This document discusses results of applying the Integrated Ground-Water Monitoring Strategy (the Strategy) to actual waste sites using existing field characterization and monitoring data. The Strategy is a systematic approach to dealing with complex sites. Application of such a systematic approach will reduce uncertainty associated with site analysis, and therefore uncertainty associated with management decisions about a site. The Strategy can be used to guide the development of a ground-water monitoring program or to review an existing one. The sites selected for study fall within a wide range of geologic and climatic settings, waste compositions, and site design characteristics and represent realistic cases that might be encountered by the NRC. No one case study illustrates a comprehensive application of the Strategy using all available site data. Rather, within each case study we focus on certain aspects of the Strategy, to illustrate concepts that can be applied generically to all sites. The test sites selected include:
A Data Analysis section provides examples of detailed data analysis of monitoring data.
A common break was recognized in four Lake Superior strandplain sequences using geomorphic and sedimentologic characteristics. Strandplains were divided into lakeward and landward sets of beach ridges using aerial photographs and topographic surveys to identify similar surficial features and core data to identify similar subsurface features. Cross-strandplain, elevation-trend changes from a lowering towards the lake in the landward set of beach ridges to a rise or reduction of slope towards the lake in the lakeward set of beach ridges indicates that the break is associated with an outlet change for Lake Superior. Correlation of this break between study sites and age model results for the strandplain sequences suggest that the outlet change occurred sometime after about 2,400 calendar years ago (after the Algoma phase). Age model results from one site (Grand Traverse Bay) suggest an alternate age closer to about 1,200 calendar years ago but age models need to be investigated further. The landward part of the strandplain was deposited when water levels were common in all three upper Great Lakes basins (Superior, Huron, and Michigan) and drained through the Port Huron/Sarnia outlet. The lakeward part was deposited after the Sault outlet started to help regulate water levels in the Lake Superior basin. The landward beach ridges are commonly better defined and continuous across the embayments, more numerous, larger in relief, wider, have greater vegetation density, and intervening swales contain more standing water and peat than the lakeward set. Changes in drainage patterns, foreshore sediment thickness and grain size help in identifying the break between sets in the strandplain sequences. Investigation of these breaks may help identify possible gaps in the record or missing ridges in strandplain sequences that may not be apparent when viewing age distributions and may justify the need for multiple age and glacial isostatic adjustment models. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10933-006-9052-3","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Johnston, J., Thompson, T., Wilcox, D., and Baedke, S., 2007, Geomorphic and sedimentologic evidence for the separation of Lake Superior from Lake Michigan and Huron: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 349-364, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9052-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"364","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476986,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2302","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9052-3"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a277fe4b0c8380cd5993d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, J.W.","contributorId":67260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baedke, S.J.","contributorId":14585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedke","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029956,"text":"70029956 - 2007 - Restoring coastal wetlands that were ditched for mosquito control: a preliminary assessment of hydro-leveling as a restoration technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T15:37:40","indexId":"70029956","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2219,"text":"Journal of Coastal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoring coastal wetlands that were ditched for mosquito control: a preliminary assessment of hydro-leveling as a restoration technique","docAbstract":"The wetlands surrounding Tampa Bay, Florida were extensively ditched for mosquito control in the 1950s. Spoil from ditch construction was placed adjacent to the wetlands ditches creating mound-like features (spoil-mounds). These mounds represent a loss of 14% of the wetland area in Tampa Bay. Spoil mounds interfere with tidal flow and are locations for non-native plants to colonize (e.g., Schinus terebinthifolius). Removal of the spoil mounds to eliminate exotic plants, restore native vegetation, and re-establish natural hydrology is a restoration priority for environmental managers. Hydro-leveling, a new technique, was tested in a mangrove forest restoration project in 2004. Hydro-leveling uses a high pressure stream of water to wash sediment from the spoil mound into the adjacent wetland and ditch. To assess the effectiveness of this technique, we conducted vegetation surveys in areas that were hydro-leveled and in non-hydro-leveled areas 3 years post-project. Adult Schinus were reduced but not eliminated from hydro-leveled mounds. Schinus seedlings however were absent from hydro-leveled sites. Colonization by native species was sparse. Mangrove seedlings were essentially absent (≈2 m−2) from the centers of hydro-leveled mounds and were in low density on their edges (17 m−2) in comparison to surrounding mangrove forests (105 m−2). Hydro-leveling resulted in mortality of mangroves adjacent to the mounds being leveled. This was probably caused by burial of pneumatophores during the hydro-leveling process. For hydro-leveling to be a useful and successful restoration technique several requirements must be met. Spoil mounds must be lowered to the level of the surrounding wetlands. Spoil must be distributed further into the adjacent wetland to prevent burial of nearby native vegetation. Finally, native species may need to be planted on hydro-leveled areas to speed up the re-vegetation process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11852-007-0007-2","issn":"14000350","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., Tiling, G., and Leasure, P.S., 2007, Restoring coastal wetlands that were ditched for mosquito control: a preliminary assessment of hydro-leveling as a restoration technique: Journal of Coastal Conservation, v. 11, no. 1, p. 