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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dry borders: Great natural reserves of the Sonoran Desert","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Utah Press","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., 2007, New life for the Colorado River Delta, chap. of Dry borders: Great natural reserves of the Sonoran Desert, p. 357-363.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"363","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Felger, R.S.","contributorId":80522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felger","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953602,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broyles, Bill","contributorId":365044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Broyles","given":"Bill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953604,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173729,"text":"70173729 - 2007 - Whales and whaling in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea: Oceanographic insights and ecosystem impacts chapter 19","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T13:05:04","indexId":"70173729","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"subchapterNumber":"19","title":"Whales and whaling in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea: Oceanographic insights and ecosystem impacts chapter 19","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Whales, Whaling and ocean Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","isbn":"9780520248847","usgsCitation":"Springer, A., Van Vliet, G.B., Pratt, J., and Danner, E., 2007, Whales and whaling in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea: Oceanographic insights and ecosystem impacts chapter 19, chap. of Whales, Whaling and ocean Ecosystems, p. 245-261.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"261","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5759423ae4b04f417c256a17","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637949,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeMaster, D.P.","contributorId":93848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMaster","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637950,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":46811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637951,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Springer, A.","contributorId":121535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Vliet, Gus B.","contributorId":35086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Vliet","given":"Gus","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, J.","contributorId":52092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danner, E.M.","contributorId":81677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danner","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":77407,"text":"sir20065101B - 2007 - Chapter B. Physical, Chemical, and Biological Responses of Streams to Increasing Watershed Urbanization in the Piedmont Ecoregion of Georgia and Alabama, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T10:15:31","indexId":"sir20065101B","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5101","chapter":"B","title":"Chapter B. Physical, Chemical, and Biological Responses of Streams to Increasing Watershed Urbanization in the Piedmont Ecoregion of Georgia and Alabama, 2003","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program?s effort to assess the physical, chemical, and biological responses of streams to urbanization, 30 wadable streams were sampled near Atlanta, Ga., during 2002?2003. Watersheds were selected to minimize natural factors such as geology, altitude, and climate while representing a range of urban development. A multimetric urban intensity index was calculated using watershed land use, land cover, infrastructure, and socioeconomic variables that are highly correlated with population density. The index was used to select sites along a gradient from low to high urban intensity. Response variables measured include stream hydrology and water temperature, instream habitat, field properties (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity), nutrients, pesticides, suspended sediment, sulfate, chloride, Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations, and characterization of algal, invertebrate and fish communities. In addition, semipermeablemembrane devices (SPMDs)?passive samplers that concentrate hydrophobic organic contaminants such as polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)?were used to evaluate water-quality conditions during the 4 weeks prior to biological sampling. Changes in physical, chemical, and biological conditions were evaluated using both nonparametric correlation analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordinations and associated comparisons of dataset similarity matrices.\r\n\r\nMany of the commonly reported effects of watershed urbanization on streams were observed in this study, such as altered hydrology and increases in some chemical constituent levels. Analysis of water-chemistry data showed that specific conductance, chloride, sulfate, and pesticides increased as urbanization increased. Nutrient concentrations were not directly correlated to increases in development, but were inversely correlated to percent forest in the watershed. Analyses of SPMD-derived data showed that bioassays and certain chemical constituents such as pyrene and benzophenanthrene, both PAHs found in coal tar, were strongly correlated with measures of watershed urbanization. Hydrologic variability metrics indicated that as urban development increased, streams became flashier, with characteristic high flows having shorter duration. The hydrologic effects associated with urbanization were greatest during the fall and least apparent during the winter. No correlations were observed between increasing urbanization and stream temperature or changes in stream habitat.