural restoration of degraded rangeland ecosystem in Heshan hilly land","docAbstract":"This study examined the 20-yr trend of natural restoration of a degraded rangeland ecosystem after disturbance in Heshan hilly land. The results showed that herbs and shrubs were the dominant plants in the community and only a small number of the shade-intolerant tree species had invaded, showing the characteristics of assembly of pioneer communities. The organic matter content, soluble nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium had recovered to the level of the local climax community. Part of the ecological functions such as water and soil conservation had also recovered. While the functions of water and soil conservation recovered first, more time was needed for productivity and other functions to completely recover, suggesting the idiosyncratic nature of different ecosystem variables in response to time and microclimate change. Particularly, nutrient cycling recovered very slowly by natural restoration and artificial plantation may be necessary to accelerate the restoration process. ?? 2007 Ecological Society of China.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1872-2032(07)60076-6","issn":"18722032","usgsCitation":"Hai, R., Weibing, D., Jun, W., Zuoyue, Y., and Qinfeng, G., 2007, Natural restoration of degraded rangeland ecosystem in Heshan hilly land: Acta Ecologica Sinica, v. 27, no. 9, p. 3593-3600, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(07)60076-6.","startPage":"3593","endPage":"3600","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2032(07)60076-6"},{"id":238762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6358e4b0c8380cd7244a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hai, R.","contributorId":86560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hai","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weibing, D.","contributorId":53595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weibing","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jun, W.","contributorId":91689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jun","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zuoyue, Y.","contributorId":63612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuoyue","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Qinfeng, G.","contributorId":18575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qinfeng","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032053,"text":"70032053 - 2007 - Evolutionary history of the ABCB2 genomic region in teleosts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032053","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1383,"text":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolutionary history of the ABCB2 genomic region in teleosts","docAbstract":"Gene duplication, silencing and translocation have all been implicated in shaping the unique genomic architecture of the teleost MH regions. Previously, we demonstrated that trout possess five unlinked regions encoding MH genes. One of these regions harbors ABCB2 which in all other vertebrate classes is found in the MHC class II region. In this study, we sequenced a BAC contig for the trout ABCB2 region. Analysis of this region revealed the presence of genes homologous to those located in the human class II (ABCB2, BRD2, ??DAA), extended class II (RGL2, PHF1, SYGP1) and class III (PBX2, Notch-L) regions. The organization and syntenic relationships of this region were then compared to similar regions in humans, Tetraodon and zebrafish to learn more about the evolutionary history of this region. Our analysis indicates that this region was generated during the teleost-specific duplication event while also providing insight about potential MH paralogous regions in teleosts. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2006.07.010","issn":"0145305X","usgsCitation":"Palti, Y., Rodriguez, M., Gahr, S., and Hansen, J., 2007, Evolutionary history of the ABCB2 genomic region in teleosts: Developmental and Comparative Immunology, v. 31, no. 5, p. 483-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2006.07.010.","startPage":"483","endPage":"498","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214749,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2006.07.010"},{"id":242499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d91e4b0c8380cd530b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palti, Y.","contributorId":105081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palti","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, M.F.","contributorId":75769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gahr, S.A.","contributorId":103889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gahr","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, J.D.","contributorId":107880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030120,"text":"70030120 - 2007 - Habitat relationships of birds overwintering in a managed coastal prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:08","indexId":"70030120","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat relationships of birds overwintering in a managed coastal prairie","docAbstract":"Grassland birds are considered to be rapidly declining in North America. Management approaches for grassland birds frequently rely on prescribed burning to maintain habitat in suitable condition. We evaluated the relationships among years since burn, vegetation structure, and overwintering grassland bird abundance in coastal prairie. Le Conte's Sparrows (Ammodramus leconteii) were most common in areas that had: (1) been burned within the previous 2 years, (2) medium density herbaceous vegetation, and (3) sparse shrub densities. Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) were associated with areas: (1) burned within 1 year, (2) with sparse herbaceous vegetation, and (3) with sparse shrub densities. Sedge Wrens (Cistothorus platensis) were most common in areas that had: (1) burned greater than 2 years prior and (2) dense herbaceous vegetation. Swamp Sparrows (Melospiza georgiana): (1) were most common in areas of dense shrubs, (2) not related to time since burnings, and (3) demonstrated no relationship to herbaceous vegetation densities. The relationships to fire histories for all four bird species could be explained by the associated vegetation characteristics indicating the need for a mosaic of burn rotations and modest levels of woody vegetation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/05-129.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, H., Grace, J., Barrow, W., and Rohwer, F., 2007, Habitat relationships of birds overwintering in a managed coastal prairie: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 119, no. 2, p. 189-197, https://doi.org/10.1676/05-129.1.","startPage":"189","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/05-129.1"},{"id":240569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f1ae4b0c8380cd5cab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, H.Q.","contributorId":27680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"H.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":11183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rohwer, F.C.","contributorId":26043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohwer","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032030,"text":"70032030 - 2007 - Foraging patterns of Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants in the Columbia River estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T17:37:46.705487","indexId":"70032030","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging patterns of Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants in the Columbia River estuary","docAbstract":"We examined spatial and temporal foraging patterns of Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants nesting in the Columbia River estuary, to potentially identify circumstances where juvenile salmonids listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act might be more vulnerable to predation by these avian piscivores. Data were collected during the 1998 and 1999 breeding seasons, using point count surveys of foraging birds at 40 sites along the river's banks, and using aerial strip transect counts throughout the estuary for terns. In 1998, terns selected tidal flats and sites with roosting beaches nearby for foraging, making greater use of the marine/mixing zone of the estuary later in the season, particularly areas near the ocean jetties. In 1999, cormorants selected foraging sites in freshwater along the main channel with pile dikes present, particularly early in the season. Foraging trends in the other year for each species were generally similar to the above but usually not significant. During aerial surveys we observed 50% of foraging and commuting terns within 8 km of the Rice Island colony, and ≤ 5% of activity occurred ≥ 27 km from this colony in both years. Disproportionately greater cormorant foraging activity at pile dikes may indicate greater vulnerability of salmonids to predation at those features. Colony relocations to sites at sufficient distance from areas of relatively high salmonid abundance may be a straightforward means of reducing impacts of avian predation on salmonids than habitat alterations within the Columbia River estuary, at least for terns.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.3955/0029-344X-81.2.91","usgsCitation":"Lyons, D., Roby, D., and Collis, K., 2007, Foraging patterns of Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants in the Columbia River estuary: Northwest Science, v. 81, no. 2, p. 91-103, https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-81.2.91.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.10705566406249,\n 46.22260258751594\n ],\n [\n -124.00680541992188,\n 46.224502800461025\n ],\n [\n -123.90930175781249,\n 46.22260258751594\n ],\n [\n -123.90930175781249,\n 46.3127900695348\n ],\n [\n -124.10705566406249,\n 46.3127900695348\n ],\n [\n -124.10705566406249,\n 46.22260258751594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1300e4b0c8380cd5449e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, Donald E.","contributorId":20119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roby, D.D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":70944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collis, K.","contributorId":90910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collis","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032028,"text":"70032028 - 2007 - Bora event variability and the role of air-sea feedback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:27","indexId":"70032028","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bora event variability and the role of air-sea feedback","docAbstract":"A two-way interacting high resolution numerical simulation of the Adriatic Sea using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and Coupled Ocean/ Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS??) was conducted to improve forecast momentum and heat flux fields, and to evaluate surface flux field differences for two consecutive bora events during February 2003. (COAMPS?? is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory.) The strength, mean positions and extensions of the bora jets, and the atmospheric conditions driving them varied considerably between the two events. Bora 1 had 62% stronger heat flux and 51% larger momentum flux than bora 2. The latter displayed much greater diurnal variability characterized by inertial oscillations