{"pageNumber":"2376","pageRowStart":"59375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184609,"records":[{"id":2002288,"text":"2002288 - 2006 - Status of Amphibians in California and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"2002288","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":388,"text":"WERC Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"-","title":"Status of Amphibians in California and Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/2002288","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Fisher, R., and Schwalbe, C., 2006, Status of Amphibians in California and Arizona: WERC Fact Sheet -, https://doi.org/10.3133/2002288.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91864,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.werc.usgs.gov/fileHandler.ashx?File=/Lists/Products/Attachments/2375/amphstat.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e00d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, G. M.","contributorId":82653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003843,"text":"70003843 - 2006 - Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of a perennial river canyon in the Rīo Salado basin (22°S) of Northern Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:46:53","indexId":"70003843","displayToPublicDate":"2011-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of a perennial river canyon in the Rīo Salado basin (22°S) of Northern Chile","docAbstract":"Plant macrofossils from 33 rodent middens sampled at three sites between 2910 and 3150 m elevation in the main canyon of the Rīo Salado, northern Chile, yield a unique record of vegetation and climate over the past 22,000 cal yr BP. Presence of low-elevation Prepuna taxa throughout the record suggests that mean annual temperature never cooled by more than 5°C and may have been near-modern at 16,270 cal yr BP. Displacements in the lower limits of Andean steppe and Puna taxa indicate that mean annual rainfall was twice modern at 17,520-16,270 cal yr BP. This pluvial event coincides with infilling of paleolake Tauca on the Bolivian Altiplano, increased ENSO activity inferred from a marine core near Lima, abrupt deglaciation in southern Chile, and Heinrich Event 1. Moderate to large increases in precipitation also occurred at 11,770-9550 (Central Atacama Pluvial Event), 7330-6720, 3490-2320 and at 800 cal yr BP. Desiccation occurred at 14,180, 8910-8640, and 4865 cal yr BP. Compared to other midden sites in the region, early Holocene desiccation seems to have happened progressively earlier farther south. Emerging trends from the cumulative midden record in the central Atacama agree at millennial timescales with improved paleolake chronologies for the Bolivian Altiplano, implying common forcing through changes in equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperature gradients.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.002","usgsCitation":"Latorre, C., Betancourt, J.L., and Arroyo, M.T., 2006, Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of a perennial river canyon in the Rīo Salado basin (22°S) of Northern Chile: Quaternary Research, v. 65, no. 3, p. 450-466, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.002.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"466","costCenters":[{"id":220,"text":"Desert Laboratory U.S. Geological Survey and University of Arizona","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3264491","text":"External Repository"},{"id":203877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266475,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.002"}],"country":"Chile","volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latorre, Claudio","contributorId":94019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latorre","given":"Claudio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arroyo, Mary T.K.","contributorId":31887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arroyo","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003893,"text":"70003893 - 2006 - Classification tree and minimum-volume ellipsoid analyses of the distribution of ponderosa pine in the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:55","indexId":"70003893","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-22T16:50:03","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification tree and minimum-volume ellipsoid analyses of the distribution of ponderosa pine in the western USA","docAbstract":"Aim? Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) is an economically and ecologically important conifer that has a wide geographic range in the western USA, but is mostly absent from the geographic centre of its distribution - the Great Basin and adjoining mountain ranges. Much of its modern range was achieved by migration of geographically distinct Sierra Nevada (P. ponderosa var. ponderosa) and Rocky Mountain (P. ponderosa var. scopulorum) varieties in the last 10,000 years. Previous research has confirmed genetic differences between the two varieties, and measurable genetic exchange occurs where their ranges now overlap in western Montana. A variety of approaches in bioclimatic modelling is required to explore the ecological differences between these varieties and their implications for historical biogeography and impending changes in western landscapes.\n\nLocation? Western USA.\n\nMethods? We used a classification tree analysis and a minimum-volume ellipsoid as models to explain the broad patterns of distribution of ponderosa pine in modern environments using climatic and edaphic variables. Most biogeographical modelling assumes that the target group represents a single, ecologically uniform taxonomic population. Classification tree analysis does not require this assumption because it allows the creation of pathways that predict multiple positive and negative outcomes. Thus, classification tree analysis can be used to test the ecological uniformity of the species. In addition, a multidimensional ellipsoid was constructed to describe the niche of each variety of ponderosa pine, and distances from the niche were calculated and mapped on a 4-km grid for each ecological variable.\n\nResults? The resulting classification tree identified three dominant pathways predicting ponderosa pine presence. Two of these three pathways correspond roughly to the distribution of var. ponderosa, and the third pathway generally corresponds to the distribution of var. scopulorum. The classification tree and minimum-volume ellipsoid model show that both varieties have very similar temperature limitations, although var. ponderosa is more limited by the temperature extremes of the continental interior. The precipitation limitations of the two varieties are seasonally different, with var. ponderosa requiring significant winter moisture and var. scopulorum requiring significant summer moisture. Great Basin mountain ranges are too cold at higher elevations to support either variety of ponderosa pine, and at lower elevations are too dry in summer for var. scopulorum and too dry in winter for var. ponderosa.\n\nMain conclusions? The classification tree analysis indicates that var. ponderosa is ecologically as well as genetically distinct from var. scopulorum. Ecological differences may maintain genetic separation in spite of a limited zone of introgression between the two varieties in western Montana. Two hypotheses about past and future movements of ponderosa pine emerge from our analyses. The first hypothesis is that, during the last glacial period, colder and/or drier summers truncated most of the range of var. scopulorum in the central Rockies, but had less dramatic effects on the more maritime and winter-wet distribution of var. ponderosa. The second hypothesis is that, all other factors held constant, increasing summer temperatures in the future should produce changes in the distribution of var. scopulorum that are likely to involve range expansions in the central Rockies with the warming of mountain ranges currently too cold but sufficiently wet in summer for var. scopulorum. Finally, our results underscore the growing need to focus on genotypes in biogeographical modelling and ecological forecasting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.R., Jackson, S.T., and Betancourt, J.L., 2006, Classification tree and minimum-volume ellipsoid analyses of the distribution of ponderosa pine in the western USA: Journal of Biogeography, v. 33, no. 2, p. 342-360.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"360","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21921,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01396.x/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, Jodi R.","contributorId":43746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003874,"text":"70003874 - 2006 - Bacterial community structure in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T20:53:49.520759","indexId":"70003874","displayToPublicDate":"2011-06-07T12:43:19","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial community structure in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soils from the hyperarid Atacama Desert of northern Chile were sampled along an east-west elevational transect (23.75 to 24.70°S) through the driest sector to compare the relative structure of bacterial communities. Analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles from each of the samples revealed that microbial communities from the extreme hyperarid core of the desert clustered separately from all of the remaining communities. Bands sequenced from DGGE profiles of two samples taken at a 22-month interval from this core region revealed the presence of similar populations dominated by bacteria from the&nbsp;</span><i>Gemmatimonadetes</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Planctomycetes</i><span>&nbsp;phyla.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01305-06","usgsCitation":"Drees, K., Neilson, J.W., Betancourt, J.L., Quade, J., Henderson, D.A., Pryor, B.M., and Maier, R.M., 2006, Bacterial community structure in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 72, no. 12, p. 7902-7908, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01305-06.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7902","endPage":"7908","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477277,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":104197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henderson, David A.","contributorId":105978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pryor, Barry M.","contributorId":52044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pryor","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maier, Raina M.","contributorId":50027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"Raina","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70003998,"text":"70003998 - 2006 - A 36,000-yr vegetation history from the Peloncillo Mountains, southeastern Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T18:37:47","indexId":"70003998","displayToPublicDate":"2011-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 36,000-yr vegetation history from the Peloncillo Mountains, southeastern Arizona, USA","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.017","usgsCitation":"Holmgren, C.A., Betancourt, J.L., and Rylander, K., 2006, A 36,000-yr vegetation history from the Peloncillo Mountains, southeastern Arizona, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 240, no. 3-4, p. 405-422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.017.