67-74, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-007-0007-2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213044,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-007-0007-2"},{"id":240624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaadce4b0c8380cd86586","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":425059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiling, Ginger","contributorId":82787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiling","given":"Ginger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leasure, Pamela S.","contributorId":50732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leasure","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029955,"text":"70029955 - 2007 - Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of an ephemeral wetland in North Dakota, USA: Relative interactions of ground-water hydrology and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029955","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of an ephemeral wetland in North Dakota, USA: Relative interactions of ground-water hydrology and climate change","docAbstract":"This study of fossils (pollen, plant macrofossils, stomata and fish) and sediments (lithostratigraphy and geochemistry) from the Wendel site in North Dakota, USA, emphasizes the importance of considering ground-water hydrology when deciphering paleoclimate signals from lakes in postglacial landscapes. The Wendel site was a paleolake from about 11,500 14C yr BP to 11,100 14C yr BP. Afterwards, the lake-level lowered until it became a prairie marsh by 9,300 14C yr BP and finally, at 8,500 14C yr BP, an ephemeral wetland as it is today. Meanwhile, the vegetation changed from a white spruce parkland (11,500 to 10,500 14C yr BP) to deciduous parkland, followed by grassland at 9,300 14C yr BP. The pattern and timing of these aquatic and terrestrial changes are similar to coeval kettle lake records from adjacent uplands, providing a regional aridity signal. However, two local sources of ground water were identified from the fossil and geochemical data, which mediated atmospheric inputs to the Wendel basin. First, the paleolake received water from the melting of stagnant ice buried under local till for about 900 years after glacier recession. Later, Holocene droughts probably caused the lower-elevation Wendel site to capture the ground water of up-gradient lakes. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10933-006-9079-5","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Yansa, C., Dean, W., and Murphy, E., 2007, Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of an ephemeral wetland in North Dakota, USA: Relative interactions of ground-water hydrology and climate change: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 38, no. 3, p. 441-457, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9079-5.","startPage":"441","endPage":"457","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9079-5"},{"id":240623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4533e4b0c8380cd670fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yansa, C.H.","contributorId":17406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yansa","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, E.C.","contributorId":86745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029954,"text":"70029954 - 2007 - An evaluation of freshwater mussel toxicity data in the derivation of water quality guidance and standards for copper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T15:47:08","indexId":"70029954","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of freshwater mussel toxicity data in the derivation of water quality guidance and standards for copper","docAbstract":"The state of Oklahoma has designated several areas as freshwater mussel sanctuaries in an attempt to provide freshwater mussel species a degree of protection and to facilitate their reproduction. We evaluated the protection afforded freshwater mussels by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) hardness-based 1996 ambient copper water quality criteria, the 2007 U.S. EPA water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model and the 2005 state of Oklahoma copper water quality standards. Both the criterion maximum concentration and criterion continuous concentration were evaluated. Published acute and chronic copper toxicity data that met American Society for Testing and Materials guidance for test acceptability were obtained for exposures conducted with glochidia or juvenile freshwater mussels. We tabulated toxicity data for glochidia and juveniles to calculate 20 species mean acute values for freshwater mussels. Generally, freshwater mussel species mean acute values were similar to those of the more sensitive species included in the U.S. EPA water quality derivation database. When added to the database of genus mean acute values used in deriving 1996 copper water quality criteria, 14 freshwater mussel genus mean acute values included 10 of the lowest 15 genus mean acute values, with three mussel species having the lowest values. Chronic exposure and sublethal effects freshwater mussel data available for four species and acute to chronic ratios were used to evaluate the criterion continuous concentration. On the basis of the freshwater mussel toxicity data used in this assessment, the hardness-based 1996 U.S. EPA water quality criteria, the 2005 Oklahoma water quality standards, and the 2007 U.S. EPA water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model might need to be revised to afford protection to freshwater mussels. ?? 2007 SETAC.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/06-560R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"March, F., Dwyer, F., Augspurger, T., Ingersoll, C., Wang, N., and Mebane, C., 2007, An evaluation of freshwater mussel toxicity data in the derivation of water quality guidance and standards for copper: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2066-2074, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-560R.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2066","endPage":"2074","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-560R.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea4be4b0c8380cd48771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"March, F.A.","contributorId":64031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Augspurger, T.","contributorId":81844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augspurger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mebane, C.A.","contributorId":84134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70194910,"text":"70194910 - 2007 - Vertical tritium transport from the shallow unsaturated zone to the atmosphere, Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-29T15:06:04","indexId":"70194910","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Vertical tritium transport from the shallow unsaturated zone to the atmosphere, Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Seven possible skylight entrances into Martian caves were observed on and around the flanks of Arsia Mons by the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). Distinct from impact craters, collapse pits or any other surface feature on Mars, these candidates appear to be deep dark holes at visible wavelengths while infrared observations show their thermal behaviors to be consistent with subsurface materials. Diameters range from 100 m to 225 m, and derived minimum depths range between 68 m and 130 m. Most candidates seem directly related to pitcraters, and may have formed in a similar manner with overhanging ceilings that remain intact.