and the early morning strengthening of a west Adriatic barrier jet, beneath which a stronger west Adriatic ocean current developed. Elsewhere, surface ocean current differences between the two events were directly related to differences in wind stress curl generated by the position and strength of the individual bora jets. The mean heat flux bias was reduced by 72%, and heat flux RMSE reduced by 30% on average at four instrumented over-water sites in the two-way coupled simulation relative to the uncoupled control. Largest reductions in wind stress were found in the bora jets, while the biggest reductions in heat flux were found along the north and west coasts of the Adriatic. In bora 2, SST gradients impacted the wind stress curl along the north and west coasts, and in bora 1 wind stress curl was sensitive to the Istrian front position and strength. The two-way coupled simulation produced diminished surface current speeds of ???12% over the northern Adriatic during both bora compared with a one-way coupled simulation. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JC003726","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pullen, J., Doyle, J., Haack, T., Dorman, C., Signell, R.P., and Lee, C., 2007, Bora event variability and the role of air-sea feedback: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 112, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003726.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477170,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3671","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003726"}],"volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f20fe4b0c8380cd4afb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pullen, J.","contributorId":34339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pullen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, J.D.","contributorId":67917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haack, T.","contributorId":89366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorman, C.","contributorId":25781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorman","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, C.M.","contributorId":40031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032024,"text":"70032024 - 2007 - Scaling local species-habitat relations to the larger landscape with a hierarchical spatial count model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:28","indexId":"70032024","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling local species-habitat relations to the larger landscape with a hierarchical spatial count model","docAbstract":"Much of what is known about avian species-habitat relations has been derived from studies of birds at local scales. It is entirely unclear whether the relations observed at these scales translate to the larger landscape in a predictable linear fashion. We derived habitat models and mapped predicted abundances for three forest bird species of eastern North America using bird counts, environmental variables, and hierarchical models applied at three spatial scales. Our purpose was to understand habitat associations at multiple spatial scales and create predictive abundance maps for purposes of conservation planning at a landscape scale given the constraint that the variables used in this exercise were derived from local-level studies. Our models indicated a substantial influence of landscape context for all species, many of which were counter to reported associations at finer spatial extents. We found land cover composition provided the greatest contribution to the relative explained variance in counts for all three species; spatial structure was second in importance. No single spatial scale dominated any model, indicating that these species are responding to factors at multiple spatial scales. For purposes of conservation planning, areas of predicted high abundance should be investigated to evaluate the conservation potential of the landscape in their general vicinity. In addition, the models and spatial patterns of abundance among species suggest locations where conservation actions may benefit more than one species. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-006-9005-2","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W., and Knutson, M.G., 2007, Scaling local species-habitat relations to the larger landscape with a hierarchical spatial count model: Landscape Ecology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 61-75, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9005-2.","startPage":"61","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9005-2"},{"id":242565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8716e4b08c986b3162e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032022,"text":"70032022 - 2007 - Influence of tectonic folding on rockfall susceptibility, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T20:40:23","indexId":"70032022","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of tectonic folding on rockfall susceptibility, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"We examine rockfall susceptibility of folded strata in the Sevier fold-thrust belt exposed in American Fork Canyon in north-central Utah. Large-scale geologic mapping, talus production data, rock-mass-quality measurements, and historical rockfall data indicate that rockfall susceptibility is correlated with limb dip and curvature of the folded, cliff-forming Mississippian limestones. On fold limbs, rockfall susceptibility increases as dip increases. This relation is controlled by several factors, including an increase in adverse dip conditions and apertures of discontinuities, and shearing by flexural slip during folding that has reduced the friction angles of discontinuities by smoothing surface asperities. Susceptibility is greater in fold hinge zones than on adjacent limbs primarily because there are greater numbers of discontinuities in hinge zones. We speculate that susceptibility increases in hinge zones as fold curvature becomes tighter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-7-1-2007","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., and Harp, E.L., 2007, Influence of tectonic folding on rockfall susceptibility, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 7, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-1-2007.