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"422","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266217,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.017"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Peloncillo Mountains","volume":"240","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmgren, Camille A.","contributorId":75258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmgren","given":"Camille","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rylander, Kate A.","contributorId":73324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rylander","given":"Kate A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176792,"text":"70176792 - 2006 - Basaltic thermals and Subplinian plumes: Constraints from acoustic measurements at Shishaldin volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T16:51:46","indexId":"70176792","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basaltic thermals and Subplinian plumes: Constraints from acoustic measurements at Shishaldin volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) included both Strombolian and Subplinian activity, as well as a “pre-Subplinian” phase interpreted as the local coalescence within a long foam in the conduit. Although few visual observations were made of the eruption, a great deal of information regarding gas velocity, gas flux at the vent and plume height may be inferred by using acoustic recordings of the eruption. By relating acoustic power to gas velocity, a time series of gas velocity is calculated for the Subplinian and pre-Subplinian phases. These time series show trends in gas velocity that are interpreted as plumes or, for those signals lasting only a short time, thermals. The Subplinian phase is shown to be composed of a thermal followed by five plumes with a total expelled gas volume of <span id=\"IEq1\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mo>&amp;#x2248;</mo><mspace width=&quot;negativethinmathspace&quot; /><mn>1.5</mn><mo>&amp;#x00D7;</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup><mspace width=&quot;thickmathspace&quot; /><msup><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi></mrow><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mo\">≈</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mn\">1.5</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mo\">×</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"msubsup\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mn\">10</span></span><sup><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mn\">7</span></span></span></span></sup></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"msubsup\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mi\">m</span></span></span></span><sup><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mn\">3</span></span></span></span></sup></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span id=\"IEq1\" class=\"InlineEquation\"></span>.</p><p class=\"Para\">The initiation of the Subplinian activity is probably related to the arrival of a large overpressurised bubble close to the top of the magma column. A gradual increase in low-frequency (0.01–0.5 Hz) signal prior to this “trigger bubble” may be due to the rise of the bubble in the conduit. This delay corresponds to a reservoir located at ≈3.9 km below the surface, in good agreement with studies on other volcanoes.</p><p class=\"Para\">The presence of two thermal phases is also identified in the middle of the pre-Subplinian phase with a total gas release of <span id=\"IEq2\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mo>&amp;#x2248;</mo><mspace width=&quot;negativethinmathspace&quot; /><mn>4.3</mn><mo>&amp;#x00D7;</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><mspace width=&quot;thickmathspace&quot; /><msup><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi></mrow><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"math\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"mo\">≈</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mn\">4.3</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"mo\">×</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"msubsup\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mn\">10</span></span><sup><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"mn\">6</span></span></span></span></sup></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"msubsup\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mi\">m</span></span></span></span><sup><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mn\">3&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></sup></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>and <span id=\"IEq3\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mo>&amp;#x2248;</mo><mspace width=&quot;negativethinmathspace&quot; /><mn>3.6</mn><mo>&amp;#x00D7;</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><mspace width=&quot;thickmathspace&quot; /><msup><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi></mrow><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mo\">≈</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mn\">3.6</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"mo\">×</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"mn\">10</span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-47\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mn\">6</span></span></span></sup></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"mi\">m</span></span></span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-56\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-57\" class=\"mn\">3</span></span></span></sup></span></span></span></span></span><span id=\"IEq3\" class=\"InlineEquation\"></span>. Gas velocity at the vent is found to be <span id=\"IEq4\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mo>&amp;#x2248;</mo><mspace width=&quot;negativethinmathspace&quot; /><mn>82</mn><mspace width=&quot;thinmathspace&quot; /><msup><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi><mo>.</mo><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>s</mi></mrow><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mo>&amp;#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-58\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-59\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-60\" class=\"mo\">≈</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-61\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-62\" class=\"mn\">82</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-63\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-64\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-65\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-66\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-67\" class=\"mi\">m</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-68\" class=\"mo\">.</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-69\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span></span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-70\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-71\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-72\" class=\"mo\">−</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-73\" class=\"mn\">1</span></span></span></sup></span></span></span></span></span><span id=\"IEq4\" class=\"InlineEquation\"></span> and <span id=\"IEq5\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mo>&amp;#x2248;</mo><mspace width=&quot;negativethinmathspace&quot; /><mn>90</mn><mspace width=&quot;thinmathspace&quot; /><msup><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi><mo>.</mo><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>s</mi></mrow><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mo>&amp;#x2212;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-74\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-75\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-76\" class=\"mo\">≈</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-77\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-78\" class=\"mn\">90</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-79\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-80\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-81\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-82\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-83\" class=\"mi\">m</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-84\" class=\"mo\">.</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-85\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-86\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-87\" class=\"mrow\"><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-88\" class=\"mo\">−</span></sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-89\" class=\"mn\"><sup>1</sup>&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>for the Subplinian plumes and the pre-Subplinian thermals respectively.</p><p class=\"Para\">The agreement is very good between estimates of the gas flux from modelling the plume height and those obtained from acoustic measurements, leading to a new method by which eruption physical parameters may be quantified. Furthermore, direct measurements of gas velocity can be used for better estimates of the <span id=\"IEq6\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><msub><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>S</mi><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>O</mi></mrow><mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-90\" class=\"math\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-91\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-92\" class=\"msubsup\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-93\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-94\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-95\" class=\"mi\">S</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-96\" class=\"mi\">O</span></span></span></span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-97\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-98\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-99\" class=\"mn\"><sub>2</sub>&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>flux released during the eruption.