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2007GL030709","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Cushing, G., Titus, T.N., Wynne, J.J., and Christensen, P.R., 2007, THEMIS observes possible cave skylights on Mars: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, no. 17, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030709.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl030709","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"34","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba384e4b08c986b31fd2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushing, Glen gcushing@usgs.gov","contributorId":138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"Glen","email":"gcushing@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":431534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wynne, J. Judson","contributorId":73710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynne","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Judson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031252,"text":"70031252 - 2007 - Developing terrestrial, multi-taxon indices of biological integrity: An example from coastal sage scrub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031252","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing terrestrial, multi-taxon indices of biological integrity: An example from coastal sage scrub","docAbstract":"We screened 351 species or genera for their response to disturbance in coastal sage scrub (CSS) to develop a 15-metric, 5-taxon Index of Biological Integrity (IBI). We collected data on ants, birds, herpetofauna, small mammals, and plants for two years on 46 sites established across a gradient of disturbance in three reserves. The gradient spanned relatively intact CSS with thick stands of shrubs, to former CSS stands type-converted to exotic grasses. ANOVAs and clustering analyses indicated the IBI could distinguish four levels of disturbance in CSS. General measures of community structure, such as richness, did not show changes across the gradient for most taxa, and responses of taxa across the gradient were varied and rarely correlated. However, turnover in species or genera across the gradient was common across all taxa as shrub-obligate life forms were replaced by those favoring grassy or disturbed habitats. Our data indicate index-based approaches based on data collected across disturbance gradients may outperform more traditional community level metrics when responses to anthropogenic influences are complex and vary across species. ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.005","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Diffendorfer, J., Fleming, G., Duggan, J., Chapman, R., Rahn, M., Mitrovich, M., and Fisher, R., 2007, Developing terrestrial, multi-taxon indices of biological integrity: An example from coastal sage scrub: Biological Conservation, v. 140, no. 1-2, p. 130-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.005.","startPage":"130","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211432,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.005"},{"id":238718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0012e4b0c8380cd4f591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diffendorfer, J.E.","contributorId":28569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, G.M.","contributorId":56027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duggan, J.M.","contributorId":66055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duggan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, R.E.","contributorId":103864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rahn, M.E.","contributorId":81693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahn","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mitrovich, M.J.","contributorId":43166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitrovich","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030916,"text":"70030916 - 2007 - Palaeolimnological evidence of late-Holocene settlement and abandonment in the Mirador Basin, Peten, Guatemala","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-26T11:53:49.350789","indexId":"70030916","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palaeolimnological evidence of late-Holocene settlement and abandonment in the Mirador Basin, Peten, Guatemala","docAbstract":"Procellariiforms are unique among seabirds in storing dietary lipids in both adipose tissue and stomach oil. Thus, both lipid sources are potentially useful for trophic studies using fatty acid (FA) signatures. However, little is known about the relationship between FA signatures in stomach oil and adipose tissue of individuals or whether these signatures provide similar information about diet and physiology. We compared the FA composition of stomach oil and adipose tissue biopsies of individual northern fulmars (N = 101) breeding at three major colonies in Alaska. Fatty acid signatures differed significantly between the two lipid sources, reflecting differences in dietary time scales, metabolic processing, or both. However, these signatures exhibited a relatively consistent relationship between individuals, such that the two lipid sources provided a similar ability to distinguish foraging differences among individuals and colonies. Our results, including the exclusive presence of dietary wax esters in stomach oil but not adipose tissue, are consistent with the notion that stomach oil FA signatures represent lipids retained from prey consumed during recent foraging and reflect little metabolic processing, whereas adipose tissue FA signatures represent a longer-term integration of dietary intake. Our study illustrates the potential for elucidating short- versus longer-term diet information in Procellariiform birds using different lipid sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00360-007-0187-y","usgsCitation":"Wang, S., Iverson, S., Springer, A., and Hatch, S.A., 2007, Fatty acid signatures of stomach oil and adipose tissue of northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) in Alaska: Implications for diet analysis of Procellariiform birds: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, v. 177, no. 8, p. 893-903, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-007-0187-y.