\r\n\r\nAlgal, invertebrate, and fish communities exhibited statistically significant changes as watersheds became increasingly urban, with the strongest responses observed in the invertebrate community followed by fishes, then algal diatom communities. Invertebrate communities were the most responsive to increasing urbanization with Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Tricoptera taxa, especially Plecoptera (stoneflies) responding negatively and most strongly to increasing urbanization. Invertebrate communities were influenced more significantly by water quality, although significant responses to altered hydrology also were noted. In terms of the fish community, the percentage of cyprinids present in the stream was the only Index of Biotic Integrity metric that responded negatively to increases in watershed urbanization. Fish community response to urbanization was intermediate relative to algae and invertebrates with respect to significant metric responses as well as the overall community response to increasing urbanization. Measures of hydrologic variability were the most influential environmental variables affecting the algal community.\r\n\r\nAlthough sites were originally chosen to represent a gradient of increasing urbanization, a cluster analysis performed on the component metrics of the urban index categorized sites into four distinct groups. Multivariate analysis based on nonmetric MDS and related analyses of data ma","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter B of Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems in Six Metropolitan Areas of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20065101B","usgsCitation":"Gregory, M.B., and Calhoun, D.L., 2007, Chapter B. Physical, Chemical, and Biological Responses of Streams to Increasing Watershed Urbanization in the Piedmont Ecoregion of Georgia and Alabama, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5101, xii, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065101B.","productDescription":"xii, 104 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5101_b.jpg"},{"id":10779,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101B/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.75,32.5 ], [ -85.75,34.25 ], [ -83.25,34.25 ], [ -83.25,32.5 ], [ -85.75,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e58e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregory, M. Brian","contributorId":105772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calhoun, Daniel L. 0000-0003-2371-6936 dcalhoun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-6936","contributorId":1455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Daniel","email":"dcalhoun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76934,"text":"ofr20041358 - 2007 - Initial report of the IMAGES VIII/PAGE 127 gas hydrate and paleoclimate cruise on the RV Marion Dufresne in the Gulf of Mexico, 2-18 July 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T15:14:19","indexId":"ofr20041358","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1358","title":"Initial report of the IMAGES VIII/PAGE 127 gas hydrate and paleoclimate cruise on the RV Marion Dufresne in the Gulf of Mexico, 2-18 July 2002","docAbstract":"The northern Gulf of Mexico contains many documented gas hydrate deposits near the sea floor. Although gas hydrate often is present in shallow subbottom sediment, the extent of hydrate occurrence deeper than 10 meters below sea floor in basins away from vents and other surface expressions is unknown. We obtained giant piston cores, box cores, and gravity cores and performed heat-flow analyses to study these shallow gas hydrate deposits aboard the RV Marion Dufresne in July 2002. This report presents measurements and interpretations from that cruise. Our results confirm the presence of gas hydrate in vent-related sediments near the sea bed. The presence of gas hydrate near the vents is governed by the complex interaction of regional and local factors, including heat flow, fluid flow, faults, pore-water salinity, gas concentrations, and sediment properties. However, conditions appropriate for extensive gas hydrate formation were not found away from the vents.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041358","usgsCitation":"Winters, W.J., Lorenson, T., and Paull, C.K., 2007, Initial report of the IMAGES VIII/PAGE 127 gas hydrate and paleoclimate cruise on the RV Marion Dufresne in the Gulf of Mexico, 2-18 July 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1358, Chapters 1-14; Appendixes A-N; Disclaimer; ReadMe, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041358.","productDescription":"Chapters 1-14; Appendixes A-N; Disclaimer; ReadMe","temporalStart":"2002-07-02","temporalEnd":"2002-07-18","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/pubs/of2004-1358/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20041358.PNG"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.0,26.0 ], [ -98.0,32.0 ], [ -80.0,32.0 ], [ -80.0,26.0 ], [ -98.0,26.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66da3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":288171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76875,"text":"fs20043032 - 2007 - Studies on Disinfection By-Products and Drinking Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:21","indexId":"fs20043032","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-3032","title":"Studies on Disinfection By-Products and Drinking Water","docAbstract":"Drinking water is disinfected with chemicals to remove pathogens, such as Giardia and Cryptosproridium, and prevent waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid. During disinfection, by-products are formed at trace concentrations. Because some of these by-products are suspected carcinogens, drinking water utilities must maintain the effectiveness of the disinfection process while minimizing the formation of by-products.