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In support of the 2009 update of the NEHRP Provisions currently being conducted by the Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC), herein we provide examples of the adjusted ground motions for a selected target collapse probability (or target risk). Relative to the probabilistic MCE ground motions currently in the NEHRP Provisions, the risk-targeted ground motions for design are smaller (by as much as about 30%) in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, near Charleston, South Carolina, and in the coastal region of Oregon, with relatively little (<15%) change almost everywhere else in the conterminous U.S.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEAOC 2007 Convention Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Structural Engineers Association of California","usgsCitation":"Luco, N., Ellingwood, B.R., Hamburger, R.O., Hooper, J.D., Kimball, J.K., and Kircher, C.A., 2007, Risk-targeted versus current seismic design maps for the conterminous United States, in SEAOC 2007 Convention Proceedings, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-003482","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f56ce4b0097a7158e5ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luco, Nicolas 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":1188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicolas","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellingwood, Bruce R.","contributorId":44446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellingwood","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamburger, Ronald O.","contributorId":65367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamburger","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hooper, John D.","contributorId":7601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kimball, Jeffrey K.","contributorId":65751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kircher, Charles A.","contributorId":106596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182816,"text":"70182816 - 2007 - Contaminated salmon and the public's trust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T12:54:37","indexId":"70182816","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminated salmon and the public's trust","docAbstract":"Scientific uncertainties often make it difficult for environmental policy makers to determine how to communicate risks to the public. A constructive, holistic, multisectoral dialogue about an issue can improve understanding of uncertainties from different perspectives and clarify options for risk communication. Many environmental issues could benefit from explicit promotion of such a dialogue. When issues are complex, unconstructive advocacy, narrow focus, and exclusion of selected parties from decision making can erode public trust in science and lead to cynicism about the policies of government and the private sector.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es072497j","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Lofstedt, R.E., 2007, Contaminated salmon and the public's trust: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1811-1814, https://doi.org/10.1021/es072497j.","productDescription":"4 p. 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The purpose of the study was to locate areas of potential interest for ore minerals, provide data that may be used to determine regional-scale element baselines, and provide data for the concurrent U.S. Geological Survey geologic mapping and mineral resource assessment effort. 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2007 - USGS National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report (North America)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T13:57:17","indexId":"1004039","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report (North America)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jankowski, M., Schuler, K., and Bradsby, J., 2007, USGS National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report (North America): Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 43, no. 3, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611618","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jankowski, M.","contributorId":53331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuler, K.","contributorId":94627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradsby, J.","contributorId":10751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradsby","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1004033,"text":"1004033 - 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Serum or plasma biochemical analyses are important tools in evaluating the health of free-ranging and captive manatees. The purpose of this study was to measure diagnostically important analytes in the plasma of healthy manatees and to determine whether there was significant variation with respect to location (free-ranging versus captive), age class (small calves, large calves, subadults, adults), and gender. No significant differences in plasma sodium, potassium, bilirubin, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, or creatine kinase were found among these classes of animals. Compared to free-ranging manatees, captive animals had significantly lower mean concentrations of plasma chloride, phosphate, magnesium, triglycerides, anion gap, and lactate. Captive manatees had significantly higher mean values of total CO2, calcium, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, and albumin/globulin ratio than did free-ranging animals. Differences in the environments of these two groups, including diet, temperature, salinity, and stress, might account for some of these results. The higher plasma lactate and anion gap concentrations and lower total CO2 concentrations of free-ranging manatees were probably due to greater exertion during capture, but the lack of elevated plasma creatine kinase activity relative to captive animals indicates that there was no serious muscle injury associated with capture. Plasma phosphate decreased and total globulins increased with age. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were highest in small calves. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase was higher in large calves than in adults and subadults, and the albumin/ globulin ratio was higher in subadults than in adults. Plasma total CO2 was higher and chloride was slightly lower in females than in males.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038[0269:CBIHMT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Harr, K., Murphy, D., Walsh, M., Chittick, E., Bonde, R., Pate, M., Deutsch, C.J., Edwards, H., and Haubold, E., 2007, Clinical biochemistry in healthy manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 38, no. 2, p. 269-279, https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038[0269:CBIHMT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"279","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":128544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67299a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. 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W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harr, K.E.","contributorId":102023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harr","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, D.","contributorId":105257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, M.T.","contributorId":88684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chittick, E.J.","contributorId":92611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chittick","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonde, R. 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We evaluated the effects of a large, stand-replacement wildfire on three species of pond-breeding amphibians by estimating changes in occupancy of breeding sites during the three years before and after the fire burned 42 of 83 previously surveyed wetlands. Annual occupancy and colonization for each species was estimated using recently developed models that incorporate detection probabilities to provide unbiased parameter estimates. We did not find negative effects of the fire on the occupancy or colonization rates of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum). Instead, its occupancy was higher across the study area after the fire, possibly in response to a large snowpack that may have facilitated colonization of unoccupied wetlands. Naïve data (uncorrected for detection probability) for the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) initially led to the conclusion of increased occupancy and colonization in wetlands that burned. After accounting for temporal and spatial variation in detection probabilities, however, it was evident that these parameters were relatively stable in both areas before and after the fire. We found a similar discrepancy between naïve and estimated occupancy of A. macrodactylum that resulted from different detection probabilities in burned and control wetlands. The boreal toad (Bufo boreas) was not found breeding in the area prior to the fire but colonized several wetlands the year after they burned. Occupancy by B. boreas then declined during years 2 and 3 following the fire. Our study suggests that the amphibian populations we studied are resistant to wildfire and that B. boreas may experience short-term benefits from wildfire. Our data also illustrate how naïve presence–non-detection data can provide misleading results.