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International ","doi":"10.1007/s00445-005-0035-4","usgsCitation":"Vergniolle, S., and Caplan-Auerbach, J., 2006, Basaltic thermals and Subplinian plumes: Constraints from acoustic measurements at Shishaldin volcano, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 68, no. 7, p. 611-630, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-005-0035-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"630","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":329354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Shishaldin volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165,\n              54.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -165,\n              55.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.3,\n              55.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.3,\n              54.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -165,\n              54.3\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8d1be4b0824b2d14b081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vergniolle, Sylvie","contributorId":175169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vergniolle","given":"Sylvie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline","contributorId":17848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"Jacqueline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70170256,"text":"70170256 - 2006 - Identifying suitable sites for Florida panther reintroduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T11:25:25","indexId":"70170256","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying suitable sites for Florida panther reintroduction","docAbstract":"<p><span>A major objective of the 1995 Florida Panther (<i>Puma concolor cory</i>) Recovery Plan is the establishment of 2 additional panther populations within the historic range. Our goal was to identify prospective sites for Florida panther reintroduction within the historic range based on quantitative landscape assessments. First, we delineated 86 panther home ranges using telemetry data collected from 1981 to 2001 in south Florida to develop a Mahalanobis distance (D</span><sup>2</sup><span>) habitat model, using 4 anthropogenic variables and 3 landscape variables mapped at a 500-m resolution. From that analysis, we identified 9 potential reintroduction sites of sufficient size to support a panther population. We then developed a similar D</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;model at a higher spatial resolution to quantify the area of favorable panther habitat at each site. To address potential for the population to expand, we calculated the amount of favorable habitat adjacent to each prospective reintroduction site within a range of dispersal distances of female panthers. We then added those totals to the contiguous patches to estimate the total amount of effective panther habitat at each site. Finally, we developed an expert-assisted model to rank and incorporate potentially important habitat variables that were not appropriate for our empirical analysis (e.g., area of public lands, livestock density). Anthropogenic factors heavily influenced both the landscape and the expert-assisted models. Of the 9 areas we identified, the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, Ozark National Forest, and Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge regions had the highest combination of effective habitat area and expert opinion scores. Sensitivity analyses indicated that variability among key model parameters did not affect the high ranking of those sites. Those sites should be considered as starting points for the field evaluation of potential reintroduction sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[752:ISSFFP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, C.A., van Manen, F.T., and Clark, J.D., 2006, Identifying suitable sites for Florida panther reintroduction: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 3, p. 752-763, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[752:ISSFFP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"752","endPage":"763","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.803955078125,\n              29.152161283318915\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.584228515625,\n              29.1233732108192\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.298583984375,\n              29.104176683949984\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.001953125,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8701171875,\n              29.152161283318915\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.7822265625,\n              29.305561325527698\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.62841796875,\n              29.401319510041485\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.45263671875,\n              29.46829664171322\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.18896484375,\n              29.477861195816843\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.980224609375,\n              29.334298230315675\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.67260742187499,\n              28.738763971370293\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.48583984375,\n              28.497660832963472\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5078125,\n              28.17855984939698\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              27.42053815128712\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.98046875,\n              27.039556602163195\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.95849609375,\n              26.401710528707707\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.04638671875,\n              25.750424835909385\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.244140625,\n              25.512700007620513\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.39794921875,\n              25.21488107113259\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.68359375,\n              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      ],\n            [\n              -82.628173828125,\n              27.196014383173306\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7490234375,\n              27.527758206861886\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90283203125,\n              27.732160709580906\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94677734375,\n              27.98470011861268\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.85888671875,\n              28.246327971048842\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.79296874999999,\n              28.44937385955666\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7490234375,\n              28.632746799225856\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.77099609375,\n              28.767659105691255\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8369140625,\n              28.93124697186731\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.869873046875,\n              29.05616970274342\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.803955078125,\n              29.152161283318915\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f6db5e4b0ef3b7ca3568e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, Cindy A. 0000-0003-0331-071X thatcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-071X","contributorId":2868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Cindy","email":"thatcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":626646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170257,"text":"70170257 - 2006 - Growth and sustainability of black bears at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T15:11:22","indexId":"70170257","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth and sustainability of black bears at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The black bear (</span><i>Ursus americanus</i><span>) population at White River National Wildlife Refuge is isolated and genetically distinct, but hunting occurs adjacent to refuge boundaries and females with cubs are removed annually for a reintroduction project. We trapped and radiotracked bears to determine level of exploitation and compare methods for estimating population growth and sustainability. We captured 260 bears (113 M:147 F), 414 times, from 1998 through 2003. Survival estimates based on radiotracking and mark–recapture indicated that hunting and translocations were significant sources of loss. Based on mark–recapture data (Pradel estimator), the annual population growth rate (λ) averaged 1.066 (SE = 0.077) when translocation removals occurred and averaged 0.961 (SE = 0.155) when both harvest and translocations occurred. Estimates of λ based on a population simulation model (program RISKMAN) averaged 1.061 (SD = 0.104) and 1.100 (SD = 0.111) when no removals occurred, 1.003 (SD = 0.097) and 1.046 (SD = 0.102) when translocations occurred, and 0.973 (SD = 0.096) and 1.006 (SD = 0.099) when both harvest and translocations occurred, depending on the survival rate estimates we used. The probability of population decline by &gt;25% over a 10-year period ranged from 13.8 to 68.8%, given our estimated removal rates. We conclude that hunting and translocation losses are at or exceed the maximum the population is capable of sustaining. Although extinction risks of this important bear population are low over the near term, it should continue to be closely monitored by state and federal agencies. The mark–recapture method we used to estimate λ proved to be a reliable alternative to more costly population modeling methods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1094:GASOBB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., and Eastridge, R., 2006, Growth and sustainability of black bears at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 4, p. 1094-1101, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1094:GASOBB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1101","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Arkansas county, Desha county, Monroe county, Phillips county","otherGeospatial":"White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.18515014648438,\n              34.00428898114395\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2469482421875,\n              34.01055023831342\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.24076843261719,\n              34.03729768165775\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.241455078125,\n              34.057210513510306\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23458862304688,\n              34.068587174791965\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.24282836914062,\n              34.085080620514844\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.25312805175781,\n              34.099865116851994\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.22840881347655,\n              34.115783994045756\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20368957519531,\n              34.14420310897081\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.19956970214844,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.19476318359375,\n              34.17147646866661\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.17965698242188,\n              