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"893","endPage":"903","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chagulak Island, Pribilof Islands, Semidi Islands, St. Matthew and Hall Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.93145751953122,\n 55.94227871136694\n ],\n [\n -156.54693603515625,\n 55.94227871136694\n ],\n [\n -156.54693603515625,\n 56.248691196493475\n ],\n [\n -156.93145751953122,\n 56.248691196493475\n ],\n [\n -156.93145751953122,\n 55.94227871136694\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.62316894531247,\n 56.45793789319228\n ],\n [\n -169.3487548828125,\n 56.45793789319228\n ],\n [\n -169.3487548828125,\n 57.29091812634045\n ],\n [\n -170.62316894531247,\n 57.29091812634045\n ],\n [\n -170.62316894531247,\n 56.45793789319228\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -173.2379150390625,\n 60.22890276751329\n ],\n [\n -172.0623779296875,\n 60.22890276751329\n ],\n [\n -172.0623779296875,\n 60.74171324184685\n ],\n [\n -173.2379150390625,\n 60.74171324184685\n ],\n [\n -173.2379150390625,\n 60.22890276751329\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.207160949707,\n 52.54566934855766\n ],\n [\n -171.10004425048828,\n 52.54566934855766\n ],\n [\n -171.10004425048828,\n 52.59366351394778\n ],\n [\n -171.207160949707,\n 52.59366351394778\n ],\n [\n -171.207160949707,\n 52.54566934855766\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"177","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f16e4b0c8380cd53762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, S.W.","contributorId":15011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, S.J.","contributorId":27675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Springer, A.M.","contributorId":89298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030917,"text":"70030917 - 2007 - Incidence of the enterococcal surface protein (esp) gene in human and animal fecal sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T13:52:24","indexId":"70030917","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incidence of the enterococcal surface protein (esp) gene in human and animal fecal sources","docAbstract":"The occurrence of the enterococcal surface protein (esp) gene in the opportunistic pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium is well-documented in clinical research. Recently, the esp gene has been proposed as a marker of human pollution in environmental waters; however, information on its relative incidence in various human and animal fecal sources is limited. We have determined the occurrence of the esp gene in enterococci from human (n = 64) and animal (n = 233) fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction using two primer sets: one presumably specific for E. faecium (espfm) and the other for both E. faecalis and E. faecium (espfs/fm). We believe that this research is the first to explore the use of espfs/fm for the detection of human waste in natural environmental settings. The incidence in human sources was 93.1% espfm and 100% espfs/fm in raw sewage influent; 30% for both espfm and espfs/fm in septic waste; and 0% espfm and 80% espfs/fm in active pit toilets. The overall occurrence of the gene in animal feces was 7.7% (espfs/fm) and 4.7% (espfm); animal types with positive results included dogs (9/43, all espfm), gulls (10/34, espfs/fm; 2/34, espfm), mice (3/22, all espfs/fm), and songbirds (5/55, all espfs/fm). The esp gene was not detected in cat (0/34), deer (0/4), goose (0/18), or raccoon (0/23) feces. The inconsistent occurrence, especially in septic and pit toilet sewage, suggests a low statistical power of discrimination between animal and human sources, which means a large number of replicates should be collected. Both espfm and espfs/fm were common in raw sewage, but neither one efficiently differentiated between animal and other human sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es070817t","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Whitman, R., Przybyla-Kelly, K., Shively, D., and Byappanahalli, M., 2007, Incidence of the enterococcal surface protein (esp) gene in human and animal fecal sources: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 17, p. 6090-6095, https://doi.org/10.1021/es070817t.","startPage":"6090","endPage":"6095","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211665,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es070817t"},{"id":238999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39dae4b0c8380cd61a70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Przybyla-Kelly, K.","contributorId":23332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Przybyla-Kelly","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035282,"text":"70035282 - 2007 - Seismic hazard and risk assessment in the intraplate environment: The New Madrid seismic zone of the central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035282","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard and risk assessment in the intraplate environment: The New Madrid seismic zone of the central United States","docAbstract":"Although the causes of large intraplate earthquakes are still not fully understood, they pose certain hazard and risk to societies. Estimating hazard and risk in these regions is difficult because of lack of earthquake records. The New Madrid seismic zone is one such region where large and rare intraplate earthquakes (M = 7.0 or greater) pose significant hazard and risk. Many different definitions of hazard and risk have been used, and the resulting estimates differ dramatically. In this paper, seismic hazard is defined as the natural phenomenon generated by earthquakes, such as ground motion, and is quantified by two parameters: a level of hazard and its occurrence frequency or mean recurrence interval; seismic risk is defined as the probability of occurrence of a specific level of seismic hazard over a certain time and is quantified by three parameters: probability, a level of hazard, and exposure time. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), a commonly used method for estimating seismic hazard and risk, derives a relationship between a ground motion parameter and its return period (hazard curve). The return period is not an independent temporal parameter but a mathematical extrapolation of the recurrence interval of earthquakes and the uncertainty of ground motion. Therefore, it is difficult to understand and use PSHA. A new method is proposed and applied here for estimating seismic hazard in the New Madrid seismic zone. This method provides hazard estimates that are consistent with the state of our knowledge and can be easily applied to other intraplate regions. ?? 