The decline of amphibian populations is a world-wide phenomenon that has received increasing attention since about 1990. In 2004, the World Conservation Union’s global amphibian assessment concluded that 48% of the world’s 5,743 described amphibian species were in decline, with 32% considered threatened (Stuart et al. 2004). Amphibian declines are a significant issue in the western United States, where all native species of frogs in the genus Rana and many toads in the genus Bufo are at risk, particularly those that inhabit mountainous areas (Corn 2003a,b; Bradford 2005).
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","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","doi":"10.3368/er.25.3.211","usgsCitation":"Minion, J.M., Barry, D., Urbanec, L., Gray, A., and Duda, J., 2007, Salmon, forests, and pre-restoration assessment using stable isotope analysis on riparian vegetation: Ecological Restoration, v. 25, no. 3, p. 211-231, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.25.3.211.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"231","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581afb67e4b0bb36a4ca6655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minion, J. M.","contributorId":176557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minion","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barry, D.","contributorId":176558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barry","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Urbanec, L.","contributorId":176559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urbanec","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, A.","contributorId":176560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179461,"text":"70179461 - 2007 - Physiological development of reintroduced Chinook salmon in the Upper Klamath Basin. 2006 final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T12:27:02","indexId":"70179461","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Physiological development of reintroduced Chinook salmon in the Upper Klamath Basin. 2006 final report","docAbstract":"n/a
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., VanderKooi, S.P., Hamilton, J., Stocking, R., and Bartholomew, J., 2007, Physiological development of reintroduced Chinook salmon in the Upper Klamath Basin. 2006 final report.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586cc69ce4b0f5ce109fa971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanderKooi, S. P.","contributorId":12587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, J.","contributorId":63343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stocking, R.","contributorId":177882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stocking","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartholomew, J.","contributorId":177883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartholomew","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179449,"text":"70179449 - 2007 - Behavior and passage of juvenile salmonids during evaluation of a fish screen at Cowlitz Falls, Dam, 2007: Final Report of Research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T11:27:46","indexId":"70179449","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Behavior and passage of juvenile salmonids during evaluation of a fish screen at Cowlitz Falls, Dam, 2007: Final Report of Research","docAbstract":"n/a
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70179449","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T., Kock, T., Kritter, M., Ekstrom, B., and Rondorf, D., 2007, Behavior and passage of juvenile salmonids during evaluation of a fish screen at Cowlitz Falls, Dam, 2007: Final Report of Research, 49 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/70179449.","productDescription":"49 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cowlitz Falls Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.0797348022461,\n 46.496737889994904\n ],\n [\n -122.13947296142578,\n 46.47475364482728\n ],\n [\n -122.12711334228516,\n 46.45701794318489\n ],\n [\n -122.05158233642578,\n 46.461748028621635\n ],\n [\n -122.06806182861328,\n 46.497446911273606\n ],\n [\n -122.0797348022461,\n 46.496737889994904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586cc69ce4b0f5ce109fa975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, T.L.","contributorId":32800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kock, T.J.","contributorId":39578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kritter, M.A","contributorId":177850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kritter","given":"M.A","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ekstrom, B.K.","contributorId":177682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"B.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179475,"text":"70179475 - 2007 - Migration behavior of radio-tagged adult coho salmon and steelhead in the upper North Fork Toutle River, Washington: Final report of research 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T14:00:42","indexId":"70179475","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Migration behavior of radio-tagged adult coho salmon and steelhead in the upper North Fork Toutle River, Washington: Final report of research 2005-2006","docAbstract":"n/a
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Kock, T., Liedtke, T., Kritter, M., Perry, R., Rondorf, D., Hinson, D., Steward, C., and Wills, S., 2007, Migration behavior of radio-tagged adult coho salmon and steelhead in the upper North Fork Toutle River, Washington: Final report of research 2005-2006, 49 p. .","productDescription":"49 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586cc69be4b0f5ce109fa96b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, T.J.","contributorId":39578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, T.L.","contributorId":32800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kritter, M.A","contributorId":177850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kritter","given":"M.A","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":657399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hinson, D.R.","contributorId":177889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinson","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Steward, C.R. III","contributorId":177890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steward","given":"C.R.