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20043032","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C.E., 2007, Studies on Disinfection By-Products and Drinking Water: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2004-3032, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20043032.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2004_3032.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699df2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76832,"text":"mf2414 - 2007 - Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T14:48:43","indexId":"mf2414","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2414","title":"Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"From our evaluations that largely used model-based criteria, we conclude that much of the East Mojave National Scenic Area (EMNSA) contains significant indications of epigenetic mineralization of various types. Economically significant concentrations of many metals may possibly remain to be discovered in many parts of the EMNSA (see also Wetzel and others, 1992). We have discussed specific types of metallic deposits that are known to be present in the EMNSA. Some mountain ranges that have widespread occurrences are the Providence Mountains, Clark Mountain Range, Ivanpah Mountains, and New York Mountains; the area of Hackberry Mountain is included in a tract that is judged to be favorable for the discovery of epithermal, volcanic-hosted gold deposits (pl. 2). These ranges make up a broad, roughly north-south-trending region in the central part of the EMNSA. Much less endowed with known occurrences of all of the various types of deposits considered above are the Granite Mountains, the central parts of the Piute Range, the Fenner Valley area, the general area of Cima Dome, the Cima volcanic field, and areas west to Soda Lake. We have attempted to make some judgments concerning the gravel-covered areas in the EMNSA (pl. 3), including the areal extent of bedrock apparently covered only by thin veneers of gravel. But few data are available to us for the overwhelming bulk of the covered areas. The presence of any mineralization, the type of mineralization, and the extent and intensity of mineralization in the covered areas is essentially unknown. The likelihood is high, however, that those areas in the EMNSA covered only by a thin cap of gravels could host mineralization similar to that known in the adjoining mountain ranges. Most buried epigenetic-mineral deposits do not respond to standard geophysical methods, particularly at the coarse spacing of the data-collection points available for our evaluation.\r\nRestricting judgments concerning the presence of undiscovered metal resources in the EMNSA only to currently known types of deposits and to regionally representative tonnages for such deposits would undoubtedly yield small estimates for volumes of many metals that might be exploited.\r\nMetals from most newly discovered, base- and ferrous-metal deposits of the types presently known in the EMNSA probably would be insignificant from the standpoint of national needs. For example, copper from a newly discovered skarn deposit in the EMNSA would have roughly a 25 percent chance of being in excess of approximately 10,000 tonnes contained Cu, if the grade-and-tonnage distribution curves of Jones and Menzie (1986b) for copper skarns are applicable to copper skarn in the EMNSA. Most copper in the United States is produced in the Southwest from much larger open-pit operations than those associated with the typical copper skarn; the former operations exploit large-tonnage porphyry-type systems. Historically, the EMNSA has been the site of minor production of many metals from a large number of sites. Since 1985, however, a small number of sites in the EMNSA whose gold production and reserves are much greater than that of the preceding discoveries have been developed (see U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1990a).\r\nNonetheless, widespread distribution of numerous types of deposits (including copper skarn, lead-zinc skarn, tin-tungsten skarn, polymetallic vein, gold-silver quartz-pyrite vein, low-fluorine porphyry molybdenum, gold breccia pipe, and volcanic-hosted gold) that are petrogenetically associated with igneous rock in many parts of the EMNSA is indicative of a metallogenic environment that may be the site of future discoveries of mineral-deposit types that are not now recognized by the exploration community. The science, art, and, yes, even luck of exploration procedures continually evolve, and this evolution is one of the most important aspects of currently employed methods of exploration (Bailly, 1981; Hutchinson and Grauch, 1991).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/mf2414","usgsCitation":"2007, Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2414, 6 Plates: Plate 1 - 54 x 38 inches, Plates 2 through 6 - each 48 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2414.","productDescription":"6 Plates: Plate 1 - 54 x 38 inches, Plates 2 through 6 - each 48 x 34 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science 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G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743687,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76800,"text":"b2160 - 2007 - Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T18:27:51","indexId":"b2160","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2160","title":"Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The rocks of the East Mojave National Scenic Area (EMNSA) record a history of dynamic geologic events that span more than 1,800 million years (m.y.). These geologic events contributed