As part of a larger investigation, northern pike (n = 158; Esox lucius) were collected from ten sites in the Yukon River Basin (YRB), Alaska, to document biomarkers and their correlations with organochlorine pesticide (total p,p'-DDT, total chlordane, dieldrin, and toxaphene), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and elemental contaminant (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, total mercury, selenium, and zinc) concentrations. A suite of biomarkers including somatic indices, hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, vitellogenin concentrations, steroid hormone (17B- ustradiol and 16-kebtestosteront) concentrations, splenic macrophage aggregates (MAs), oocyte atresia, and other microscopic anomalies in various tissues were documented in YRB pike. Mean condition factor (0.50 to 0.68), hepatosomatic index (1.00% to 3.56%), and splenosomatic index (0.09% to 0.18%) were not anomalous at any site nor correlated with any contaminant concentration. Mean EROD activity (0.71 to 17.51 pmol/min/mg protein) was similar to basal activity levels previously measured in pike and was positively correlated with selenium concentrations (r = 0.88, P < 0.01). Vitellogenin concentrations in female (0.09 to 5.32 mg/mL) and male (0.01 mg/mL in male pike from multiple sites indicated exposure to estrogenic compounds. Mean steroid hormone concentrations and percent oocyte atresia were not anomalous in pike from any YRB site. Few site differences were significant for mean MA density (1.86 to 6.42 MA/mm2), size (812 to 1481 ??m2), and tissue occupied (MA-%; 0.24% to 0.75%). A linear regression between MA-% and total PCBs was significant, although PCB concentrations were generally low in YRB pike (???63 ng/g), and MA-% values in female pike (0.24% to 0.54%) were lower than in male pike (0.32% to 0.75%) at similar PCB concentrations. Greater numbers of MAs were found as zinc concentrations increased in YRB female pike, but it is unlikely that this is a causative relationship. Histological abnormalities observed in gill, liver, spleen, and kidney tissues were not likely a result of contaminant exposure but provide information on the general health of YRB pike. The most common histologic anomalies were parasitic infestations in various organs and developing nephrons and nephrocalcinosis in posterior kidney tissues. Overall, few biomarker responses in YRB pike were correlated with chemical contaminant concentrations, and YRB pike generally appeared to be healthy with no site having multiple anomalous biomarker responses. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00244-006-0134-z","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J., Blazer, V., Denslow, N., Myers, M., Gross, T., and Tillitt, D.E., 2007, Biomarkers of contaminant exposure in northern pike (Esox lucius) from the Yukon River Basin, Alaska: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 52, no. 4, p. 549-562, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0134-z.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"562","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213065,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0134-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.4873046875,\n 62.825055614564306\n ],\n [\n -163.80615234375,\n 62.72453320538486\n ],\n [\n -163.2568359375,\n 62.21675570485806\n ],\n [\n -160.99365234375,\n 62.84511898552855\n ],\n [\n -159.03808593749997,\n 64.8115572502203\n ],\n [\n -152.90771484375,\n 65.9554260417959\n ],\n [\n -145.9423828125,\n 66.93006025862448\n ],\n [\n -143.76708984375,\n 66.67038675925365\n ],\n [\n -141.48193359375,\n 65.5766364488888\n ],\n [\n -146.44775390625,\n 63.68524808030715\n ],\n [\n -153.0615234375,\n 64.50118574349311\n ],\n [\n -157.1484375,\n 63.6560114418332\n ],\n [\n -160.3564453125,\n 61.40723633876356\n ],\n [\n -165.30029296875,\n 61.96994329935751\n ],\n [\n -165.47607421874997,\n 62.27814559876582\n ],\n [\n -164.94873046875,\n 62.895217544882044\n ],\n [\n -164.4873046875,\n 62.825055614564306\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f189e4b0c8380cd4aca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, J.E.","contributorId":47560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, M.S.","contributorId":65672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029856,"text":"70029856 - 2007 - The impact of agricultural soil erosion on the global carbon cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-21T11:14:00.331537","indexId":"70029856","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of agricultural soil erosion on the global carbon cycle","docAbstract":"We examined the relationship between attributes of nest sites used by Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, and patterns in nest and female survival. We aimed to determine whether nest site attributes related to nest and female survival differed and whether nest site attributes related to nest survival changed within and among years. Nest site attributes that we examined included vegetation at and surrounding the nest, as well as associations with other nesting birds. Optimal nest site characteristics were different depending on whether nest survival or female survival was examined. Prior to 25 May, the odds of daily survival for nests in tall shrubs and on islands were 2.92 and 2.26 times greater, respectively, than for nests in short shrub sites. Bald Eagles (Halieaeetus leucocephalus) are the major predator during the early breeding season and their behavior was likely important in determining this pattern. After 25 May, when eagle predation is limited due to the availability of alternative prey, no differences in nest survival among the nest site types were found. In addition, nest survival was positively related to the density of other Canada Goose nests near the nest site. Although the number of detected mortalities for females was relatively low, a clear pattern was found, with mortality three times more likely at nest sites dominated by high shrub density within 50 m than at open sites dominated by low shrub density. The negative relationship of nest concealment and adult survival is consistent