2007 The Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.2425(24)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Wang, Z., 2007, Seismic hazard and risk assessment in the intraplate environment: The New Madrid seismic zone of the central United States: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 425, p. 363-374, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.2425(24).","startPage":"363","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.2425(24)"}],"issue":"425","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b15e4b08c986b31759a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031436,"text":"70031436 - 2007 - Effects of earlier sea ice breakup on survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70031436","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of earlier sea ice breakup on survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson Bay","docAbstract":"Some of the most pronounced ecological responses to climatic warming are expected to occur in polar marine regions, where temperature increases have been the greatest and sea ice provides a sensitive mechanism by which climatic conditions affect sympagic (i.e., with ice) species. Population-level effects of climatic change, however, remain difficult to quantify. We used a flexible extension of Cormack-Jolly-Seber capture-recapture models to estimate population size and survival for polar bears (Ursus maritimus), one of the most ice-dependent of Arctic marine mammals. We analyzed data for polar bears captured from 1984 to 2004 along the western coast of Hudson Bay and in the community of Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. The Western Hudson Bay polar bear population declined from 1,194 (95% CI = 1,020-1,368) in 1987 to 935 (95% CI = 794-1,076) in 2004. Total apparent survival of prime-adult polar bears (5-19 yr) was stable for females (0.93; 95% CI = 0.91-0.94) and males (0.90; 95% CI = 0.88-0.91). Survival of juvenile, subadult, and senescent-adult polar bears was correlated with spring sea ice breakup date, which was variable among years and occurred approximately 3 weeks earlier in 2004 than in 1984. We propose that this correlation provides evidence for a causal association between earlier sea ice breakup (due to climatic warming) and decreased polar bear survival. It may also explain why Churchill, like other communities along the western coast of Hudson Bay, has experienced an increase in human-polar bear interactions in recent years. Earlier sea ice breakup may have resulted in a larger number of nutritionally stressed polar bears, which are encroaching on human habitations in search of supplemental food. Because western Hudson Bay is near the southern limit of the species' range, our findings may foreshadow the demographic responses and management challenges that more northerly polar bear populations will experience if climatic warming in the Arctic continues as projected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-180","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Regehr, E., Lunn, N., Amstrup, S.C., and Stirling, I., 2007, Effects of earlier sea ice breakup on survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson Bay: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 8, p. 2673-2683, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-180.","startPage":"2673","endPage":"2683","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212262,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-180"},{"id":239724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06d8e4b0c8380cd5143f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Regehr, E.V.","contributorId":90937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regehr","given":"E.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunn, N.J.","contributorId":42920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035635,"text":"70035635 - 2007 - Geology of the Yucca Mountain site area, southwestern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T15:10:58","indexId":"70035635","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Yucca Mountain site area, southwestern Nevada","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain in southwestern Nevada is a prominent, irregularly shaped upland formed by a thick apron of Miocene pyroclastic-flow and fallout tephra deposits, with minor lava flows, that was segmented by through-going, large-displacement normal faults into a series of north-trending, eastwardly tilted structural blocks. The principal volcanic-rock units are the Tiva Canyon and Topopah Spring Tuffs of the Paintbrush Group, which consist of volumetrically large eruptive sequences derived from compositionally distinct magma bodies in the nearby southwestern Nevada volcanic field, and are classic examples of a magmatic zonation characterized by an upper crystal-rich (>10% crystal fragments) member, a more voluminous lower crystal-poor (<5% crystal fragments) member, and an intervening thin transition zone. Rocks within the crystal-poor member of the Topopah Spring Tuff, lying some 280 m below the crest of Yucca Mountain, constitute the proposed host rock to be excavated for the storage of high-level radioactive wastes. Separation of the tuffaceous rock formations into subunits that allow for detailed mapping and structural interpretations is based on macroscopic features, most importantly the relative abundance of lithophysae and the degree of welding. The latter feature, varying from nonwelded through partly and moderately welded to densely welded, exerts a strong control on matrix porosities and other rock properties that provide essential criteria for distinguishing hydrogeologic and thermal mechanical units, which are of major interest in evaluating the suitability of Yucca Mountain to host a safe and permanent geologic repository for waste storage. A thick and varied sequence of surficial deposits mantle large parts of the Yucca Mountain site area. Mapping of these deposits and associated soils in exposures and in the walls of trenches excavated across buried faults provides evidence for multiple surface-rupturing events along all of the major faults during Pleistocene and Holocene times; these paleoseismic studies form the basis for evaluating the potential for future earthquakes and fault displacements. Thermoluminescence and U-series analyses were used to date the surficial materials involved in the Quaternary faulting events. The rate of erosional downcutting of bedrock on the ridge crests and hillslopes of Yucca Mountain, being of particular concern with respect to the potential for breaching of the proposed underground storage facility, was studied by using rock varnish cation-ratio and 10Be and 36Cl cosmogenic dating methods to determine the length of time bedrock outcrops and hillslope boulder deposits were exposed to cosmic rays, which then served as a basis for calculating long-term erosion rates. The results indicate rates ranging from 0.04 to 0.27 cm/k.y., which represent the maximum downcutting along the summit of Yucca Mountain under all climatic conditions that existed there during most of Quaternary time. Associated studies include the stratigraphy of surficial deposits in Fortymile Wash, the major drainage course in the area, which record a complex history of four to five cut-and-fill cycles within the channel during middle to late Quaternary time. The last 2-4 m of incision probably occurred during the last pluvial climatic period, 22-18 ka, followed by aggradation to the