34.179429539103374\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1700439453125,\n              34.20158056821986\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14463806152344,\n              34.21180215769026\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.11305236816406,\n              34.21180215769026\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.08901977539062,\n              34.21180215769026\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.05949401855469,\n              34.204420022968065\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.05262756347656,\n              34.186245860011574\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.05262756347656,\n              34.16124999108587\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.05606079101562,\n              34.13226824445654\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.05812072753906,\n              34.0822371521209\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.06979370117188,\n              34.05891711006568\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.07460021972656,\n              34.04241857075928\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0821533203125,\n              34.028762179464465\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.10069274902344,\n              34.016811033816374\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.15287780761719,\n              34.0219331594475\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.18515014648438,\n              34.00428898114395\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570f6db4e4b0ef3b7ca35688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eastridge, R.","contributorId":46464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastridge","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98862,"text":"ofr20061349 - 2006 - Genetic analyses of captive Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) using AFLP analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T14:18:58","indexId":"ofr20061349","displayToPublicDate":"2010-11-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1349","title":"Genetic analyses of captive Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) using AFLP analyses","docAbstract":"Population level studies of genetic diversity can provide information about population structure, individual genetic distinctiveness and former population size. They are especially important for rare and threatened species like the Alala, where they can be used to assess extinction risks and evolutionary potential. In an ideal situation multiple methods should be used to detect variation, and these methods should be comparable across studies. In this report, we discuss AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) as a genetic approach for detecting variation in the Alala , describe our findings, and discuss these in relation to mtDNA and microsatellite data reported elsewhere in this same population.\n\nAFLP is a technique for DNA fingerprinting that has wide applications. Because little or no prior knowledge of the particular species is required to carry out this method of analysis, AFLP can be used universally across varied taxonomic groups. Within individuals, estimates of diversity or heterozygosity across genomes may be complex because levels of diversity differ between and among genes. One of the more traditional methods of estimating diversity employs the use of codominant markers such as microsatellites. Codominant markers detect each allele at a locus independently. Hence, one can readily distinguish heterozygotes from homozygotes, directly assess allele frequencies and calculate other population level statistics. Dominant markers (for example, AFLP) are scored as either present or absent (null) so heterozygotes cannot be directly distinguished from homozygotes. However, the presence or absence data can be converted to expected heterozygosity estimates which are comparable to those determined by codominant markers. High allelic diversity and heterozygosity inherent in microsatellites make them excellent tools for studies of wild populations and they have been used extensively. One limitation to the use of microsatellites is that heterozygosity estimates are affected by the mutation rate at microsatellite loci, thus introducing a bias. Also, the number of loci that can be studied is frequently limited to fewer than 10. This theoretically represents a maximum of one marker for each of 10 chromosomes. Dominant markers like AFLP allow a larger fraction of the genome to be screened. Large numbers of loci can be screened by AFLP to resolve very small individual differences that can be used for identification of individuals, estimates of pairwise relatedness and, in some cases, for parentage analyses. Since AFLP is a dominant marker (can not distinguish between +/+ homozygote versus +/- heterozygote), it has limitations for parentage analyses. Only when both parents are homozygous for the absence of alleles (-/-) and offspring show a presence (+/+ or +/-) can the parents be excluded. In this case, microsatellites become preferable as they have the potential to exclude individual parents when the other parent is unknown. Another limitation of AFLP is that the loci are generally less polymorphic (only two alleles/locus) than microsatellite loci (often >10 alleles/locus). While generally fewer than 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci are enough to exclude and assign parentage, it might require up to 100 or more AFLP loci. While there are pros and cons to different methodologies, the total number of loci evaluated by AFLP generally offsets the limitations imposed due to the dominant nature of this approach and end results between methods are generally comparable.\n\nOverall objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of genetic diversity in the captive population of Alala, to compare genetic data with currently available pedigree information, and to determine the extent of relatedness of mating pairs and among founding individuals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061349","usgsCitation":"Jarvi, S.I., and Bianchi, K.R., 2006, Genetic analyses of captive Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) using AFLP analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1349, iii, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061349.","productDescription":"iii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2006_1349.jpg"},{"id":14277,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1349/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":279111,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1349/of2006-1349.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvi, Susan I.","contributorId":47748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvi","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bianchi, Kiara R.","contributorId":97864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"Kiara","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98712,"text":"tm11A2 - 2006 - FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization (PostScript Implementation)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-01T18:40:13.69788","indexId":"tm11A2","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-A2","title":"FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization (PostScript Implementation)","docAbstract":"PLEASE NOTE: This now-approved 'FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization (PostScript Implementation)' officially supercedes its earlier (2000) Public Review Draft version (see 'Earlier Versions of the Standard' below). \r\n\r\nIn August 2006, the Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization was officially endorsed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) as the national standard for the digital cartographic representation of geologic map features (FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006). Presented herein is the PostScript Implementation of the standard, which will enable users to directly apply the symbols in the standard to geologic maps and illustrations prepared in desktop illustration and (or) publishing software. \r\n\r\nThe FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization contains descriptions, examples, cartographic specifications, and notes on usage for a wide variety of symbols that may be used on typical, general-purpose geologic maps and related products such as cross sections. The standard also can be used for different kinds of special-purpose or derivative map products and databases that may be focused on a specific geoscience topic (for example, slope stability) or class of features (for example, a fault map). The standard is scale-independent, meaning that the symbols are appropriate for use with geologic mapping compiled or published at any scale. It will be useful to anyone who either produces or uses geologic map information, whether in analog or digital form. \r\n\r\nPlease be aware that this standard is not intended to be used inflexibly or in a manner that will limit one's ability to communicate the observations and interpretations gained from geologic mapping. In certain situations, a symbol or its usage might need to be modified in order to better represent a particular feature on a geologic map or cross section. This standard allows the use of any symbol that doesn't conflict with others in the standard, provided that it is clearly explained on the map and in the database. In addition, modifying the size, color, and (or) lineweight of an existing symbol to suit the needs of a particular map or output device also is permitted, provided that the modified symbol's appearance is not too similar to another symbol on the map. Be aware, however, that reducing lineweights below .125 mm (.005 inch) may cause symbols to plot incorrectly if output at higher resolutions (1800 dpi or higher). \r\n\r\nFor guidelines on symbol usage, as well as on color design and map labeling, please refer to the standard's introductory text. Also found there are informational sections covering concepts of geologic mapping and some definitions of geologic map features, as well as sections on the newly defined concepts and terminology for the scientific confidence and locational accuracy of geologic map features. \r\n\r\nMore information on both the past development and the future maintenance of the FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization can be found at the FGDC Geologic Data Subcommittee website (http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/fgdc_gds/). \r\n\r\nEarlier Versions of the Standard","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm11A2","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geologic Data Subcommittee of the Federal Geographic Data Committee","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization (PostScript Implementation) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-A2, HTML Page; PDF Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11A2.","productDescription":"HTML Page; PDF Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":14120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/11A02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_11_A2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bddac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":147999,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":905333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224586,"text":"5224586 - 2006 - [Book review]  Donnelly M.A., Crothers B., Guyer C, Wake M.H., White M.E, (Eds.).  