with that found in other studies of ground-nesting birds. Physical barriers that limited access to nest sites by predators and sites that allowed for early detection of predators were important characteristics of nest site quality for Canada Geese and nest site quality shifted within seasons, likely as a result of shifting predator-prey interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[769:ONSAFS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.A., Grand, J., Fondell, T., and Anthony, R.M., 2007, Optimizing nest survival and female survival: Consequences of nest site selection for Canada Geese: Condor, v. 109, no. 4, p. 769-780, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[769:ONSAFS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"769","endPage":"780","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476988,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[769:onsafs]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213003,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[769:ONSAFS]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"109","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f07e4b0c8380cd758fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David A.","contributorId":29193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":424591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":54535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029853,"text":"70029853 - 2007 - Effects of prolonged exposure to perchlorate on thyroid and reproductive function in zebrafish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029853","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3608,"text":"Toxicological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of prolonged exposure to perchlorate on thyroid and reproductive function in zebrafish","docAbstract":"The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to perchlorate on (1) thyroid status and reproductive performance of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and (2) F1 embryo survival and early larval development. Using a static-renewal procedure, mixed sex populations of adult zebrafish were exposed to 0, 10, and 100 mg/l nominal concentrations of waterborne perchlorate for 10 weeks. Thyroid histology was qualitatively assessed, and females and males were separated and further exposed to their respective treatments for six additional weeks. Eight females in each tank replicate (n = 3) were paired weekly with four males from the same respective treatment, and packed-egg (spawn) volume (PEV) was measured each of the last five weeks. At least once during weeks 14-16 of exposure, other end points measured included fertilization rate, fertilized egg diameter, hatching rate, standard length, and craniofacial development of 4-day-postfertilization larvae and thyroid hormone content of 3.5-h embryos and of exposed mothers. At 10 weeks of exposure, perchlorate at both concentrations caused thyroidal hypertrophy and colloid depletion. A marked reduction in PEV was observed toward the end of the 6-week spawning period, but fertilization and embryo hatching rates were unaffected. Fertilized egg diameter and larval length were increased by parental exposure to perchlorate. Larval head depth was unaffected but the forward protrusion of the lower jaw-associated cartilage complexes, Meckel's and ceratohyal, was decreased. Exposure to both concentrations of perchlorate inhibited whole-body thyroxine content in mothers and embryos, but triiodothyronine content was unchanged. In conclusion, prolonged exposure of adult zebrafish to perchlorate not only disrupts their thyroid endocrine system but also impairs reproduction and influences early F1 development. ?? 2007 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicological Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/toxsci/kfm001","issn":"10966080","usgsCitation":"Mukhi, S., and Patino, R., 2007, Effects of prolonged exposure to perchlorate on thyroid and reproductive function in zebrafish: Toxicological Sciences, v. 96, no. 2, p. 246-254, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm001.","startPage":"246","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477218,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm001"},{"id":240553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a078fe4b0c8380cd5175f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mukhi, S.","contributorId":83721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukhi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029851,"text":"70029851 - 2007 - Structure-specific scalar intensity measures for near-source and ordinary earthquake ground motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029851","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure-specific scalar intensity measures for near-source and ordinary earthquake ground motions","docAbstract":"Introduced in this paper are several alternative ground-motion intensity measures (IMs) that are intended for use in assessing the seismic performance of a structure at a site susceptible to near-source and/or ordinary ground motions. A comparison of such IMs is facilitated by defining the \"efficiency\" and \"sufficiency\" of an IM, both of which are criteria necessary for ensuring the accuracy of the structural performance assessment. The efficiency and sufficiency of each alternative IM, which are quantified via (i) nonlinear dynamic analyses of the structure under a suite of earthquake records and (ii) linear regression analysis, are demonstrated for the drift response of three different moderate- to long-period buildings subjected to suites of ordinary and of near-source earthquake records. One of the alternative IMs in particular is found to be relatively efficient and sufficient for the range of buildings considered and for both the near-source and ordinary ground motions. ?? 