significantly to development of the spectacular vistas and panoramas present in the area today. The oldest rocks underlie much of the northern part of the EMNSA. These rocks were subjected to extreme pressures and temperatures deep in the Earth's crust about 1,700 million years ago (Ma). They were subsequently intruded by granitic magmas from about 1,695 to 1,650 Ma, by additional granitic magmas at about 1,400 Ma and, later, at about 1,100 Ma, by iron-rich magmas that crystallized to form dark igneous rocks termed diabase. Unusual potassium- and magnesium-rich rocks, emplaced at about 1,400 Ma, crop out in a few places within and near the EMNSA. Their distinctive composition results from very small degrees of partial melting of mantle peridotite that was highly enriched in incompatible trace elements. At Mountain Pass, just outside the northeast boundary of the EMNSA, the potassium- and magnesium-rich rocks are accompanied by a rare type of carbonatite, an igneous rock composed of carbonate minerals, that contains high-grade rare earth element mineralization.\r\n\r\nSubsequent to these igneous-dominated events, sedimentary strata began to be deposited at about 1,000 Ma; mostly sandstone and shale were deposited initially in marine and, less commonly, in continental environments along the west edge of the core of the North American continent. Sedimentation eventually culminated in the widespread deposition of thick marine limestones from about 400 to about 245 Ma. These limestones represent a continental-shelf environment where shallow-water limestone formed to the east and deeper water limestone formed to the west. The end of the formation of these sedimentary deposits probably was caused by uplift of the shelf, which marked the beginning of a long period of tectonic upheaval.\r\n\r\nAt about 170 Ma, widespread emplacement of coarse-grained granitic magmas began again in the region; some of these magmas also erupted as volcanic rocks. Additional episodes of magmatism took place at about 100 Ma and at 75 Ma. Most of the metallic-mineral occurrences in the EMNSA are associated with the igneous rocks that range in age from 170 to 75 Ma. During each of these magmatic events, the previously deposited sedimentary strata were buckled and broken as the entire region, part of a continental-scale fold and thrust belt, underwent crustal shortening and compression.\r\n\r\nA period of tectonic quiescence characterized the region from about 65 Ma to about 20 Ma. The quiet period ended abruptly with widespread volcanism along the southern and eastern parts of the EMNSA. The major gold deposits in the Castle Mountains are associated with this episode of volcanism. During this volcanic outburst, the crust extended laterally in several areas that border the EMNSA: along the lower Colorado River 65 km to the east, in the Kingston Range 20 km to the north, and in the central Mojave Desert 75 km to the southwest. This extensional deformation is characterized by the superposition of upper-crustal rocks over midcrustal rocks along large flat-lying faults, several of which project beneath rocks now exposed at the surface in the EMNSA. The near-surface rocks of the EMNSA, however, apparently escaped much of this intense extensional deformation. High-angle faults, which cut several of the mountain ranges, possibly have undergone several periods of movement, which date back to approximately 70 to 100 Ma. Some faults are of local importance to the physiographic development of the mountain ranges and intervening basins, and, in places, the faults seem to have localized various kinds of ore bodies and mineral occurrences.\r\n\r\nVolcanism and extensional deformation waned from 14 to 11 Ma. By approximately 10 Ma, widespread erosion had produced broad erosional dome-shaped mountains in the n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/b2160","usgsCitation":"2007, Geology and Mineral Resources of the East Mojave National Scenic Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2160, Report: viii, 265 p.; 6 Plates - Plate 1: 54 x 38 inches, Plates 2 through 6: 48 x 38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2160.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 265 p.; 6 Plates - Plate 1: 54 x 38 inches, Plates 2 through 6: 48 x 38 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110744,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81728.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81728"},{"id":10060,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2160/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119,32 ], [ -119,38 ], [ -114,38 ], [ -114,32 ], [ -119,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8523","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Theodore, Ted G.","contributorId":6144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749891,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171275,"text":"70171275 - 2007 - Exploring links between systematics and fisheries management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T10:36:19","indexId":"70171275","displayToPublicDate":"2006-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring links between systematics and fisheries management","docAbstract":"We argue that the sustainable management of fisheries resources depends on an understanding of the taxonomy and systematics of fish. Toward this end, it is necessary for fisheries managers to understand and apply the various species concepts that have been developed by taxonomists and evolutionary biologists and to decide, based on a philosophical position, what is necessary and sufficient for a taxon to be recognized as a distinct species. If species are viewed as ontological individuals and as such exist in nature, then it makes sense for managers to develop strategies to sustain and manipulate given populations to achieve management goals. In this series of papers, the authors explore species concepts with respect to fish and demonstrate the value of understanding species concepts, systematics, and taxonomy in addressing modern fisheries management problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T06-166.1","usgsCitation":"Stauffer, J.R., and Kocovsky, P.M., 2007, Exploring links between systematics and fisheries management: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 136, no. 4, p. 1122-1125, https://doi.org/10.1577/T06-166.