Ecology and Evolution in the Tropics ? A Herpetological Perspective, University of Chicago Press,  2005, Pages 675, Price: $45.00, ISBN 0-226-15658-3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5224586","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T13:18:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review]  Donnelly M.A., Crothers B., Guyer C, Wake M.H., White M.E, (Eds.).  Ecology and Evolution in the Tropics ? A Herpetological Perspective, University of Chicago Press,  2005, Pages 675, Price: $45.00, ISBN 0-226-15658-3","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","collaboration":"6464_Reynolds.pdf","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R., 2006, [Book review]  Donnelly M.A., Crothers B., Guyer C, Wake M.H., White M.E, (Eds.).  Ecology and Evolution in the Tropics ? A Herpetological Perspective, University of Chicago Press,  2005, Pages 675, Price: $45.00, ISBN 0-226-15658-3: Biological Conservation, v. 127, no. 1.","productDescription":"p. 128","startPage":"128","numberOfPages":"128","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16819,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V5X-4H0S1M2-1&_user=696292&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AV-MsSAYVW-UUW-U-AAVBZAEVUZ-AAVAWUUWUZ-ZYZAVYVUZ-AV-U&_fmt=summary&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2006&_rdoc=14&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235798%232006%23998729998%23609086!&_cdi=5798&view=c&_acct=C000038819&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=696292&md5=91db665be45cb11da92e8f9c4af0879b","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4779e4b07f02db47f408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R.P.","contributorId":104439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224621,"text":"5224621 - 2006 - Animal and vegetation patterns in natural and man-made bog pools: implications for restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224621","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Animal and vegetation patterns in natural and man-made bog pools: implications for restoration","docAbstract":"1. Peatlands have suffered great losses following drainage for agriculture, forestry, urbanisation, or peat mining, near inhabited areas.  We evaluated the faunal and vegetation patterns after restoration of a peatland formerly mined for peat.  We assessed whether bog pools created during restoration are similar to natural bog pools in terms of water chemistry, vegetation structure and composition, as well as amphibian and arthropod occurrence patterns.  2. Both avian species richness and peatland vegetation cover at the site increased following restoration. Within bog pools, however, the vegetation composition differed between natural and man-made pools.  The cover of low shrubs, Sphagnum moss, submerged, emergent and floating vegetation in man-made pools was lower than in natural pools, whereas pH was higher than in typical bog pools.  Dominant plant species also differed between man-made and natural pools.  3. Amphibian tadpoles, juveniles and adults occurred more often in man-made pools than natural bog pools.  Although some arthropods, including Coleoptera bog specialists, readily colonised the pools, their abundance was two to 26 times lower than in natural bog pools.  Plant introduction in bog pools, at the stocking densities we applied, had no effect on the occurrence of most groups.  4. We conclude that our restoration efforts were partially successful.  Peatland-wide vegetation patterns following restoration mimicked those of natural peatlands, but 4 years were not sufficient for man-made pools to fully emulate the characteristics of natural bog pools.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6525_Mazerole.pdf","usgsCitation":"Mazerolle, M., Poulin, M., Lavoie, C., Rochefort, L., Desrochers, A., and Drolet, B., 2006, Animal and vegetation patterns in natural and man-made bog pools: implications for restoration: Freshwater Biology, v. 51, no. 2, p. 333-350.","productDescription":"333-350","startPage":"333","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17553,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118728082/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c015","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazerolle, M. J. 0000-0002-0486-0310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-0310","contributorId":12957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazerolle","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poulin, Marie-Pier","contributorId":97606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulin","given":"Marie-Pier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lavoie, C.","contributorId":83641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rochefort, L.","contributorId":15739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rochefort","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Desrochers, A.","contributorId":66820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desrochers","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drolet, B.","contributorId":70898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drolet","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224642,"text":"5224642 - 2006 - Comparative dynamics of avian communities across edges and interiors of North American ecoregions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224642","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative dynamics of avian communities across edges and interiors of North American ecoregions","docAbstract":"Aim  Based on a priori hypotheses, we developed predictions about how avian communities might differ at the edges vs. interiors of ecoregions.  Specifically, we predicted lower species richness and greater local turnover and extinction probabilities for regional edges.  We tested these predictions using North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data across nine ecoregions over a 20-year time period.  Location  Data from 2238 BBS routes within nine ecoregions of the United States were used.  Methods  The estimation methods used accounted for species detection probabilities < 1. Parameter estimates for species richness, local turnover and extinction probabilities were obtained using the program COMDYN.  We examined the difference in community-level parameters estimated from within exterior edges (the habitat interface between ecoregions), interior edges (the habitat interface between two bird conservation regions within the same ecoregion) and interior (habitat excluding interfaces).  General linear models were constructed to examine sources of variation in community parameters for five ecoregions (containing all three habitat types) and all nine ecoregions (containing two habitat types).  Results  Analyses provided evidence that interior habitats and interior edges had on average higher bird species richness than exterior edges, providing some evidence of reduced species richness near habitat edges.  Lower average extinction probabilities and turnover rates in interior habitats (five-region analysis) provided some support for our predictions about these quantities.  However, analyses directed at all three response variables, i.e. species richness, local turnover, and local extinction probability, provided evidence of an interaction between habitat and region, indicating that the relationships did not hold in all regions.  Main conclusions  The overall predictions of lower species richness, higher local turnover and extinction probabilities in regional edge habitats, as opposed to interior habitats, were generally supported.  However, these predicted tendencies did not hold in all regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6552_Karanth.pdf","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K., Nichols, J., Sauer, J., and Hines, J., 2006, Comparative dynamics of avian communities across edges and interiors of North American ecoregions: Journal of Biogeography, v. 33, no. 4, p. 674-682.","productDescription":"674-682","startPage":"674","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17564,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118728870/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae56b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, K.K.","contributorId":65964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222542,"text":"5222542 - 2006 - Surface elevation dynamics in vegetated Spartina marshes versus unvegetated tidal ponds along the mid-Atlantic coast, USA, with implications to waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T15:49:11","indexId":"5222542","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface elevation dynamics in vegetated Spartina marshes versus unvegetated tidal ponds along the mid-Atlantic coast, USA, with implications to waterbirds","docAbstract":"<p>Mid Atlantic coastal salt marshes contain a matrix of vegetation diversified by tidal pools, pannes, and creeks, providing habitats of varying importance to many species of breeding, migrating, and wintering waterbirds. We hypothesized that changes in marsh elevation were not sufficient to keep pace with those of sea level in both vegetated and unvegetated Spartina alterniflora sites at a number of mid lagoon marsh areas along the Atlantic coast. We also predicted that northern areas would suffer less of a deficit than would southern sites. Beginning in August 1998, we installed surface elevation tables at study sites on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, southern New Jersey, and two locations along Virginia's eastern shore. We compared these elevation changes over the 4-4.5 yr record with the long-term (&gt; 50 yr) tidal records for each locale. We also collected data on waterbird use of these sites during all seasons of the year, based on ground surveys and replicated surveys from observation platforms. Three patterns of marsh elevation change were found. At Nauset Marsh, Cape Cod, the Spartina marsh surface tracked the pond surface, both keeping pace with regional sea-level rise rates. In New Jersey, the ponds are becoming deeper while marsh surface elevation remains unchanged from the initial reading. This may result in a submergence of the marsh in the future, assuming sea-level rise continues at current rates. Ponds at both Virginia sites are filling in, while marsh surface elevation rates do not seem to be keeping pace with local sea-level rise. An additional finding at all sites was that subsidence in the vegetated marsh surfaces was less than in unvegetated areas, reflecting the importance of the root mat in stabilizing sediments. The implications to migratory waterbirds are significant. Submergence of much of the lagoonal marsh area in Virginia and New Jersey over the next century could have major negative (i.e., flooding) effects on nesting populations of marsh-dependent seaside sparrows Ammodramus maritimus, saltmarsh sharp-tailed sparrows A. caudacutus, black rails Laterallus jamaicensis, clapper rails Rallus longirostris, Forster's terns Sterna forsteri, common terns Sterna hirundo, and gull-billed terns Sterna nilotica. Although short-term inundation of many lagoonal marshes may benefit some open-water feeding ducks, geese, and swans during winter, the long-term ecosystem effects may be detrimental, as wildlife resources will be lost or displaced. With the reduction in area of emergent marsh, estuarine secondary productivity and biotic diversity will also be reduced.