2007, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.2723158","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Luco, N., and Cornell, C., 2007, Structure-specific scalar intensity measures for near-source and ordinary earthquake ground motions: Earthquake Spectra, v. 23, no. 2, p. 357-392, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2723158.","startPage":"357","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212951,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2723158"},{"id":240521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c79e4b08c986b31d405","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luco, N.","contributorId":34240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornell, C.A.","contributorId":36238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornell","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029850,"text":"70029850 - 2007 - The rate and pattern of bed incision and bank adjustment on the Colorado River in Glen Canyon downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, 1956-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029850","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rate and pattern of bed incision and bank adjustment on the Colorado River in Glen Canyon downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, 1956-2000","docAbstract":"Closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963 transformed the Colorado River by reducing the magnitude and duration of spring floods, increasing the magnitude of base flows, and trapping fine sediment delivered from the upper watershed. These changes caused the channel downstream in Glen Canyon to incise, armor, and narrow. This study synthesizes over 45 yr of channel-change measurements and demonstrates that the rate and style of channel adjustment are directly related to both natural processes associated with sediment deficit and human decisions about dam operations. Although bed lowering in lower Glen Canyon began when the first cofferdam was installed in 1959, most incision occurred in 1965 in conjunction with 14 pulsed high flows that scoured an average of 2.6 m of sediment from the center of the channel. The average grain size of bed material has increased from 0.25 mm in 1956 to over 20 mm in 1999. The magnitude of incision at riffles decreases with distance downstream from the dam, while the magnitude of sediment evacuation from pools is spatially variable and extends farther downstream. Analysis of bed-material mobility indicates that the increase in bed-material grain size and reduction in reach-average gradient are consistent with the transformation of an adjustable-bed alluvial river to a channel with a stable bed that is rarely mobilized. Decreased magnitude of peak discharges in the post-dam regime coupled with channel incision and the associated downward shifts of stage-discharge relations have caused sandbar and terrace erosion and the transformation of previously active sandbars and gravel bars to abandoned deposits that are no longer inundated. Erosion has been concentrated in a few pre-dam terraces that eroded rapidly for brief periods and have since stabilized. The abundance of abandoned deposits decreases downstream in conjunction with decreasing magnitude of shift in the stage-discharge relations. In the downstream part of the study area where riffles controlling channel elevation have not incised, channel narrowing has resulted from decreased magnitude of peak discharges and minor post-dam deposition. These physical changes to the aquatic and riparian systems have supported the establishment and success of an artifact ecosystem dominated by non-native species. Models for the channel response downstream from large dams typically consider factors such as the degree of sediment deficit, the pre-dam surface and subsurface grain size, and the magnitude of post-dam average flows. These results suggest that it is also necessary to consider (1) the possibility of variable responses among different channel elements and (2) the potential importance of exceptional flows resulting from management decisions. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25969.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Grams, P., Schmidt, J.C., and Topping, D., 2007, The rate and pattern of bed incision and bank adjustment on the Colorado River in Glen Canyon downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, 1956-2000: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 119, no. 5-6, p. 556-575, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25969.1.","startPage":"556","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212950,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25969.1"},{"id":240520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baef2e4b08c986b32443f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grams, P.E.","contributorId":64032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, J. C.","contributorId":60245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Topping, D.J. 0000-0002-2104-4577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":53927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029849,"text":"70029849 - 2007 - Identification of functional corridors with movement characteristics of brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029849","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of functional corridors with movement characteristics of brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"We identified primary habitat and functional corridors across a landscape using Global Positioning System (GPS) collar locations of brown bears (Ursus arctos). After deriving density, speed, and angular deviation of movement, we classified landscape function for a group of animals with a cluster analysis. We described areas with high amounts of sinuous movement as primary habitat patches and areas with high amounts of very directional, fast movement as highly functional bear corridors. The time between bear locations and scale of analysis influenced the number and size of corridors identified. Bear locations should be collected at intervals ???6 h to correctly identify travel corridors. Our corridor identification technique will help managers move beyond the theoretical discussion of corridors and linkage zones to active management of landscape features that will preserve connectivity. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-007-9082-x","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Graves, T., Farley, S., Goldstein, M., and Servheen, C., 2007, Identification of functional corridors with movement characteristics of brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Landscape Ecology, v. 22, no. 5, p. 765-772, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9082-x.","startPage":"765","endPage":"772","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9082-x"},{"id":240489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3828e4b0c8380cd61479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graves, T.A.","contributorId":93286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farley, S.","contributorId":73321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, M.I.","contributorId":21386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Servheen, C.","contributorId":68680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Servheen","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029848,"text":"70029848 - 2007 - Characterizing dissolved Cu and Cd uptake in terms of the biotic ligand and biodynamics using enriched stable isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T11:24:28.963119","indexId":"70029848","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing dissolved Cu and Cd uptake in terms of the biotic ligand and biodynamics using enriched stable isotopes","docAbstract":"The biotic ligand model considers the biological and geochemical complexities that affect metal exposure. It relates toxicity to the fraction of physiological active sites impacted by reactive metal species. The biodynamic model is a complementary construct that predicts bioaccumulation and assumes that toxicity occurs when influx rates exceed rates of loss and detoxification. In this paper we presume that metal influx rates are mechanistically the resulting processes that characterize transmembrane transport. We use enriched stable isotopes to characterize, both in terms of the biotic ligand and biodynamics, dissolved metal uptake by a freshwater snail at water hardness varying up to 180-fold. Upon 24 h exposure, metal uptake was linear over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations; although saturation kinetics were observed at higher concentrations. Cadmium influx rates correlate with changes in the affinity of the biotic ligand, whereas those of Cu correlate with changes in both site affinity and capacity. A relationship between metal influx rate and ligand character asks whether toxicity is the result of accumulation at the biotic ligand or the rate at which metal is transported by that ligand.
We quantified deformities in the marginal papillae, tooth rows, and jaw sheaths of tadpoles from 13 population samples representing three families and 11 sites in the southeastern United States. Oral deformities were observed in all samples and in 13.5-98% of the specimens per sample. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid) infections were detected in three samples. There was high variability among samples in the pattern and number of discovered deformities. Pairwise associations between oral structures containing deformities were nonrandom for several populations, especially those with B. dendrobatidis infections or high total numbers of deformities. Comparisons of deformities among samples using multivariate analyses revealed that tadpole samples grouped together by family. Analyses of ordination indicated that three variables, the number of deformities, the number of significant associations among deformity types within populations, and whether populations were infected with B. dendrobatidis, were significantly correlated with the pattern of deformities. Our data indicate that the incidence of oral deformities can be high in natural populations and that phylogeny and B. dendrobatidis infection exert a strong influence on the occurrence and type of oral deformities in tadpoles. ?? by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herperologists.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[449:OOODIL]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., Altig, R., Grace, J., and Walls, S., 2007, Occurrence of oral deformities in larval anurans: Copeia, no. 2, p. 449-458, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[449:OOODIL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"458","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bfce4b0c8380cd749da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.L.","contributorId":82133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Altig, R.","contributorId":44259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altig","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walls, S.C. 0000-0001-7391-9155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":98273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029845,"text":"70029845 - 2007 - Abundance and impacts of fallow deer leks at Point Reyes National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-04T11:21:18.23622","indexId":"70029845","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and impacts of fallow deer leks at Point Reyes National Seashore","docAbstract":"Fallow deer, Dama dama, were released at Point Reyes National Seashore in the 1940s. A population of about 860 of these non-native deer are now well-established within the park. Fallow deer have an unusual mating system. During the fall, males establish areas known as leks where they display to potential mates. A fallow deerlek is typically an area of 100-150 m2 and usually includes 2-5 males. Using their hooves and antlers, each male clears away most or all of the vegetation and digs a rutting pit that he defends throughout the breeding season. A total of 159 fallow deer leks was located within the 298.8 ha of our study areas. In the Olema Valley, where fallow deer densities are high, there were 116 leks, compared with 43 in the similar sized Estero trailhead study area, where deer density was moderate. A total of 705 rutting pits was found in the two study areas, with a mean of 5.1 pits per lek in the Olema Valley and 2.5 for Estero trailhead. The leks and associated pits have resulted in damage to both the ground and the associated vegetation, especially in riparian areas.","language":"English","issn":"00081078","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., and Osbourn, M., 2007, Abundance and impacts of fallow deer leks at Point Reyes National Seashore: California Fish and Game, v. 93, no. 3, p. 149-160.