present time. Major faults at Yucca Mountain-from east to west, the Paintbrush Canyon, Bow Ridge, Stagecoach Road, Solitario Canyon, Fatigue Wash, Windy Wash, and Northern and Southern Crater Flat Faults-trend predominantly north, are spaced 1-5 km apart, have bedrock displacements ranging from 125 m to as much as 500 m, and exhibit Quaternary movements of several centimeters to a few meters. Displacements are predominantly down to the west, and bedrock/alluvium contacts commonly are marked by fault-line scarps. The predominant northerly fault trend changes to a more northeasterly trend in adjacent areas south ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.1199(03)","issn":"00721069","usgsCitation":"Keefer, W.R., Whitney, J., and Buesch, D., 2007, Geology of the Yucca Mountain site area, southwestern Nevada: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 199, p. 53-103, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(03).","startPage":"53","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(03)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4,\n 36.4\n ],\n [\n -116.2,\n 36.4\n ],\n [\n -116.2,\n 36.8\n ],\n [\n -116.4,\n 36.8\n ],\n [\n -116.4,\n 36.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"199","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a26d4e4b0c8380cd593b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, W. R.","contributorId":21538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, J.W.","contributorId":27437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buesch, D.C. 0000-0002-4978-5027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":73633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031385,"text":"70031385 - 2007 - Effects of depth and crayfish size on predation risk and foraging profitability of a lotic crayfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70031385","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of depth and crayfish size on predation risk and foraging profitability of a lotic crayfish","docAbstract":"We conducted field surveys and experiments to determine whether observed distributions of crayfish among habitats were influenced by differential resource availability, foraging profitability, and predation rates and whether these factors differed with crayfish size and habitat depth. We sampled available food resources (detritus and invertebrates) and shelter as rock substrate in deep (>50 cm) and shallow (<30 cm) habitats. We used an enclosure-exclosure experiment to examine the effects of water depth and crayfish size on crayfish biomass and survival, and to determine whether these factors affected silt accrual, algal abundance (chlorophyll a [chl a]), and detritus and invertebrate biomass (g ash-free dry mass) differently from enclosures without crayfish. We conducted tethering experiments to assess predation on small (13-17 mm carapace length [CL]) and large (23-30 mm CL) Orconectes marchandi and to determine whether predation rates differed with water depth. Invertebrate biomass was significantly greater in shallow water than in deep water, whereas detritus biomass did not differ significantly between depths. Cobble was significantly more abundant in shallow than in deep water. Depth and crayfish size had a significant interactive effect on change in size of enclosed crayfish when CL was used as a measure of size but not when biomass was used as a measure of size. CL of small crayfish increased significantly more in enclosures in shallow than in deep water, but CL of large crayfish changed very little at either depth. Silt, chl a, and detritus biomass were significantly lower on tiles in large- than in small- and no-crayfish enclosures, and invertebrate biomass was significantly lower in large- than in no-crayfish enclosures. Significantly more crayfish were consumed in deep than in shallow water regardless of crayfish size. Our results suggest that predation and resource availability might influence the depth distribution of small and large crayfish. Small crayfish grew faster in shallow habitats where they might have had a fitness advantage caused by high prey availability and reduced predation risk. Size-dependent reduction of silt by crayfish might influence benthic habitats where large crayfish are abundant. ?? 2007 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/06-103.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Flinders, C., and Magoulick, D., 2007, Effects of depth and crayfish size on predation risk and foraging profitability of a lotic crayfish: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 26, no. 4, p. 767-778, https://doi.org/10.1899/06-103.1.","startPage":"767","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212528,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/06-103.1"},{"id":240025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06c4e4b0c8380cd513eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flinders, C.A.","contributorId":6257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinders","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoulick, D.D.","contributorId":80862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031383,"text":"70031383 - 2007 - Human enteric viruses in groundwater from a confined bedrock aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T17:19:35.864259","indexId":"70031383","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Human enteric viruses in groundwater from a confined bedrock aquifer","docAbstract":"Confined aquifers are overlain by low-permeability aquitards that are commonly assumed to protect underlying aquifers from microbial contaminants. However, empirical data on microbial contamination beneath aquitards is limited. This study determined the occurrence of human pathogenic viruses in well water from a deep sandstone aquifer confined by a regionally extensive shale aquitard. Three public water-supply wells were each sampled 10 times over 15 months. Samples were analyzed by reverse transcription−polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for several virus groups and by cell culture for infectious enteroviruses. Seven of 30 samples were positive by RT-PCR for enteroviruses; one of these was positive for infectious echovirus 18. The virus-positive samples were collected from two wells cased through the aquitard, indicating the viruses were present in the confined aquifer. Samples from the same wells showed atmospheric tritium, indicating water recharged within the past few decades. Hydrogeologic conditions support rapid porous media transport of viruses through the upper sandstone aquifer to the top of the aquitard 61 m below ground surface. Natural fractures in the shale aquitard are one possible virus transport pathway through the aquitard; however, windows, cross-connecting well bores, or imperfect grout seals along well casings also may be involved. Deep confined aquifers can be more vulnerable to contamination by human viruses than commonly believed.