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02784702","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R.M., Cahoon, D.R., Prosser, D.J., Sanders, G., and Hensel, P., 2006, Surface elevation dynamics in vegetated Spartina marshes versus unvegetated tidal ponds along the mid-Atlantic coast, USA, with implications to waterbirds: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 1, p. 96-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02784702.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"106","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":57125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sanders, Geoffrey","contributorId":85841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Geoffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hensel, Philippe","contributorId":26009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"Philippe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5224638,"text":"5224638 - 2006 - Generalized site occupancy models allowing for false positive and false negative errors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5224638","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized site occupancy models allowing for false positive and false negative errors","docAbstract":"Site occupancy models have been developed that allow for imperfect species detection or ?false negative? observations.  Such models have become widely adopted in surveys of many taxa.  The most fundamental assumption underlying these models is that ?false positive? errors are not possible. That is, one cannot detect a species where it does not occur.  However, such errors are possible in many sampling situations for a number of reasons, and even low false positive error rates can induce extreme bias in estimates of site occupancy when they are not accounted for.  In this paper, we develop a model for site occupancy that allows for both false negative and false positive error rates.  This model can be represented as a two-component finite mixture model and can be easily fitted using freely available software.  We provide an analysis of avian survey data using the proposed model and present results of a brief simulation study evaluating the performance of the maximum-likelihood estimator and the naive estimator in the presence of false positive errors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6548_Royle.pdf","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., and Link, W., 2006, Generalized site occupancy models allowing for false positive and false negative errors: Ecology, v. 87, no. 4, p. 835-841.","productDescription":"835-841","startPage":"835","endPage":"841","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17560,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87%5B835%3AGSOMAF%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aec9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224639,"text":"5224639 - 2006 - Estimating species richness and accumulation by modeling species occurrence and detectability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224639","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating species richness and accumulation by modeling species occurrence and detectability","docAbstract":"A statistical model is developed for estimating species richness and accumulation by formulating these community-level attributes as functions of model-based estimators of species occurrence while accounting for imperfect detection of individual species.  The model requires a sampling protocol wherein repeated observations are made at a collection of sample locations selected to be representative of the community.  This temporal replication provides the data needed to resolve the ambiguity between species absence and nondetection when species are unobserved at sample locations.  Estimates of species richness and accumulation are computed for two communities, an avian community and a butterfly community.  Our model-based estimates suggest that detection failures in many bird species were attributed to low rates of occurrence, as opposed to simply low rates of detection.  We estimate that the avian community contains a substantial number of uncommon species and that species richness greatly exceeds the number of species actually observed in the sample.  In fact, predictions of species accumulation suggest that even doubling the number of sample locations would not have revealed all of the species in the community.  In contrast, our analysis of the butterfly community suggests that many species are relatively common and that the estimated richness of species in the community is nearly equal to the number of species actually detected in the sample.  Our predictions of species accumulation suggest that the number of sample locations actually used in the butterfly survey could have been cut in half and the asymptotic richness of species still would have been attained.  Our approach of developing occurrence-based summaries of communities while allowing for imperfect detection of species is broadly applicable and should prove useful in the design and analysis of surveys of biodiversity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6549_Dorazio.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., Royle, J., Soderstrom, B., and Glimskarc, A., 2006, Estimating species richness and accumulation by modeling species occurrence and detectability: Ecology, v. 87, no. 4, p. 842-854.","productDescription":"842-854","startPage":"842","endPage":"854","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17561,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87%5B842%3AESRAAB%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderstrom, B.","contributorId":73318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderstrom","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glimskarc, A.","contributorId":22885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glimskarc","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224625,"text":"5224625 - 2006 - Predicting regional abundance of rare grassland birds with a hierarchical spatial count model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:30","indexId":"5224625","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting regional abundance of rare grassland birds with a hierarchical spatial count model","docAbstract":"Grassland birds are among the most imperiled groups of birds in North America.  Unfortunately, little is known about the location of regional concentrations of these birds, thus regional or statewide conservation efforts may be inappropriately applied, reducing their effectiveness.  We identified environmental covariates associated with the abundance of five grassland birds in the upper midwestern United States (Bobolink [Dolichonyx oryzivorus], Grasshopper Sparrow [Ammodramus savannarum], Henslow's Sparrow [A. henslowii], Sedge Wren [Cistothorus platensis], and Upland Sandpiper [Bartramia longicauda]) with a hierarchical spatial count model fitted with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.  Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are well suited to this task because they are able to incorporate effects associated with autocorrelated counts and nuisance effects associated with years and observers, and the resulting models can be used to map predicted abundance at a landscape scale.  Environmental covariates were derived from five suites of variables: landscape composition, landscape configuration, terrain heterogeneity and physiognomy, climate, and human influence.  The final models largely conformed to our a priori expectations.  Bobolinks and Henslow's Sparrows were strongly sensitive to grassland patch area.  All of the species except Henslow's Sparrows exhibited substantial negative relations with forest composition, often at multiple spatial scales.  Climate was found to be important for all species, and was the most important factor influencing abundance of Grasshopper Sparrows.  After mapping predicted abundance, we found no obvious correspondence in the regional patterns of the five species.  Thus, no clearly defined areas exist within the upper midwestern United States where management plans can be developed for a whole suite of grassland birds.  Instead, a larger, region-wide initiative setting different goals for different species is recommended.