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e65be4b0c8380cd4736f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, G. M.","contributorId":82653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osbourn, M.S.","contributorId":55644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osbourn","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029844,"text":"70029844 - 2007 - Liquefaction, ground oscillation, and soil deformation at the Wildlife Array, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-07T11:14:55.890719","indexId":"70029844","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquefaction, ground oscillation, and soil deformation at the Wildlife Array, California","docAbstract":"Excess pore-water pressure and liquefaction at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array in 1987 were caused by deformation associated with both high-frequency strong ground motion and 5.5-second-period Love waves. The Love waves produced large (∼1.5%) cyclic shear strains well after the stronger high-frequency ground motion abated. These cyclic strains generated approximately from 13 to 35% of the excess pore-water pressure in the liquefied layer and caused excess pore-water pressures ultimately to reach effective overburden stress. The deformation associated with the Love waves explains the “postearthquake” increase of pore-water pressure that was recorded at the array. This explanation suggests that conventional methods for predicting liquefaction based on peak ground acceleration are incomplete and may need to consider cyclic strains associated with long-period surface waves. A postearthquake survey of an inclinometer casing indicated permanent shear strain associated with lateral spreading primarily occurred in the upper part of the liquefied layer. Comparison of cone penetration test soundings conducted after the earthquake with pre-earthquake soundings suggests sleeve friction increased. Natural lateral variability of the liquefied layer obscured changes in tip resistance despite a ∼1% reduction in volume. The large oscillatory motion associated with surface waves explains ground oscillation that has been reported at some liquefaction sites during earthquakes.
The recent (late 2001) federally mandated phaseout of diazinon and chlorpyrifos insecticide use in outdoor urban settings has resulted in a rapid decline in concentrations of these insecticides in urban streams and rivers in the northeastern and midwestern United States. Assessment of temporal insecticide trends at 20 sites showed that significant step decreases in diazinon concentrations occurred at 90% of the sites after the phaseout, with concentrations generally decreasing by over 50% in summer samples. Chlorpyrifos concentrations showed significant step decreases in at least 1 season at 3 of the 4 sites with sufficient data for analysis. The decrease in diazinon concentrations in response to the phaseout resulted in a decline in the frequency of concentrations exceeding the acute invertebrate water-quality benchmark of 0.1 μg/L from 10% of pre-phaseout summer samples to fewer than 1% of post-phaseout summer samples. Although some studies have indicated an increase in concentrations of carbaryl in response to the organophosphorous phaseout, carbaryl concentrations only increased at 1 site after the phaseout. A full assessment of the effect of the phaseout of diazinon and chlorpyrifos on surface water will require data on other insecticides used to replace these compounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es070301","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P.J., Ator, S., and Nystrom, E., 2007, Temporal changes in surface-water insecticide concentrations after the phaseout of diazinon and chlorpyrifos: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 12, p. 4246-4251, https://doi.org/10.1021/es070301.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4246","endPage":"4251","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba503e4b08c986b320742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ator, S.W. 0000-0002-9186-4837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":104100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nystrom, E.A.","contributorId":85749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029838,"text":"70029838 - 2007 - Determining metal assimilation efficiency in aquatic invertebrates using enriched stable metal isotope tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T11:54:24.514896","indexId":"70029838","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining metal assimilation efficiency in aquatic invertebrates using enriched stable metal isotope tracers","docAbstract":"We employ a novel approach that combines pulse-chase feeding and multi-labelled stable isotopes to determine gut passage time (GPT), gut retention time (GRT), food ingestion rate (IR) and assimilation efficiency (AE) of three trace elements for a freshwater gastropod. Lettuce isotopically enriched in 53Cr, 65Cu and 106Cd was fed for 2 h to Lymnaea stagnalis. The release of tracers in feces and water was monitored for 48 h, during which unlabelled lettuce was provided ad libidum. The first defecation of 53Cr occurred after 5 h of depuration (GPT), whereas 90% of the ingested 53Cr was recovered in the feces after 22.5 h of depuration (GRT). 