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es071110","usgsCitation":"Borchardt, M., Bradbury, K.R., Gotkowitz, M., Cherry, J.A., and Parker, B., 2007, Human enteric viruses in groundwater from a confined bedrock aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 18, p. 6606-6612, https://doi.org/10.1021/es071110.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6606","endPage":"6612","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.38098907470702,\n 43.032760685832\n ],\n [\n -89.33052062988281,\n 43.032760685832\n ],\n [\n -89.33052062988281,\n 43.13331170781402\n ],\n [\n -89.38098907470702,\n 43.13331170781402\n ],\n [\n -89.38098907470702,\n 43.032760685832\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a327de4b0c8380cd5e83f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borchardt, M. 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A.","contributorId":24880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parker, B.L.","contributorId":51971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030575,"text":"70030575 - 2007 - Habitat selection of Rocky Mountain elk in a nonforested environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030575","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat selection of Rocky Mountain elk in a nonforested environment","docAbstract":"Recent expansions by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) into nonforested habitats across the Intermountain West have required managers to reconsider the traditional paradigms of forage and cover as they relate to managing elk and their habitats. We examined seasonal habitat selection patterns of a hunted elk population in a nonforested high-desert region of southwestern Wyoming, USA. We used 35,246 global positioning system locations collected from 33 adult female elk to model probability of use as a function of 6 habitat variables: slope, aspect, elevation, habitat diversity, distance to shrub cover, and distance to road. We developed resource selection probability functions for individual elk, and then we averaged the coefficients to estimate population-level models for summer and winter periods. We used the population-level models to generate predictive maps by assigning pixels across the study area to 1 of 4 use categories (i.e., high, medium-high, medium-low, or low), based on quartiles of the predictions. Model coefficients and predictive maps indicated that elk selected for summer habitats characterized by higher elevations in areas of high vegetative diversity, close to shrub cover, northerly aspects, moderate slopes, and away from roads. Winter habitat selection patterns were similar, except elk shifted to areas with lower elevations and southerly aspects. We validated predictive maps by using 528 locations collected from an independent sample of radiomarked elk (n = 55) and calculating the proportion of locations that occurred in each of the 4 use categories. Together, the high- and medium-high use categories of the summer and winter predictive maps contained 92% and 74% of summer and winter elk locations, respectively. Our population-level models and associated predictive maps were successful in predicting winter and summer habitat use by elk in a nonforested environment. In the absence of forest cover, elk seemed to rely on a combination of shrubs, topography, and low human disturbance to meet their thermal and hiding cover requirements.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/2006-131","issn":"00225","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, H., Nielson, R.M., Lindzey, F., Keith, L., Powell, J., and Abraham, A., 2007, Habitat selection of Rocky Mountain elk in a nonforested environment: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 3, p. 868-874, https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-131.","startPage":"868","endPage":"874","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212104,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2006-131"},{"id":239527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f26e4b0c8380cd5cb29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, H.","contributorId":59910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielson, R. M.","contributorId":22967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindzey, F.G.","contributorId":12660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindzey","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith, L.","contributorId":77866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powell, J.H.","contributorId":60018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abraham, A.A.","contributorId":103082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031352,"text":"70031352 - 2007 - Stability and uncertainty of finite-fault slip inversions: Application to the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T14:16:57","indexId":"70031352","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability and uncertainty of finite-fault slip inversions: Application to the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake is used to investigate stability and uncertainty aspects of the finite-fault slip inversion problem with different a priori model assumptions. We utilize records from 54 strong ground motion stations and 13 continuous, 1-Hz sampled, geodetic instruments. Two inversion procedures are compared: a linear least-squares subfault-based methodology and a nonlinear global search algorithm. These two methods encompass a wide range of the different approaches that have been used to solve the finite-fault slip inversion problem. For the Parkfield earthquake and the inversion of velocity or displacement waveforms, near-surface related site response (top 100 m, frequencies above 1 Hz) is shown to not significantly affect the solution. Results are also insensitive to selection of slip rate functions with similar duration and to subfault size if proper stabilizing constraints are used. The linear and nonlinear formulations yield consistent results when the same limitations in model parameters are in place and the same inversion norm is used. However, the solution is sensitive to the choice of inversion norm, the bounds on model parameters, such as rake and rupture velocity, and the size of the model fault plane. The geodetic data set for Parkfield gives a slip distribution different from that of the strong-motion data, which may be due to the spatial limitation of the geodetic stations and the bandlimited nature of the strong-motion data. Cross validation and the bootstrap method are used to set limits on the upper bound for rupture velocity and to derive mean slip models and standard deviations in model parameters. This analysis shows that slip on the northwestern half of the Parkfield rupture plane from the inversion of strong-motion data is model dependent and has a greater uncertainty than slip near the hypocenter.