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6530_Thogmartin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W., Knutson, M.G., and Sauer, J., 2006, Predicting regional abundance of rare grassland birds with a hierarchical spatial count model: Condor, v. 108, no. 1, p. 25-46.","productDescription":"25-46","startPage":"25","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17555,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108%5B0025%3APRAORG%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":202161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b07e4b07f02db69adf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, W.E. 0000-0002-2384-4279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":26392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224640,"text":"5224640 - 2006 - Fish-assemblage variation between geologically defined regions and across a longitudinal gradient in the Monkey River Basin, Belize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T17:10:36.407508","indexId":"5224640","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish-assemblage variation between geologically defined regions and across a longitudinal gradient in the Monkey River Basin, Belize","docAbstract":"<p><span>Linkages between geology and fish assemblages have been inferred in many regions throughout the world, but no studies have yet investigated whether fish assemblages differ across geologies in Mesoamerica. The goals of our study were to: 1) compare physicochemical conditions and fish-assemblage structure across 2 geologic types in headwaters of the Monkey River Basin, Belize, and 2) describe basin-scale patterns in fish community composition and structure for the benefit of conservation efforts. We censused headwater-pool fishes by direct observation, and assessed habitat size, structure, and water chemistry to compare habitat and fish richness, diversity, evenness, and density between streams in the variably metamorphosed sedimentary geologic type typical of 80% of Belize’s Maya Mountains (the Santa Rosa Group), and an anomalous extrusive geologic formation in the same area (the Bladen Volcanic Member). We also collected species-presence data from 20 sites throughout the basin for analyses of compositional patterns from the headwaters to the top of the estuary. Thirty-nine fish species in 21 families were observed. Poeciliids were numerically dominant, making up 39% of individuals captured, followed by characins (25%), and cichlids (20%). Cichlidae was the most species-rich family (7 spp.), followed by Poeciliidae (6 spp.). Habitat size and water chemistry differed strongly between geologic types, but habitat diversity did not. Major fish-assemblage differences also were not obvious between geologies, despite a marked difference in the presence of the aquatic macrophyte,&nbsp;</span><i>Marathrum oxycarpum</i><span>&nbsp;(Podostemaceae), which covered 37% of the stream bottom in high-nutrient streams draining the Santa Rosa Group, and did not occur in the low-P streams draining the Bladen Volcanic Member. Correlation analyses suggested that distance from the sea and amount of cover within pools are important to fish-assemblage structure, but that differing abiotic factors may influence assemblage structure within each geologic type. The fauna showed weak compositional zonation into 3 groups (headwaters, coastal plain, and nearshore). Nearly 20% of the fish species collected have migratory life cycles (including&nbsp;</span><i>Joturus</i><i>pichardi</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Agonostomus</i><i>monticola</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>Gobiomorus</i><i>dormitor</i><span>) that use freshwater and marine habitats. Some of these species probably rely on a natural flow regime and longitudinal connectivity for reproduction and dispersal of young, and natural flow regime and longitudinal connectivity are important factors for maintenance of functional linkages between the uplands and the coast in the ridge-to-reef corridor where the Monkey River is located. Therefore, we suggest that the viability of migratory fish populations may be a good biological indicator of upland-to-estuary connectivity important both to fishes and coastal ecosystem function. We recommend follow-up studies to substantiate the relative strengths of relationships between community structure and abiotic factors in contrasting geologies and to examine potential bottom−up responses of stream biota to the higher nutrient levels that were observed in stream waters draining the Santa Rosa Group geologic type.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press Journals","doi":"10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[142:FVBGDR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Esselman, P., Freeman, M.C., and Pringle, C.M., 2006, Fish-assemblage variation between geologically defined regions and across a longitudinal gradient in the Monkey River Basin, Belize: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 25, no. 1, p. 142-156, https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[142:FVBGDR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"156","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Belize","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              15.961329081596647\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7587890625,\n              15.961329081596647\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7587890625,\n              18.35452552912664\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              18.35452552912664\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              15.961329081596647\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef492","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esselman, P.C.","contributorId":35044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esselman","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pringle, C. M.","contributorId":72902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224619,"text":"5224619 - 2006 - Adventive Hylaeus (Spatulariella Popov) in the New World (Hymenoptera : Apoidea : Colletidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"5224619","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3152,"text":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adventive Hylaeus (Spatulariella Popov) in the New World (Hymenoptera : Apoidea : Colletidae)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6524_Ascher.pdf","usgsCitation":"Ascher, J., Ganibino, P., and Droege, S., 2006, Adventive Hylaeus (Spatulariella Popov) in the New World (Hymenoptera : Apoidea : Colletidae): Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, v. 108, no. 1, p. 237-239.","productDescription":"237-239","startPage":"237","endPage":"239","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699247","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ascher, J.S.","contributorId":82421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ascher","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganibino, P.","contributorId":79985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganibino","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224641,"text":"5224641 - 2006 - Multiscale patterns of movement in fragmented landscapes and consequences on demography of the snail kite in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-15T14:24:04.624739","indexId":"5224641","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiscale patterns of movement in fragmented landscapes and consequences on demography of the snail kite in Florida","docAbstract":"1.  Habitat loss and fragmentation are major factors affecting vertebrate populations.  A major effect of these habitat alterations is that they reduce movement of organisms.  Despite the accepted importance of movement in driving the dynamics of many natural populations, movement of vertebrates in fragmented landscapes have seldom been estimated with robust statistical methods.  2.  We estimated movement probabilities of snail kites Rosthramus sociabilis within the remaining wetlands in Florida.  Using both radio-telemetry and banding information, we used a multistate modelling approach to estimate transition probabilities at two temporal scales (month; year) and multiple spatial scales.  We examined kite movement among wetlands altered by three different levels of fragmentation: among wetlands separated by small physical barriers (e.g. road); among wetlands separated by moderate amount of matrix (< 5 km); and among wetlands separated by extensive matrix areas (> 15 km).  3.  Kites moved extensively among contiguous wetlands (movement probability 0?29 per month), but significantly less among isolated wetlands (movement probability 0?10 per month).  4.  Kites showed high levels of annual site fidelity to most isolated wetlands (probability ranged from 0?72 to 0?95 per year).  5.  We tested the effects of patch size and interpatch distance on movement. Our modelling indicated an effect of both distance and patch size on juveniles' movement (but not adult) when examining movements among fragments.  6.  Only a small proportion of kites escaped a regional drought by moving to refugia (wetlands less affected by drought).  Many individuals died after the drought.  During drought adult survival dropped by 16% while juvenile survival dropped by 86% (possibly because juveniles were less likely to reach refugia).  7.  We hypothesize that fragmentation may decrease kite's resistance to drought by restricting exploratory behaviour.","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01073.x","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Nichols, J., Kitchens, W., and Hines, J., 2006, Multiscale patterns of movement in fragmented landscapes and consequences on demography of the snail kite in Florida: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 75, no. 2, p. 527-539, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01073.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"539","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"southern  Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.166748046875,\n              24.327076540018634\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.815673828125,\n              24.327076540018634\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.815673828125,\n              28.87353946316266\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.166748046875,\n              28.87353946316266\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.166748046875,\n              24.327076540018634\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, J.","contributorId":18871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitchens, W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224630,"text":"5224630 - 2006 - Optimal regeneration planning for old-growth forest: addressing scientific uncertainty in endangered species recovery through adaptive management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224630","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal regeneration planning for old-growth forest: addressing scientific uncertainty in endangered species recovery through adaptive management","docAbstract":"Stochastic and structural uncertainties about forest dynamics present challenges in the management of ephemeral habitat conditions for endangered forest species.  Maintaining critical foraging and breeding habitat for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) requires an uninterrupted supply of old-growth forest.  We constructed and optimized a dynamic forest growth model for the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge (Georgia, USA) with the objective of perpetuating a maximum stream of old-growth forest habitat.  Our model accommodates stochastic disturbances and hardwood succession rates, and uncertainty about model structure.  We produced a regeneration policy that was indexed by current forest state and by current weight of evidence among alternative model forms.  We used adaptive stochastic dynamic programming, which anticipates that model probabilities, as well as forest states, may change through time, with consequent evolution of the optimal decision for any given forest state.  In light of considerable uncertainty about forest dynamics, we analyzed a set of competing models incorporating extreme, but plausible, parameter values.  Under any of these models, forest silviculture practices currently recommended for the creation of woodpecker habitat are suboptimal.  We endorse fully adaptive approaches to the management of endangered species habitats in which predictive modeling, monitoring, and assessment are tightly linked.