53Chromium was not significantly accumulated in the soft tissues upon exposure. In contrast, 65Cu and 106Cd assimilation was detectable for most experimental snails, i.e., 65/63Cu and 106/114Cd ratios in exposed snails were higher than those for controls. Food IR during the labelled feeding phase was 0.16 ± 0.07 g g−1 d−1. IR was inferred from the amount of 53Cr egested in the feces during depuration and the concentration of 53Cr in the labelled lettuce. Assimilation efficiencies (±95% CI) determined using mass balance calculations were 84 ± 4% for Cu and 85 ± 3% for Cd. The ratio method yields similar AE estimates. Expanding the application of this novel stable isotope tracer technique to other metals in a wide variety of species will provide unique opportunities to evaluate the interplay between digestive processes and dietary influx of metals. Understanding the biological processes that modulate dietborne metal uptake is crucial to assess the toxicity of dietborne metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.03.016","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Croteau, M.N., Luoma, S.N., and Pellet, B., 2007, Determining metal assimilation efficiency in aquatic invertebrates using enriched stable metal isotope tracers: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 83, no. 2, p. 116-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.03.016.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fff0e4b0c8380cd4f4b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pellet, B.","contributorId":99377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellet","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029837,"text":"70029837 - 2007 - Geoelectrical evidence of bicontinuum transport in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-18T06:43:32","indexId":"70029837","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoelectrical evidence of bicontinuum transport in groundwater","docAbstract":"Bicontinuum models and rate-limited mass transfer (RLMT) explain complex transport behavior (e.g., long tailing and rebound) in heterogeneous geologic media, but experimental verification is problematic because geochemical samples represent the mobile component of the pore space. Here, we present geophysical evidence of RLMT at the field scale during an aquifer-storage and recovery experiment in a fractured limestone aquifer in Charleston, South Carolina. We observe a hysteretic relation between measurements of porefluid conductivity and bulk electrical conductivity; this hysteresis contradicts advective-dispersive transport and the standard petrophysical model relating pore-fluid and bulk conductivity, but can be explained by considering bicontinuum transport models that include first-order RLMT. Using a simple numerical model, we demonstrate that geoelectrical measurements are sensitive to bicontinuum transport and RLMT parameters, which are otherwise difficult to infer from direct, hydrologic measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2007GL030019","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Singha, K., Day-Lewis, F.D., and Lane, J.W., 2007, Geoelectrical evidence of bicontinuum transport in groundwater: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 12, L12401, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030019.","productDescription":"L12401, 5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.29632568359375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -79.5794677734375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -79.5794677734375,\n 33.13065128220441\n ],\n [\n -80.29632568359375,\n 33.13065128220441\n ],\n [\n -80.29632568359375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1744e4b0c8380cd5545f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singha, K.","contributorId":51431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1017122,"text":"1017122 - 2007 - [Book review] Lichens of the north woods: a field guide to 111 northern species, by Joe Walewski","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-20T17:16:39","indexId":"1017122","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1597,"text":"Evansia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Lichens of the north woods: a field guide to 111 northern species, by Joe Walewski","docAbstract":"Review of: LICHENS OF THE NORTH WOODS, A FIELD GUIDE TO 111 NORTHERN SPECIES. Joe Walewski. 2007. North Woods Naturalist Series, Kollath & Stensaas Publishing, Duluth, Minnesota. 152 pp, softcover. ISBN: 0-9673793-50. $18.95.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evansia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.","publisherLocation":"http://www.abls.org/","doi":"10.1639/0747-9859-24.3.91","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J., 2007, [Book review] Lichens of the north woods: a field guide to 111 northern species, by Joe Walewski: Evansia, v. 24, no. 3, p. 91-92, https://doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-24.3.91.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-24.3.91","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J.","contributorId":99942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031295,"text":"70031295 - 2007 - Nesting habitat relationships of sympatric Crested Caracaras, Red-tailed Hawks, and White-tailed Hawks in South Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70031295","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting habitat relationships of sympatric Crested Caracaras, Red-tailed Hawks, and White-tailed Hawks in South Texas","docAbstract":"We quantified nesting-site habitats for sympatric White-tailed Hawks (Buteo albicaudatus) (n = 40), Red-tailed Hawks (B. jamaicensis) (n = 39), and Crested Caracaras (Caracara cheriway) (n = 24) in the Coastal Sand Plain of south Texas. White-tailed Hawks and Crested Caracara nest sites occurred in savannas, whereas Red-tailed Hawk nest sites occurred in woodlands on the edge of savannas. White-tailed Hawk nest sites were in shrubs and trees that were shorter (3.5 ?? 1.0 m) and had smaller canopy diameters (5.5 ?? 2.1 m) than those of Red-tailed Hawks (10.1 ?? 2.0 m, 13.7 ?? 5.8 m) and Crested Caracaras (5.6 ?? 1.7 m, 8.5 ?? 3.5 m). Red-tailed Hawk nest sites had higher woody densities (15.7 ?? 9.6 plants) and more woody cover (84 ?? 19%) than those of White-tailed Hawks (5.6 ?? 5.8 plants, 20 ?? 21%) and Crested Caracaras (9.9 ?? 6.7 plants, 55 ?? 34%). Crested Caracara nest sites were in dense, multi-branched shrubs composed of more living material (97 ?? 3%) than those of White-tailed (88 ?? 