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1122","endPage":"1125","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e30e4b07e28b664dba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauffer, Jay R","contributorId":115581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M. 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":3429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76193,"text":"ofr20051121 - 2007 - Maps of Quadrangles 3060 and 2960, Qala-I-Fath (608), Malek-Sayh-Koh (613), and Gozar-E-Sah (614) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20051121","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1121","title":"Maps of Quadrangles 3060 and 2960, Qala-I-Fath (608), Malek-Sayh-Koh (613), and Gozar-E-Sah (614) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey and the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Maps of Quadrangles 3060 and 2960, Qala-I-Fath (608), Malek-Sayh-Koh (613), and Gozar-E-Sah (614) Quadrangles, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1121, 4 Maps: Varied Sizes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051121.","productDescription":"4 Maps: Varied Sizes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.5,29.5 ], [ 60.5,31 ], [ 62,31 ], [ 62,29.5 ], [ 60.5,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76183,"text":"ofr20051122 - 2007 - Maps of Quadrangles 3062 and 2962, Charburjak (609), Khanneshin (610), Gawdezereh (615), and Galachah (616) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20051122","displayToPublicDate":"2006-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1122","title":"Maps of Quadrangles 3062 and 2962, Charburjak (609), Khanneshin (610), Gawdezereh (615), and Galachah (616) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey and the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Maps of Quadrangles 3062 and 2962, Charburjak (609), Khanneshin (610), Gawdezereh (615), and Galachah (616) Quadrangles, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1122, 4 Maps: Varied Sizes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051122.","productDescription":"4 Maps: Varied Sizes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10414,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 62,29.25 ], [ 62,31 ], [ 64,31 ], [ 64,29.25 ], [ 62,29.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":74513,"text":"fs20053066 - 2007 - USGS Fire Science: Fire Danger Monitoring and Forecasting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-16T17:16:06","indexId":"fs20053066","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3066","title":"USGS Fire Science: Fire Danger Monitoring and Forecasting","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has advanced the use of moderate-resolution satellite data in a decision support system for assessing national fire potential. Weekly updated digital images of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), based on data acquired at 1-kilometer (km) resolution (about 0.6 mi), have been used for the past 19 years as a means to assess live vegetation conditions for the purpose of rating fire danger. These images, produced and monitored through the growing season, portray the approximate time of greenup and senescence, as well as the relative amount and condition of growing plants.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20053066","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J., 2007, USGS Fire Science: Fire Danger Monitoring and Forecasting: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3066, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053066.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3066.jpg"},{"id":246711,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db61194c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeff","contributorId":95156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179459,"text":"70179459 - 2007 - Demographic analysis of adult Lost River suckers and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake and its tributaries, Oregon. Annual report 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T12:20:20","indexId":"70179459","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Demographic analysis of adult Lost River suckers and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake and its tributaries, Oregon. Annual report 2006","docAbstract":"n/a
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Janney, E., Barry, P., Hayes, B., Shively, R., and Scott, A., 2007, Demographic analysis of adult Lost River suckers and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake and its tributaries, Oregon. Annual report 2006, 42 p. .","productDescription":"42 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Orgeon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake area ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.42614746093749,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -122.42614746093749,\n 42.70665956351041\n ],\n [\n -121.39617919921874,\n 42.70665956351041\n ],\n [\n -121.39617919921874,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -122.42614746093749,\n 