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6539_Moore.pdf","usgsCitation":"Moore, C., and Conroy, M., 2006, Optimal regeneration planning for old-growth forest: addressing scientific uncertainty in endangered species recovery through adaptive management: Forest Science, v. 52, no. 2, p. 155-172.","productDescription":"155-172","startPage":"155","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17559,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://saf.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/2006/00000052/00000002/art00006","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, C. T. 0000-0002-6053-2880","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2880","contributorId":87649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224629,"text":"5224629 - 2006 - Site occupancy models with heterogeneous detection probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224629","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site occupancy models with heterogeneous detection probabilities","docAbstract":"Models for estimating the probability of occurrence of a species in the presence of imperfect detection are important in many ecological disciplines.  In these ?site occupancy? models, the possibility of heterogeneity in detection probabilities among sites must be considered because variation in abundance (and other factors) among sampled sites induces variation in detection probability (p).  In this article, I develop occurrence probability models that allow for heterogeneous detection probabilities by considering several common classes of mixture distributions for p. For any mixing distribution, the likelihood has the general form of a zero-inflated binomial mixture for which inference based upon integrated likelihood is straightforward.  A recent paper by Link (2003, Biometrics 59, 1123?1130) demonstrates that in closed population models used for estimating population size, different classes of mixture distributions are indistinguishable from data, yet can produce very different inferences about population size.  I demonstrate that this problem can also arise in models for estimating site occupancy in the presence of heterogeneous detection probabilities.  The implications of this are discussed in the context of an application to avian survey data and the development of animal monitoring programs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6538_Royle.pdf","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., 2006, Site occupancy models with heterogeneous detection probabilities: Biometrics, v. 62, no. 1, p. 97-102.","productDescription":"97-102","startPage":"97","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17558,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118626525/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5224627,"text":"5224627 - 2006 - Combining multistate capture-recapture data with tag recoveries to estimate demographic parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5224627","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining multistate capture-recapture data with tag recoveries to estimate demographic parameters","docAbstract":"Matrix population models that allow an animal to occupy more than one state over time are important tools for population and evolutionary ecologists.  Definition of state can vary, including location for metapopulation models and breeding state for life history models.  For populations whose members can be marked and subsequently re-encountered, multistate mark-recapture models are available to estimate the survival and transition probabilities needed to construct population models.  Multistate models have proved extremely useful in this context, but they often require a substantial amount of data and restrict estimation of transition probabilities to those areas or states subjected to formal sampling effort.  At the same time, for many species, there are considerable tag recovery data provided by the public that could be modeled in order to increase precision and to extend inference to a greater number of areas or states.  Here we present a statistical model for combining multistate capture-recapture data (e.g., from a breeding ground study) with multistate tag recovery data (e.g., from wintering grounds).  We use this method to analyze data from a study of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in the Atlantic Flyway of North America.  Our analysis produced marginal improvement in precision, due to relatively few recoveries, but we demonstrate how precision could be further improved with increases in the probability that a retrieved tag is reported.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6533_Kendall.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., Conn, P., and Hines, J., 2006, Combining multistate capture-recapture data with tag recoveries to estimate demographic parameters: Ecology, v. 87, no. 1, p. 169-177.","productDescription":"169-177","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17556,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/05-0637","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conn, P.B.","contributorId":73974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224628,"text":"5224628 - 2006 - Importance of riparian forests in urban catchments contingent on sediment and hydrologic regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T10:37:29","indexId":"5224628","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of riparian forests in urban catchments contingent on sediment and hydrologic regimes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Forested riparian corridors are thought to minimize impacts of landscape disturbance on stream ecosystems; yet, the effectiveness of streamside forests in mitigating disturbance in urbanizing catchments is unknown. We expected that riparian forests would provide minimal benefits for fish assemblages in streams that are highly impaired by sediment or hydrologic alteration. We tested this hypothesis in 30 small streams along a gradient of urban disturbance (1–65% urban land cover). Species expected to be sensitive to disturbance (i.e., fluvial specialists and “sensitive” species that respond negatively to urbanization) were best predicted by models including percent forest cover in the riparian corridor and a principal components axis describing sediment disturbance. Only sites with coarse bed sediment and low bed mobility (vs. sites with high amounts of fine sediment) had increased richness and abundances of sensitive species with higher percent riparian forests, supporting our hypothesis that response to riparian forests is contingent on the sediment regime. Abundances of </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Etheostoma scotti</i><span>, the federally threatened Cherokee darter, were best predicted by models with single variables representing stormflow (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">r</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.34) and sediment (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">r</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.23) conditions. Lentic-tolerant species richness and abundance responded only to a variable representing prolonged duration of low-flow conditions. For these species, hydrologic alteration overwhelmed any influence of riparian forests on stream biota. These results suggest that, at a minimum, catchment management strategies must simultaneously address hydrologic, sediment, and riparian disturbance in order to protect all aspects of fish assemblage integrity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-005-0029-1","usgsCitation":"Roy, A., Freeman, M.C., Freeman, B.J., Wenger, S., Meyer, J., and Ensign, W., 2006, Importance of riparian forests in urban catchments contingent on sediment and hydrologic regimes: Environmental Management, v. 47, no. 4, p. 523-539, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-005-0029-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"539","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5f45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roy, A.H.","contributorId":24065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, B. J.","contributorId":8031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wenger, S.J.","contributorId":51883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ensign, W.E.","contributorId":66382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ensign","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5224622,"text":"5224622 - 2006 - Risk assessment test for lead bioaccessibility to waterfowl in mine-impacted soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224622","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Risk assessment test for lead bioaccessibility to waterfowl in mine-impacted soils","docAbstract":"Due to variations in soil physicochemical properties, species physiology, and contaminant speciation, Pb toxicity is difficult to evaluate without conducting in vivo dose-response studies.  Such tests, however, are expensive and time consuming, making them impractical to use in assessment and management of contaminated environments.  One possible alternative is to develop a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) that can be used to measure relative bioaccessibility.  We developed and correlated a PBET designed to measure the bioaccessibility of Pb to waterfowl (W-PBET) in mine-impacted soils located in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin, Idaho.  The W-PBET was also used to evaluate the impact of P amendments on Pb bioavailability.  The W-PBET results were correlated to waterfowl-tissue Pb levels from a mallard duck [Anas platyrhynchos (L.)] feeding study.  The W-PBET Pb concentrations were significantly less in the P-amended soils than in the unamended soils.  Results from this study show that the W-PBET can be used to assess relative changes in Pb bioaccessibility to waterfowl in these mine-impacted soils, and therefore will be a valuable test to help manage and remediate contaminated soils.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6526_Furman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Furman, O., Strawn, D., Heinz, G.H., and Williams, B., 2006, Risk assessment test for lead bioaccessibility to waterfowl in mine-impacted soils: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 2, p. 450-458.","productDescription":"450-458","startPage":"450","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5feadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furman, O.","contributorId":81222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furman","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strawn, D.G.","contributorId":19673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strawn","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, B.","contributorId":80786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}