18%) and Red-tailed hawks (88 ?? 18%). Nest sites of White-tailed Hawks, Red-tailed Hawks, and Crested Caracaras were similar to random samples from the surrounding habitat indicating that preferred nesting habitat was available for each of these species at least within 60 m of active nest sites. Nest tree height, along with woody plant and native grass cover best discriminated nest sites among the three raptor species. There was no overlap at Red-tailed and White-tailed hawk nest sites in vegetation structure, while Crested Caracara nests were in habitat intermediate between the two other species. Partitioning of nesting habitat may be how these raptor species co-exist at the broader landscape scale of our study area in the Coastal Sand Plain of Texas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/06-083.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"Actkinson, M., Kuvlesky, W., Boal, C.W., Brennan, L., and Hernandez, F., 2007, Nesting habitat relationships of sympatric Crested Caracaras, Red-tailed Hawks, and White-tailed Hawks in South Texas: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 119, no. 4, p. 570-578, https://doi.org/10.1676/06-083.1.","startPage":"570","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212256,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/06-083.1"},{"id":239716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64c9e4b0c8380cd72a6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Actkinson, M.A.","contributorId":44352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Actkinson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuvlesky, W.P. Jr.","contributorId":71674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuvlesky","given":"W.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boal, C. W.","contributorId":102614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boal","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brennan, L.A.","contributorId":78490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hernandez, F.","contributorId":101082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035635,"text":"70035635 - 2007 - Geology of the Yucca Mountain site area, southwestern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T15:10:58","indexId":"70035635","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Yucca Mountain site area, southwestern Nevada","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain in southwestern Nevada is a prominent, irregularly shaped upland formed by a thick apron of Miocene pyroclastic-flow and fallout tephra deposits, with minor lava flows, that was segmented by through-going, large-displacement normal faults into a series of north-trending, eastwardly tilted structural blocks. The principal volcanic-rock units are the Tiva Canyon and Topopah Spring Tuffs of the Paintbrush Group, which consist of volumetrically large eruptive sequences derived from compositionally distinct magma bodies in the nearby southwestern Nevada volcanic field, and are classic examples of a magmatic zonation characterized by an upper crystal-rich (>10% crystal fragments) member, a more voluminous lower crystal-poor (<5% crystal fragments) member, and an intervening thin transition zone. Rocks within the crystal-poor member of the Topopah Spring Tuff, lying some 280 m below the crest of Yucca Mountain, constitute the proposed host rock to be excavated for the storage of high-level radioactive wastes. Separation of the tuffaceous rock formations into subunits that allow for detailed mapping and structural interpretations is based on macroscopic features, most importantly the relative abundance of lithophysae and the degree of welding. The latter feature, varying from nonwelded through partly and moderately welded to densely welded, exerts a strong control on matrix porosities and other rock properties that provide essential criteria for distinguishing hydrogeologic and thermal mechanical units, which are of major interest in evaluating the suitability of Yucca Mountain to host a safe and permanent geologic repository for waste storage. A thick and varied sequence of surficial deposits mantle large parts of the Yucca Mountain site area. Mapping of these deposits and associated soils in exposures and in the walls of trenches excavated across buried faults provides evidence for multiple surface-rupturing events along all of the major faults during Pleistocene and Holocene times; these paleoseismic studies form the basis for evaluating the potential for future earthquakes and fault displacements. Thermoluminescence and U-series analyses were used to date the surficial materials involved in the Quaternary faulting events. The rate of erosional downcutting of bedrock on the ridge crests and hillslopes of Yucca Mountain, being of particular concern with respect to the potential for breaching of the proposed underground storage facility, was studied by using rock varnish cation-ratio and 10Be and 36Cl cosmogenic dating methods to determine the length of time bedrock outcrops and hillslope boulder deposits were exposed to cosmic rays, which then served as a basis for calculating long-term erosion rates. The results indicate rates ranging from 0.04 to 0.27 cm/k.y., which represent the maximum downcutting along the summit of Yucca Mountain under all climatic conditions that existed there during most of Quaternary time. Associated studies include the stratigraphy of surficial deposits in Fortymile Wash, the major drainage course in the area, which record a complex history of four to five cut-and-fill cycles within the channel during middle to late Quaternary time. The last 2-4 m of incision probably occurred during the last pluvial climatic period, 22-18 ka, followed by aggradation to the present time. Major faults at Yucca Mountain-from east to west, the Paintbrush Canyon, Bow Ridge, Stagecoach Road, Solitario Canyon, Fatigue Wash, Windy Wash, and Northern and Southern Crater Flat Faults-trend predominantly north, are spaced 1-5 km apart, have bedrock displacements ranging from 125 m to as much as 500 m, and exhibit Quaternary movements of several centimeters to a few meters. Displacements are predominantly down to the west, and bedrock/alluvium contacts commonly are marked by fault-line scarps. The predominant northerly fault trend changes to a more northeasterly trend in adjacent areas south ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.1199(03)","issn":"00721069","usgsCitation":"Keefer, W.R., Whitney, J., and Buesch, D., 2007, Geology of the Yucca Mountain site area, southwestern Nevada: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 199, p. 53-103, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(03).","startPage":"53","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(03)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4,\n 36.4\n ],\n [\n -116.2,\n 36.4\n ],\n [\n -116.2,\n 36.8\n ],\n [\n -116.4,\n 36.8\n ],\n [\n -116.4,\n 36.