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-1-2007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267915,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-1-2007"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b84e4b0c8380cd625e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":434197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031160,"text":"70031160 - 2007 - Estimated variability of National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Mercury Deposition Network measurements using collocated samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70031160","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated variability of National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Mercury Deposition Network measurements using collocated samplers","docAbstract":"The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) provides long-term, quality-assured records of mercury in wet deposition in the USA and Canada. Interpretation of spatial and temporal trends in the MDN data requires quantification of the variability of the MDN measurements. Variability is quantified for MDN data from collocated samplers at MDN sites in two states, one in Illinois and one in Washington. Median absolute differences in the collocated sampler data for total mercury concentration are approximately 11% of the median mercury concentration for all valid 1999-2004 MDN data. Median absolute differences are between 3.0% and 14% of the median MDN value for collector catch (sample volume) and between 6.0% and 15% of the median MDN value for mercury wet deposition. The overall measurement errors are sufficiently low to resolve between NADP/MDN measurements by ??2 ng??l-1 and ??2 ????m-2?? year-1, which are the contour intervals used to display the data on NADP isopleths maps for concentration and deposition, respectively. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-006-9456-6","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Wetherbee, G., Gay, D., Brunette, R., and Sweet, C., 2007, Estimated variability of National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Mercury Deposition Network measurements using collocated samplers: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 131, no. 1-3, p. 49-69, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9456-6.","startPage":"49","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211379,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9456-6"},{"id":238659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ab0e4b0c8380cd52429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetherbee, G.A.","contributorId":46136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gay, D.A.","contributorId":54018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brunette, R.C.","contributorId":47160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunette","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweet, C.W.","contributorId":8286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweet","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031159,"text":"70031159 - 2007 - Reinterpretation of Paleoproterozoic accretionary boundaries of the north-central United States based on a new aeromagnetic-geologic compilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70031159","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reinterpretation of Paleoproterozoic accretionary boundaries of the north-central United States based on a new aeromagnetic-geologic compilation","docAbstract":"The Paleoproterozoic crust in the north-central U.S. represents intact juvenile terranes accreted to the rifted Archean Superior craton. A new tectonic province map, based on the interpretation of a new aeromagnetic compilation, published geologic maps, and recent geochronologic data, shows progressive accretion of juvenile arc terranes from ca. 1900-1600 Ma. Contrary to earlier models, geon 18 Penokean-interval crust is primarily confined to a ???2100 Ma tectonic embayment of the rifted Superior craton. The newly defined Spirit Lake tectonic zone, characterized by a sharp magnetic discontinuity that marks the southern limit of Archean and Penokean-interval rocks, is here interpreted to represent an eastern analog of the Cheyenne belt suture zone in southern Wyoming. South of this boundary, geon 17 Yavapai-interval rocks form the basement upon which 1750 Ma rhyolite and succeeding quartzite sequences were deposited. Substantial portions of the Penokean and Yavapai terranes were subsequently deformed during the 1650-1630 Ma Mazatzal orogeny. The northern boundary of the Mazatzal terrane is obscured by abundant 1470-1430 Ma \"anorogenic\" plutons that stitched the suture with the older Yavapai terrane rocks. These data reveal a progressive tectonic younging to the south as the Laurentian craton grew southward and stabilized during the Proterozoic. Late Mesoproterozoic rift magmatism produced pronounced geophysical anomalies, indicating strong, but localized crustal modification. In comparison to the western U.S., little tectonism has occurred here in the last 1 billion years, providing a uniquely preserved record of the Precambrian evolution of the continental U.S. lithosphere. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Precambrian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.023","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Holm, D., Anderson, R., Boerboom, T., Cannon, W., Chandler, V., Jirsa, M., Miller, J., Schneider, D., Schulz, K.J., and Van Schmus, W.R., 2007, Reinterpretation of Paleoproterozoic accretionary boundaries of the north-central United States based on a new aeromagnetic-geologic compilation: Precambrian Research, v. 157, no. 1-4, p. 71-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.023.","startPage":"71","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.02.023"},{"id":238658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a608e4b0e8fec6cdc07a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm, D.K.","contributorId":68955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R.","contributorId":104191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boerboom, Terrence","contributorId":11785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boerboom","given":"Terrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chandler, V.","contributorId":69776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jirsa, M.","contributorId":82125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jirsa","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, J.","contributorId":16939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schneider, D.A.","contributorId":58457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schulz, K. J.","contributorId":79131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Van Schmus, W. R.","contributorId":83114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Schmus","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70031158,"text":"70031158 - 2007 - A critical review of three methods used for the measurement of mercury (Hg2+)-dissolved organic matter stability constants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:22:57","indexId":"70031158","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A critical review of three methods used for the measurement of mercury (Hg2+)-dissolved organic matter stability constants","docAbstract":"Three experimental techniques - ion exchange, liquid-liquid extraction with competitive ligand exchange, and solid-phase extraction with competitive ligand exchange (CLE-SPE) - were evaluated as methods for determining conditional stability constants (K) for the binding of mercury (Hg2+) to dissolved organic matter (DOM). To determine the utility of a given method to measure stability constants at environmentally relevant experimental conditions, experimental results should meet three criteria: (1) the data must be experimentally valid, in that they were acquired under conditions that meet all the requirements of the experimental method, (2) the Hg:DOM ratio should be determined and it should fall within levels that are consistent with environmental conditions, and (3) the stability constants must fall within the detection window of the method. The ion exchange method was found to be limited by its detection window, which constrains the method to stability constants with log K values less than about 14. The liquid-liquid extraction method was found to be complicated by the ability of Hg-DOM complexes to partition into the organic phase. The CLE-SPE method was found to be the most suitable of these methods for the measurement of Hg-DOM stability constants. Stability constants for DOM isolates measured using the CLE-SPE method at environmentally relevant Hg:DOM ratios were log K = 25-30 (M-1). These values are consistent with the strong Hg2+ binding expected for reduced S-containing binding sites.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.018","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Gasper, J.D., Aiken, G.R., and Ryan, J.N., 2007, A critical review of three methods used for the measurement of mercury (Hg2+)-dissolved organic matter stability constants: Applied Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 8 SPEC. ISS., p. 1583-1597, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.018.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1583","endPage":"1597","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.018"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3a0e4b0c8380cd4613c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gasper, J. D.","contributorId":58837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gasper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031153,"text":"70031153 - 2007 - Has climatic warming altered spring flowering date of Sonoran Desert shrubs?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031153","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Has climatic warming altered spring flowering date of Sonoran Desert shrubs?","docAbstract":"With global warming, flowering at many locations has shifted toward earlier dates of bloom. A steady increase in average annual temperature since the late 1890s makes it likely that flowering also has advanced in the northern Sonoran Desert of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. In this study, phenological models were used to predict annual date of spring bloom in the northern Sonoran Desert from 1894 to 2004; then, herbarium specimens were assessed for objective evidence of the predicted shift in flowering time. The phenological models were derived from known flowering requirements (triggers and heat sums) of Sonoran Desert shrubs. According to the models, flowering might have advanced by 20-41 d from 1894 to 2004. Analysis of herbarium specimens collected during the 20th century supported the model predictions. Over time, there was a significant increase in the proportion of shrub specimens collected in flower in March and a significant decrease in the proportion collected in May. Thus, the