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wills, S.","contributorId":177891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wills","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":80804,"text":"ofr20071423 - 2007 - Preliminary testing of the role of exercise and predator recognition for bonytail and razorback sucker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T19:44:26","indexId":"ofr20071423","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1423","title":"Preliminary testing of the role of exercise and predator recognition for bonytail and razorback sucker","docAbstract":"Hatchery-reared juvenile, <25-cm TL (total length), razorback suckers appeared curious and showed no sign of predator avoidance when initially placed with large (>45-cm TL) flathead catfish. Predator-naïve juveniles (20- to 25-cm TL) exhibited no discernable preference when provided areas with and without (52 percent and 48 percent, n = 16 observations; 46 percent and 54 percent, n = 20 observations) large flathead catfish. However, once predation occurred, use of predator-free areas nearly doubled in two trials (36 percent and 64 percent, n = 50 observations; 33 percent and 67 percent, n = 12 observations). A more stringent test examining available area indicated predator-savvy razorback suckers used predator-free areas (88 percent, n = 21) illustrating predator avoidance was a learned behavior.
\nRazorback suckers exercised (treatment) in water current (<0.3 m/s) for 10 weeks exhibited greater swimming stamina than unexercised, control fish. When exercised and unexercised razorback suckers were placed together with large predators in 2006, treatment fish had significantly fewer (n = 9, z = 1.69, p = 0.046) mortalities than control fish, suggesting increased stamina improved predator escape skills. Predator/prey tests comparing razorback suckers that had been previously exposed to a predation event with control fish, found treatment fish also had significantly fewer losses than predatornaïve fish (p = 0.017). Similar tests exposing predator-savvy and predator-naïve bonytail with largemouth bass showed a similar trend; predator-savvy bonytail suffered 38 percent fewer losses than control fish. However, there was not a statistically significant difference between the test groups (p = 0.143) due to small sample size. All exercise and predator exposure trials increased the survival rate of razorback sucker and bonytail compared to untreated counterparts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071423","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Willow Beach National Fish Hatchery","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G.A., Carpenter, J., Krapfel, R., and Figiel, C., 2007, Preliminary testing of the role of exercise and predator recognition for bonytail and razorback sucker: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1423, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071423.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071423.PNG"},{"id":321210,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1423/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon A.","contributorId":86420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Jeanette","contributorId":41513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Jeanette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krapfel, Robert","contributorId":49057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapfel","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Figiel, Chester","contributorId":65939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figiel","given":"Chester","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80809,"text":"ofr20071353 - 2007 - Environmental effects of off-highway vehicles on Bureau of Land Management lands: A literature synthesis, annotated bibliographies, extensive bibliographies, and internet resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T13:15:35","indexId":"ofr20071353","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1353","title":"Environmental effects of off-highway vehicles on Bureau of Land Management lands: A literature synthesis, annotated bibliographies, extensive bibliographies, and internet resources","docAbstract":"This report and its associated appendixes compile and synthesize the results of a comprehensive literature and Internet search conducted in May 2006. The literature search was undertaken to uncover information regarding the effects of off-highway vehicle (OHV) use on land health, or “natural resource attributes,” and included databases archiving information from before OHVs came into existence to May 2006. Information pertaining to socioeconomic implications of OHV activities is included as well. The literature and Internet searches yielded approximately 700 peer-reviewed papers, magazine articles, agency and non-governmental reports, and internet websites regarding effects of OHV use as they relate to the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) standards of land health. Discussions regarding OHV effects are followed by brief syntheses of potential indicators of OHV effects, as well as OHV-effects mitigation, site-restoration techniques, and research needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071353","usgsCitation":"Ouren, D.S., Haas, C., Melcher, C.P., Stewart, S., Ponds, P.D., Sexton, N.R., Burris, L., Fancher, T.S., and Bowen, Z.H., 2007, Environmental effects of off-highway vehicles on Bureau of Land Management lands: A literature synthesis, annotated bibliographies, extensive bibliographies, and internet resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1353, xvi, 225 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071353.","productDescription":"xvi, 225 p.","numberOfPages":"241","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071353.PNG"},{"id":320214,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1353/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60255b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ouren, Douglas S. ourend@usgs.gov","contributorId":1931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouren","given":"Douglas","email":"ourend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":293625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Christopher","contributorId":74465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Susan C.","contributorId":48257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie R.","contributorId":82750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burris, Lucy","contributorId":49468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burris","given":"Lucy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fancher, Tammy S. 0000-0002-1318-3614 fanchert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-3614","contributorId":3788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancher","given":"Tammy","email":"fanchert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70029957,"text":"70029957 - 2007 - Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70029957","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials","docAbstract":"Competition between native and non-native species can change the composition and structure of plant communities, but in deserts, the highly variable timing of resource availability also influences non-native plant establishment, thus modulating their impacts on native species. In a field experiment, we varied densities of the non-native annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens around individuals of three native Mojave Desert perennials-Larrea tridentata, Achnatherum hymenoides, and Pleuraphis rigida-in either winter or spring. For comparison, additional plots were prepared for the same perennial species and seasons, but with a mixture of native annual species as neighbors. Growth of perennials declined when Bromus was established in winter because Bromus stands had 2-3 months of growth and high water use before perennial growth began. However, water potentials for the perennials were not significantly reduced, suggesting that direct competition for water may not be the major mechanism driving reduced perennial growth. The impact of Bromus on Larrea was lower than for the two perennial grasses, likely because Larrea maintains low growth rates throughout the year, even after Bromus has completed its life cycle. This result contrasts with the perennial grasses, whose phenology completely overlaps with (Achnatherum) or closely follows (Pleuraphis) that of Bromus. In comparison, Bromus plants established in spring were smaller than those established in winter and thus did not effectively reduce growth of the perennials. Growth of perennials with mixed annuals as neighbors also did not differ from those with Bromus neighbors of equivalent biomass, but stands of these native annuals did not achieve the high biomass of Bromus stands that were necessary to reduce perennial growth. Seed dormancy and narrow requirements for seedling survivorship of native annuals produce densities and biomass lower than those achieved by Bromus; thus, impacts of native Mojave Desert annuals on perennials are expected to be lower than those of Bromus. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"DeFalco, L., Fernandez, G., and Nowak, R., 2007, Variation in the establishment of a non-native annual grass influences competitive interactions with Mojave Desert perennials: Biological Invasions, v. 9, no. 3, p. 293-307, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5.","startPage":"293","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9033-5"},{"id":240654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc167e4b08c986b32a563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFalco, L.A.","contributorId":46032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandez, G.C.J.","contributorId":9871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"G.C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowak, R.S.","contributorId":104857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":425064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85670,"text":"85670 - 2007 - Avian tuberculosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T15:43:36.969017","indexId":"85670","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Avian tuberculosis","docAbstract":"This chapter contains section titled:
Introduction
Synonyms
History
Distribution
Host Range
Etiology
Epizootiology
Clinical Signs
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Diagnosis
Immunity
Public Health Concerns
Domestic Animal Health Concerns
Wildlife Population Impacts
Treatment and Control
Management Implications
Unpublished Data
Literature Cited
Arsenic (As) distribution and toxicology in the environment is a serious issue, with millions of individuals worldwide being affected by As toxicosis. Sources of As contamination are both natural and anthropogenic and the scale of contamination ranges from local to regional. There are many areas of research that are being actively pursued to address the As contamination problem. These include new methods of screening for As in the field, determining the epidemiology of As in humans, and identifying the risk of As uptake in agriculture. Remediation of As-affected water supplies is important and research includes assessing natural remediation potential as well as phytoremediation. Another area of active research is on the microbially mediated biogeochemical interactions of As in the environment.
In 2005, a conference was convened to bring together scientists involved in many of the different areas of As research. In this paper, we present a synthesis of the As issues in the light of long-standing research and with regards to the new findings presented at this conference. This contribution provides a backdrop to the issues raised at the conference together with an overview of contemporary and historical issues of As contamination and health impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.037","usgsCitation":"Bhattacharya, P., Welch, A., Stollenwerk, K.G., McLaughlin, M.J., Bundschuh, J., and Panaullah, G., 2007, Arsenic in the environment: Biology and chemistry: Science of the Total Environment, v. 379, no. 2-3, p. 109-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.037.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"379","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhattacharya, Prosun","contributorId":184213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"Prosun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":673799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, Mike J.","contributorId":184214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bundschuh, Jochen","contributorId":184215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bundschuh","given":"Jochen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Panaullah, G.","contributorId":184216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panaullah","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}