42.02481360781777\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586cc6b9e4b0f5ce109fa991","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janney, E.C.","contributorId":43955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janney","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barry, P.M.","contributorId":31574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, B.S.","contributorId":34721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, A.","contributorId":177881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198883,"text":"70198883 - 2007 - Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:48:47","indexId":"70198883","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T10:36:43","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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U.S. Geological Survey scientists have completed a major assessment of the environmental effects of historical mining in the Animas River watershed focusing on the area upstream of Silverton, Colo.?the Mineral Creek, Cement Creek, and upper Animas River basins. The study demonstrated how the watershed approach can be used to assess and rank mining-affected sites for possible cleanup. 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Juan\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e17aa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657138,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Von Guerard, Paul","contributorId":40620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Guerard","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657139,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finger, Susan E. sfinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"Susan","email":"sfinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":657140,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":77685,"text":"b2078 - 2007 - Regional Studies of the Potwar Plateau Area, Northern Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"b2078","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2078","title":"Regional Studies of the Potwar Plateau Area, Northern Pakistan","docAbstract":"The papers in this volume are products of a cooperative program between the Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), sponsored by the Government of Pakistan and the U.S. Agency for International Development. The focus of the program, the Coal Resources Exploration and Assessment Program (COALREAP), was to explore and assess Pakistan?s indigenous coal resources. As part of COALREAP, GSP and USGS geologists conducted regional geologic studies from 1988 to 1991 of the coal-bearing areas in the Potwar region of northern Pakistan. A reference section was selected from which to obtain faunal and floral analyses. The composite sections at Nammal Pass and Nammal Dam served as the basis for this regional reference.\r\n\r\nAlthough this Bulletin 2078 is being released in 2007, the writing and technical reviews were completed in 1993, and the chapters reflect the work done until that time. During the long production process for the Bulletin, which ultimately resulted in the oversize plates being digitized, the scientific content of the chapters was not changed, and most reports published since 1993 were not cited. A change in the age of the Patala Formation is discussed below [in the full preface], but the age discussions and illustrations in the chapters were not updated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/b2078","isbn":"9781411320932","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan, under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. Department of State, and the Government of Pakistan","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., and Wardlaw, B.R., 2007, Regional Studies of the Potwar Plateau Area, Northern Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2078, Report: 222 p. (variously paginated); 5 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2078.","productDescription":"Report: 222 p. (variously paginated); 5 Plates","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10846,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cc9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":288837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79772,"text":"mineral2007 - 2007 - Mineral Commodity Summaries 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T10:58:00","indexId":"mineral2007","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":323,"text":"Mineral Commodity Summaries","code":"MCS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007","title":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 2007","docAbstract":"Published on an annual basis, this report is the earliest Government publication to furnish estimates covering nonfuel mineral industry data. Data sheets contain information on the domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year salient statistics for over 90 individual minerals and materials.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mineral2007","usgsCitation":"Mineral Commodity Summaries 2007; 2007; MINERAL; 2007; U.S. Geological Survey","productDescription":"198 p; 4 Appendixes (6 p.); Individual Commodity Data Sheets; Available Online, Printed, and on CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9457,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2007/mcs2007.pdf","size":"1704","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mineral_2007.jpg"},{"id":9456,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63575c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70273212,"text":"70273212 - 2006 - Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) land conversion and productivity in the plains of Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-19T15:49:36.177108","indexId":"70273212","displayToPublicDate":"2025-09-19T09:32:51","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) land conversion and productivity in the plains of Sonora, Mexico","title":"Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) land conversion and productivity in the plains of Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"Bufflelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare syn. Cenchrus ciliaris) is an African grass that has been widely introduced in subtropical arid regions of the world to improve rangelands for cattle production. However, it can have a negative effect on the diversity of native plant communities. Buffelgrass was introduced to Sonora, Mexico in the 1970s as a means to bolster the cattle industry. “Desmonte,” the process by which native desert vegetation is removed in preparation for buffelgrass seeding, alters the land surface such that buffelgrass plots are easily detectable from aerial and Landsat satellite images. We estimated the extent of conversion to buffelgrass in a 1,850,000 ha area centered on Hermosillo, from MSS and TM images from 1973, 1983, 1990 and 2000. We then compared the relative above-ground productivity of buffelgrass to native vegetation using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values (NDVI) from Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite sensor systems. Buffelgrass pastures have increased from just 7700 ha in 1973 to over 140,000 ha in 2000. Buffelgrass pastures now cover 8% of the land surface in the study area. Buffelgrass pastures have lower net primary productivity, estimated by MODIS NDVI values, than unconverted desert land. The desmonte process removes trees and shrubs, while the buffelgrass plantings are often sparse, leading to an apparent net loss in net primary production from land conversion. We recommend that the desmonte process be discontinued until its efficacy and safety for native ecosystems can be established, and that a comprehensive plan for preserving biodiversity while accomodating economic development be established for this region of the Sonoran Desert in Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2005.07.018","usgsCitation":"Franklin, K.A., Lyons, K., Nagler, P.L., Lampkin, D., Glenn, E.P., Molina-Freaner, F., Markow, T., and Huete, A.R., 2006, Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) land conversion and productivity in the plains of Sonora, Mexico: Biological Conservation, v. 127, no. 1, p. 62-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.07.018.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Sonora","otherGeospatial":"Plains of Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.34259567104225,\n 30.555012631219427\n ],\n [\n -112.81806608880689,\n 29.880271513235172\n ],\n [\n -110.41803141575451,\n 27.204194529819702\n ],\n [\n -109.20603785830497,\n 28.13332597337235\n ],\n [\n -111.34259567104225,\n 30.555012631219427\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, Kim A.","contributorId":279983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franklin","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":57402,"text":"Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, Kelly","contributorId":364475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"Kelly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lampkin, Derrick","contributorId":364476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lampkin","given":"Derrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Molina-Freaner, Francisco","contributorId":364477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molina-Freaner","given":"Francisco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Markow, Therese","contributorId":364478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markow","given":"Therese","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo R","contributorId":243589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":48742,"text":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":79224,"text":"sir20065055 - 2006 - Use of an ADCP to compute suspended-sediment discharge in the tidal Hudson River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-29T23:03:28.353944","indexId":"sir20065055","displayToPublicDate":"2024-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5055","displayTitle":"Use of an ADCP To Compute Suspended-Sediment Discharge in the Tidal Hudson River, New York","title":"Use of an ADCP to compute suspended-sediment discharge in the tidal Hudson River, New York","docAbstract":"Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) can provide data needed for computation of suspended-sediment discharge in complex river systems, such as tidal rivers, in which conventional methods of collecting time-series data on suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) and water discharge are not feasible. Although ADCPs are not designed to measure SSC, ADCP data can be used as a surrogate under certain environmental conditions. However, the software for such computation is limited, and considerable post-processing is needed to correct and normalize ADCP data for this use. This report documents the sampling design and computational procedure used to calibrate ADCP measures of echo intensity to SSC and water velocity to discharge in the computation of suspended-sediment discharge at the study site on the Hudson River near Poughkeepsie, New York. The methods and procedures described may prove useful to others doing similar work in different locations; however, they are specific to this study site and may have limited applicability elsewhere.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065055","usgsCitation":"Wall, G.R., Nystrom, E.A., and Litten, Simon, 2006, Use of an ADCP to compute suspended-sediment discharge in the tidal Hudson River, New York (version 1.2, July 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5055, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065055.