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"199","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a26d4e4b0c8380cd593b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, W. R.","contributorId":21538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, J.W.","contributorId":27437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buesch, D.C. 0000-0002-4978-5027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":73633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030929,"text":"70030929 - 2007 - Larval feeding behavior and ant association in frosted elfin, Callophrys irus (Lycaenidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030929","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2557,"text":"Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Larval feeding behavior and ant association in frosted elfin, Callophrys irus (Lycaenidae)","docAbstract":"Callophrys irus is a rare and declining lycaenid found in the eastern U.S., inhabiting xeric and open habitats maintained by disturbance. Populations are localized and monophagous. We document a previously undescribed larval feeding behavior in both field and lab reared larvae in which late instar larvae girdled the main stem of the host plant. Girdled stems provide a unique feeding sign that was useful in detecting the presence of larvae in the field. We also observed frequent association of field larvae with several species of ants and provide a list of ant species. We suggest two hypotheses on the potential benefits of stem-girdling to C. irus larvae: 1) Stem girdling provides phloem sap as a larval food source and increases the leaf nutrient concentration, increasing larval growth rates and providing high quality honeydew for attending ants; 2) Stem girdling reduces stem toxicity by inhibiting transport of toxins from roots to the stem.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00240966","usgsCitation":"Albanese, G., Nelson, M., Vickery, P., and Sievert, P., 2007, Larval feeding behavior and ant association in frosted elfin, Callophrys irus (Lycaenidae): Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, v. 61, no. 2, p. 61-66.","startPage":"61","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44aee4b0c8380cd66cc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albanese, G.","contributorId":67722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albanese","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, M.W.","contributorId":17720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vickery, P.D.","contributorId":45427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vickery","given":"P.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030928,"text":"70030928 - 2007 - The case for infrasound as the long-range map cue in avian navigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030928","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The case for infrasound as the long-range map cue in avian navigation","docAbstract":"Of the various 'map' and 'compass' components of Kramer's avian navigational model, the long-range map component is the least well understood. In this paper atmospheric infrasounds are proposed as the elusive longrange cues constituting the avian navigational map. Although infrasounds were considered a viable candidate for the avian map in the 1970s, and pigeons in the laboratory were found to detect sounds at surprisingly low frequencies (0.05 Hz), other tests appeared to support either of the currently favored olfactory or magnetic maps. Neither of these hypotheses, however, is able to explain the full set of observations, and the field has been at an impasse for several decades. To begin, brief descriptions of infrasonic waves and their passage through the atmosphere are given, followed by accounts of previously unexplained release results. These examples include 'release-site biases' which are deviations of departing pigeons from the homeward bearing, an annual variation in homing performance observed only in Europe, difficulties orienting over lakes and above temperature inversions, and the mysterious disruption of several pigeon races. All of these irregularities can be consistently explained by the deflection or masking of infrasonic cues by atmospheric conditions or by other infrasonic sources (microbaroms, sonic booms), respectively. A source of continuous geographic infrasound generated by atmosphere-coupled microseisms is also proposed. In conclusion, several suggestions are made toward resolving some of the conflicting experimental data with the pigeons' possible use of infrasonic cues.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - Institute of Navigation","conferenceTitle":"63rd Annual Meeting of the Institute of Navigation 2007","conferenceDate":"23 April 2007 through 25 April 2007","conferenceLocation":"Cambridge, MA","language":"English","isbn":"1604232862; 9781604232868","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J., 2007, The case for infrasound as the long-range map cue in avian navigation, in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - Institute of Navigation, Cambridge, MA, 23 April 2007 through 25 April 2007, p. 280-293.","startPage":"280","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa07e4b08c986b3226a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, J.T.","contributorId":75922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}