flowering curve - the proportion of individuals in flower in each spring month - shifted toward the start of the calendar year between 1900 and 1999. This shift could not be explained by collection activity: collectors showed no tendency to be active earlier in the year as time went on, nor did activity toward the end of spring decline in recent decades. Earlier bloom eventually could have substantial impacts on plant and animal communities in the Sonoran Desert, especially on migratory hummingbirds and population dynamics of shrubs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[347:HCWASF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.E., 2007, Has climatic warming altered spring flowering date of Sonoran Desert shrubs?: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 52, no. 3, p. 347-355, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[347:HCWASF]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"347","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211676,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[347:HCWASF]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f80e4b0c8380cd5ce3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Janice E.","contributorId":18119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031201,"text":"70031201 - 2007 - Three-dimensional P wave velocity model for the San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-01T11:41:35.989038","indexId":"70031201","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional P wave velocity model for the San Francisco Bay region, California","docAbstract":"[1] A new three-dimensional P wave velocity model for the greater San Francisco Bay region has been derived using the double-difference seismic tomography method, using data from about 5,500 chemical explosions or air gun blasts and approximately 6,000 earthquakes. The model region covers 140 km NE-SW by 240 km NW-SE, extending from 20 km south of Monterey to Santa Rosa and reaching from the Pacific coast to the edge of the Great Valley. Our model provides the first regional view of a number of basement highs that are imaged in the uppermost few kilometers of the model, and images a number of velocity anomaly lows associated with known Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in the study area. High velocity (Vp > 6.5 km/s) features at ∼15-km depth beneath part of the edge of the Great Valley and along the San Francisco peninsula are interpreted as ophiolite bodies. The relocated earthquakes provide a clear picture of the geometry of the major faults in the region, illuminating fault dips that are generally consistent with previous studies. Ninety-five percent of the earthquakes have depths between 2.3 and 15.2 km, and the corresponding seismic velocities at the hypocenters range from 4.8 km/s (presumably corresponding to Franciscan basement or Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Great Valley Sequence) to 6.8 km/s. The top of the seismogenic zone is thus largely controlled by basement depth, but the base of the seismogenic zone is not restricted to seismic velocities of ≤6.3 km/s in this region, as had been previously proposed.
Subsidized predators may affect prey abundance, distribution, and demography. Common Ravens (Corvus corax) are anthropogenically subsidized throughout their range and, in the Mojave Desert, have increased in number dramatically over the last 3-4 decades. Human-provided food resources are thought to be important drivers of raven population growth, but human developments add other features as well, such as nesting platforms. From 1996 to 2000, we examined the nesting ecology of ravens in the Mojave Desert, relative to anthropogenic development. Ravens nested disproportionately near point sources of food and water subsidies (such as towns, landfills, and ponds) but not near roads (sources of road-killed carrion), even though both sources of subsidy enhanced fledging success. Initiation of breeding activity was more likely when a nest from the previous year was present at the start of a breeding season but was not affected by access to food. The relative effect of environmental modifications on fledging success varied from year to year, but the effect of access to humanprovided resources was comparatively consistent, suggesting that humans provide consistently high-quality breeding habitat for ravens. Anthropogenic land cover types in the desert are expected to promote raven population growth and to allow ravens to occupy parts of the desert that otherwise would not support them. Predatory impacts of ravens in the Mojave Desert can therefore be considered indirect effects of anthropogenic development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/06-1114.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Kristan, W., and Boarman, W., 2007, Effects of anthropogenic developments on common Raven nesting biology in the west Mojave Desert: Ecological Applications, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1703-1713, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1114.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1703","endPage":"1713","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.71818395045116,\n 36.09370934263055\n ],\n [\n -116.71818395045116,\n 33.8807150099009\n ],\n [\n -114.17044893828503,\n 33.8807150099009\n ],\n [\n -114.17044893828503,\n 36.09370934263055\n ],\n [\n -116.71818395045116,\n 36.09370934263055\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a068de4b0c8380cd512da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kristan, W. B. III","contributorId":106444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristan","given":"W. B.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boarman, W.I.","contributorId":73523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}