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120070080","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Liu, P., Mendoza, C., Ji, C., and Larson, K., 2007, Stability and uncertainty of finite-fault slip inversions: Application to the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 97, no. 6, p. 1911-1934, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120070080.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1911","endPage":"1934","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212559,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120070080"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.750732421875,\n 35.84230806912384\n ],\n [\n -120.69854736328125,\n 35.725332497303015\n ],\n [\n -120.64773559570311,\n 35.66399091134812\n ],\n [\n -120.36758422851561,\n 35.649485098277204\n ],\n [\n -120.16708374023438,\n 35.715298012125295\n ],\n [\n -120.16708374023438,\n 35.84564769832635\n ],\n [\n -120.24948120117188,\n 35.97800618085568\n ],\n [\n -120.33462524414061,\n 36.061311571582486\n ],\n [\n -120.49667358398438,\n 36.12900165569652\n ],\n [\n -120.65322875976562,\n 36.12456474813333\n ],\n [\n -120.79055786132812,\n 36.07907198829112\n ],\n [\n -120.80291748046874,\n 35.94910642813857\n ],\n [\n -120.750732421875,\n 35.84230806912384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b964be4b08c986b31b40c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, P.","contributorId":98443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ji, C.","contributorId":31093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, K.M.","contributorId":84949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030844,"text":"70030844 - 2007 - Mid-Pliocene planktic foraminifer assemblage of the North Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-27T15:26:37","indexId":"70030844","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Pliocene planktic foraminifer assemblage of the North Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) North Atlantic faunal data set provides a unique, temporally constrained perspective to document and evaluate the quantitative geographic distribution of key mid-Pliocene taxa. Planktic foraminifer census data from within the PRISM time slab (3.29 to 2.97 Ma) at thirteen sites in the North Atlantic Ocean have been analyzed. We have compiled Scanning Electron Micrographs for an atlas of mid-Pliocene assemblages from the North Atlantic with descriptions of each taxon to document the taxonomic concepts that accompany the PRISM data. In mid-Pliocene assemblages, the geographic distributions of extant taxa are similar to their present day distributions, although some are extended to the north. We use the distribution of extinct taxa to assess previous assumptions regarding environmental preferences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsmicropal.53.1-2.105","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., and Robinson, M., 2007, Mid-Pliocene planktic foraminifer assemblage of the North Atlantic Ocean: Micropaleontology, v. 53, no. 1-2, p. 105-126, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsmicropal.53.1-2.105.","startPage":"105","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268485,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsmicropal.53.1-2.105"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56c1e4b0c8380cd6d7de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M.M.","contributorId":56263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030849,"text":"70030849 - 2007 - Moult migration of emperor geese Chen canagica between Alaska and Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:34:15","indexId":"70030849","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moult migration of emperor geese Chen canagica between Alaska and Russia","docAbstract":"We studied reproductive success and post-breeding movements of 32 adult female emperor geese Chen canagica that were marked with satellite radio transmitters on their nesting area on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska 2000–2004. All 16 females that failed to successfully reproduce departed the YKD and moulted remiges either on the north coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia (n=15), or on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska (n=1). Of 16 females that successfully nested, one migrated to Russia following hatch whereas the remainder stayed on the YKD. While moulting on the Chukotka Peninsula, emperor geese with satellite transmitters primarily used coastal lagoons west of Kolyuchin Bay. We observed 21,150 adult-plumaged emperor geese during aerial surveys in Chukotka in 2002. Most (95%) were in the same region used by geese that had been marked with satellite transmitters in Alaska. The number of emperor geese observed in Russia was comparable to our estimate of ≥20,000 adults that either do not nest or nest unsuccessfully each year on the YKD, suggesting that most nonproductive adults, or ≥28% of the adult population departs the YKD to moult elsewhere. The number of moult migrants may be substantially higher in years of poor reproductive success or if adult-plumaged birds that are not of breeding age also leave the YKD. Moult migration of emperor geese between Alaska and Russia is likely substantially greater than previously believed. Russian moulting habitats are important to the North American population of emperor geese and events that affect survival of geese in Russia could impact population trends on the YKD. Protection of coastal lagoons on the north coast of Chukotka is warranted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0908-8857.2007.03969.x","issn":"09088857","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Schmutz, J.A., Ely, C.R., Syroechkovskiy, E., Kondratyev, A.V., Eldridge, W., and Lappo, E., 2007, Moult migration of emperor geese Chen canagica between Alaska and Russia: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 38, no. 4, p. 462-470, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0908-8857.2007.03969.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"462","endPage":"470","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438858,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GJQ6LF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking Data for Emperor Geese (Anser canagicus)"},{"id":238995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03969.x"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e8de4b0c8380cd70b01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Syroechkovskiy, E.E. Jr.","contributorId":58459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syroechkovskiy","given":"E.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kondratyev, Alexander V.","contributorId":60160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratyev","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eldridge, W.D.","contributorId":78451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eldridge","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lappo, E.","contributorId":105118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lappo","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}