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431466,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5055/versionHist.txt","size":"920 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":431465,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5055/pdf/sir20065055.pdf","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8680,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5055/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78109.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5055/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.5,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.5,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: 2006; Version 1.1: 2008; Version 1.2: July 2024","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has historically discharged sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent to the Peconic River, which runs through the BNL site in Suffolk County, N.Y. This effluent discharge has averaged about 700,000 gallons per day (about 1.1 cubic feet per second [ft3/s]) since 1962 and led to contamination of streambed sediments by radioactive and hazardous constituents. Large sections of the stream channel near BNL are dry during periods of relatively low water-table altitude referred to as low-stage conditions. During mid-stage conditions, the water table intersects the streambed and base flow commences and increases as the water table rises to the tops of the streambanks. Areas adjacent to the stream become flooded during high-stage conditions as the water table rises above the streambanks. Information on the long-term (1943-2003) percentages of time that discharges at two nearby streamflow-gaging stations exceeded thresholds associated with mid- and high-stage conditions is needed to provide a range of estimates of the prevalence and seasonal variability of these conditions during the same years for streamflow-gaging station HQ on the Peconic River at the eastern boundary of BNL. Analysis and correlation of discharge data from the three streamflow-gaging stations—BNL’s station HQ and the U.S. Geological Survey stations on the Peconic River at Riverhead, N.Y., and Carmans River at Yaphank, N.Y.—were performed to extend the 1995-2003 period of record for station HQ.
Low-stage conditions occur when there is no flow at station HQ and, therefore, the start-of-flow for the Peconic River is downstream of BNL property. Mid-stage conditions occur when there is flow at station HQ but its daily mean value does not exceed 4.2 ft3/s; high-stage conditions occur when this discharge exceeds 4.2 ft3/s. Daily mean streamflows at station HQ were associated with low-stage conditions most of the time during 1995-2003 for all flow durations. Low-stage conditions predominated during January, March, and July through December of these years, whereas mid-stage conditions prevailed during parts of February and April through June. Mid-stage conditions generally appeared throughout the year during 1995-2003, except for mid-October, during which only low-stage conditions were observed. High-stage conditions were attained the least amount of time for all flow durations, and appeared only during parts of March through July and December of these years.
The percentages of time during 1943-2003 that daily mean streamflows at the Riverhead and Yaphank stations were associated with low-, mid-, and high-stage conditions provide a range of estimates of the amounts of time that these conditions occurred during these years at station HQ. Daily mean streamflows were associated with low-stage conditions most of the time during 1943-2003 for durations of 30 and 60 days; with mid-stage conditions most of the time for durations of 1, 3, and 7 days; and with either of these conditions for a duration of 14 days. High-stage conditions were attained the least amount of time during these years for all durations, except perhaps that of 1 day, for which low-stage conditions could have occurred the least amount of time. Mid-stage conditions predominated during January through early March, June through early July, and late November through December of these years. These conditions typically appeared throughout the year during 1943-2003, and occurred most often during late February. High-stage conditions also generally appeared throughout the year, except perhaps for a few days during early September of these years, and occurred most often during April. These results indicate that streamflows observed during 1943-2003 at the Riverhead and Yaphank stations—used to estimate a longer record for station HQ—were considerably higher than those observed during 1995-2003 at the three stations, and provide information that can be used in future studies to better understand the long-term capacity of streams such as the Peconic River near BNL to supply continuous flow, flood adjacent low-lying areas, and sustain aquatic habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055292","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Brookhaven National Laboratory and U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Schubert, C., Sullivan, T.M., and Medeiros, W.H., 2006, Analysis of mid- and high-stage conditions for the Peconic River at the eastern boundary of Brookhaven National Laboratory, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5292, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055292.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":7268,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5292/sir20055292.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2005-5292"},{"id":121011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5292/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Suffolk County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.4490966796875,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -71.6912841796875,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -71.6912841796875,\n 41.12902134749507\n ],\n [\n -73.4490966796875,\n 41.12902134749507\n ],\n [\n -73.4490966796875,\n 40.68063802521456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543